Birklands Primary School – Grammar Knowledge Organiser: Year 5

Modal : Modal verbs are auxiliary Examples Parenthesis: a word, phrase, or Example verbs. After a modal , the root form inserted in to a sentence to add extra, of a verb is generally used. subordinate, or clarifying information. Ability: can, could David can play the drums. Commas – most commonly used. I miss seeing John, my best friend from school, every day. Permission: can, could, may May I borrow your dictionary? Brackets – tend to be used in formal George Washington (born in 1732) was writing although there is no set rule. the first president of America. Advice: should You should eat fruit for a snack. Dashes – tend to be used in informal The train – which was late – was Obligation: must I must practise my times tables. writing although there is no set rule. heading to Paris. Building cohesion within and across a Transitional phrases and adverbials of Possibility: could, can, might, may, will, paragraph: time allow us to show relationships shall, must between ideas and logically connect sentences and paragraphs.

Time: recently, three weeks passed, later Location: on the shore, nearby, around the corner Feelings/manner: in a flash, anxiously, as fast as she could Numbers/Sequence: secondly, in conclusion Tense choices: He had seen her before. : Examples of relative : who, Commas to clarify meaning and avoid Example A relative clause is one type of whom, whose, that, which ambiguity: Let’s eat, kids – the comma and the dependent clause. It has a subject and a when and where can also operate as a pause suggest that we are going to eat verb, but can’t stand alone as a relative with the children. sentence. It is always with the main Let’s eat kids - this suggests that we are clause. going to eat the children.

I like the person. The person was nice to I like the person who was nice to me. Clause: A group of words in a sentence Phrase: A group of words in a sentence me. that contains a subject and a verb. that does not contain a subject and a verb.

An embedded clause is a clause that is Example: The witch, with green eyes, is The boy is playing. on the wall, in the distance within a main clause, usually marked by incredibly spooky. commas. Main clause: The witch is incredibly spooky. Embedded clause: with green eyes

Birklands Primary School – Knowledge Organiser: Word Classes

Word Class: Word Class:

Proper Nouns – names of a person, e.g. John, Warsop, September – describes a e.g. blue, small, gentle place or thing John lives in Warsop. The white snow blanketed the floor. (always starts with a capital letter) Concrete Nouns – things you experience e.g. table, pencil, chocolate, music Verb – an action (doing), state (being) or e.g. run, was, work through you five sense Put the pencil down please. occurrence The sun is hot. I play in the garden. Abstract Nouns – ideas, emotions and e.g. truth, justice, anger, love – modifies the meaning of a e.g. slowly, regularly, soon concepts I feel hope for the future. verb, noun or other adverb I liked the cuddly rabbit best. (you can’t touch them) Expresses manner, place, time or degree Collective Nouns – refers to a group of e.g. herd, class, pack individuals A gaggle of geese were at the pond. Pronouns – replaces a proper or e.g. he, she, they, it common noun John had a bookmark; he used it in his book. Word Class: Word Class:

Article – tells us the definite or e.g. a/an, the Prepositions – show the relationship e.g. after, in, with indefinite The tree is beautiful in autumn. between the noun or pronoun and He moved here after the war. other words in a sentence. They descried, for example, the position of something, the time when something happens, or the way in which something is done. Quantifier – indicates quantity e.g. few, many, some, two Co-ordinating – a e.g. for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Lots of fun was had at the party. conjunction place between words, I like chocolate, but I don’t like sweets. phrases, , or sentences of equal importance (main clause). – indicates who it belongs to e.g. mine, its, his Subordinating conjunction – a e.g. while, since, although That is her coat. conjunction that introduces a I went to bed early because I was tired. subordinate clause. – points to something e.g. this, that, those specific These computers are for sale.