List of Prime Ministers of Egypt
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The Editorial Board and Staff of the University of Baltimore Journal Of
EIC COMMENT.DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 3/21/16 6:39 PM\ Dear Readers: The Editorial Board and Staff of the University of Baltimore Journal of International Law have worked diligently to ensure Vol- ume 4 provides our readers with pieces that are both interesting and insightful. This is the first of two publications by this Editorial Board and staff. This issue features articles by leading scholars from around the world as well as a Comment and two Emerging Issues by members of our Journal. This issue begins with an article by Dr. Mohamed Abdelaal, SJD, Holding the Executive Accountable in Egypt Impeachment: A Losing Case. In this article Dr. Abdelaal examines the impeachment mechanism in Egypt after the 2011 Revolution and the 2013 events and the removal of Presidents Hosni Mubarak and Mohamed Morsi. Following this article is a case study done by Irene Broekhuijse LLM, PhD and Nanneke Quik-Schuijt, LLM. In their piece, A Case Study: Law and Emotions Within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the au- thors analyze the dispute settlement procedure between the Kingdom government and the local government and propose an alternative ap- proach. Our last article, Potential Impacts on Individuals Caused by the Invasion of NGOs into International Politics, authors Zhao Li and Haibin Qi evaluate the role Non-Governmental Organizations play in international cooperation and globalization. Our Student Comment in this issue is from University of Balti- more School of Law J.D. Candidate, Suzanne De Deyne. Ms. De Deyne’s comment, TTIP: A Free Trade Agreement That Strengthens the International Trade Environment and Enhances the Regulatory Powers of the WTO, discusses the relationship between the Transat- lantic Trade Investment Partnership and the World Trade Organiza- tion. -
Do Islã À Política: a Expansão Da Sociedade Dos Irmãos Muçulmanos No Egito (1936-1949)
UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTÓRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA SOCIAL ISABELLE CHRISTINE SOMMA DE CASTRO DO ISLÃ À POLÍTICA: A EXPANSÃO DA SOCIEDADE DOS IRMÃOS MUÇULMANOS NO EGITO (1936-1949) Versão Corrigida São Paulo 2014 ISABELLE CHRISTINE SOMMA DE CASTRO DO ISLÃ À POLÍTICA: A EXPANSÃO DA SOCIEDADE DOS IRMÃOS MUÇULMANOS NO EGITO (1936-1949) Tese apresentada ao Departamento de História da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção de título de Doutor em História Social Área de concentração: História Social Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Leila Maria Gonçalves Leite Hernandez Versão Corrigida São Paulo 2014 2 AUTORIZO A REPRODUÇÃO E DIVULGAÇÃO TOTAL OU PARCIAL DESTE TRABALHO, POR QUALQUER MEIO CONVENCIONAL OU ELETRÔNICO, PARA FINS DE ESTUDO E PESQUISA, DESDE QUE CITADA A FONTE. 3 FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO NOME: CASTRO, Isabelle Christine Somma de TÍTULO: Do Islã à política: a expansão da Sociedade dos Irmãos Muçulmanos (1936-1949) Tese apresentada ao Departamento de História da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção de título de Doutor em História Social Área de concentração: História Social Aprovado em: Banca Examinadora Prof. Dr._______________________________________________________ Instituição:_____________________ Assinatura:_______________________ Prof. Dr._______________________________________________________ Instituição:_____________________ Assinatura:_______________________ -
Foreign Terrorist Organizations
Order Code RL32223 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Foreign Terrorist Organizations February 6, 2004 Audrey Kurth Cronin Specialist in Terrorism Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Huda Aden, Adam Frost, and Benjamin Jones Research Associates Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Foreign Terrorist Organizations Summary This report analyzes the status of many of the major foreign terrorist organizations that are a threat to the United States, placing special emphasis on issues of potential concern to Congress. The terrorist organizations included are those designated and listed by the Secretary of State as “Foreign Terrorist Organizations.” (For analysis of the operation and effectiveness of this list overall, see also The ‘FTO List’ and Congress: Sanctioning Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations, CRS Report RL32120.) The designated terrorist groups described in this report are: Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade Armed Islamic Group (GIA) ‘Asbat al-Ansar Aum Supreme Truth (Aum) Aum Shinrikyo, Aleph Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) Communist Party of Philippines/New People’s Army (CPP/NPA) Al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group, IG) HAMAS (Islamic Resistance Movement) Harakat ul-Mujahidin (HUM) Hizballah (Party of God) Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM) Jemaah Islamiya (JI) Al-Jihad (Egyptian Islamic Jihad) Kahane Chai (Kach) Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK, KADEK) Lashkar-e-Tayyiba -
History-Writing and Nation-Building in Nasser's Egypt Mona Arif
Shorofat 1 Constructing the National Past: History-Writing and Nation-Building in Nasser’s Egypt Mona Arif is a scholarly refereed series specialized in humanities and social sciences, Shorofat 1 and issued by the Futuristic Studies Unit, Strategic Studies Program at the Bibliotheca Alexandrina. Board Chair Mostafa El Feki Editor-in-Chief Khaled Azab Shorofat 1 Editors Omneya El Gamil Aia Radwan Language Revision Perihan Fahmy Graphic Design Mohamed Shaarawy Constructing the National Past History-Writing and Nation-Building in Nasser’s Egypt Mona Arif The views in Shorofat represent the views of the author, not those of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina. Futuristic Studies Unit Bibliotheca Alexandrina Shorofat 1 Constructing the National Past: History-Writing and Nation-Building in Nasser’s Egypt Bibliotheca Alexandrina Cataloging-in-Publication Data Arif, Mona. Constructing the national past history-writing and nation-building in Nasser’s Egypt / Mona Arif. – Alexandria, Egypt : Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Futuristic Studies Unit, 2017. Pages ; cm. (Shorofat ; 1) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 9782-448-452-977- 1. Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 19182 .1970-. Egypt -- History -- 19521970-. I. Futuristic Studies Unit (Bibliotheca Alexandrina) II. Title. II. Series. 962.053--dc23 2017853316 ISBN: 978-977-452-448-2 Dar El-Kuttub Depository No.: 20671/2017 © 2017 Bibliotheca Alexandrina. All rights reserved. COMMERCIAL REPRODUCTION Reproduction of multiple copies of materials in this publication, in whole or in part, for the purposes of commercial redistribution is prohibited except with written permission from the Bibliotheca Alexandrina. To obtain permission to reproduce materials in this publication for commercial purposes, please contact the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, P.O. Box 138, Chatby 21526, Alexandria, Egypt. -
Daring to Care Reflections on Egypt Before the Revolution and the Way Forward
THE ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL CIVIL SERVANTS IN EGYPT Daring To Care Reflections on Egypt Before The Revolution And The Way Forward Experts’ Views On The Problems That Have Been Facing Egypt Throughout The First Decade Of The Millennium And Ways To Solve Them Daring to Care i Daring to Care ii Daring to Care Daring to Care Reflections on Egypt before the revolution and the way forward A Publication of the Association of International Civil Servants (AFICS-Egypt) Registered under No.1723/2003 with Ministry of Solidarity iii Daring to Care First published in Egypt in 2011 A Publication of the Association of International Civil Servants (AFICS-Egypt) ILO Cairo Head Office 29, Taha Hussein st. Zamalek, Cairo Registered under No.1723/2003 with Ministry of Solidarity Copyright © AFICS-Egypt All rights reserved Printed in Egypt All articles and essays appearing in this book as appeared in Beyond - Ma’baed publication in English or Arabic between 2002 and 2010. Beyond is the English edition, appeared quarterly as a supplement in Al Ahram Weekly newspaper. Ma’baed magazine is its Arabic edition and was published independently by AFICS-Egypt. BEYOND-MA’BAED is a property of AFICS EGYPT No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission of AFICS Egypt. Printed in Egypt by Moody Graphic International Ltd. 7, Delta st. ,Dokki 12311, Giza, Egypt - www.moodygraphic.com iv Daring to Care To those who have continuously worked at stirring the conscience of Egypt, reminding her of her higher calling and better self. -
Patterns of Global Terrorism 1999
U.S. Department of State, April 2000 Introduction The US Government continues its commitment to use all tools necessary—including international diplomacy, law enforcement, intelligence collection and sharing, and military force—to counter current terrorist threats and hold terrorists accountable for past actions. Terrorists seek refuge in “swamps” where government control is weak or governments are sympathetic. We seek to drain these swamps. Through international and domestic legislation and strengthened law enforcement, the United States seeks to limit the room in which terrorists can move, plan, raise funds, and operate. Our goal is to eliminate terrorist safehavens, dry up their sources of revenue, break up their cells, disrupt their movements, and criminalize their behavior. We work closely with other countries to increase international political will to limit all aspects of terrorists’ efforts. US counterterrorist policies are tailored to combat what we believe to be the shifting trends in terrorism. One trend is the shift from well-organized, localized groups supported by state sponsors to loosely organized, international networks of terrorists. Such a network supported the failed attempt to smuggle explosives material and detonating devices into Seattle in December. With the decrease of state funding, these loosely networked individuals and groups have turned increasingly to other sources of funding, including private sponsorship, narcotrafficking, crime, and illegal trade. This shift parallels a change from primarily politically motivated terrorism to terrorism that is more religiously or ideologically motivated. Another trend is the shift eastward of the locus of terrorism from the Middle East to South Asia, specifically Afghanistan. As most Middle Eastern governments have strengthened their counterterrorist response, terrorists and their organizations have sought safehaven in areas where they can operate with impunity. -
After the Accords Anwar Sadat
WMHSMUN XXXIV After the Accords: Anwar Sadat’s Cabinet Background Guide “Unprecedented committees. Unparalleled debate. Unmatched fun.” Letters From the Directors Dear Delegates, Welcome to WMHSMUN XXXIV! My name is Hank Hermens and I am excited to be the in-room Director for Anwar Sadat’s Cabinet. I’m a junior at the College double majoring in International Relations and History. I have done model UN since my sophomore year of high school, and since then I have become increasingly involved. I compete as part of W&M’s travel team, staff our conferences, and have served as the Director of Media for our college level conference, &MUN. Right now, I’m a member of our Conference Team, planning travel and training delegates. Outside of MUN, I play trumpet in the Wind Ensemble, do research with AidData and for a professor, looking at the influence of Islamic institutions on electoral outcomes in Tunisia. In my admittedly limited free time, I enjoy reading, running, and hanging out with my friends around campus. As members of Anwar Sadat’s cabinet, you’ll have to deal with the fallout of Egypt’s recent peace with Israel, in Egypt, the greater Middle East and North Africa, and the world. You’ll also meet economic challenges, rising national political tensions, and more. Some of the problems you come up against will be easily solved, with only short-term solutions necessary. Others will require complex, long term solutions, or risk the possibility of further crises arising. No matter what, we will favor creative, outside-the-box ideas as well as collaboration and diplomacy. -
Mr. Mahmoud Mohamed Ali 4 El Tayaran St., Nasr City, Cairo Tel: (20-2) 401-2692/21/22/23/24 Fax: (20-2) 401-6681
1 of 143 U.S. Department of State FY 2001 Country Commercial Guide: Egypt The Country Commercial Guide for Egypt was prepared by U.S. Embassy Cairo released by the Bureau of Economic and Business in July 2000 for Fiscal Year 2001. International Copyright, U.S. & Foreign Commercial Service and the U.S. Department of State, 2000. All rights reserved outside the United States. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 CHAPTER II. ECONOMIC TRENDS AND OUTLOOK 8 -Major Trends and Outlook -Principal Growth Sectors -Key Economic Trends and Issues -Economic Cooperation -Nature of Political Relationship with the U.S. -Major Political Issues Affecting Business Climate CHAPTER III. MARKETING U.S. PRODUCTS & SERVICES 17 -Distribution and Sales Channels -Use of Agents and Distributors - Finding a Partner -Franchising -Direct Marketing -Foreign Sales Corporation (FSC) -Joint Ventures/Licensing -Organization Structure and Management in Egypt -Steps to Establishing an Office -Selling Factors/Techniques -Advertising and Trade Promotion (and Selected Media List) -Pricing Products -Sales Service/Customer Support 2 of 143 -Selling to the Government -Tenders Law -Defense Trade -Protecting your Product from IPR Infringement (see Chapter VII) -Financing U.S. Agricultural Sales -Selling Through USAID Program CHAPTER IV. LEADING SECTORS FOR U.S. EXPORTS & INVESTMENT 41 -Best Prospects For Non-Agricultural Goods And Services -Best Prospects for Agricultural Products -Significant Investment Opportunities CHAPTER V. TRADE REGULATIONS, CUSTOMS, AND STANDARDS 55 -Trade Barriers (Including Tariff And Non-Tariff Barriers) and Tariff Rates -Import Taxes -Representative Listing of Commercial Legislation In Egypt -Customs Regulations -Import Licenses Requirements -Temporary Goods Entry Requirements -Special Import/Export Requirements And Certifications -Ministerial Decree 619 of 1998 - Certificate of Origin -Labeling Requirements -Prohibited Imports -Export Controls -Standards -Free Trade Zones/Warehouses -Membership in Free Trade Arrangements -Customs Contact Information CHAPTER VI. -
Playing with Fire. the Muslim Brotherhood and the Egyptian
Playing with Fire.The Muslim Brotherhood and the Egyptian Leviathan Daniela Pioppi After the fall of Mubarak, the Muslim Brotherhood (MB) decided to act as a stabilising force, to abandon the street and to lend democratic legiti- macy to the political process designed by the army. The outcome of this strategy was that the MB was first ‘burned’ politically and then harshly repressed after having exhausted its stabilising role. The main mistakes the Brothers made were, first, to turn their back on several opportunities to spearhead the revolt by leading popular forces and, second, to keep their strategy for change gradualist and conservative, seeking compromises with parts of the former regime even though the turmoil and expectations in the country required a much bolder strategy. Keywords: Egypt, Muslim Brotherhood, Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, Arab Spring This article aims to analyse and evaluate the post-Mubarak politics of the Muslim Brotherhood (MB) in an attempt to explain its swift political parable from the heights of power to one of the worst waves of repression in the movement’s history. In order to do so, the analysis will start with the period before the ‘25th of January Revolution’. This is because current events cannot be correctly under- stood without moving beyond formal politics to the structural evolution of the Egyptian system of power before and after the 2011 uprising. In the second and third parts of this article, Egypt’s still unfinished ‘post-revolutionary’ political tran- sition is then examined. It is divided into two parts: 1) the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF)-led phase from February 2011 up to the presidential elections in summer 2012; and 2) the MB-led phase that ended with the military takeover in July 2013 and the ensuing violent crackdown on the Brotherhood. -
Parliament Special Edition
October 2016 22nd Issue Special Edition Our Continent Africa is a periodical on the current 150 Years of Egypt’s Parliament political, economic, and cultural developments in Africa issued by In this issue ................................................... 1 Foreign Information Sector, State Information Service. Editorial by H. E. Ambassador Salah A. Elsadek, Chair- man of State Information Service .................... 2-3 Chairman Salah A. Elsadek Constitutional and Parliamentary Life in Egypt By Mohamed Anwar and Sherine Maher Editor-in-Chief Abd El-Moaty Abouzed History of Egyptian Constitutions .................. 4 Parliamentary Speakers since Inception till Deputy Editor-in-Chief Fatima El-Zahraa Mohamed Ali Current .......................................................... 11 Speaker of the House of Representatives Managing Editor Mohamed Ghreeb (Documentary Profile) ................................... 15 Pan-African Parliament By Mohamed Anwar Deputy Managing Editor Mohamed Anwar and Shaima Atwa Pan-African Parliament (PAP) Supporting As- Translation & Editing Nashwa Abdel Hamid pirations and Ambitions of African Nations 18 Layout Profile of Former Presidents of Pan-African Gamal Mahmoud Ali Parliament ...................................................... 27 Current PAP President Roger Nkodo Dang, a We make every effort to keep our Closer Look .................................................... 31 pages current and informative. Please let us know of any Women in Egyptian and African Parliaments, comments and suggestions you an endless march of accomplishments .......... 32 have for improving our magazine. [email protected] Editorial This special issue of “Our Continent Africa” Magazine coincides with Egypt’s celebrations marking the inception of parliamentary life 150 years ago (1688-2016) including numerous func- tions atop of which come the convening of ses- sions of both the Pan-African Parliament and the Arab Parliament in the infamous city of Sharm el-Sheikh. -
•C ' CONFIDENTIAL EGYPT October 8, 1946 Section 1 ARCHIVE* J 4167/39/16 Copy No
THIS DOCUMENT IS THE PROPERTY OF HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY'S GOYERNMENT •C ' CONFIDENTIAL EGYPT October 8, 1946 Section 1 ARCHIVE* J 4167/39/16 Copy No. LEADING PERSONALITIES IN EGYPT Mr. Bowker to Mr. Bevin. (Received 8th October) (No. 1051. Confidential) 53. Ibrahim Abdul Hadi Pasha. Sir, Cairo, 30th September, 1946 54. Maitre Abdel Hamid Abdel Hakk. With reference to Mr. Farquhar's despatch 55. Nabil Abbas Halim. No. 1205 of-29th August, 1945, I have the honour 56. Maitre Ahmed Hamza. to transmit a revised list of personalities in Egypt. 57. Abdel Malek Hamza Bey. I have, &c. 58. El Lewa Mohammed Saleh Harb Pasha. JAMES BOWKEE. 59. Mahmoud Hassan Pasha. 60. Mohammed Abdel Khalek Hassouna Pasha. 61. Dr. Hussein Heikal Pasha. Enclosure 62. Sadek Henein Pasha. INDEX 63. Mahmoud Tewfik el-Hifnawi Pasha. 64. Neguib el-Hilaly Pasha. I.—Egyptian Personalitits 65. Ahmed Hussein Effendi. 1. Fuad Abaza Pasha. 66. Dr. Tahra Hussein. 2. Ibrahim Dessuki Abaza Pasha. 67. Dr. Ali Ibrahim Pasha, C.B.E. 3. Maitre Mohammed Fikri Abaza. 68. Kamel Ibrahim Bey. 4. Mohammed Ahmed Abboud Pasha. 69. Mohammed Hilmy Issa Pasha. 5. Dr. Hafez Afifi Pasha. 70. Aziz Izzet Pasha, G.C.V.O. 6. Abdel Kawi Ahmed Pasha. 71. Ahmed Kamel Pasha. 7. Ibrahim Sid Ahmed Bey. 72. ,'Lewa Ahmed Kamel Pasha. 8. Murad Sid Ahmed Pasha. 73. Ibrahim Fahmy Kerim Pasha. 9. Ahmed All Pasha, K.C.V.O. 74. Mahmoud Bey Khalil. 10. Prince Mohammed All, G.C.B., G.C.M.G. 75. Ahmed Mohammed Khashaba Pasha. 11. Tarraf Ali Pasha. -
Framing of Political Forces in Liberal, Islamist and Government Newspapers in Egypt: a Content Analysis
American University in Cairo AUC Knowledge Fountain Theses and Dissertations 6-1-2012 Framing of political forces in liberal, islamist and government newspapers in Egypt: A content analysis Noha El-Nahass Follow this and additional works at: https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds Recommended Citation APA Citation El-Nahass, N. (2012).Framing of political forces in liberal, islamist and government newspapers in Egypt: A content analysis [Master’s thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/296 MLA Citation El-Nahass, Noha. Framing of political forces in liberal, islamist and government newspapers in Egypt: A content analysis. 2012. American University in Cairo, Master's thesis. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/296 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by AUC Knowledge Fountain. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of AUC Knowledge Fountain. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The American University in Cairo School of Global Affairs and Public Policy Framing of Political Forces in Liberal, Islamist and government newspapers in Egypt: A content analysis A Thesis Submitted to Journalism & Mass Communication department In partial fulfillment of the requirements for The degree of Master of Arts By Noha El-Nahass Under the supervision of Dr. Naila Hamdy Spring 2016 1 Dedication I dedicate this thesis to the journalists who lost their lives while covering the political turbulences in Egypt, may their sacrifices enlighten the road and give the strength to their colleagues to continue reflecting the truth and nothing but the truth.