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United Nations A/HRC/22/G/6 General Assembly Distr.: General 5 March 2013 Original: English Human Rights Council Twenty-second session Agenda item 4 Human rights situations that require the Council’s attention Note verbale dated 21 February 2013 from the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the United Nations Office at Geneva addressed to the President of the Human Rights Council I have the honour to transmit herewith the press release of the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Azerbaijan concerning the commemoration of the twenty-first anniversary of the Khojaly genocide in Azerbaijan. I would highly appreciate it if you could kindly circulate my letter and its annex as a document of the twenty-second session of the Human Rights Council under agenda item 4. (signed) Dr. Murad N. Najafbayli Ambassador, Permanent Representative Reproduced in the annex as received, in the language of submission only. GE.13-11684 A/HRC/22/G/6 Annex [English only] Press Release: Commemoration of the twenty-first Anniversary of the Khojaly Genocide The most serious crimes of concern to the international community, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide, have been committed in the course of the ongoing aggression of the Republic of Armenia against the Republic of Azerbaijan. In the coming days, Azerbaijan commemorates the twenty-first anniversary of the atrocious crimes committed against the civilians and defenders of the town of Khojaly, situated in the Nagorno Karabakh region of the Republic of Azerbaijan. On the night of 25 and 26 February 1992, the Armenian armed forces, with the help of the infantry guards regiment No. -
Recognition of the Khojaly Genocide at the ICO
Administrative Department of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan P R E S I D E N T I A L L I B R A R Y ────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Recognition of the Genocide of Khojaly The member of the US California Assembly recognizes Khojaly Massacre (March 25, 2009) ............................................................................................................................................... 4 The recognition of the Khojaly Genocide at the ICO ............................................................... 5 Massachusetts State of the United States recognizes Khojaly tragedy as a massacre (February 25, 2010) ...................................................................................................................... 7 Recognition of the Khojaly genocide by Pakistan ..................................................................... 8 Recognition of the Khojaly massacre in Mexico ........................................................................ 9 The resolution adopted by the Senate of Mexico (October 27, 2011) .................................... 10 The resolution adopted by the Chamber of Deputies of Mexico (November 30, 2011) ....... 13 Khojaly to be recognized as Genocide in International level: representatives of the Parliaments of 51 States adopts the relevant resolution (January 31, 2012) ........................ 18 Texas House of Representatives passes resolution on Khojaly genocide (February 21, 2012) ..................................................................................................................................................... -
Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past: a Comparative Study on Memory Management in the Region
CBEES State of the Region Report 2020 Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past A Comparative Study on Memory Management in the Region Published with support from the Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies (Östersjstiftelsen) Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past A Comparative Study on Memory Management in the Region December 2020 Publisher Centre for Baltic and East European Studies, CBEES, Sdertrn University © CBEES, Sdertrn University and the authors Editor Ninna Mrner Editorial Board Joakim Ekman, Florence Frhlig, David Gaunt, Tora Lane, Per Anders Rudling, Irina Sandomirskaja Layout Lena Fredriksson, Serpentin Media Proofreading Bridget Schaefer, Semantix Print Elanders Sverige AB ISBN 978-91-85139-12-5 4 Contents 7 Preface. A New Annual CBEES Publication, Ulla Manns and Joakim Ekman 9 Introduction. Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past, David Gaunt and Tora Lane 15 Background. Eastern and Central Europe as a Region of Memory. Some Common Traits, Barbara Trnquist-Plewa ESSAYS 23 Victimhood and Building Identities on Past Suffering, Florence Frhlig 29 Image, Afterimage, Counter-Image: Communist Visuality without Communism, Irina Sandomirskaja 37 The Toxic Memory Politics in the Post-Soviet Caucasus, Thomas de Waal 45 The Flag Revolution. Understanding the Political Symbols of Belarus, Andrej Kotljarchuk 55 Institutes of Trauma Re-production in a Borderland: Poland, Ukraine, and Lithuania, Per Anders Rudling COUNTRY BY COUNTRY 69 Germany. The Multi-Level Governance of Memory as a Policy Field, Jenny Wstenberg 80 Lithuania. Fractured and Contested Memory Regimes, Violeta Davoliūtė 87 Belarus. The Politics of Memory in Belarus: Narratives and Institutions, Aliaksei Lastouski 94 Ukraine. Memory Nodes Loaded with Potential to Mobilize People, Yuliya Yurchuk 106 Czech Republic. -
1 ...The Khojaly Massacre Is a Bloody Episode. It Is a Continuation of The
...The Khojaly massacre is a bloody episode. It is a continuation of the ethnic cleansing and genocide policies that the Armenian chauvinist-nationalists have been progressively carrying out against the Azerbaijanis for approximately 200 years. These accursed policies, supported by the authorities of some states, were constantly pursued by Tsarist Russia and the Soviets. After the demise of the USSR these policies led to the displacement of Azerbaijanis from their homelands, exposing them to suffering on a massive scale. In all, two million Azerbaijanis have at various times felt the weight of the policies of ethnic cleansing and genocide pursued by aggressive Armenian nationalists and stupid ideologues of "Greater Armenia". ...Today the Government of Azerbaijan and its people must bring the truth about the Khojaly genocide and all the Armenian atrocities in Nagorny Karabakh, their scale and brutality, to the countries of the world, their parliaments and the public at large and achieve the recognition of these atrocities as an act of genocide. This is the humane duty of every citizen before the spirits of the Khojaly martyrs. An international legal and political assessment of the tragedy and proper punishment of the ideologues, organizers and executors are important in order to avoid in future such barbarous acts against humanity as a whole... Heydar Aliyev President of the Republic of Azerbaijan 25 February 2002 1 Background 7 Mass Media 13 The Washington Post, The Independent, The Sunday Times, The Times, The Washington Times, The New -
Of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the 24 Anniversary of Khojaly Genoc
STATEMENT of the Commissioner for Human Rights (Ombudsman) of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the 24th anniversary of Khojaly Genocide The crime committed in Khojaly city at the night from 25th to 26th February of 1992, by the Armenian armed forces together with the 366th moto-artillery regiment of the former Soviet army in Khankendi was one of the unprecedented events due to its cruelty. Khojaly genocide resulted with severe violation of international legal norms and principles as well as of human rights and freedoms and as an integral part of the aggressive policy against Azerbaijan, became another evidence of long-lasting ethnic cleansing and genocide policy of Armenian extremists and their supporters against the Azerbaijani people. During Khojaly genocide, 613 people, whose names were known, including 106 women, 63 children and 70 old people were killed; over 1000 civilians became disabled as a result of severe injuries; 1275 people were taken hostages, the fate of 150 out of them still remains unknown. 8 families were totally exterminated; 25 children lost both, whereas 130 children lost one parent; captives and hostages were subjected to merciless torture. Thus, human rights of those people, especially the fundamental right to life were grossly violated. This massive killing of human beings, committed by the Armenian invaders, unambiguously, is an act of genocide due to its unimaginable cruelty and tortures. Hence, under international law, genocide is considered to be one of the gravest crimes and the elements of this crime are determined in a number of legal documents. The UN General Assembly Resolution 96 (I) dated 11 December 1946, states that genocide, violating the right of people to life, damages human dignity, and deprives the mankind of the material and spiritual values created by human beings, is contrary to the spirit and aims of the United Nations and universal values and the civilized community condemns it. -
General Assembly Distr.: General 18 February 2021
United Nations A/HRC/46/G/1 General Assembly Distr.: General 18 February 2021 Original: English Human Rights Council Forty-sixth session 22 February–19 March 2021 Agenda item 4 Human rights situations that require the Council’s attention Note verbale dated 29 December 2020 from the Permanent Mission of Azerbaijan to the United Nations Office at Geneva addressed to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights The Permanent Mission of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the United Nations Office and other international organizations in Geneva presents herewith a report on violations by the Republic of Armenia of its obligations deriving from the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination in relation to Azerbaijanis and the Republic of Azerbaijan (see annex). The Permanent Mission kindly requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to circulate the present note verbale and the annex thereto* as a document of the Human Rights Council under agenda item 4. * Reproduced as received, in the language of submission only. GE.21-02221(E) A/HRC/46/G/1 Annex to the note verbale dated 29 December 2020 from the Permanent Mission of Azerbaijan to the United Nations Office at Geneva addressed to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Report on violations by the Republic of Armenia of its obligations deriving from the International Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Racial Discrimination (1965) in relation to Azerbaijanis and the Republic of Azerbaijan A. Overview The armed conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan started at the end of 1980s with Armenia’s unlawful and groundless territorial claims against Azerbaijan. -
Khojaly Genocide
CHAPTER 1 KHOJALY. HISTORY, TRAGEDY, VICTIMS P R E S I D E N T I A L L I B R A RY Administrative Department of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan CONTENTS BRIEF HISTORY OF KARABAKH .............................................................................................................5 INFORMATION ON THE GRAVE VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTED DURING THE COURSE OF THE ARMENIAN AGGRESSION AGAINST AZERBAIJAN....................................7 BRIEF INFORMATION ABOUT KHOJALY ........................................................................................... 10 THE TRAGEDY........................................................................................................................................... 11 LIST OF THE PEOPLE DIED AT THE KHOJALY TRAGEDY ............................................................. 12 LIST OF FAMILIES COMPLETELY EXECUTED ON 26TH OF FEBRUARY 1992 DURING KHOJALY GENOCIDE .............................................................................................................................. 22 LIST OF THE CHILDREN DIED IN KHOJALY GENOCIDE ................................................................ 23 LIST OF THE CHILDREN HAVING LOST ONE OF THEIR PARENTS AT THE KHOJALY TRAGEDY.................................................................................................................................................... 25 LIST OF THE CHILDREN HAVING LOST BOTH PARENTS AT THE KHOJALY TRAGEDY ....... 29 MISSING PEOPLE ..................................................................................................................................... -
Khojaly Genocide
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan Department for Analysis and Strategic Studies KHOJALY GENOCIDE 22 February 2021 CONTENTS I. Khojaly genocide as a crime against humanity…………………………………….3 II. Reports by international non-governmental organizations…………………………9 III. International mass media records…………………………………………………...21 IV. Testimonies of hostages………………………………………………………….....32 V. Scholarly writings and research articles (excerpts)…………………………………36 VI. Resolutions and statements by foreign officials and state institutions……………...39 VII. Photo chronicle……………………………………………………………………...184 2 I. KHOJALY GENOCIDE AS A CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY Khojaly is a town in the Nagorno-Karabakh region of the Republic of Azerbaijan with a total area of 0.94 sq.km, which was home to a population of 7,000 before the conflict. Harbouring the only airport in the area, Khojaly was a strategically important center of communication. On the night of February 25-26, Khojaly suffered massive artillery bombardment from the positions occupied by the Armenian forces. Soon after the intensive shelling, the Armenian Armed Forces, including the irregular armed bands and terrorist groups, and with the direct participation of 366th Motorized Infantry Regiment of the former USSR, seized the town. Under heavy conditions of frosty weather, several thousands of civilian residents fled the town in the dark and found refuge in nearby forests and mountain terrains, only to be eventually trapped and ambushed by Armenian forces and militia. As a result, 613 civilians perished, including 106 women and 63 children. 1,275 Khojaly residents were taken hostage, while 150 people to this day remain unaccounted for. In the course of the massacre, 487 inhabitants of Khojaly were severely dismembered, including 76 children. -
Soviet Crackdown
CONFLICT IN THE SOVIET UNION Black January in Azerbaidzhan Human Rights Watch/Helsinki (formerly Helsinki Watch) The InterInter----RepublicRepublic Memorial Society CONFLICT IN THE SOVIET UNION Black January in Azerbaidzhan Human Rights Watch/Helsinki (formerly Helsinki Watch) The InterInter----RepublicRepublic Memorial Society Human Rights Watch New York $$$ Washington $$$ Los Angeles $$$ London Copyright (c) May 1991 by Human Rights Watch. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN: 1-56432-027-8 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 91-72672 Human Rights Watch/Helsinki (formerly Helsinki Watch) Human Rights Watch/Helsinki was established in 1978 to monitor and promote domestic and international compliance with the human rights provisions of the 1975 Helsinki Accords. It is affiliated with the International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights, which is based in Vienna, Austria. Jeri Laber is the executive director; Lois Whitman is the deputy director; Holly Cartner and Julie Mertus are counsel; Erika Dailey, Rachel Denber, Ivana Nizich and Christopher Panico are research associates; Christina Derry, Ivan Lupis, Alexander Petrov and Isabelle Tin-Aung are associates; ðeljka MarkiÉ and Vlatka MiheliÉ are consultants. Jonathan Fanton is the chair of the advisory committee and Alice Henkin is vice chair. International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights Helsinki Watch is an affiliate of the International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights, a human rights organization that links Helsinki Committees in the following countries of Europe and North America: Austria, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, England, the Federal Republic of Germany, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, the Soviet Union, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United States, Yugoslavia. -
RISE and FALL of SOCIALISM. 1945-1991 by Chto Delat, 2011
OUR RELATION TO HISTORY REMAINS RETROSPECTIVE, BUT ALSO ANTICIPATORY. IF IT IS THE PAST THAT DETERMINES OUR PLACE IN HISTORY, THERE WE ALSO FIND THE MATERIAL SUPPORT WITH WHICH TO RECONSTITUTE OUR HISTORICAL PLACE. BUT IS IT POSSIBLE TO RETROACTIVELY ANTICIPATE A DIFFERENT TURN OF EVENTS IN AN ALREADY HISTORICIZED PAST – TO ASSUME THE FATE OF PAST EVENTS AS STILL (PAGES magazine, 2009) UNDECIDABLE? RISE AND FALL OF SOCIALISM. 1945-1991 by Chto Delat, 2011 Research group: Ilya Budraitskis, Thomas Campbell, Dmitry Vilensky, Nikolay Oleynikov Graphics by Nikolay Oleynikov featuring artworks by Learning Film Group and Dmitry Vilensky February 4-11, 1945. The Yalta Conference. Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill decide on the respective spheres of influence of the west and the USSR in post- war Europe. The western sphere includes countries with strong communist movements such as Italy and Greece. It is decided that the Allies and the Soviet Union will have equal influence in Yugoslavia. The 1940s 1946. The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia and the People's Republic of Bulgaria are established. 1948-49. Pro-Soviet regimes are established in Eastern Europe (Romania, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, East Germany). The transition to the so-called people’s republics is marked both by large-scale socioeconomic reforms that enjoy popular support and by the introduction of repressive Stalinist regimes that totally control public life. February 20-25, 1948. The Czechoslovak Communist Party gains control of the country’s government. This “bloodless” coup is supported by strikes The 1940s in which 2.5 million people take part. June 28, 1948. -
Echo of Khojaly Tragedy
CHAPTER 3 ECHO OF KHOJALY Administrative Department of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan P R E S I D E N T I A L L I B R A R Y ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── CONTENTS Kommersant (Moscow) (February 27, 2002) ..................................................................................... 15 15 th year of Khojaly genocide commemorated (February 26, 2007) ................................................ 16 Azerbaijani delegation to highlight Nagorno-Karabakh issue at OSCE PA winter session (February 3, 2008) ............................................................................................................................................... 17 On this night they had no right even to live (February 14, 2008) ...................................................... 18 The horror of the night. I witnessed the genocide (February 14-19, 2008) ....................................... 21 Turkey`s NGOs appeal to GNAT to recognize khojaly tragedy as genocide (February 13, 2008) ... 22 Azerbaijani ambassador meets chairman of Indonesian Parliament’s House of Representatives (February 15, 2008) ............................................................................................................................ 23 Anniversary of Khojaly genocide marked at Indonesian Institute of Sciences (February 18, 2008). 24 Round table on Khojaly genocide held in Knesset (February 20, 2008) ........................................... 25 Their only «fault» was being Azerbaijanis (February -
European Stability Initiative the Country Haydar Aliyev Built
European Stability Initiative The country Haydar Aliyev built June 2011 Soviet Azerbaijan Soviet Baku, year unknown. Photo: DerWolF / Wikipedia After the dissolution of the Russian empire in 1917 and during the ensuing civil war Azerbaijan became an independent state the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR). Throughout its brief existence from 1918 to 1920, the young state found itself at war with neighbouring Armenia and under assault. In 1920, the Bolsheviks took control in Azerbaijan. The Soviet Union was created in 1922. Initially part of the so-called "Transcaucasian Federation" within the Soviet Union, Azerbaijan gained the status of a full-right Union republic in 1936. Soviet rule in Azerbaijan lasted for nearly seven decades until, on 30 August 1991, Azerbaijan declared independence from the crumbling Soviet Union, following the example of several other Soviet republics. Azerbaijanis' identity has long been complex. In Tsarist Russia, Muslim inhabitants of the Caucasus were often referred to as 'Tatars' or simply 'Muslims'. By the end of the 19th century a growing number of Azerbaijanis defined themselves as 'Turks' or 'Azerbaijani Turks.' Although their language is very similar to Anatolian Turkish, Azerbaijanis have never lived under Ottoman rule. Unlike the majority of (Sunni) Turks, most practice Shia Islam, something they share with more than twenty million ethnic Azeris living south of the Araks river in the northwest of Iran. In 1916 62 percent of Muslims in Azerbaijan were Shiite and 38 percent were Sunni. In the 1920's the Soviet authorities pursued a policy of korenizatsiya, or nativization. It consisted of promoting natives to positions of responsibility in the government and the communist party and instituting the equality of Russian and local languages in the public sphere.