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Holocene Chironomid-Inferred Salinity and Paleovegetation Reconstruction

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Holocene Chironomid-Inferred Salinity and Paleovegetation Reconstruction Document generated on 10/02/2021 8:21 a.m. Géographie physique et Quaternaire Holocene chironomid-inferred salinity and paleovegetation reconstruction from Kilpoola Lake, British Columbia La salinité (déterminée par les chironomides) et la reconstitution paléovégétale du Kilpoola Lake (Colombie-Britannique) à l’Holocène Salzgehalt, bestimmt durch die Chironomidae, und Rekonstruktion der Paläovegetation des Kilpoola-Sees, British Columbia Mark L. Heinrichs, Ian R. Walker, Rolf W. Mathewes and Richard J. Hebda Volume 53, Number 2, 1999 Article abstract Salinity fluctuations in lakes of semi-arid regions have been recognised as URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/004878ar indicators of paleoclimatic change and have provided a valuable line of DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/004878ar evidence in paleoclimatic reconstruction. However, factors other than climate, including sedimentologic events, may also affect salinity. At Kilpoola Lake, See table of contents early postglacial freshwater chironomids (Microtendipes, Sergentia, and Heterotrissocladius) occur in the basal sediments and yield a chironomid-inferred salinity of <0.03 g/l. Higher salinities, ranging from 1.0 to Publisher(s) 3.5 g/l, with Cricotopus/Orthocladius and Tanypus (chironomids typical of saline environments) follow and, persist for most of the remainder of the Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal Holocene. An inferred 450% salinity increase (from 1.6 to 7.3 g/l) occurred in the sediment above the Mount Mazama tephra, followed by a return to the ISSN pre-Mount Mazama salinity. The early Holocene pollen spectra are typical of open steppe, but the post-Mazama Artemisia pollen percentages are 0705-7199 (print) exceptionally high and are associated with silty clays. Pollen spectra following 1492-143X (digital) this Artemisia peak represent steppe communities and are consistent with regional trends. We suggest that the changes in chironomid communities and Explore this journal vegetation after deposition of the Mazama ash do not reflect a rapid shift to warmer or drier climate and evaporation, but rather an increased ionic concentration due to solutes derived from the freshly deposited tephra and Cite this article perhaps in- washed silts and clays. Heinrichs, M. L., Walker, I. R., Mathewes, R. W. & Hebda, R. J. (1999). Holocene chironomid-inferred salinity and paleovegetation reconstruction from Kilpoola Lake, British Columbia. Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 53(2), 211–221. https://doi.org/10.7202/004878ar Tous droits réservés © Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1999 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 1999, vol. 53, n° 2, p. 211-221, 5 fig. HOLOCENE CHIRONOMID-INFERRED SALINITY AND PALEOVEGETATION RECONSTRUCTION FROM KILPOOLA LAKE, BRITISH COLUMBIA Mark L. HEINRICHS*1,2,3,4, Ian R. WALKER1,2, Rolf W. MATHEWES2, and Richard J. HEBDA3,4,5: 1 Department of Biology, Okanagan University College, 3333 College Way, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7 (address for correspondence); 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6; 3 Department of Biology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3020, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2; 4 Royal British Columbia Museum, Box 9815, Stn. Prov. Gov’t., Victoria, British Columbia, V8N 9W1; 5 School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3020, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2. ABSTRACT, 1999, vol. 53, n° 2, 5 fig., 53(2), 1999M. L. HEINRICHS et al. Salinity fluctuations in lakes of RÉSUMÉ La salinité (déterminée par les chi- ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Salzgehalt, best- semi-arid regions have been recognised as ronomides) et la reconstitution paléovégétale immt durch die Chironomidae, und Rekonstruk- indicators of paleoclimatic change and have du Kilpoola Lake (Colombie-Britannique) à tion der Paläovegetation des Kilpoola-Sees, provided a valuable line of evidence in paleo- l’Holocène. Les fluctuations de la salinité dans British Columbia. Die Salzgehalt-Fluktuationen climatic reconstruction. However, factors other les lacs des régions semi arides ont été consi- in den Seen halbtrockener Gebiete sind als Indi- than climate, including sedimentologic events, dérées comme étant des indicateurs de chan- katoren für paläoklimatische Veränderungen may also affect salinity. At Kilpoola Lake, early gements paléoclimatiques et en ont facilité la erkannt worden und haben wertvolles Beweis- postglacial freshwater chironomids (Microten- reconstitution. Toutefois, certains facteurs material bei der paläoklimatischen Rekonstruk- dipes, Sergentia, and Heterotrissocladius) autres que climatiques, y compris certains évé- tion geliefert. Indessen könnten auch andere als occur in the basal sediments and yield a chi- nements sédimentologiques, peuvent aussi klimatische Faktoren einschließlich sedimento- ronomid-inferred salinity of <0.03 g/l. Higher modifier la salinité. Au Kilpoola Lake, les chiro- logischer Ereignisse den Salzgehalt beeinflus- salinities, ranging from 1.0 to 3.5 g/l, with Cri- nomides d’eau douce du début du postglaciaire sen. Am Kilpoola-See treten frühe postglaziale cotopus/Orthocladius and Tanypus (chirono- (Microtendipes, Sergentia et Heterotrissocla- Frischwasser-Chironomidae (Microtendipes, mids typical of saline environments) follow dius), trouvés dans les sédiments de la base, Sergentia und Heterotrissocladius) in den Basal- and, persist for most of the remainder of the laissent présumer une salinité de < 0,03 g/l. Des Sedimenten auf, und ergeben einen durch Chi- Holocene. An inferred 450% salinity increase salinités plus élevées, de 1,0 à 3,5 g/l, avec Cri- ronomidae herbeigeführten Salzgehalt von (from 1.6 to 7.3 g/l) occurred in the sediment cotopus/Orthocladius et Tanypus (chironomi- <0.03 g/l. Höhere Salzgehalte, von 1.0 bis 3.5 g/ above the Mount Mazama tephra, followed by des caractéristiques des mileux salins) ont suivi l mit Cricotopus/Orthocladius und Tanypus (für a return to the pre- Mount Mazama salinity. et se sont maintenues presque tout le reste de salzhaltige Umwelt typische Chironomidae) fol- The early Holocene pollen spectra are typical l’Holocène. Les sédiments au-dessus du gen und dauern während des größten Teils der of open steppe, but the post- Mazama Artemi- tephra du mont Mazama ont enregistré une übrigen Holozän-Zeit. In den Sedimenten über sia pollen percentages are exceptionally high augmentation de la salinité de 450 % (de 1,6 à dem Tephra von Mount Mazama kam es zu and are associated with silty clays. Pollen 7,3 g/l), puis une diminution jusqu’à la salinité einem Salzgehaltanstieg um 450 % (von 1.6 bis spectra following this Artemisia peak repre- d’avant l’éruption du mont Mazama. Les spec- 7.3 g/l), worauf eine Senkung auf den Vor-Mount sent steppe communities and are consistent tres polliniques de l’Holocène inférieur sont Mazama-Salzgehalt folgte. Die Pollen-Spektren with regional trends. We suggest that the caractéristiques de la steppe ouverte, mais les aus dem frühen Holozän sind typisch für die changes in chironomid communities and veg- pourcentages d’Artemisia après l’éruption sont offene Steppe, jedoch ist der Nach-Mazama etation after deposition of the Mazama ash do exceptionnellement élevés et sont associés Artemisia Pollen-Gehalt auβerordentlich hoch not reflect a rapid shift to warmer or drier cli- aux argiles silteuses. Les spectres polliniques und wird mit schlammigem Lehm in Verbindung mate and evaporation, but rather an increased qui suivent le maximum d’Artemisia représen- gebracht. Die auf das Artemisia -Maximum fol- ionic concentration due to solutes derived from tent les communautés de la steppe et concor- genden Pollen-Spektren sind Steppen-Einhei- the freshly deposited tephra and perhaps in- dent avec les tendances régionales. Les ten und stimmen mit den regionalen Tendenzen washed silts and clays. auteurs croient que les changements observés überein. Wir glauben, dass die Wechsel in den dans la communauté des chironomides et la Chironomidae-Einheiten und in der Vegetation végétation après le dépôt de la cendre de nach der Ablagerung der Mazama-Asche keinen Mazama ne reflète pas un changement rapide schnellen Wechsel zu einem wärmeren oder vers un climat plus chaud et plus sec, mais plu- trockeneren Klima und Verdunstung spiegeln, tôt une augmentation de la concentration ioni- sondern vielmehr eine Zunahme der Ionen-Kon- que en raison de la présence de produits en zentration aufgrund von aufgelösten Elementen solution issus de la couche de tephra nouvel- aus dem neu abgelagerten Tephra und vielleicht lement déposée. ausgewaschenem Schlamm und Lehm. Manuscrit reçu le 14 avril 1998 ; manuscrit révisé accepté le 21 septembre 1998 * E-mail for corresponding author: [email protected] 212 M. L. HEINRICHS et al. INTRODUCTION Recent investigations have used multiproxy approaches to investigate glacial recession, the evolution of limnic systems, vegetation succession and response, and the timing and severity of climate change in the south-central interior of Brit- ish Columbia (Cumming et al., 1995; Evans, 1997; Hebda,
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