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DOGAMI Short Paper 8, Strategic and Critical Minerals: a Guide for Oregon

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DOGAMI Short Paper 8, Strategic and Critical Minerals: a Guide for Oregon STATE OF OREGON DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES 702 Woodlark Building Portland, Oregon G M I SHORT PAPI:R No. 8 STRATEGIC AND CRITICAL MINERALS A GUIDE lOR OREGON PROSPECTORS. By Lloyd w. Staples; Ph.D, A••latant Proteaaor ot Geology University ot Oregon . • STATE GOVIEIIINING BOAIIID W. H. ITRAYIER, CHAIIIMAN . BAKU ALBIEIIIT BURC:H MIEDP'OIID IE MACNAUGHTON ••• PDIIT\.ANO EARL K. NIXON DIIIIIECTOIII PRICIE 15 CIENTI I Oat lORD In noraal tia•• ao1t pro•p•otor• look tor gold, 1inoe that aetal u1ually otter• the �uiok••t reward and i• generally tither •a•1ly reoogn1�•d or the or• 1• •usoept• 1ble or •••Y detera1nat1on. Pro1peotor11 ln general, thus gain llttlt or no experl­ tno• with other •inerai• who•• peaoetlae aarkttl otter little tnoentlve tor ltaroh tor new depo1it1. Under war oondltion• th••• aineral11 needed tor produotion ot war aat­ erial•, beooae ot priae iaportanoe and an in1i1tent deaand i1 created tor intoraation oonoernins ooourrenoe11 aineral oharaoteri1tio11 u1e1 and aarket1. fhe Dtpartaent i1 publllhins thil paper to help aeet thil deaand in1otar &I Oreson i1 �ono�rned. Dr. Staple• 11 tlptoially qualititd to write on the lubJeot or 1trateg1o aineral1. In rtoent rear• auoh ot hll work, both 1n private praotioe and 1n teaohing1 hat been oonoerntd with thll tubJeot. It 11 boptd that tht paptr will bt ot aattrial &1111t&not to Oregon pro1ptotor1 &1 well al to 1aall operator• who have turned their attention troa gold aintns to thole alneral depo1it1 e11ential tor war netdl. It i1 believed that 1ohool1 will al1o t1nd the paper intoraatlve and tiaely. Earl K. Klxon Direotor Portland, Orecon Maroh 1'�2 Pas• I. INTRODUCTION. 1 Il. STRATEGIC METALS AND MINERALS 1. ALUIUNUI4. 4 Bo.UX1tl, 4 Alun1te, 5 H1sh Grade Claye • 5 2. ANTIMONY. 6 St1bnite • 6 3· CHROLIIUW. 7 Chroaite • 7 4. llANGANESE , . 10 Blaok Uansaneee Ores • . 11 . RhodoGhrooite. 12 5· NICKEL . 13 Ga rnier1te • . 14 6. QUICKSILVER {KERCURY) • . 15 Cinnabar • . 15 lhta.o1nn��obar • . 17 TIN . 17 1· Cauiterite. 17 Sta.nnito . 18 8. TUNGSTEN. 18 SGh.. Ute. 1� lfoltruite Group • . 20 �. KICA. 20 10. • QUARTZ CRYSTAL. 21 III. CRITICAL METALS AND MINERALS l. Asb ..toe, • 22 2. Cadaiua • . 22 3· Cryolite. .. • 22 4. i'1uorite. 22 5· Graphite. 22 Platlnua. 23 6. 7. T1tan1ua. • 24 8. Vanad1ull, . 24 ,. llrGon1ua • . • 24 IV. OTHER IUPORUNT llETALS AND lliNERALS 1. Kagnedua • 24 2. Copper, Lead, and Zino. 26 Berylllua • . 26 J. OREGON POTTERY ----··--- -··--··-·-· CLAY MINERAL LOCALITIES MAP 1 COAL � eo. � -·� _L1 0 'b '? ro qo •o qo - �-�..... !<1.-t- ' \ r J .I L, ?9...� I l J�TUHSUII L • I, s MOI.YIOOIUII • /!r.Z ( i ""1 j . CLAYS � -j r L Tllr.J RER ,MCTOIIY i._�- � �< "-) O ' CLAT L. .,...... 0 OUt CKS . ., ! . --1-G-.!I!!N...I!..! ��T� Y£11 -Co � I I · • . L.-· ---- -'til· -·- JJ�!!jt�J!k."-..,._.. r·. C.. �./r... -"l._l��twlk[---T' .J ,.__C0R1111CCW1A .--IIRI'll'-"'- 7</f# (�- ._ • OREFRAv�CLAY e(IIIS -· tiRAY[L .J�--__l,._t,"1... Hllll-f'R(CI l I / -1: IT- 0 I SAIIO Jo..,..v , OCL""' · .o...o�LV.I- OCOf't't:R . 0 �� �0 ! / I - OAIIT-Y L LtlltlfONE ZINC LE�:E.� - - -· �""1 --- COAL !hLJ:a..-�r--....� --'-·-."--'"'.. } HORSE HUYEII IIIINU � VALLEY Q · J 0.-rltll OllltO �.l I I :':>suoa j GOLD LVER,LOOE a PLACER IIIIAYt:L ? / / l · j ocoe IILYEII r _j.------l { ro:I' AL _...,.-....&roa-· l tiOl..O 1 i J LUO ZINC � _j L._. \ _ · / 1 lfl f-""!�te QUICKSILVER C.. j f ""'--,=:;;; j O A O lft.t,• I --- -� lliLidL��- ".... �..r -........ I T IIIITE L� \�HIIOIII ITE c.. -=- � i o·Q IAIIO �-o � I _ tAAYitL ....._ __. i oaatOIAII · A-........ · ;;.-;cE� h'1 i1 r -�-----l II(FRACT0OIIY CLAYS / \ . _.Jiir.t �----·--· _j I .-. -----r- ./"-·"'1., I · L" --- \ I I IIIITE O A O .r · 1 r , ·-t__ o--r1i __.o L.., --� ooL·o atLYER LEt/ ) • 1, MFRACTOII _j - · ·- � "u .lf.'� ·- ---\..·-·-·-·--·� i z7� r O I I j l..: , . PUMICE I\ I @ �-�--�r� \ j I OUICK&ILVEII '1 J \ 1I \ � / i \ I I I � 0 · Co. J OllteKn QUICKSILVER /1J.,,_; -! · I I ( \ I 0 i �()ALl � / SALIII[I \ i r · i 0 -� �2-Q�D� '- 0�� \1 · I i c .r '--· - - I a.._ / ._I, ffi ! ( �X"/)�� '- � ,, · 0\... ________ j - ! i � t--.......... �0 "PQUICKSILVU PUMICE 7 l � ·- P!tATT I NUM IIIAHGANEIE � ! 6 3 f./GOLD/,/ LODSILVER E PLA ER \ I \ I ! ! � 3'\. .,.-01 a q LAY 11 \ / ! ! i eHIIOMIT . I r . · I1. Ul hf'"\L INUTONE0 OSILICA t>� / I ! / ! ! \. b ! /�COAL I. I I IOftAX DIATOMITE \ \\. \ I ,J j I 0�=�� I i t. QUICKSILVE� CO. • 1- I 0COPPER. ,.-,,..-co- 11 i i! -All � ·· j: \\ CHII�Tt-'("- _, 0 I · -- - �- ·- j 0 �" _ _ -·�!'"�'-··-··-··-· · ��-- - --�---..J .....-_��-Nnt. .Unus... ---_Q·�·-··- PREPARED O.S.H.D ��.!!Slli!!!!!!b�. DATA FROM STATE DEPARTMEN\ OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES BY ________ 1. STRATEGIC AND CRITICAL MINERALS A Guide ror Oregon Prospeotora. INTRODUCTION The work ot diaoover1nl the •ineral dtpoaita or the United States hal talltn to the lot or the protpeotor during the dtvtlop•ent or th1a country, and with the oddl uaually ataoked high againat hi•, hi• pluok, initiative, in�uttry and tenacity have brought torth results that oould not be equalled by any organization or burt&l.l ever est&blished. Todl.y, during the national •••rgenoy, prospectors art combing tho hills as never before in &n attt•pt to un�over dtpoaita or mineral• that will aid our productive capacity. The writer hal been in oloae aaaociation with •any or these men, and baa had brol.lght strongly to hia attention their desire for •ore data regarding the type of aatorials needed by the nation, auoh a• how to recognize certain mineral•, what conat1tutea a coa•erc1al dtpoait, what to do with it when one is diacovered1 and where to tind aome literature on the subject that wol.lld caat further light on the mineralogy �d economic• of mineral• important in war. It hal been clearly shown in the cast or cinnabar that good depoaits were overlooked by proapectors looking for gold, aiaply becal.llt they had only gold in mind when they were prospecting. It they had been on tho alert for all valuable minerals that might appear, they could have diacovered dopoaits yielding a greater protit to them than the aubatance Thit paper ia an ettort to anawer the queation etten stated by the they wore seeking. 10 proapootor, "•hat else thould we look for?••. In addition to pointing out the metala that art greatly needed tor conducting the 10 war and the mineral• rrom which they are obtained, an attt�pt will be made to indicate placet in the state where one ia moa' likely to find auch ainerale, &I well as to outline the geological condition• under which they art uaually fol.lnd, and to include somethins re• garding tho market and price for the•• In litting the Oregon mineral looalitiea it shol.lld be noted that these do not neoeasarily represent commercial deposits, but may be places where only small amounts or the minerals are tol.lnd. In the belief that the best odd& and quickest returns in prospecting can be gained by working area• known to be mineralized, however elishtly, these localities are presented. For the purpose ot claasitication, the Ar� and Navy Kunitiona Board Commodltie• Di• vision has grouped t�sential war •aterials under two heading•: 1trategic and Gritical. According to this grol.lping, "strategic •aterials" are defined 11ts.,ential to national as defense, for the aupp�y or which in war, dependence must be plaoed in whole, or in Sl.lb•· stantial part, on sources outside the continental li•ita or the United States, and tor whioh atr1ct conservation and distribution oontrol measures will be neoeasary11• In con­ trast to this, crltioal aattrials are considered to be thoao 11oosontial to the national defen•e, the procurement problems of which in war would be less dirt1cult than those or atrategic •aterials either because they have a lesser degree ot esaentiality or are ob­ tainable in more adequate quantitiea from doaestio tources; and for which some degree or conservation and distribution control will be necessary", Only those materials that are dependent on the processing or mineral• will bt atud1ed in thia report. Thia will throw out Sl.lch 1•portant pr.odl.lcta a·s rubber and quinine, and limit the atudy to metals and minerals. The following is the list ot strategic and criti• cal •aterials which will be diacuased. 2. STRATEGIC CRITICAL 1. alu�ainu• plaUnu• 1. 2. 2. anti11ony vanadiull chroaium asbestos 3· 3· �- 11anganese (ferro grade �. graphite ) nickel cad11iu11 5· 5· qu1cksUver 6. titaniu• 6. 7· tin 7· cryolite 8. tungsten 8. fluorite mica ,. 10. quartz crystal Kagnesiu•, copper, lead, zinc, and berylliull will also be discussed briefly, Sinoe the original Ust ot 11stratea1c11 and 11critioal11 n�inerals was pub lished and pa.rticularly since war was declared, 11ost metals ha.ve beco11e critical insofar as adequate supplie s tor both war and ciYilian needs are concerned, Adequate supplies of copper and eteel, because ot their universal application, are especially i11portant. Priorities and allocations are now in force tor almost all or the n�etals {molybdenum and quiok11lver are notable exceptions , but the 1carcity in some cases ia tied up with lack ) of productive capacity rather than scarcity ot supply. It would be beyond the scope of thie paper to di eouss at length minerals ot which we have adequate known reserves, but which are restricted because of bottleneck• in plant capacity.
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