E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 105 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

Vol. 144 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, JANUARY 29, 1998 No. 3 House of Representatives The House was not in session today. Its next meeting will be held on Tuesday, February 3, 1998, at 12:30 p.m. Senate THURSDAY, JANUARY 29, 1998

The Senate met at 10 a.m., and was THE GUEST CHAPLAIN’S PRAYER two of those: He is a member of the called to order by the President pro Mr. COATS. Mr. President, we were University Board of Regents at Baylor tempore (Mr. THURMOND). privileged to be led in our opening University in Texas, and has been on The PRESIDENT pro tempore. To- prayer today by Reverend Dr. Neal the Executive Board of Prison Fellow- day’s prayer this morning will be given Jones, a fancy title for some of us who ship from its very inception. by the Reverend Neal Jones, the former know him as ‘‘Pastor Jones.’’ I think Reverend Jones has a gift of prayer, pastor for Columbia Baptist Church, ‘‘pastor’’ is probably the most affec- and, as we heard this morning, an elo- Falls Church, Virginia. We are pleased tionate and endearing term that any- quence in prayer. I hope someday, if he to have you with us. one can come up with in terms of some- has not already, that he will publish one that they feel close to and have those prayers because they are excep- tional. PRAYER had a relationship with. People know the Reverend Dr. Neal Jones as Pastor And he also has the gift of remem- The guest Chaplain, the Reverend Dr. Jones because of his dedicated service bering those with whom he has come in Neal Jones, Falls Church, Virginia, of- as pastor of Columbia Baptist Church contact with. Every once in a while I fered the following prayer: in Falls Church, Virginia, for many, will receive a note with a prayer at- Great God and Controller of the un- many years. He has been pastor to me tached to it personalized to me and to our family, ‘‘Just thinking of you, charted seas of tomorrow, grant us dis- and my family, the majority leader and wanted to share this thought, your cernible signals for our voyage. his family, the President pro tempore friend, Neal.’’ I think that speaks as and his family, and others of our col- Save us from floods of arrogance that much about Neal Jones as anything leagues in both the Senate and the drown our better judgement. Raise us else that I can say. above the undertows of cowardice that House. I think the Senate is privileged and ‘‘Pastor’’ is the appropriate word be- postpone justice. Remove us from the the Nation is privileged this morning cause of his love and his affection and cross currents of double motivations to have had him lead us in our opening his endearment that he has displayed that destroy character. Scrape away prayer. the accumulating barnacles from our toward us and our families. And we feel Mr. President, I yield the floor. exactly the same way about him. long season in strange waters. Guide us f between the glaciers that threaten an Dr. Jones is a graduate of Texas icy grave. Keep us from the fickle Christian University, and Southwest RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME waves of indecision causing stagnation. Baptist Theological Seminary. He has The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. ROB- Rescue us from pirate patrols and their been pastor of churches in Texas, but ERTS). Under the previous order, leader carefully planted mines that destroy the primary focus of his ministry has time is reserved. been with Columbia Baptist Church in our passengers. f Falls Church, Virginia going back as Above all else, Great God and Con- far as March of 1969. RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY troller of our uncharted seas of tomor- He is currently retired. It is a loss to LEADER row, we gladly trust You. You are the the people who have attended faith- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- Way where we sail. You are the truth fully over the years Columbia Baptist jority leader is recognized. by which we navigate. You are the Life Church. Mr. LOTT. Thank you, Mr. President. that makes the voyage joyful, purpose- But, again, to his dear wife, Betty, f ful, and helpful. Amen. and his family and his grandchildren, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The and the many organizations that he THE GUEST CHAPLAIN’S PRAYER distinguished Senator from Indiana is has been associated with and continues Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I, too, recognized. to be associated with—I will just name would like to join in extending my

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

S189

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VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S190 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 thanks to Dr. Neal Jones, and to ex- Tuesday or Wednesday or Thursday?’’ then we would expect cooperation in press my appreciation to him for what or, for that matter, late Monday after- return. he has meant in my own life and my noons or Friday mornings. We have On the Iraq resolution, this is an im- family’s life. legislative days this year that will portant resolution. This is a sensitive He was a pastor at Columbia Baptist probably add up to around 100 days and time. I think we should think about it Church. My family and I attended a lot of work to do—a lot of important carefully. There is no need to rush to there during the years that our chil- budget issues, infrastructure issues, judgment. We ought to talk about it. dren were in their teens, and it was a foreign policy issues that we can’t ig- We ought to think about it. We ought wonderful experience. As a matter of nore or delay. to make it clear what our concerns are fact, he baptized our daughter, our son, So I am not threatening. I am not about Saddam Hussein and the fact and even my wife. So I have a special complaining yet. This is the kickoff. that the inspectors are not in Iraq. We feeling in my heart for that church and We will get going here pretty quickly. need to think about its ramifications for the pastor. We are delighted to have But I am having difficulty getting Sen- not only for the region but the world. you here today. ators to be ready to go to work. I have We need our allies to be with us—not I, too, want to thank you for those at least four bills that we should con- just the British but the French, the little messages that I get at critical sider this week or next week, and for Russians, and the Chinese, and every- times in my life. Sometimes I am one reason or another I am being told, body else because this is a threat to under certain pressure, and Dr. Jones ‘‘Well, we are not quite ready.’’ the whole world. We need to make it seems to sense it. But he has a wonder- The recess is over. It is time for the clear that the present situation will ful message always at the end: ‘‘No re- class to get back to work, and let’s not stand. sponse necessary.’’ work to do that. This resolution that Senator Thank you, Dr. Jones, for all you do. Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, will DASCHLE and I have been working on, the majority leader yield? f as always you have to craft it with Mr. LOTT. I would be glad to yield to words of art. You have to make sure SCHEDULE the Senator from South Dakota, the that you have the right words in there. Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, this morn- Democratic leader. And we do not want to go beyond what ing the Senate will proceed to 2 hours Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I sym- is responsible. But I think that it is of morning business with several Sen- pathize with the majority leader’s timely. I think we would have been ators recognized for individual periods problem and tell him that I share the doing this resolution sometime in the of time. same frustration. I have had Senators first 2 weeks at the beginning of this At 12 noon it is my hope that the come to me this week who indicated year regardless of other events unre- Senate can consider the Ronald Reagan that they can’t be here on a particular lated to this. This is something that Airport naming bill and/or the Senate day this week. I have noted, while we the Senate usually does. concurrent resolution condemning will try to accommodate those prob- So again, I urge Senators to look this Iraq’s threat to international peace lems this week, that people need to be resolution over. Let’s do the respon- and security. It was my hope that the here. They need to be prepared to vote. sible thing and let’s do it very quickly. They need to recognize that we have minority leader would be able to enter We need to have a full discussion. We very limited time and that we have a into a reasonable time agreement on need to do it today. And we can do it lot of work ahead of us. We are not both of these issues which would allow again on Monday. But we should vote going to be able to do it if all we have for the debate to occur today and any on it on Tuesday. If not, it could be is Wednesday afternoon. But that in es- amendments and votes on those overrun by other events maybe not as sence seems to be the attitude: we will amendments and final passage to occur important. But we already have the try to do all of our work on Wednesday on the morning of Tuesday, February schedule set for Tuesday in terms of afternoons. That isn’t going to work 3rd. I am now informed at this point some debate and some votes on nomi- around here. nations. We have a couple of other bills that will not be possible. Therefore, Whether you are in the minority or those votes could occur today. that we are considering for next week. the majority, we have a lot of things Senator DASCHLE will work with me. Now, there are some ominous signs we know we must do. We can’t afford on the horizon that really bother me. And let’s just talk today about how we the luxury of having more and more of can proceed today and whether or not This is the first week that we are back. these scheduling conflicts and relegate It takes a little time to get back in the we know we are going to have votes the Nation’s business and the Senate’s today or when we can be assured we swing of things. I understand that. I business to Wednesday afternoon. know Senators didn’t expect a lot to will have votes on Tuesday morning. So I want to assure the majority Thank you, again, and I thank you, occur in terms of votes this week. But leader of my determination to see that already I have had numerous Senators Mr. President. we put in a full week, that we get the I yield the floor. come to me and say, ‘‘Oh, could we not work done, and that we try to accom- f have votes on Thursday? Certainly we plish all that I know he and the rest of will not have them on Friday and Mon- us would like to accomplish this year. MORNING BUSINESS day, and, by the way, I can’t vote on I thank him for yielding. The PRESIDING OFFICER. There Tuesday morning.’’ Mr. LOTT. I thank Senator DASCHLE will now be a period for the transaction There is a limit to how much the for his cooperation in this. This is not of morning business not to extend be- Democratic leader and I can cooperate just on one side of the aisle. We are yond the hour of 12 noon with Senators with Senators in protecting their both working this problem. We will ful- to speak for not to exceed 5 minutes schedules. I certainly have a record fill our obligation as leaders in ways each. However, under the previous that shows that I am sensitive to that. that have not always been the case order, the Senator from Nebraska, Mr. I would like for the Senate to work around here. HAGEL, is recognized to speak for up to during the daylight instead of night, Senators have already been told 20 minutes. for instance, and we achieved that to when they can expect to be in session The Senator from Nebraska is recog- some degree. But if every Senator or have recess periods for the whole nized. thinks that he or she can inconven- year. We will indicate as far in advance Mr. HAGEL. Mr. President, thank ience 99 Senators because they have as we can when we may not have a vote you. some little bit they want to do some- on Friday or Monday if we know for f where, that is not the way it is going sure, for instance, that there is a con- to work this year. They should not flicting conference. We will also try to TRIBUTE TO DR. TOM OSBORNE start out that way. have a legislative calendar that really Mr. HAGEL. Mr. President, this So I urge my colleagues on both sides shows the bills we are going to be deal- morning I come to the floor to recog- of the aisle, don’t do this. Don’t even ing with all year. nize a man who has lived the American come to leadership on both sides of the So we will give everybody as much ideals of integrity, courage and, leader- aisle and say, ‘‘Can you defer a vote on advance notice as we possibly can, and ship. This man, Mr. President, is Dr.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S191 Tom Osborne, head football coach of Tom Osborne loved coaching. It was coach or the fans. It was a fine start to the University of Nebraska his life. But he was more. He was more a remarkable 25-year career that until Cornhuskers. than just a coach. If you would ask any this January had included two national My good friend and Nebraska col- of his players, they would tell you that championships. league, former Governor of the State of he was a father figure, a good friend. In this, his final season, Coach Nebraska, Senator BOB KERREY, joins Osborne had many opportunities to Osborne led UNL to a perfect record. me in this recognition this morning. leave college football and coach in the His well drilled, well disciplined, well- I have also informed my good friends National Football League, but he never conditioned team played every minute, and colleague from the State of Michi- did. He had many opportunities to of every quarter, of every game with gan, where there seems to be some con- leave Nebraska, but he never did. He pride and determination. The 13–0 troversy as to which football team loved the coaching and the teaching as- Huskers played with the guts, grit and really was No. 1 at the end of the sea- sociated with college football. But determination of a champion. They son, Michigan or Nebraska, that I probably more than that, he loved the were rightfully honored as co-cham- would welcome their support in rec- opportunity to help his players grow pions, along with an impressive Univer- ognition as well. Quite honestly, and mentally and spiritually and become sity of Michigan squad, after thor- seriously, Mr. President, Senators outstanding citizens. As Coach Osborne oughly whipping the third ranked Uni- LEVIN and ABRAHAM have asked me to has said over his magnificent career, versity of Tennessee and their talented extend to Dr. Osborne their best wishes that in the end is all that counts. When quarterback Peyton Manning in the as well. Of course, with the distin- the game is over, it is over. But what Orange Bowl, on January 2nd. A fitting guished Presiding Officer being a lead- that young man does with his life at location to end his prestigious career er in the Kansas State Wildcats’ efforts the end of his football career is most and win a piece of a third national over the last few years, I, too, will add important; how he contributes to his championship. your good wishes for Dr. Osborne, and community, to his family and to his After the game, when asked about thank you, Mr. President. nation is most important. the co-championship possibility, Coach After 25 years as head coach, Tom The Nebraska football program will Osborne used the class and understate- Osborne has decided to retire and de- continue on successfully. There will be ment he is famous for in his answer: vote more of his time to his family and more national championships and con- ‘‘We had 13 games on our schedule and important voluntary organizations. ference titles, but Tom Osborne will we won 13 games.’’ Can’t argue with Tom Osborne has been a constant in not be at the helm. We all know that that! Nebraska sports history. In 1955, as a he will not be far away, however. When Ironic that he would end his career high school student in Hastings, NE, he spring football practice starts, we prob- on the same Orange Bowl field that saw was named the Omaha World Herald’s ably will not expect to see Coach the germination of his coaching legend. High School Athlete of the Year. He Osborne on campus. You might locate It was on that same field in 1984 that continued his success in athletics at Coach Osborne at a local fishing hole. Tom Osborne defied convention and Hastings College where he was a start- Tom Osborne will be remembered as risked the national championship by er on both the school’s football and one of the greatest college football forgoing a virtually guaranteed game basketball teams. Once again, in 1958, coaches ever to stroll up and down the tying extra point and a lock on the na- the Omaha World Herald honored him sidelines. His contributions to the Uni- tional championship, by electing to at- with the College Athlete of the Year versity of Nebraska and college foot- tempt a more risky two-point conver- award. ball will never be forgotten. When the sion for an outright win and an out- After a stint in the National Football reigning national co-champions run on right national title. I will spare the de- League with the San Francisco 49ers to Tom Osborne Field next fall in Me- tails of the failed attempt, and say and the Washington Redskins, he land- morial Stadium in Lincoln, there will only this: Tom Osborne gained more re- ed at the University of Nebraska in be something missing. The stoic figure spect in defeat, than many will ever 1962. Shortly thereafter, he joined the of Tom Osborne will not be roaming achieve with victory. now legendary football coach, the late the field guiding the Cornhuskers to I am sure I speak for Nebraska fans Bob Devaney, and coordinated the of- another victory, but his inspiration as well as Michigan fans—and indeed fense for Nebraska’s national cham- and his legacy will be present. all college football fans across the na- pionship teams in 1970 and 1971. In 1973 Thank you, Tom, for your leadership tion—when I say I would have loved to Tom took over from the retiring and your contributions. Thank you, see the two teams play one more col- Devaney as head coach of the Nebraska most importantly, for your character, lege football game this season. As a Cornhuskers. for serving as a role model for Amer- banner unfurled by a Nebraska fan at Tom Osborne made lasting impres- ica’s young people. You have inspired the Orange Bowl stated ‘‘Anytime. sions on his players and people of Ne- us all, and you will be missed. Anywhere.’’ braska and all of college football. His We all wish you well. We wish Nancy Through his dedication to the Uni- resume is unprecedented and essen- and your family much continued suc- versity, his staff and his players, Coach tially unbelievable—a 25-year record of cess, good health, happiness, and a lit- Osborne has brought pride and joy to 255 wins, 49 losses and 3 ties. Over the tle rest—and good fishing. our state, our university and to all Ne- past 5 years, his Cornhusker teams I thank the Chair. braskans. His unique qualities as a posted an NCAA record of 60 wins and Mr. President, I yield the floor. coach and person are his unwavering 3 losses. Coach Osborne led the Huskers Mr. KERREY. Mr. President, I rise faith and his dedication to the young to three national championships—1994, today in recognition of Tom Osborne, men who play for him. It is fitting he 1995 and 1997 in which the Huskers the recently retired head coach of the will be remembered for the man he is, shared the title, as I mentioned, with Division I–A collegiate football co-na- as much as for his abilities as a coach. the University of Michigan. Tom led tional champions—my alma mater— Keith Jackson, ABC-TV’s legendary the Huskers to 13 Big 8/Big 12 Con- the University of Nebraska, Lincoln. football announcer recently told the ference titles, 25 straight 9 win seasons In 1973, Tom Osborne replaced a Ne- Omaha World-Herald, ‘‘He’s a better and 25 straight bowl appearances. braska legend, Coach Bob Devaney. As man than he is a coach. His coaching With all these accomplishments by those of us who walk the halls of Con- speaks for itself. You can look up his his teams on the field, it should also be gress can attest, succeeding a legend is numbers in the record books. Less ob- noted that, under Coach Osborne, Ne- no easy task. vious is the way he lives. He’s a hu- braska had 46 first team academic All- But Coach Osborne immediately manist. Tom Osborne always felt he Americans and 201 academic all-con- proved himself worthy of the job in his could help people.’’ ference honorees, and the graduation rookie year with a sweet victory over Thank you, Tom Osborne, for all you rate of Osborne’s players leads and has UCLA. UCLA had ended the Huskers 32- have given the people of Nebraska. I sa- led the Big 8/Big 12 Conference and is game winning streak in the beginning lute you and applaud the 1997 Univer- ranked also as one of the highest grad- of the 1972 season, and the significance sity of Nebraska Football Huskers on a uation rates in the Nation. of this victory was not lost on the job well done.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S192 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 Mr. HAGEL. Mr. President, I suggest Hardest hit were dairy farmers. Al- before the arrival of warm weather, the absence of a quorum. ready struggling to make ends meet months of hard work to restore The PRESIDING OFFICER. The due to low milk prices, the ice storm Vermont to its pristine beauty is need- clerk will call the roll. left farms without power to milk their ed. And we will all be helping, I assure The assistant legislative clerk pro- cows. Cows need to be milked twice a you. ceeded to call the roll. day every day. At times, cows went for Mr. President, I yield the floor. Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, I ask hours and even days without being The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who unanimous consent that the order for milked. Fortunately one of the mis- seeks recognition? the quorum call be rescinded. sions of the National Guard was to get Mrs. HUTCHISON addressed the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without power generators to farms and to keep Chair. objection, it is so ordered. them running so that farmers could The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, I ask milk their cows and keep their milk ator from Texas. unanimous consent that I may proceed cool and preserve the health of the Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I for a period of time not to exceed 5 cows. would like to check on the status. I be- minutes. One unit of the National Guard be- lieve that under a previous order I have The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without came known as the ‘‘Mobile Milking 30 minutes reserved. Is that correct? objection, it is so ordered. The Senator Team’’—or the MMT, as is usual in the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- is recognized. military sector to have acronyms—by ator is correct. f going farm to farm with their genera- Mrs. HUTCHISON. Thank you, Mr. President. ICE STORM 1998 tors. However, despite the efforts to bring generators to farmers, for many f Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, win- the damage was already done. Because BOSNIA ter is only half over, and even though the margins are already so close for there has been some stormy weather many farmers, the loss of a single milk Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I here in the Nation’s Capital, sections check could mean staying in business asked for 30 minutes today because I of the Northeast experienced the ice or selling out. think it is very important that we ad- storm of the century, maybe the mil- Mr. President, the organized and vol- dress an issue that will be coming be- lennium, earlier this month. For 2 days unteer responses to this disaster were fore the Senate in the very near future. straight, freezing rain, snow and sleet incredible. The Vermont Petroleum As- It is an issue that has been brought battered the Champlain Valley of sociation, in conjunction with Mobile about by the President’s pronounce- Vermont, upstate New York and parts Oil and R.L. Vallee Petroleum, came to ment that he wants to keep our troops of New Hampshire, Maine and the the aid of the farmers and the home- in Bosnia in an undefined mission for Province of Quebec. owners who were relying on their gen- an undefined time. Tens of thousands of trees buckled erators to run their businesses and to Mr. President, I think that would be and shattered under the stress and heat their homes by graciously donat- a mistake for our country. I hope the weight of several inches of ice that ing 8,000 gallons of diesel fuel. Senate will focus on this issue. Indeed, coated their branches. Power lines Stories of Vermonters helping I hope the American people will focus were ripped down by falling branches Vermonters were commonly told on this issue, because it is going to set and the weight of the ice, leaving hun- throughout the disaster counties in the a precedent that I think is very bad. dreds of thousands of people without State. Utility companies worked long I do not want to pull up stakes and electricity for days and even weeks. In hours in the cold to help clear debris leave Bosnia without doing it in a re- fact, some are still without electricity. and restore power. Lines men and sponsible way. I think America has Roads were covered with ice and rivers women came from as far away as Ha- that responsibility. But in fact many of swelled and overflowed with heavy waii to help repair the damage. Let me us have asked the President to lay the rain. The crippling ice storm brought tell you, the ones from Hawaii had an groundwork with an established and activity in the area to a grinding halt. adventure they will never forget. clear mission that has a chance to suc- Just a few days after the storm, Sen- Vermonters also helped their neigh- ceed and a mission that has a finite ator LEAHY and I visited the hardest bors to the north just across the Cana- term so that both our allies and any hit areas of Vermont. The storm’s dam- dian border. Two weeks after the storm enemies of our cause would know ex- ages were the worst I have ever seen. In first hit, over 700,000 citizens in the actly what to expect from America. the Burlington area, 20 to 25 percent of Providence of Quebec were still with- But in fact both our allies and our ad- the trees in that city were toppled or out power and over 30,000 people were versaries could not possibly know what must be chopped down. Another 25 per- relying on meals from local food to expect from America because in fact cent were damaged. The storm also de- shelves. I teamed up with Cabot Cream- America has said it is going to leave stroyed sugar bushes and dropped trees ery and H.P. Hood to help get 20,000 twice and we have not left. In fairness, across hiking trails and snowmobile pounds of cheddar cheese, yogurt, and we have not left because we have not trails. cottage cheese and 1,000 cases of water laid a proper base to leave. Mr. President, local and State emer- so necessary through the many restric- What I am asking the President to gency officials acted quickly to help tions at the border to help feed the Ca- consider and what I would ask the their fellow Vermonters and to assess nadians who were driven from their American people to consider is starting the damage. Soon after the storm, the homes. Many Vermonters helped by the process of an honorable and respon- President declared six Vermont coun- sending firewood and heating oil. Thou- sible approach to Bosnia which in- ties a disaster. The response from sands of cords of wood were shipped cludes an honorable exit. FEMA was impressive, and I thank Di- over. Mr. President, we are looking at a rector James Witt for standing behind Mr. President, the citizens and trees time when our readiness is being called Vermont. of Vermont as well as upstate New into question. In fact, if you look at all Vermonters rallied, with the help of York, Maine and New Hampshire have of the responsibilities that America the National Guard, led by Adjutant suffered enough from this storm. Local has in the world, I think we are spend- General Martha Rainville, to help and State assistance will help commu- ing too much on Bosnia and therefore themselves and their neighbors. nities and individuals get back on their putting in jeopardy the security of the As the temperatures dropped below feet. But Federal relief is needed to en- United States in the future and the fu- zero days after the storm, with thou- sure that the disaster areas are not ture of our ability to respond to other sands still without power, volunteer overwhelmed by their recovery. places where America may have to re- firefighters, police officers and Na- I know I speak for Senator LEAHY spond even unilaterally. And, Mr. tional Guard troops and every able- and my colleagues from New York, President, that is not what we should bodied citizen came together working Maine and New Hampshire when I say be doing. day and night to help feed, heat and we all will do what we can to help. We I think it is most important that care for the people in their community. look forward to the coming spring. But America start with the issue of Bosnia,

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S193 address it in the way that America worse by the diversion of U.S. re- nia. Bosnia was supposed to be a 1-year should, and we must look at our over- sources and readiness in Bosnia and peacekeeping operation that would all responsibilities in the world. elsewhere. Policymakers in the Clinton keep the factions apart until their own The Bosnia operation has already di- administration have spent more time forces could come in and keep the verted nearly $8 billion from our na- discussing Haiti than China, more on peace from the ground up. They would tional defense. A growing lament at Bosnia than on missile defense. We are have local elections and general elec- the Pentagon among senior officers is not developing a policy that is going to tions for their national leadership. that we are in danger of returning to put our country in the best position to They would begin to resettle refugees. the hollow military of the late 1970s. deal with the myriad of issues that will Two years have gone by since Day- Let me list some of the indicators that face this country and our security in ton. I was in Brcko in August, one demonstrate that our military is once the next century. week before the eruption in Brcko in again at risk. The Clinton administration is miss- which U.S. troops were harmed. I was Last year, the military had its worst ing a big-picture view of the world and able to see how far we had come. It was recruiting year since 1979. The Army the proper role for the United States. my fourth trip to Bosnia, my sixth trip failed to meet its objective to recruit Our growing involvement in Bosnia is a in 2 years to the whole region. I’m infantry soldiers, the single most im- very good example of that. Just last going back next week with other con- portant specialty in the Army. week, U.S. forces were directly in- cerned Members of Congress. volved in tracking down and capturing A Senate Budget Committee investi- What I saw in Brcko was the reset- a war criminal who called himself ‘‘the gator recently reported finding serious tling of refugees who did not even meet Army-wide personnel and readiness Serb Hitler.’’ The Dayton accords made apprehen- their neighbors from the other fac- problems. At the National Training tions, even though they were living Center, where our troops go for ad- sion of war criminals a priority. But those agreements also made it clear next door to each other. The atrocities vanced training, units rotating in typi- committed right there in Brcko cally come with a 60 percent shortage that this responsibility would be the responsibility of the parties to Day- against thousands of Muslims are as in mechanics and often a 50 percent bad as anything I have ever heard re- shortage in infantry. These shortages ton—civilian police and Government officials. In fact, less than 1 year ago ported from the Nazi atrocities in were blamed on the fact that these per- World War II, and yet we are trying to sonnel, especially the mechanics, are the former NATO commander, George Joulwan, told the Congress this: say come and live together in the deployed abroad for missions such as American way. I have called this an at- Bosnia. The military are not policemen. And I think . . . the proper responsibility rests on tempt to Americanize the Balkans— More than 350 Air Force pilots turned multiethnic neighborhoods which we, down the $60,000 bonuses they would the parties. That is what Dayton says . . . [I]f we are not careful we will go down this thank goodness, do have in America— have received to remain in the cockpit slippery slope where the military will be put but forcing people to do this so pre- another 5 years. A 29 percent accept- in the position of hunting down war crimi- maturely could be antipeaceful. I think ance rate for the bonus compares with nals. This is not within my mandate. it is going to prolong the uprisings if 59 percent last year and 81 percent in That is Gen. George Joulwan speak- we try to force this before the people 1995. Mr. President, that is stark dif- ing. themselves are ready, before the ference. I joined with many of my colleagues wounds have healed from the atrocities The Air Force is finding, whatever in the Senate to oppose the decision to that have been committed. the perks, it cannot hold on to its best send our troops to Bosnia. One of our That is why I have suggested that pilots. Last year, about 500 pilots re- principal concerns was that, once perhaps it would be better to take one signed, most of them lured to the air- there, our mission would be indefinite step in between. Let the peace settle lines. This year, the number will top and it would lead to mission creep. We in. Let the economic development 700, and the Air Force says it is not were bolstered in our concerns by start. The geographic regions estab- able to train enough new pilots to re- former Secretary of Defense William lished by the conflict and endorsed by place them. Perry and former Chairman of the the Dayton accords are nearly 90 per- Recently, a lack of critical parts for Joint Chiefs Shalikashvili, who warned cent homogenous. The Bosnian state is F–16 aircraft forced two fighter squad- us that without a specific deadline for 90 percent Muslim. Srpska, the Serb rons in Italy to cannibalize grounded withdrawal, there would be the poten- part of Bosnia, is 95 percent Serb. Cro- aircraft to ensure they can continue to tial for expanding the mission. conduct the NATO peace enforcement I am concerned that Secretary Per- atia is almost exclusively Croatian. mission over Bosnia. ry’s warnings are coming true. While Within these divisions they are be- A Senate Budget Committee investi- we were in recess, the President an- ginning to be able to have a semblance gator also found that some small units nounced that thousands of U.S. troops of government, but they are not going are now being led by junior people be- would remain in Bosnia after the June to get economic stability if forced ref- cause sergeants are off on peace- 30 deadline, and remembering that the ugee settlement continues to cause fur- keeping duty. As a result, subunits, Senate had unanimously endorsed that ther conflict. from basic squads on up, do not train deadline of June 30, 1998, which his ad- The ‘‘elections’’ that they held last with the leaders that they would go to ministration had established. year were elections in which the voters war with, breaking the rule of ‘‘train After 240 U.S. Marines were killed in came in under armed guard. They just as you would go to war.’’ Lebanon in 1984, Defense Secretary voted for people who cannot live there. Since 1991, the United States has cut Caspar Weinberger established six prin- They left under armed guard and the its Armed Forces by about a third. It ciples upon which the decision to send people elected cannot serve. They are may be more difficult, more risky and U.S. ground troops should be based. themselves exiles from the regions possibly more costly to invade Iraq Here is what he said: they ‘‘represent.’’ We have declared again now. We are going to debate and The U.S. should not commit forces unless that a victory. Mr. President, people vote on a resolution today expressing the engagement is in our vital national in- elected by voters under armed guard, our support for the President’s strong terest. If we do commit forces, we should and the people elected are not even liv- actions toward Iraq. But the fact is, if have clearly defined political and military ing there is not what I consider an anything went wrong, we would have to objectives. We should know how those objec- election in our sense of the word. tives can be accomplished and we should There are other things that I hope we divert troops from every theater in the send the appropriate forces to complete the world to prevail. This is not the best objectives. We must constantly reassess and consider in trying to have a positive situation considering the heavy respon- adjust our relationship between our objec- approach to the situation we face sibilities that we have in other parts of tives and forces if necessary. The commit- today. There are a variety of condi- the world. ment of troops should be a last resort, not tions that I suggest would lay a ground Defense cuts of almost 50 percent the first. work for a peaceful situation in Bosnia, over the last decade have put our secu- We have violated virtually every one that would allow them to begin to grow rity at risk. But this has been made of Cap Weinberger’s principles in Bos- and build in economic stability, and in

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S194 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 which America could have an honor- deadline is important to avoid mission ited circumstances and only when able exit. Hopefully, our European al- creep. We have learned that before and there is a United States security issue lies and our Russian allies who are we should not forget that lesson. I before us. That is not the case in Bos- there on the ground, as well, would be think it is important that we continue nia. We must help the people of Bosnia able to leave the country in the hands to reassess Bosnia because this is lay- but not with continued presence of of its own people. ing the predicate for our responsibil- thousands of troops on the ground First, reconvene the Dayton parties ities and our actions in the world in when their place can be taken by the for a progress check. Be willing to the future. parties and the people who live in Bos- modify where it is necessary. Dayton I think it is possible to have a policy nia and who we hope will live in peace was certainly brought about by people that has a chance to succeed with hon- with our guidance for the years to who want to do the right thing. It is orable American involvement. I think come. not bad to say that we should come Americans will support a continued I yield the floor and I suggest the ab- back together and assess where we are troop commitment if it has a chance to sence of a quorum. 2 years later and modify, if necessary. succeed. Teddy Roosevelt was right. He The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. I think the administration could take said ‘‘America must speak softly and BURNS). The clerk will call the roll. the lead here. carry a big stick.’’ That is the role of The legislative clerk proceeded to Second, establish a civilian-led and a superpower. We don’t have to shout. call the roll. operated police training task force. Es- We do not have to have troops on the Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I ask unan- tablish a police training academy capa- ground at every civil uprising around imous consent that the order for the ble of graduating 500 police every quar- the world. If we do, we make enemies quorum call be rescinded. ter. A similar process was attempted in and we are in danger of doing that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Haiti. General Joulwan was a strong right now with the Serbs. We will be- objection, it is so ordered. supporter of this approach. come the focal point and the target of Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I have an Third, establish the remaining the hostilities and then we will be in a order at this time, is that correct? ground troops as a combined joint task situation where we will have to defend The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- force in accordance with the Presi- ourselves. We need to step back and act ator is correct. The Senator from West dent’s own partnership for peace initia- like a superpower. Virginia shall be recognized for 45 min- tive, originally under American com- Once we make a commitment we utes. mand, but to be turned over to allied must be willing to back it up and do Mr. BYRD. I thank the Chair. command within a specific period of what we say we are going to do. That is f months. This should include significant what is so important about acting GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE: THE participation by prospective NATO al- firmly in Iraq. We must be a good and KYOTO PROTOCOL lies—Poland, the Czech Republic and solid ally and we must be a feared and Hungary—as an opportunity to bear respected enemy. That is what a super- Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, the United the burden of post-cold war European power should be. We must realize our States completed a major round of security. place in the world. Make sure our de- international global climate change Four, require the administration to fenses are strong. Make sure we are not negotiations at Kyoto, Japan, on De- make a supplemental appropriations dissipating our resources to such an ex- cember 11, 1997. Senators and staff request for Bosnia of a specified dura- tent that we will not be there when members from the Senate Monitoring tion in advance of its spending the only we have the capacity to act. Group, created by the Senate leader- funds. Mr. President, this should not I will close with a quote from John ship in accord with the recommenda- come from our defense budget. We can- Quincy Adams when he was President, tion in Senate Resolution 98, adopted not take from our defense readiness to and it is still good today. ‘‘America last July 25, 1997, were included on the the tune of $3 billion a year and expect well knows, that while once enlisting U.S. delegation. The Senate was well to be able to keep a military that has under other banners than her own, she represented at the talks. The chairman a quality of life that would continue to will involve herself beyond extraction of the Monitoring Group, Senator attract our best and brightest, and it in all wars of interest and intrigue. The CHUCK HAGEL, as well as Senators JOHN most certainly should not take from fundamental maxims of her policy KERRY, JOHN CHAFEE, JOE LIEBERMAN, our strategic defenses for the future. would change from loyalty to force, MAX BAUCUS, and MIKE ENZI, dedicated Last, build a firewall between Bosnia wherever the standard of freedom and considerable time and effort there to operating funds and procurement and independence has been or will be un- understand the issues being debated research and development funds. It is furled there will America’s heart be. and to engage our negotiators on those very important that we begin to look She goes not abroad in search of mon- issues. They have reported mixed re- at letting the people of Bosnia have sters to destroy. She is a well wisher to sults at the negotiations. The U.S., to- some form of self-determination. With- the freedom and independence of all.’’ gether with the other 39 industrialized out conditioning our continued troop Mr. President, it is most important nations, agreed to specific, legally commitment to Bosnia, I’m afraid we that America not succumb to the binding targets for emissions of six are trying to put a round peg in a penchant for wanting to go out and get greenhouse gases. The United States square hole. We would be looking at involved in every conflict in the world agreed to a numerical target of reduc- American troops indefinitely. We but remember as a superpower we have ing greenhouse gases by 7 percent would be looking at a never-ending a unique capability to bring warring below 1990 during a budget period be- commitment, and we would be taking parties to the table because we are not tween 2008 and 2012. According to the resources that are vitally necessary for a party that is hostile to any nation. administration, this commitment is our own security and for our respon- Mr. President, we could lose that spe- actually about a 3 percent reduction sibilities around the world. cial status that we have in the world if below the 1990 emissions level after Mr. President, I think it is most im- we do not remain strong within our- other technical provisions of the pro- portant that we look at this issue of selves and we will not remain strong if tocol are included in the calculations. Bosnia and establish a policy that has we continue to dissipate our resources It should be noted, however, that the a chance to succeed. If the President so that our own readiness and our own administration has not yet provided would do that, I would be the first in strategic capabilities are in any way the economic analysis to demonstrate line to support the decision. As a mat- diminished. how their calculations result in a 3 per- ter of fact, I think keeping thousands I ask my colleagues to help in work- cent reduction, rather than 7 percent. of troops in a 30,000-troop enclave in ing with the President and this admin- The rules of this U.N.-sponsored con- Bosnia in perpetuity is not good mili- istration to pursue an honorable policy ference allow decisionmaking by con- tary strategy and is not based on a pol- with our allies in Bosnia, a policy that sensus. Therefore, only those provi- icy that has a chance to succeed. Re- has a chance to succeed and respects sions not subject to major dispute were member what General Shalikashvili the fact that when we put troops in included in the final protocol, and one said, and that is that having a defined harm’s way it is under the most lim- can say that the United States and all

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S195 the other countries which approved the there. I don’t need any scientific evi- tion clear, and it was an unambiguous protocol arrived at in Kyoto did so dence to impress that feeling upon me. ‘‘no’’! That was China’s answer. ‘‘No.’’ without dissent and without taking ac- But what the scientific evidence sug- The standard response from the devel- tual votes on its provisions. Under gests is that, should global warming oping world to our concerns is to argue these circumstances, it is understand- occur, by the time we have absolute that the industrialized nations should able that in some cases only broad con- confirmation that our planet is warm- make all of the reductions, because of cepts could be included, with the dev- ing, it might well be too late to take the developed world’s historically high ilish details deferred for later. There preventative action. For this reason, I levels of greenhouse gas emissions. The were a number of areas of achievement have been concerned about the threat developing world also points to our rel- for the United States, and I commend of global warming, and I believe that it ative wealth, and to their relative pov- the skill and persistence of our Amer- might be prudent to undertake cost-ef- erty, in arguing that we should shoul- ican negotiating team, led by Ambas- fective measures to deal with the risk der the entire financial and economic sador Stuart Eizenstat, for those suc- of climate change as a form of a global burden of all reductions. cesses. There were, however, some dis- insurance policy. However, it will do no But this argument is environ- appointing results, or even lack of re- good for the United States to take such mentally, and economically unsound. sults, and a number of important un- steps alone. First, as I have previously noted, the certainties that need to be resolved. The Byrd-Hagel resolution was emissions of the developing world will My colleagues should understand adopted by the Senate by a vote of 95– surpass those of the industrialized that the negotiations at Kyoto are not 0. It was adopted unanimously by the world in about 2015. After that point, perceived by the parties to be the end Senators who voted, and there were 95 the growth in developing world emis- of the story—far from it. The next present. sions is projected to overtake any major meeting of the parties, so-called The results of the Kyoto talks did emissions reductions that the industri- COP–4, will convene in Buenos Aires, not satisfy—with reference to the alized world might make. China, her- Argentina, in November of this year, Byrd-Hagel resolution—the two goals self—and China said ‘‘no’’ at Kyoto— after the elections. In the interim, that were agreed upon, in the context will become the largest emitter of CO2, there will be one or two preliminary of what I like to say was a unanimous carbon dioxide, in the world during the meetings, now scheduled to take place Senate adoption of the Byrd-Hagel res- first half of the next century, sur- in Bonn, at which time, hopefully, fur- olution. What were those two goals passing the United States. ther progress on the details of the gen- agreed upon in that resolution? I quote Second, I am concerned about the eral concepts agreed to at Kyoto, and from the resolution: emissions from the most advanced of on matters not yet resolved, might be That it is the sense of the Senate that—(1) the developing nations, countries like made. the United States should not be a signatory I am far from satisfied with the re- to any protocol to, or other agreement re- China, India, Brazil, Argentina and sults of the negotiations thus far, the garding, the United Nations Framework Con- Mexico, who are experiencing explosive goal of which is exceedingly ambitious vention on Climate Change of 1992, at nego- growth, and who are on their way to for it is no less than to positively con- tiations in Kyoto in December, 1997, or joining the club of industrialized coun- thereafter, which would—(A) mandate new tries. Even a marginal and even an in- trol man’s impact on the Earth’s cli- commitments to limit or reduce greenhouse mate. The dynamics of climate, the im- cremental increase in the standard of gas emissions for the annex I Parties, unless living for every resident of China will pact of man’s influence on it, its time- the protocol or other agreement also man- frames and thresholds and danger dates new specified scheduled commitments result in a huge increase in greenhouse points are still far from perfectly un- to limit or reduce greenhouse gas emissions emissions. While no one wants to deny derstood. It is still far from being per- for Developing country Parties within the the benefits of economic growth and fectly understood. It is certainly un- same compliance Period, or (B) Would result higher standards of living to anyone derstandable, then, that every goal in serious harm to the economy of the around the world, it is imperative that United States. sought was not totally achieved at China’s economic growth be coupled Kyoto, and that further study and Let’s read that again. This is what with the responsibility for its impact work are needed. Having said that, I the Byrd-Hagel resolution said, and it on the global environment. Cleaner believe that the consensus of most sci- was agreed to by a vote of 95–0 here in economic expansion is possible and entists who have examined the global the Senate. This is what it said insofar must be expected. And it is easier to warming issue, and certainly the large as the operative words are concerned: begin development with an eye toward majority who have participated in the That it is the sense of the Senate that—(1) the environmental situation than it is the United States should not be a signa- to take corrective action later. United Nations Intergovernmental tory—— Panel on Climate Change, have con- If progress is to be made this year in Should not add its name. cluded that the balance of evidence reaching a truly global agreement, it suggests that human activities are in- to any protocol to, or other agreement re- will occur only when the developing garding, the United Nations Framework Con- deed having a discernible and unfavor- world realizes that it is at risk from vention on Climate Change of 1992, at nego- the adverse consequences of climate able impact on global climate systems. tiations in Kyoto in December, 1997, or I accept the proposition that the poten- thereafter, which would—(A) mandate new change at least as much as we are. tial for serious climate disruption is commitments to limit or reduce greenhouse Most studies indicate that these na- real and that the global community gas emissions for the annex I Parties, unless tions are, in fact, at greater risk—at must respond at an appropriate pace in the protocol or other agreement also man- greater risk—than the advanced coun- accordance with scientific evidence as dates new specified scheduled commitments tries. it its developing. to limit or reduce greenhouse gas emissions Since atmospheric warming is a glob- for Developing country Parties within the Now, Mr. President, I am not a sci- same compliance Period, or (B) Would result al problem, without the responsible ac- entist, of course, and I am not a physi- in serious harm to the economy of the tion by key developing countries, we cist. But as Benjamin Franklin said at United States. will not have a global solution, and we the Constitutional Convention in 1787, Mr. President, the Kyoto protocol did will not solve the global problem. It ‘‘I have lived a long time.’’ I am seeing not meet either of these two Senate makes little sense for the developed some changes in the weather system, standards. countries to penalize themselves for an in the climatic system. It seems to me, Regarding Developing Country com- outcome which will be unsuccessful. As very clearly, that the summers are hot- mitments, part A, the developing coun- I wrote to the President on December ter and the winters, at some points, tries, the so-called Group of 77 plus 15, 1997, binding commitments for de- certainly are warmer, and that floods China, steadfastly and adamantly re- veloping nations should be paced ac- more often occur, that storms ravage fused to accept binding commitments cording to the ability of each country parts of our country more often. There such as were entered into by the devel- to achieve greenhouse gas emission seem to be more droughts, more disas- oped countries, the industrialized coun- limitations appropriate to its national ters that strike our land. And so I just tries, or Annex I countries, in the circumstances and economic growth. sense that something is going on out Kyoto protocol. China made her posi- These limitations could be gradually

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S196 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 implemented. Whether such commit- The U.S. won some victories. What Based on projections of the growth of ments are in fact appropriate and rep- were they? emissions using current technologies resent best effort by each nation, will First, free market mechanisms, and processes, the United States, in not be difficult to discern. As the say- called Emissions Trading and Joint Im- order to meet these goals, would have ing goes, we will know it when we see plementation, pushed strongly by the to reduce our overall GHG emissions it. For the moment, there is nothing to United States, were agreed to after dif- more than 30 percent below where they be seen from the developing nation ficult debate. This was a substantial would otherwise be in the 2008–2012 quarter. So, it will be the task of the American victory. The purpose of these commitment period. Reducing pro- Administration to bring those key mechanisms is to allow advanced na- jected emissions by a national figure of greenhouse gas (GHG) emitting nations tions and their industries to satisfy one-third does not seem plausible with- into legally binding commitments dur- their requirement for emissions limita- out a robust emissions trading and ing the same compliance period that tions by sharing, buying and selling joint implementation framework. has been agreed upon by the advanced credits internationally, and to fulfill The rules as to how these mecha- nations, that is, the period 2008–2012. part of their obligations by assisting nisms will work will be the subject of Mr. President, I also remain con- developing nations in developing clean- negotiation, and American industry, cerned about whether the agreement er technologies and conservation. the environmental community, and the reached in Kyoto meets the second These mechanisms are based on the en- Senate will be intensely interested in standard set by the Byrd-Hagel resolu- vironmental reality that cutting green- how they are developed. Because these tions, S. Res. 98, namely, that its im- house gases anywhere on earth reduces market mechanisms could lower the plementation would not result in seri- the global concentration of greenhouse cost of compliance with a treaty, I en- ous harm to our economy. Since the gases virtually everywhere on our plan- courage the Administration to solicit the opinions and support of the busi- impact of the agreement on the U.S. et. It therefore makes economic sense ness and environmental communities economy is not now clearly under- to reduce those emissions wherever it in this regard. Our business community stood, we cannot rule out the likeli- is most cost effective to do so. Emis- is uniquely qualified to comment on hood of such damage. It is critical that sions trading will allow the industri- alized nations to buy and sell credits this subject, and it is in the economic our nation, and the Senate, understand self interest of U.S. industry to assist the probable costs of these specific ac- that will be created by the most cost effective reductions of greenhouse in the creation of strong, robust, and tions proposed to address global cli- flexible rules for emissions trading and mate change, as well as the possible gases. Through emissions trading, in- dustrialized nations may transfer to, or joint implementation in order to lower consequence of taking no action. the cost of implementing any climate acquire from, another country party What is the cost? What is the cost, if change treaty which might be sub- emission reduction credits resulting no action is taken? What is the cost if mitted to the Senate. Indeed, I hope from projects aimed at reducing green- certain actions are taken? that the Administration will provide The administration has not yet pre- house gases for the purpose of meeting its own concept of how these mecha- sented a comprehensive economic anal- its commitments under the treaty. nisms should be implemented as soon A further mechanism, called joint ysis, sector by sector, regarding the as possible, so that support for this implementation, or the Clean Develop- impact of the Kyoto decision on our crucial set of procedures and rules can ment Mechanism (CDM), was included, economy. Without such an assessment, be developed. understood in detail, the Kyoto agree- at the urging of the U.S. negotiating There is also some controversy as to ment’s impact on autos, on the coal in- team, by which industrialized coun- whether forest conservation projects dustry, on steel, on aluminum, on ce- tries can earn credits by contributing will be allowed under the rules on these ment, on the oil industry, on con- financially to projects in developing mechanisms. That is, for example, if an sumers, on builders, on people of vary- countries. These projects would involve American company helps to preserve ing income levels, there would be little industries and utilities in the devel- endangered forests or other natural sense in the Senate’s even debating the oping world that are far less efficient carbon sinks in a developing country, protocol. than ours, and that create more pollu- it could earn credit for that activity. The lack of satisfaction on either tion. By helping to bring polluting And I support that concept, but it was count of the S. Res. 98 standards—as I plants up to U.S. standards, industries controversial in Kyoto. Senators need say, there are two of them—means the can earn credits while sharing our pol- to hear from the Administration re- Kyoto protocol fall short, and there lution-reduction technologies and pro- garding whether such conservation would be virtually no chance of secur- duction processes. We can maximize projects will be included, or whether ing the approval of two-thirds of the our ‘‘bang for the buck,’’ by reducing further negotiations are needed to in- Senate were the President to decide to greenhouse gases to a far greater de- clude them. submit it for such approval. The Presi- gree than it would be possible in the A second major achievement by the dent has already indicated his agree- U.S. alone, and earn credits for doing American negotiating team in Kyoto ment with this assessment, and I be- so, which would partially offset the was the inclusion of a provision allow- lieve that he agrees that the decisions cost of our reductions at home. ing the purchase of emissions allow- of the conference are just the first part While we can applaud the inclusion of ances from Russia, which will assist in of an ongoing work in progress which these market mechanisms in the Kyoto lowering the cost of U.S. compliance to will continue over 1998 and perhaps be- protocol, we do not yet know how they a protocol. This allowance is partly the yond, until a comprehensive, effective, will work, to what extent they will be result of the substantial downturn of and understandable agreement is overlaid by bureaucracies with their the Russian economy in recent years. reached that would be worthy of Sen- own agendas. We should want the max- While this provision has been criticized ate consideration. imum freedom of action for American as a kind of windfall, it is no different On the positive side, the U.S. negoti- companies to make arrangements with from a similar mechanism that has ating team deserves our commendation foreign partners without an over- been insisted upon by the European for sticking to certain central prin- bearing presence and pressure by inter- Union, that is, the creation of a so- ciples, which were incorporated into national bureaucrats or bodies, because called European bubble, which allows the protocol as agreed to in Kyoto. The the role and rules of the game for pri- all of Europe to reap the benefits of negotiations were tough, grueling and vate companies are central to the via- emissions reductions as the East Ger- long. Nonetheless, it was the United bility of any trading scheme. The ro- man economy is modernized, and, in States, led by Under Secretary bust development of market mecha- the United Kingdom, as the north sea Eizenstat, that obtained agreement on nisms that are flexible and give max- gas fields came on line to supplant coal many of our most important priorities, imum freedom of choice and action by fired utilities. in direct contrast to the Europeans, American industry is important. They The first budget period in the Kyoto who witnessed the rejection of almost will be needed if the United States can agreement covers the years 2008–2012. all of their more draconian and eco- even hope to meet the emissions reduc- This was strongly opposed by the Euro- nomically harmful ideas. tions targets it has agreed to at Kyoto. pean Union and the developing world as

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S197 being too weak, despite the fact that tration computed its estimate of a 3 of tax incentives and research and de- anything less would severely harm not percent reduction once the 1995 base- velopment projects. I note that some of only the U.S. economy, but also that of line for 3 gases is included, and the this R & D has already been completed, the Europeans. The 2008–2012 decision more generous definitions of sinks. I namely in the area of clean coal tech- allows more time for smoother transi- still have not seen any hard numbers nology. Fifty percent of the power gen- tions by U.S. industry to the require- on how this estimate was calculated, or erated in this country comes from coal- ments included in the Kyoto protocol. what the estimated impact of this re- fired boilers, and coal will continue as Decisions of the parties to the con- duction target would be on the U.S. a significant factor in our energy mix ference about protections for emissions economy. for years to come. As a result of pro- originating from national security ac- So, the target cannot be evaluated as grams that I have actively supported tivities—such as U.S. bases abroad or good, bad, or otherwise. The Senate for the last decade, a wide range of U.S. forces on deployment, and U.S. will just have to withhold judgment. I clean coal technologies has been devel- forces in joint and multilateral task hope that the economic case will be oped that result in the more efficient forces—were included in the discussion. presented in detail at hearings that I burning of coal—which directly reduces As this is a matter of concern to many know the committees of jurisdiction carbon dioxide emissions. I note that Senators, I shall ask later that an arti- will be holding over the next few these R & D projects were fifty percent cle from the January 1, 1998, Wash- months. Good, sound answers are need- cost-shared by industry. While this ington Post which elaborates on this ed. The American people deserve to technology has been tested in some point be included in the RECORD. I know what changes, if any, in their life pilot projects, it continues to be expen- point out that no other negotiating styles will be required to meet the sive to install on a small scale. Only its team, from any other country, even in- Kyoto commitments; what sacrifices, if widespread implementation will lower cluded representatives from its defense any, will have to be made; what new the per-unit cost of manufacturing and ministries to Kyoto. Only the United technologies will need to be developed installing such clean coal units. States did this. Thus, our national se- and put into place; what shifts in our I have had many conversations with curity operations appear to have been national fuel mix would be con- representatives of the coal and utility protected in the accord. templated; and many other questions industry about various approaches that The U.S. negotiating team was able dealing with national implementation could be used to encourage the con- to have included all six greenhouse of such commitments. struction of clean coal units, as well as gases, including three synthetic sub- The details on the market mecha- the need to continue research and de- stitutes for ozone-depleting CFC’s, nisms have not been worked out, and velopment. I urge the Administration which, while small in total volume, so we need to create the details of a re- to also discuss these issues with coal- nonetheless have a significantly higher gime for trading, technology transfer, fired utilities, and to support a variety capability to trap heat, and over time and mutually-agreed-upon projects of such initiatives. We should also be will become more significant. There across the globe. How will such concerned about the huge number of was strong resistance on the part of schemes evolve? some nations to the inclusion of these Third, the protocol leaves to the fu- coal-fired power plants that China is three gases because of their utility in ture such vital issues as compliance, projected to build during the next two high technology, but the U.S. position monitoring, and enforcement meas- decades, and we should consider initia- prevailed in this matter as well, with ures. For a binding international sys- tives to encourage China and the other the assent of significantly affected U.S. tem to be effective, it is elementary big emitters to use only the most effi- industries. that it be fair and enforceable. Ameri- cient and effective clean coal tech- Despite these successes, there were, cans take their commitments seri- nology. Mr. President, the canvas that was as I have indicated, some shortfalls. ously, and abide by their promises, but First, despite the best efforts of Am- the same cannot always be said for all created at Kyoto is only partly painted bassador Eizenstat and his very com- other parties. Therefore, a system of in. It is a work in progress, and there is petent team, the United States was not effective procedures that monitors the ample time to do the job right. I hope that the President will not able to get agreement on the Adminis- compliance of all parties with their ob- sign his name to the protocol at this tration’s goal of reducing U.S. emis- ligations; and effective enforcement, point. There is plenty of time to do sions to the 1990 level. This was the presumably with some form of penalty that over the next year. Let us wait overall target announced by President system for compliance, are clearly re- and see what the next November meet- Clinton when he unveiled his policy to- quired. The emissions trading credit ward the talks last October. The Euro- system will be denominated in dollars, ing will produce and what can be ac- peans insisted upon a reduction of 15 and the potential for fraud must be re- complished in the meantime. I am con- percent below 1990 levels, and the de- duced to minimal levels for the system cerned that if the President signs this veloping world wanted an eventual re- to work. protocol at this point, it will com- duction of 30 percent below 1990. Fourth, the scientific community promise his flexibility in dealing with The final agreement includes a re- needs to conduct even more research the developing countries over the next duction target of 7 percent below 1990 into climate change. There are many year. There is plenty of time to sign. for three greenhouse gases, and 7 per- unanswered questions as to the rate The developing countries might mis- cent below 1995 for the other three and effects of climate change. We do interpret the signature of the Presi- gases. In addition, a more generous def- not yet know, for instance, the role of dent on the protocol at this time. They inition of carbon sinks was included. clouds, which seems to me to be rather may think: ‘‘Oh, you see, he has talked The Administration calculates that the fundamental. We do not know whether tough, but he is signing his name.’’ And change to a 1995 baseline for three syn- climate changes will be gradual or ab- they may be induced thereby to hold thetic greenhouse gases, coupled with rupt. out and to more stubbornly resist, the inclusion of additional potential It is now up to the Administration to more stubbornly resist taking actions carbon sinks, results in an actual re- roll up its sleeves and map the road and committing themselves to join duction target for the United States of from here. First, the details of the con- with developed countries in a specific approximately 3 percent below 1990 lev- cepts agreed to at Kyoto must be devel- regime to provide a global solution. els. This agreement, I note, should be oped in close cooperation with the in- I have outlined what I think are the viewed in the context of the broader dustrial and environmental and con- commendable series of achievements negotiations. While the U.S. did not sumer groups that are affected. Second, by our negotiators in the face of rather achieve its original goal of a flat reduc- a program is needed to demonstrate hostile negotiating partners from both tion to 1990 levels, the final agreement how the implementation of commit- the developing world and the European of approximately 3 percent is a far cry ments we agreed to in Kyoto would be Union. Much remains to be done. The from the 15 percent reduction de- achieved, and what the effects through- goal of the negotiations is the most manded by the Europeans. out our economy may be. challenging ever conceived and under- However, I have not yet seen any As part of that program, the Admin- taken in the international environ- firm analysis as to how the Adminis- istration is expected to propose a range mental area. The glass may not be even

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S198 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 half full, but the forum for filling it U.N. conference in Bonn, Germany, where it binding commitments to be executed to- with the most palatable liquid we can drew initial skepticism from some European gether with the industrialized nations. Such fashion is available throughout this allies. When debated at the 159-nation Kyoto commitments should be paced together ac- year and beyond that, if we have but conference, the proposal was strongly pro- cording to the ability of each country to tested by Iraq—and, initially, by Russia. achieve greenhouse gas emission limitations the tenacity and the imagination and Iraq, one of the few nations to experience appropriate to its national circumstances the will to persevere. the full brunt of the kind of U.N.-sponsored and economic growth, and could be gradually Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- ‘‘multilateral operation’’ the American plan implemented. In the absence of simultaneous sent that the Washington Post article envisions, could have blocked the proposal legally binding commitments by key devel- and my December 16, 1997 letter to under conference rules that require all deci- oping countries to grow in an environ- President Clinton be printed in the sions to be approved by consensus. But in a mentally sound way, there will not be an ef- RECORD. bit of diplomatic sleight-of-hand, the con- fective restriction of worldwide greenhouse There being no objection, the mate- ference chairman gaveled the rules through gas emissions. Consequently, there would be rial was ordered to be printed in the after the Iraqi delegation had left the con- little prospect of treaty approval in the U.S. ference room. Senate. RECORD, as follows: U.S. environmental groups, which have I am also concerned about whether the [From the Washington Post, Jan. 1, 1998] generally applauded the Kyoto agreement, agreement meets the second standard set by KYOTO PACT INCLUDES A PENTAGON EXEMP- complain that the exemption is overly broad S. Res. 98, that its implementation would TION—ARMED FORCES PERMITTED TO POL- because it applies to commercial inter- not result in serious harm to our economy. LUTE DURING SOME OVERSEAS MISSIONS national carriers as well as military ships Since the impact of the agreement on the (By Joby Warrick) and planes. Climate negotiators left for a fu- U.S. economy is not now clearly understood, The global warming treaty negotiated in ture conference the complicated task of ap- we cannot yet rule out the possibility of Japan last month could lead to tougher pol- portioning responsibility for emissions by such damage. It is critical that our nation lution controls on everything from mopeds commercial airlines. understands the probable costs of these spe- to Mack trucks, but at least one major emit- ‘‘It’s a pretty big loophole,’’ the Natural cific actions proposed to address global cli- ter has managed to reserve its right to pol- Resources Defense Council’s Dan Lashof mate change, as well as the probable con- lute: the Pentagon. said. sequences of taking no action. A little-noticed provision in the treaty It might have been even bigger. The Clin- Given the incomplete nature of the Kyoto gives the armed forces of any country a free ton administration considered exempting agreement, I believe that it would be prudent pass to emit greenhouse gases during certain armed forces from the rules altogether, but for you to withhold your signature until a overseas military operations, an exemption then rejected the idea. The reason, sources more comprehensive treaty is arrived at secured by U.S. negotiators in the final said, was the Defense Department’s remark- which would be more deserving of Senate ap- hours of the Kyoto climate summit despite ably strong performance in cutting its own proval. Nevertheless, with these caveats, a objections from Iraq and Russia. emissions over the past decade—an achieve- major new beginning has been achieved in The exemption was pushed through, at the ment attributed both to military downsizing addressing the long-term problem of global Defense Department’s insistence, to ensure and improvements in energy efficiency. warming. I look forward to receiving the that international police actions and human- Unless the Pentagon’s gains are factored commitment of nations such as China, India, itarian missions remain unfettered by future in, they said, the United States might have Indonesia, Mexico, South Korea, and Argen- curbs on fossil-fuel emissions, administra- a much tougher time meeting its obligations tina to join us in this effort in the near fu- tion sources said. The climate treaty, which for reducing emissions. ture. must be ratified by national governments to Many on both sides of this issue have been U.S. SENATE, become law, would force the world’s devel- quick to register their displeasure with the COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS, oped countries to sharply reduce their out- Kyoto agreement. It has been denounced by put of greenhouse gases over the next two Washington, DC, December 16, 1997. some environmentalists for not going far Hon. WILLIAM J. CLINTON, decades or face sanctions. enough, and by some in industry for going ‘‘It was the one issue the Pentagon cared President of the United States, too far. While it is regrettable that we were most about, and we did well on it,’’ said a The White House, Washington, D.C. not able to reach an agreement with the de- DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I am writing to com- U.S. official who participated in the talks. veloping world in Kyoto, it seems clear that mend the skill and persistence with which The exemption is spelled out in two sen- we did gain acceptance on a number of im- your negotiators, Ambassador Stuart tences of a technical paper that was ratified portant U.S. objectives. Therefore, I recog- Eizenstat and his team, represented the Dec. 11, at the close of the all-night negoti- nize that this is a worthwhile work in United States at the recently concluded cli- ating session that produced the world’s first progress, and that a durable and effective so- mate conference in Kyoto, Japan. I view the binding agreement on combating global lution to global climate protection, one decisions of the conference as the first part warming. One sentence says fossil fuels used which provides sustained economic growth of an ongoing work in progress which should by ships and aircraft in ‘‘international trans- and clean development for all countries, will continue in Buenos Aires next fall and fi- port’’ cannot be counted against a country. require a step-by-step approach. I welcome nally, hopefully, culminate in an effective The other sentence exempts all ‘‘multilat- the announcement by the Administration global treaty to control greenhouse gases. eral operations’’ conducted under a United that you consider the Kyoto agreement to be Nations umbrella. While I await an official, comprehensive report from your Administration on the de- but the first step in a framework or architec- In practice, the exclusions would apply to ture to continue the negotiations, on the military vessels headed toward overseas tails and economic impacts of the Kyoto agreement, I would like to share a few obser- basis that this is a global problem requiring staging areas or participating in such oper- global solutions. ations as the recent relief mission to Soma- vations at the outset of this important post- Kyoto period. I believe that the potential for I look forward to working with the Admin- lia or the U.S.-led war against Iraq. istration as the process of negotiating an ac- The exemptions offer obvious benefits for serious climate disruption is real and that the global community must respond at an ceptable international agreement proceeds the United States, which is both the world’s over the next year. only superpower and the largest single emit- appropriate pace in accordance with sci- entific evidence. Ambassador Eizenstat has Sincerely yours, ter of greenhouse gases, But U.S. negotiators ROBERT C. BYRD. said they were motivated mainly by a desire indicated that a number of key U.S. prior- to eliminate a potential alliance-breaker. In ities were agreed to at the negotiations, in- Mr. SPECTER addressed the Chair. the future, they said, countries might refuse cluding emissions trading and voluntary The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. to join the United States in sending armies projects between industrialized and devel- DEWINE). The Senator from Pennsyl- to world hot spots if it meant blowing their oping countries; reduction targets for man- vania. limits on greenhouse gas emissions. made emissions of all greenhouse gases; in- Mr. SPECTER. Mr. President, at the ‘‘We didn’t want to create a disincentive centives for worldwide forest preservation; outset I congratulate our distinguished for future humanitarian operations,’’ said and incentives for early emissions reduction. one military source who spoke on the condi- These are the direct result of American pro- colleague, Senator BYRD, for, as usual, tion of anonymity. posals, and are milestones on the road to a very erudite and well-thought-out In fighting for the exemption, the Clinton cost-effective restrictions of greenhouse gas statement. When I entered the Cham- administration also may have been seeking emissions on a global basis. These features ber, I saw Senator BYRD speaking, and to deny Republican critics a potent weapon are intended to reduce economic dislocations I saw a thick sheaf of papers. I was glad in their battle to defeat the accord. For sev- and maximize the use of new technologies to have the opportunity to listen to and free market mechanisms. eral months leading up to the Kyoto summit, Senator BYRD’s presentation because However, of paramount concern is that the conservative groups had argued that a global he is more than the conscience of the warming treaty would undermine national agreement reached in Kyoto does not meet security by weakening military training. the first standard set by the Senate in S. Senate; he is the intellect of the Sen- The idea of a military exemption was first Res. 98, namely that the biggest emitters in ate and a great tribute to this body. So floated by U.S. negotiators in October at a the developing world have not yet agreed to I congratulate Senator BYRD.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S199 Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I thank the Union address was ‘‘save Social Se- according to the Greenspan Commis- the distinguished Senator. I could de- curity first.’’ The quickest way to save sion, baby boomers were to be cared for liver a very appropriate encomium. I Social Security is to stop looting So- with Social Security through the year could say many appropriate things cial Security. Over the years, we have 2056. To show that, I ask unanimous with respect to the ability of the dis- looted the Social Security trust fund consent that section 21 be printed in tinguished Senator from Pennsylvania. with wild abandon; we owe it to the the RECORD. He is a great friend of mine. I have tre- tune of some $631 billion right this There being no objection, the mate- mendous respect for his knowledge in minute. It should be a $631 billion sur- rial was ordered to be printed in the the field of law, and I always listen plus. But actually, since Congress has RECORD, as follows: when he speaks. I thank him for his expended it on foreign aid, defense, very kind and overly charitable re- food stamps, and other programs in SOCIAL SECURITY AND THE UNIFIED BUDGET marks. order to appear fiscally responsible, (21) A majority of the members of the Na- Mr. SPECTER. Mr. President, I there is a deficit in Social Security. tional Commission recommends that the op- thank my distinguished colleague for I see now from the Congressional erations of the OASI, DI, HI, and SMI Trust that reply. I have been in this body, Budget Office, and I take it from the Funds should be removed from the unified now, going on 18 years. Senator BYRD President’s budget to be submitted budget. Some of those who do not support and I have been able to maintain a next Monday, that the CBO, along with this recommendation believe that the situa- long, unguarded border between south- the Congress and the President, is pre- tion would be adequately handled if the oper- ern Pennsylvania and West Virginia be- pared, again, to go forward with this ations of the Social Security program were nonsense of a unified budget. The uni- displayed within the present unified Federal cause we maintain that friendship be- budget as a separate budget function, apart tween the two States. fied budget is a fraud. It allows Con- from other income security programs. THE PRESIDING OFFICER. The gress to spend money but get credit for Senator from Pennsylvania is recog- not spending money. Only here do fis- Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, sec- nized. cally irresponsible people get a good tion 21 says take Social Security off Mr. SPECTER. I thank the Chair. government award. the unified budget and record it as a separate trust fund. (The remarks of Mr. SPECTER per- Let’s think back a minute on Presi- taining to the introduction of S. Res. dent Lyndon Johnson, because the con- I also ask unanimous consent that 170 are located in today’s RECORD under sensus is, ‘‘President Johnson changed section 13301 of the Budget Act be ‘‘Submission of Concurrent and Senate government accounting procedures and printed in the RECORD. Resolutions.’’) created the concept and introduced the use of a unified budget, and that is how There being no objection, the mate- f he got a surplus.’’ This is false; false. I rial was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: EXTENSION OF MORNING was present during that time; I was BUSINESS there with George Mahon, chairman of SUBTITLE C—SOCIAL SECURITY the Appropriations Committee. We Mr. SPECTER. Mr. President, before asked if we could cut $5 billion to SEC. 13301. OFF-BUDGET STATUS OF OASDI TRUST concluding, I have been asked by the achieve a total budget of $178 billion FUNDS leader to seek unanimous consent that for the Great Society and the Vietnam (a) Exclusion of Social Security from all the period of morning business be ex- War. Can you imagine that? We funded budgets.—Notwithstanding any other provi- tended to 12:45, with Senators per- the Great Society and the War with sion of law, the receipts and disbursements mitted under this request to speak for just $178 billion. And where are we of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insur- up to 5 minutes each. today? Today the budget is $1.7 tril- ance Trust Fund and the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund shall not be counted as The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without lion. During LBJ’s presidency, we bal- objection, it is so ordered. new budget authority, outlays, receipts, or anced the budget with a surplus of $3.2 deficit or surplus for purposes of— Mr. SPECTER. Mr. President, I billion. The Social Security trust fund thank the Chair and yield the floor. then only amounted to $300 million. So (1) the budget of the United States Govern- ment as submitted by the President, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- President Johnson balanced the budget ator from Florida. without trust funds and without a uni- (2) the congressional budget, or Mr. GRAHAM. Mr. President, I ask fied deficit. (3) the Balanced Budget and Emergency unanimous consent to speak for up to What really happened was that Wil- Deficit Control Act of 1985. 10 minutes, for purposes of introduc- bur Mills of the Ways and Means Com- (b) Exclusions of Social Security from con- tion of legislation. mittee, who was running for President gressional budget.—Section 301(a) of the Con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without up in New Hampshire, said to the gressional Budget Act of 1974 is amended by objection, it is so ordered. American people: ‘‘Oh, we have so adding at the end the following: ‘‘The con- Mr. GRAHAM. I thank the Chair. much money in that Social Security current resolution shall not include the out- fund; I will give you a 10-percent lays and revenue totals of the old age, sur- (The remarks of Mr. GRAHAM per- vivors, and disability insurance program es- COLA.’’ Then along came President taining to the introduction of S. 1585 tablished under title II of the Social Secu- are located in today’s RECORD under Nixon and he said, ‘‘If he will give you rity Act or the related provisions of the In- ‘‘Statements on Introduced Bills and 10, I will give you 15 percent.’’ ternal Revenue Code of 1986 in the surplus or Joint Resolutions.’’) We started draining the fund during deficit totals required by this subsection or Mr. HOLLINGS addressed the Chair. the seventies. By 1980–1981—when I was in any. . . .’’ chairman of the Budget Committee— The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, I got ator from South Carolina. we could see we were going to have a horrendous deficit in Social Security. that reported out of the Budget Com- Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, I ask So we formed the Greenspan commis- mittee, and President George Walker unanimous consent that I be allowed to sion, and we issued a report that rec- Herbert Bush signed it into law on No- speak as in morning business until the ommended not only to impose a higher vember 5, 1990: ‘‘Thou shalt not use the appointed hour of 12:45. tax for Social Security to balance the Social Security trust fund.’’ But, Mr. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Social Security budget, but more par- President, Congress today totally ig- objection, it is so ordered. ticularly to build up a trust fund for nores it. Here is the economic budget f the Presiding Officer. outlook for fiscal year 1999. I ask unan- imous consent that this table 2 be Now, old men like Senator THURMOND STOP LOOTING SOCIAL SECURITY and I are going to get our Social Secu- printed in the RECORD. TRUST FUND rity money. But I don’t know that There being no objection, the table Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, the younger Americans are going to get was ordered to be printed in the thrust of President Clinton’s State of theirs. The fact of the matter is that RECORD, as follows:

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S200 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 SUMMARY TABLE 2. CBO BUDGET PROJECTIONS (BY FISCAL YEAR)

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 IN BILLIONS OF DOLLARS Revenues: Individual income ...... 737 768 782 805 840 886 922 974 1,027 1,083 1,143 1,207 Corporate income ...... 182 197 200 200 200 203 209 216 224 232 241 250 Social insurance ...... 539 573 600 625 651 679 710 743 781 817 856 892 Other ...... 120 127 147 149 155 162 167 173 177 181 187 191 Total ...... 1,579 1,665 1,729 1,779 1,847 1,930 2,008 2,105 2,208 2,314 2,426 2,540 Outlays: Discretionary 1 ...... 549 557 561 565 564 560 576 592 609 626 643 661 Mandatory: Social Security ...... 362 376 391 409 428 449 471 495 522 551 582 614 Medicare ...... 208 218 231 244 268 277 306 330 367 377 417 448 Medicaid ...... 96 101 108 115 123 131 141 152 165 179 194 210 Other ...... 229 256 272 290 303 316 330 342 360 369 378 399 Subtotal ...... 895 950 1,003 1,058 1,121 1,173 1,247 1,320 1,415 1,476 1,570 1,672 Net interest ...... 244 244 248 244 238 231 226 222 216 209 202 194 Offsetting receipts ...... ¥86 ¥81 ¥81 ¥84 ¥90 ¥104 ¥96 ¥100 ¥106 ¥112 ¥119 ¥126 Total ...... 1,601 1,670 1,731 1,782 1,833 1,860 1,954 2,034 2,133 2,199 2,297 2,403 Deficit (¥) or Surplus ...... ¥22 ...... ¥2 ¥3 14 69 54 71 75 115 129 138 Memorandum: On-budget Deficit (¥) or Surplus ...... ¥103 ¥105 ¥115 ¥125 ¥116 ¥69 ¥94 ¥87 ¥95 ¥64 ¥60 ¥60 Debt Held by the Public ...... 3,771 3,790 3,806 3,821 3,821 3,765 3,725 3,668 3,606 3,503 3,386 3,259 AS A PERCENTAGE OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT Revenues: Individual income ...... 9.3 9.2 9.0 8.8 8.8 8.9 8.9 8.9 9.0 9.0 9.1 9.2 Corporate income...... 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 Social insurance ...... 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 Other ...... 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Total ...... 19.8 19.9 19.8 19.6 19.4 19.4 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 Outlays: Discretionary 1 ...... 6.9 6.7 6.4 6.2 5.9 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 Mandatory: Social Security...... 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 Medicare ...... 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.4 Medicaid ...... 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 Other ...... 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 Subtotal ...... 11.2 11.3 11.5 11.6 11.8 11.8 12.0 12.1 12.4 12.3 12.5 12.7 Net interest ...... 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.5 Offsetting receipts ...... ¥1.1 ¥1.0 ¥0.9 ¥0.9 ¥0.9 ¥1.0 ¥0.9 ¥0.9 ¥0.9 ¥0.9 ¥0.9 ¥1.0 Total ...... 20.1 20.0 19.8 19.6 19.3 18.7 18.8 18.6 18.7 18.4 18.3 18.3 Deficit (¥) or Surplus ...... ¥0.3 ¥0.1 (2) (2) 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 Memorandum: On-budget Deficit (¥) or Surplus ...... ¥1.3 ¥1.3 ¥1.3 ¥1.4 ¥1.2 ¥0.7 ¥0.9 ¥0.8 ¥0.8 ¥0.5 ¥0.5 ¥0.5 Debt Held by the Public ...... 47.3 45.3 43.6 42.0 40.2 37.9 35.8 33.6 31.5 29.3 27.0 24.8 1 The baseline assumes that discretionary spending will equal the statutory caps on discretionary spending in 1999 through 2002 and will increase at the rate of inflation in succeeding years. 2 Less than 0.05 percent. Source: Congressional Budget Office.

Mr. HOLLINGS. Table 2, instead of patting each other on the back and S. 1587 showing that trust funds are not used, complimenting each other on fiscal re- Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- shows that Congress uses over $165 bil- sponsibility and discipline. ‘‘A bal- resentatives of the United States of America in lion of trust funds—$165 billion. That is anced budget as far as the eye can see,’’ Congress assembled, $101 billion from Social Security and says the President. Dr. June O’Neill SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. $64 billion from the military retire- This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Pay-as-you- said the same thing yesterday before go Extension Act’’. ment trust fund, Civil Service retire- the Budget Committee. Mr. President, SEC. 2. AMENDMENT TO THE BALANCED BUDGET ment trust fund, highway trust fund, they are talking out of the whole cloth. ACT. airport trust fund; and the surplus Their claims are false. They continue Section 252(a) of the Balanced Budget and crowd is trying to report just a $5 bil- Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 is to use these trust funds to obscure the lion deficit. Come on. amended by adding at the end the following: debt and deceive the people. We al- You have to go all the way back, Mr. ‘‘This section shall be effective until the President, to page 42 of the CBO’s re- ready have used Social Security, mili- Federal budget excluding the receipts and port. If you look at page 42, you can tary, civilian, unemployment, high- disbursements of the social security trust way, airport, railroad of $1.5 trillion we funds, the Federal military retiree trust find the real deficit, because down fund, the highway trust funds, and any other there they have the gross Federal debt. owe now, and under the 1998 projected current policy, CBO reports it will be Federal trust fund included in the gross Fed- Of course, they don’t put it in red. I eral debt is in balance or surplus.’’. wish I had a chart here so everybody $1.652 trillion. So we are using all of could see it. these trust funds, and President Clin- S. 1588 This is not how a family budgets. ton said all trust funds. I read from Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- Families ask themselves if they spend that particular report where he said resentatives of the United States of America in more than they take in? They don’t any trust funds. I want to make sure Congress assembled, employ this unified budget nonsense, everybody gets that because I am not SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. or economic flows or the Wholesale being technical at all. This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Deficit In- tegrity Act’’. Price Index or the Consumer Price I quote President Clinton: ‘‘Tonight I SEC. 2. TRUST FUND PROTECTION. Index or any of this economic gobble- propose we reserve 100 percent of the The receipts and disbursements of the so- dygook. If you spend more than you surplus. That’s every penny of any sur- cial security trust funds, the Federal mili- take in, you have a deficit, and that plus.’’ tary retiree trust fund, the highway trust adds to your debt. funds, the medicare trust fund, the civil Page 42 of the Congressional Budget Mr. President, I have two bills that service retirement trust fund, the unemploy- Office’s report shows that we go from a do just that. Boy, are we going to put ment trust fund, the airports trust fund, and $5.5 trillion debt in 10 years to over $7.5 them to the task of truth in budgeting. any other Federal trust fund included in the trillion. In the next 5 years, according I ask unanimous consent that these gross Federal debt shall not be— bills be printed in the RECORD. (1) included in the Federal budget baseline to this chart, we are going to spend for any fiscal year; and $957 billion more than we take in— There being no objection, the bills (2) counted as new budget authority, out- under this so-called balanced budget were ordered to be printed in the lays, receipts, or deficit or surplus for pur- plan. Yet everyone is running around, RECORD, as follows: poses of—

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S201 (A) offsetting any tax decrease; and speech after speech after speech on the as proudly as you did, even though our Gov- (B) offsetting any spending increase. floor of this body about how we do not ernment required black and white solders in Mr. HOLLINGS. This is a short, one- have truth in budgeting. We do not the same Army to live, sleep, eat, and travel paragraph bill. It says that Congress have a balanced budget. We are not separate and apart while fighting and dying for our country. cannot use any of these surpluses and even close to a balanced budget and are But because of the rule of law today’s serv- trust funds for any tax cut or any not going to be for some time to come. icemen in America suffer no such indig- spending increase where we have caps. And the idea of people talking about nity.... My mother, a widow, raised two Maybe, Mr. President, they will get tax cuts or using the budget surplus, boys. She had an eighth grade education. She the money from the tobacco settle- which does not exist, to using that sur- was a domestic worker who scrubbed floors. ment. I don’t know where they will get plus to cut taxes or to increase spend- One son became the first black mayor of a the money from. ing is an absolute absurdity. major American city. The other sits here You are looking at a Senator who I think this year, 1998, we are antici- today as chairman of a House Intelligence Committee. Only in America, only in Amer- voted against spending increases and pating a $100 billion surplus in Social ica, Colonel North, only in America. against tax cuts last year in order to Security. So I lend my support to what try to bring about fiscal responsibility. the President said the other night. And Mr. President, LOUIS STOKES said We enjoy a good economy, Mr. Presi- I lend my support to what the Senator these words at a time of great tension dent. And we want to stay the course. from South Carolina just said. in our country and in the Congress. In doing so, he gave voice to what Abra- But let us practice truth in budgeting, (The remarks of Mr. BUMPERS per- and let us mean it. I have provided all taining to the introduction of S. 1586 ham Lincoln called the better angels of our nature. the facts and figures here. are located in today’s RECORD under There is a chart that everybody in ‘‘Statements on Introduced Bills and That, Mr. President, is really who America ought to see: the gross Fed- Joint Resolutions.’’) LOUIS STOKES is, a truly honorable man eral debt. In the past year, 1997, we ran The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. who represents the finest aspects of the a deficit not of $22 billion but of $188 THOMAS). The Senator from Ohio. American spirit. Congressman STOKES billion. The Congressional Budget Of- Mr. DEWINE. Mr. President, I ask rose from poverty to become a great fice projects an actual deficit of $170 unanimous consent to proceed for up to American statesman. He was Ohio’s billion. And, Mr. President, in 1999, the 20 minutes as in morning business. first African American member of the deficit will increase from $170 billion to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without U.S. Congress. He was the first African $200 billion. Why? Because rather than objection, it is so ordered. American ever named to the House Ap- propriations Committee. heading in the right direction, Con- f gress and the President last year in- First, first, first, again and again and HONORING CONGRESSMAN LOUIS again, Mr. President. Where a path had creased spending and cut out revenues. STOKES Under current policy, the deficit will not been carved out before, LOUIS continue to soar, right on up and away Mr. DEWINE. Mr. President, I rise STOKES took the lead and blazed a trail to $205 billion by the year 2000. this afternoon to commemorate an im- by himself. He was chairman of the So everybody ought to understand portant event in the history of my Congressional Black Caucus, he was that Congress and the White House can State, the State of Ohio, and also the chairman of the House Ethics Com- make all the wonderful talks they like; history of this Congress. Over the just- mittee, he was chairman of the House and everyone can say, ‘‘Well, the Presi- concluded recess, my good friend, Con- Intelligence Committee, he was chair- dent wants to use those funds for gressman LOU STOKES, announced he man of the historic House committee spending, and I want to use it for tax will retire at the end of this Congress. that investigated the assassinations of cuts.’’ That suits me, whatever you all LOU STOKES will retire after 30 years President Kennedy and Dr. Martin Lu- want to do, but let us have truth in representing the people of his Cleve- ther King, Jr. He was chairman and is budgeting and let us not use any of the land area district. currently ranking member of the ap- trust funds as an offset. Mr. President, when I first entered propriations subcommittee on VA–HUD The bills I introduce today will the House of Representatives in 1983, overseeing $87 billion of our Federal achieve both of these goals; they will LOUIS STOKES had already been there budget. ensure an honest budget and protect for 14 years—14 years building friend- For the last 5 years he has been the Social Security and other trust funds. ships and developing a reputation as a dean of our State’s congressional dele- I thank the distinguished Chair and powerful and effective leader. gation. yield the floor. LOU STOKES is a leader. Mr. Presi- Mr. President, I am proud to have Mr. BUMPERS addressed the Chair. dent, he is more than that. LOU STOKES served for so long with this truly great The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- is a good man. One of my own favorite American, here in the Senate for the ator from Arkansas. memories of LOU STOKES, and frankly last 3 years, as well as the 8 years we Mr. BUMPERS. Mr. President, what it is one of my memories that I will served together in the U.S. House of is the parliamentary situation? carry with me all my life and my ca- Representatives. So today, Mr. Presi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Morning reer in politics, was the very moving dent, I join the people of Ohio in business has just concluded. speech that Congressman LOU STOKES thanking Congressman LOU STOKES for made when he and I served together on all he has done to move our State and f the Iran-Contra Committee. Mr. Presi- our country forward. EXTENSION OF MORNING dent, this was a contentious time. Con- LOUIS STOKES’s hometown newspaper, BUSINESS gressman STOKES and I did not always the Cleveland Plain Dealer, says that Mr. BUMPERS. I ask unanimous con- agree on everything about these hear- he is ‘‘A man who, through word and sent, Mr. President, that I be permitted ings or about the facts of that series of deed, created a legacy of exemplary to proceed in morning business for no events that led to the Iran-Contra public service.... After his long years more than 15 minutes in order to intro- hearings. But there was a moment dur- of distinguished service, Congress duce a bill. ing the hearings when LOU STOKES won’t be the same without him.’’ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without spoke from the heart and he really let Mr. President, how true that is. objection, it is so ordered. us know what kind of a person he is, So to our friend, LOU STOKES; his f sort of what makes him tick. We really wife, Jay; his children, Shelley, An- had an insight into the soul of this gela, Louis, Lorene; and his grand- TRUTH IN BUDGETING very good man. children, who I know he cherishes so Mr. BUMPERS. Mr. President, prior In his remarks he expressed heartfelt much, Brett, Eric, Grant, Kelley, Kim- to introducing my bill, let me just lend love of this great country of ours. Let berley, Alexandra, and Nicolette, my support to the remarks just made me quote a portion of what Congress- thank you very much. Thank you for by the Senator from South Carolina. man LOU STOKES said at that time: sharing him with us. We wish you, Con- He and the Senator from North Da- I wore the uniform of this country in gressman STOKES, and your children kota, Senator DORGAN, have made World War II in a segregated Army. I wore it and your grandchildren and the rest of

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S202 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 your family all the best for a wonderful much by JOHN GLENN’s daring exploit. a federal government failure so mas- future. That, Mr. President, was a great day to sive that it may take the taxpayers f be an American. I hear a lot of that en- years, even decades, to burrow out thusiasm today after the announce- from underneath it. HONORING SENATOR JOHN GLENN ment that Senator GLENN will be going What could be so potentially dev- Mr. DEWINE. Mr. President, I will back into space. I think that one of his astating? The failure of the U.S. De- take a moment this afternoon to say a last public services as a Member of the partment of Energy to begin accepting few words about another truly historic U.S. Senate may be one of the most the nation’s spent commercial nuclear announcement that occurred during valuable achievements of his long and fuel. the recess. On behalf of the people of very distinguished career because JOHN And, Mr. President, the taxpayers the State of Ohio and all of our col- GLENN has a rare, truly incredible op- will inherit the responsibility for that leagues in the U.S. Senate, let me say portunity to educate the rest of us, to failure just three days from now. how truly proud we are of our distin- educate the American people about the At midnight on January 31, 1998, the guished friend and colleague, Senator value of America’s adventure in space. DOE is required by law to begin accept- JOHN GLENN. By now, everyone in Who better, Mr. President, than JOHN ing spent nuclear fuel from sites across America knows that in October at the GLENN to speak to Americans about the nation. age of 77, Senator JOHN GLENN will re- this great American achievement? Who The clock was set in motion 16 years turn to space as a member of the crew better to explain to us the importance ago, upon enactment of the ‘‘Nuclear of the space shuttle Discovery. of NASA, the importance of space ex- Waste Policy Act of 1982.’’ Since then, utility ratepayers have Mr. President, very few people show ploration? And who among us, except been required to pay the federal gov- the kind of courage shown throughout JOHN GLENN, has that historical per- ernment more than 13 billion of their his lifetime by JOHN GLENN, courage spective and can explain it in terms hard-earned dollars in exchange for the that Senator GLENN showed when he that average Americans can under- promise that the DOE would develop flew 149—149—heroic combat missions stand? JOHN GLENN has a unique ability and build a centralized repository for as a Marine pilot in World War II and to tell this great story. He has that the safe and efficient storage of spent then in the Korean war facing death ability because he has lived it. from enemy fighters and antiaircraft Mr. President, I think this space mis- nuclear fuel. But that’s yet another government fire. Because of all the enemy fire that sion is already starting to fire up the promise that won’t be kept. JOHN GLENN braved, we are told his imagination of the American people buddies called him the ‘‘Mig-Mad Ma- Today, 16 years later—with 7 billion about the wonders of discovery. It can of those ratepayer dollars already rine,’’ and I guess they had a few other remind us again that we as Americans names for him, as well. spent—the waste is piling up. have a tradition of national greatness Nobody at the DOE wants it—nobody Mr. President, it comes as no sur- and that the pursuit of national great- prise to those of us who know him that at the DOE is prepared to claim it—and ness remains our continued breath- because there’s no place to put it, no- our friend, JOHN GLENN, is that kind of taking challenge. So, Colonel—Sen- body at the DOE would be ready to a rare person. One reporter commented ator—the hearts of all Ohioans and the that when he was a young man he was take it by the January 31st deadline hearts of your colleagues in the Sen- anyway. That’s just three days from thrilled by then Colonel GLENN’s orbits ate, and indeed all Americans, will be around the Earth and yelled out, ‘‘Go, now. with you on your historic mission. Our At the same time energy consumers Colonel GLENN, go.’’ Well, Mr. Presi- hearts will also be with your great are pouring billions into the waste dent, I had pretty much the same expe- family and with your heroic wife fund, ratepayers and utilities are con- rience, as millions of Americans did. Annie. As President Clinton said the tinuing to pay for on-site storage at My experience occurred when I was in other night, godspeed, JOHN GLENN. more than 70 commercial nuclear high school, my wife Fran and I were in Mr. President, I suggest the absence plants throughout the country. high school in Yellow Springs High of a quorum. In other words, ratepayers are being School and the day that JOHN GLENN The PRESIDING OFFICER. The forced to pay twice for nuclear waste orbited the Earth and made that his- clerk will call the roll. storage—all because the Department of toric flight I happened to be in Mr. Ed The bill clerk proceeded to call the Energy has failed to meet its legal ob- Wingard’s science class in Yellow roll. ligations to the American people. Springs High School. We all listened on Mr. GRAMS. Mr. President, I ask Sadly, these costs pale in comparison the radio to the progress of this truly unanimous consent that the order for to the true catastrophe the DOE has in historic flight. For those who were not the quorum call be rescinded. store for the taxpayers beginning just born at that time or cannot remember The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without three days from now. it, it is hard to describe the atmos- objection, it is so ordered. The United States Court of Appeals phere in this country. It is hard to ex- Mr. GRAMS. Mr. President, what is for the DC Circuit, in a ruling issued on plain how literally this country came the business before the Senate? November 14, said that not only is the to a stop, when people gathered around The PRESIDING OFFICER. We are DOE authorized to begin accepting TVs and gathered around radios for still in morning business. waste on January 31, but also able to that period of time as he went around Mr. GRAMS. Thank you very much. fulfill its contractual obligations to re- the Earth and made those three orbits. f move it. In fact, just about anyone around By failing to do so, the court ruled, TAXPAYERS ON THE HOOK: THE back then can tell you how important the DOE makes the federal government NUCLEAR WASTE STORAGE that achievement was for the American liable for any damages resulting from COUNTDOWN people, and they can tell you where even the smallest delay in perform- they were and what they were doing at Mr. GRAMS. Mr. President, I rise ance. that moment. We, as a Nation at that today because after 16 years of denials, And we all know who foots govern- time, Mr. President, were shaken, we delays, and indifference on the part of ment’s bills. had been shaken when the Russians the U.S. Department of Energy, the By failing to take possession of the beat us into space with the Sputnik, American taxpayers are about to find nation’s nuclear waste just three days Sputnik satellite, earlier in 1957 and themselves saddled with the liability from now, the DOE will in essence then in April of 1961 they sent Yuri Ga- for our nation’s nuclear waste. make the American taxpayer respon- garin into orbit, the first man in space. It is a liability they do not deserve, sible for those damages. The same week as that flight the U.S. and one they most certainly cannot af- According to the Nuclear Energy In- was rocked by the tragedy and failure ford. Unfortunately, the President stitute, the estimated cost of storing of the Bay of Pigs invasion in Cuba. failed to warn them on Tuesday night spent nuclear fuel at power plants In short, Mr. President, America was during his State of the Union address across the nation through 2020 is $56 reeling, and that is one of the reasons that many of the achievements he ac- billion, with the federal government— why our hearts were lifted so very knowledged are at risk—threatened by the taxpayers—liable for every dollar.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S203 And when nuclear power plants begin Our ratepayers are paying the bill to expect a rational explanation for the to shut down because the utilities take care of our own waste problem. Administration’s inaction on their be- don’t have the facilities to store fuel Yet that isn’t being addressed but our half. Silence, Mr. President, is not the on site, the chain reaction of higher en- ratepayers and our taxpayers are pay- answer they so desperately need. ergy costs and lost jobs that are cer- ing to help foreign countries do the Thank you very much, Mr. President. tain to follow represents yet another same thing. I yield the floor. costly economic consequence of this The President on Tuesday also failed I suggest the absence of a quorum. federal folly. to mention that the costs of missing The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The impact on the environment of al- the January 31st deadline will be borne clerk will call the roll. ternative energy sources must also be as much by grandma and grandpa as The bill clerk proceeded to call the examined. they will by any corporate executives roll. How is it possible that all of this will or Members of Congress. Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I ask be set into motion just three days from He didn’t mention that nuclear power unanimous consent that the order for now, and yet it didn’t merit a single is a fuel that burns nothing, thereby the quorum call be rescinded. sentence in the President’s State of the helping us achieve cleaner air and a The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Union address? better environment. objection, it is so ordered. Mr. President, it’s ironic that, while He failed to mention that the costs of Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I as- the DOE has failed to meet America’s his global warming treaty will be even sume we are in morning business. nuclear waste storage needs, the DOE higher for every American if we con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. We are. has resumed collecting spent nuclear tinue to shut down nuclear power f fuel from a total of 41 other countries plants in favor of coal-burning tech- DEFICIT REDUCTION under the ‘‘Atoms for Peace’’ program. nologies. Similar to the large number of our Most regrettably, he failed to offer Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I am states which are facing nuclear waste any kind of explanation into why his a member of the Budget Committee, storage problems, countries from administration supports the Depart- and under Senator DOMENICI’s very around the world are experiencing the ment of Energy as they unlawfully good leadership, we are starting a new same problems. The only difference is stick it to the American taxpayers. budget process as we do every year. that their needs—not our own rate- It therefore falls to Congress to step Today he called a hearing of our com- payers’ needs—are being met by our forward and offer a solution. mittee to hear from Chairman Green- federal government. Along with my colleagues, Senators span. Chairman Greenspan is a person In fact, the DOE has completed ‘‘ur- MURKOWSKI and CRAIG, I’ve coauthored who is very well respected, not only on gent relief’’ shipments of spent nuclear legislation that will protect the Amer- both sides of the aisle by Members of fuel assemblies from European nations ican public from the costs they face the Congress, but also by the Presi- to the agency’s facility at Savannah from this impending crisis. dent. He was reappointed to the chair- River. It has also accepted nuclear Our bill will reform the current civil- manship of the Fed by this President. spent fuel from Latin American coun- ian nuclear waste program to avoid the Further, he is very well respected by tries. squandering of billions of dollars of the people of this country and, most Ultimately, up to 890 foreign research ratepayers’ and taxpayers’ money. importantly, by people who, as inves- reactor cores will be accepted by the It will eliminate the current need for tors in America, have to have con- DOE over a 13-year period. on-site storage at our nation’s nuclear fidence in the economy. I think that Mr. President, an important point to Chairman Greenspan exudes a great discuss when it comes to these foreign plants, keep plants from shutting down prematurely due to lack of storage deal of confidence himself. He estab- nuclear waste shipments is how they lishes in most everybody confidence in are transported once they reach the space, and maintain stable energy prices. the economy because of his caution. continental United States. Economic growth over the last several Nuclear assemblies from these 41 Our bill will also assure that trans- years has had a great deal to do with countries have been and will continue portation of nuclear waste will con- the steady hand of Chairman Green- to be transported by rail and truck to tinue to be conducted in a safe manner. span. the Savannah River Facility. The safe- The ‘‘Nuclear Waste Policy Act of As we start a new budget season, it is ty record of these shipments speaks for 1997’’ passed both houses of Congress very appropriate that Chairman Green- itself. last session by overwhelming, bipar- The federal government won’t accept tisan votes. span be invited by Chairman DOMENICI commercial spent nuclear fuel, but it’s While conferees have yet to be ap- to come to appear before the Senate actively accepting nuclear waste from pointed, a veto threat from the White Budget Committee. many American universities. House continues to prevent a respon- We had a chance to listen to an out- Nuclear waste from research reactors sible solution from becoming law. standing presentation by Chairman at our finest educational institutions is Again, a veto threat from the White Greenspan. It was relatively short, but being accepted at the DOE’s Savannah House on this issue continues to pre- throughout the sermon on the econ- River facility. Again, this nuclear vent the responsible solution from be- omy, Chairman Greenspan called for waste is being safely transported by coming law. this Congress and this President to be rail and truck across the nation. As representatives of the people, it’s very cautious, as we go into the budget These shipments serve as a very the responsibility of the government to process in this year, especially about small portion of the 2,400 shipments of ensure that every taxpayer dollar en- spending, about taxes, and having too high-level nuclear waste that have al- trusted to us is spent in a responsible rosy a scenario about our economic fu- ready been shipped across the United and meaningful way. In the case of nu- ture. States, including naval spent fuel. clear waste storage, the government He expressed a great deal of con- So, Mr. President, transportation is has failed this most important of tests. fidence that the future is very bright no longer a question of technology but While the DOE waits, and hides be- for our economy, but incumbent in becomes one of politics. hind courtroom appeals, and shirks re- what he said was a caution that, by un- I understand the rationale behind re- sponsibilities it is legally bound to ac- wise budget decisions, we have the ca- ducing our international nuclear dan- cept, Americans across our country can pability of lousing up a rosy oppor- gers by collecting and transporting expect yet more rate increases and yet tunity. He put a great deal of emphasis spent fuel within our borders. higher taxes from a government that’s upon the good that comes from paying But what I and many others cannot either too afraid or to incompetent to down on the national debt. He also ex- comprehend is how our government has act. pressed, in response to some questions, made it a priority to help foreign coun- Just three days from now, who’s that next to paying down the debt a tries with their nuclear waste problems going to explain that to the taxpayers? great deal of economic good can come while simultaneously ignoring the con- Americans deserve to hear from their from cutting marginal tax rates and cerns right here in our own country. leader on this issue. They deserve and cutting capital gains. None of these is

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S204 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 an end unto themselves, but help to until it is there, and that is not going ing. We can restore the American make sure that there is a positive atti- to be during this budget season. We dream to our children and grand- tude in this country for people who will have a historic opportunity, a windfall children. invest to create jobs in America in opportunity to do good. I know we have We also have an opportunity to do order to keep this economic miracle a strong economy, and that is where something that I never thought I would going. most of the praise can go—for bal- be able to be a part of in my lifetime— I was very happy to hear the caution ancing the budget even before the year helping pay off on the national debt, expressed by Chairman Greenspan, be- 2002 as we promised. reducing the legacy of debt that we cause I sense, as he senses—and obvi- Also, Congress has exercised some re- have left to our children and grand- ously, I am back here for the first week straint, finally. I do not think the pub- children. It seems to me, not only is since last fall’s recess so I have not vis- lic realizes it, but we have. Three out that good economically, but if we have ited with a lot of my colleagues—that of four people in this country do not an opportunity to do that—we have over the last 3 months the anticipated believe we are going to have a balanced been living high on the hog for the last surplus is generating too much talk budget when we say we are going to 3 decades because of Government bor- about renewed spending. The White have it. Three out of four people, even rowing—we can pay down that legacy House proposes about eight new spend- after a bipartisan effort to accomplish of debt and keep a moral obligation ing programs that the President wants it, do not believe today it is going to that we ought to have for our genera- to create, adding up to about $63 bil- happen. Even with all the talk about tion to live within its means. lion—and those are not discretionary more money coming in than antici- We can also do what the President spending; for the most part those are pated, even with the President saying suggested needs to be done. We could entitlements. Some Members of Con- we are going to balance it before we also strengthen the fiscal position of gress, want to spend more money, said we were, still three out of four the Federal Government so when the while other Members of Congress want people do not believe we are going to IOUs come due on Social Security we to give tax cuts. I love to give tax cuts. balance the budget. So we have an op- will be in a strong position to pay I probably have voted for most every portunity, if we are cautious, as Chair- those IOUs. So the President needs to tax cut that has been suggested since I man Greenspan said, to reduce that exercise restraint. Three years ago in have been in the Senate—but I think cynicism, to reestablish confidence in the State of the Union Message we that at this point both this Senator the American people that maybe we heard that the era of big Government from Iowa and my colleagues and the have a sound fiscal policy here and is over. But this year we heard that the President of the United States ought to that we will balance the budget. era of saying the era of big Govern- follow the advice of Chairman Green- We still have those, however, who say ment is over, is over. span and exercise some caution about we ought to spend it, including the We also have to have some restraints spending increases and tax cuts. As I President of the United States. There on these tax cuts. Not that taxes can’t said, it appears to me that a golden op- are people who say we ought to have be cut in the future, but we ought to portunity might be lost because we tax cuts. make sure what we have in surplus think this windfall is in our pockets al- Now, we have a rare opportunity first. We need to do it right and we ready. It is like it is burning a hole in which seldom comes to Congress. If we should not do it piecemeal, and we our pockets. We can hardly wait to just do nothing, we can do a great deal have a tendency to do it in a piecemeal spend it. of good. How often, if Congress just fashion. I almost sense that Chairman Green- does nothing, can some good come from But most important, if we just cool span would like to express a couple it? But it is this simple. If we stay with it, if we just keep the cork in the bot- words he cannot ever use again. I think the spending caps that we adopted last tle, if we just do nothing, we will do a he senses an irrational exuberance on year in a bipartisan compromise, if we great deal of good, not only for today the part of Congress and the President can stay with those caps, we are going but for our children and grandchildren. of the United States, just to fritter to balance the budget before the year That is why I say we should take the away a wonderful opportunity we have 2002, and we are going to pay off on the advice of Chairman Greenspan that he here to reestablish the confidence of national debt without taking any ac- gave to the Senate Budget Committee the people in the economy and, par- tion, because the Secretary of the today and just be very, very cautious. ticularly, in the fiscal policy of the Treasury just rolls over less old debt f Congress, which was adopted in a bi- from week to week because of a budget partisan way last year. surplus. So you gradually pay down on THE VERY BAD DEBT BOXSCORE So I would follow on with Chairman the national debt just by Congress tak- Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, at the Greenspan and ask my colleagues to ing no action. A great deal of good close of business yesterday, Wednes- cool it, to make sure that we learn comes from Congress just doing noth- day, January 28, 1998, the Federal debt from history. During the last decade, ing. stood at $5,492,555,021,481.61 (Five tril- the decade of the 1980’s, we found it is We would reduce the cynicism of lion, four hundred ninety-two billion, very easy for conservatives to ask for three out of four people in this country five hundred fifty-five million, twenty- more money to spend on defense and as to whether or not we are really seri- one thousand, four hundred eighty-one then, pretty soon, that opens up the ous about balancing the budget. That dollars and sixty-one cents). door for other increased spending. Well, reestablishes confidence in the econ- One year ago, January 28, 1997, the if we are going to spend more money on omy. It is going to encourage people to Federal debt stood at $5,317,192,000,000 defense, liberals are going to get their invest, and with investment you create (Five trillion, three hundred seventeen hands in the cookie jar and say we jobs. We are going to reduce the inter- billion, one hundred ninety-two mil- have to have more money spent on do- est costs to the Federal Treasury. The lion). mestic programs. Then there is always biggest item in the Federal budget is Five years ago, January 28, 1993, the the other side of the aisle, people want- now interest—not defense, not Social Federal debt stood at $4,173,554,000,000 ing tax cuts, and, as I said, I even like Security or Medicare—interest. We will (Four trillion, one hundred seventy- tax cuts. But pretty soon you are on an reduce it. three billion, five hundred fifty-four irresponsible approach that brings tril- Most importantly, we are going to be million). lions and trillions of dollars of debt. able to restore the American dream of Ten years ago, January 28, 1988, the Now, finally, after last year, it looks our children and grandchildren. Every Federal debt stood at $2,448,460,000,000 as if we are on a path to getting to a generation has thought their kids (Two trillion, four hundred forty-eight balanced budget, to stopping the build- would have it better than their genera- billion, four hundred sixty million). ing of the legacy of debt that our gen- tion, but today’s generation does not Fifteen years ago, January 28, 1983, eration has left to our kids and believe that their children will have a the Federal debt stood at grandkids. So I think we have to just better future and their grandchildren $1,196,067,000,000 (One trillion, one hun- cool it. We do not yet have this money have yet a better future because of the dred ninety-six billion, sixty-seven mil- in our pocket. Let us at least wait legacy of debt our generation is leav- lion) which reflects a debt increase of

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S205 more than $4 trillion— in 1998. I shall also continue to report industries to the U.S. gross domestic $4,296,488,021,481.61 (Four trillion, two to the Senate—and to the American product, employment, and foreign hundred ninety-six billion, four hun- people—on a regular basis regarding trade. It detailed, for instance, that in dred eighty-eight million, twenty-one this increasingly dangerous trend. 1994, copyright industries contributed thousand, four hundred eighty-one dol- f an estimated $385 billion to the U.S. lars and sixty-one cents) during the economy, accounting for approxi- THE IMPORTANCE OF RATIFYING past 15 years. mately 5.7% of the GDP. The study THE WIPO TREATIES AND EN- concluded that during the period from f ACTING WIPO IMPLEMENTING 1984 to 1994, job growth in the core U.S. FOREIGN OIL CONSUMPTION LEGISLATION copyright industries was twice as fast FOR WEEK ENDING JANUARY 23D Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I hope as employment growth in the economy Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, a trou- that the Senate will make a new year’s as a whole. Regarding foreign sales, the bling aspect in assessing all aspects of resolution to focus its energy on issues study found that the copyright indus- maintaining a strong U.S. national se- that create American jobs, protect tries’ exports are larger than the ex- curity is one that receives scant atten- American ingenuity, and improve the ports of almost all other leading indus- tion—the fact that the United States is lives of the American people. I was dis- try sectors. more deeply dependent upon foreign appointed last year that we wasted so In addition to the economic boon countries to supply most of America’s much of the Senate’s limited time on that they provide this country, the in- energy needs. The situation today is partisan and divisive issues. tellectual property rights granted to worse than ever before in our history. This year the Senate should be in the U.S. citizens have fostered the creative I began in 1996 my reports to the business of doing America’s business. spirit of the American people. From American people every week in which I We should be working in a bipartisan the days of Benjamin Franklin and stated the precise amount of oil im- manner to enact copyright term exten- Thomas Jefferson to the dawning of ported by the U.S. from foreign coun- sion legislation so that America’s trad- the coming century, American creative tries. Some of these countries are open- ing partners will recognize American geniuses abound in the visual arts, re- ly hostile to U.S. interests. I make copyrighted works for the same term cording, writing, and software develop- these reports to emphasize the extent that those countries grant their own ment industries. The U.S. leads the to which the U.S. has become peril- national works. We should be passing world in creative products. What other ously dependent on them. encryption legislation to allow Amer- country can boast of the multitude of I investigated this issue a decade ago ican hi-tech companies the freedom to creative, artistic, and technological vi- when I presided over several hearings compete vigorously in the global mar- sionaries? as the then chairman of the Agri- ketplace. We should be enacting patent AMERICA WILL BENEFIT culture Committee. In my present ca- reform legislation to help American Because the U.S. is the world-wide pacity as chairman of the Senate For- innovators, big and small. leader in intellectual property, the eign Relations Committee we have held High on the Senate’s agenda for U.S. will be the main beneficiary if the hearings; more are scheduled this year. doing America’s business should be While the Administration acknowl- ratifying the World Intellectual Prop- U.S. Senate ratifies the WIPO treaties edges that U.S. oil imports are a na- erty Organization (WIPO) treaties and and the Congress enacts WIPO imple- tional security concern, nothing has enacting WIPO implementing legisla- menting legislation. been done by the Administration to re- tion. To this end, I would like to take Secretary Daley has observed that solve U.S. dependency on foreign oil. a few moments to discuss why we ‘‘the treaties largely incorporate intel- Now, Mr. President, a few up-to-date should care about these WIPO treaties, lectual property norms that are al- statistics: The American Petroleum In- how America will benefit when we rat- ready part of U.S. law.’’ The Adminis- stitute reports that for the week end- ify these treaties, and how we can get tration has concluded that the U.S. ing January 23, the U.S. imported the job done. need only make two substantive changes and several non-substantive 7,776,000 barrels of oil each day, 64,000 WE SHOULD CARE barrels fewer than the 7,840,000 im- Those who care about America’s changes to U.S. law to bring it into ported each day during the same week economy and America’s creative spirit compliance with the treaty require- a year ago. should care about the WIPO treaties. ments. What the treaties will do is give While this is one of the rare weeks Ratification of these treaties will help American owners of copyrighted mate- when Americans imported slightly less protect and enhance U.S. intellectual rial essentially the same protections oil than a year ago, Americans still re- property rights throughout the world. for their intellectual property in those lied on foreign oil for 55 percent of In the body of the Constitution as foreign countries that become party to their needs last week, and there is no originally ratified, the word ‘‘right’’ the treaties as they enjoy here in the sign that the upward spiral will abate. appears only once and that is with re- United States. Before the Persian Gulf War, the gard to the protection of intellectual Let me give you an example. The United States obtained approximately property. From our beginnings as a Na- U.S. already has a distribution right of 45 percent of its oil supply from foreign tion, the Constitution has included the sort provided in the treaty. Many countries. During the Arab oil embargo within Congress’ enumerated powers, other countries, however, do not yet in the 1970s, foreign oil accounted for authority ‘‘To promote the Progress of recognize this right. So if a U.S. pub- only 35 percent of America’s oil supply. Science and useful Arts, by securing lishing company suspects that its Which raises the inevitable question: for limited Times to Authors and In- books are being illegally copied in a is anybody else interested in restoring ventors the exclusive Right to their re- country that does not have a distribu- domestic production of oil—by U.S. spective Writings and Discoveries.’’ tion right, it cannot go after the dis- producers using American workers? The importance of protecting and en- tributor of the illegally copied goods in It is argued that America should use couraging the intellectual creations of that country. Imagine trying to stop il- up foreign oil reserves before tapping our citizens has always been a funda- legal drug usage if you couldn’t go into our the remaining U.S. domestic mental priority for our country and a after the drug distributors. That is the supply. But I submit, Mr. President, responsibility of our national govern- problem that our copyrighted indus- that economic calamity will occur in ment. tries face battling piracy in many America if and when foreign producers Today, millions of Americans owe countries throughout the world today. shut off our supply—or double the al- their jobs and prosperity to industries GETTING THE JOB DONE ready enormous cost of imported oil created by America’s innovators and We should consider and pass the flowing into the U.S.—now 7,776,000 creators. The International Intellec- WIPO Copyright and Performances and barrels a day. tual Property Alliance (IIPA) released Phonograms Treaty Implementation Mr. President, the Foreign Relations a 1996 study prepared by Economists Act, S.1121, which I cosponsored with Committee will continue its examina- Incorporated that outlined the con- Senators HATCH, THOMPSON and KOHL tion of U.S. dependency on foreign oil tribution of U.S. intellectual property last July. I hope that the Senate will

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S206 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 not further delay in examining the im- copyrights that create incentives for depends on our abilities to explore new ways pact of the treaties and the imple- the dissemination to the public of new to address traditional challenges. menting legislation. We need to expe- works and forms of expression. Our preparation for the future is com- plicated also by new proposals that seek to dite the process of resolving issues es- Intellectual property can, at times, improve our physical environment but that sential to S.1121. be arcane and abstract. But these mat- may have a devastating impact on the eco- I intend to work with the Chairman ters have very real and important con- nomic environment in many parts of the of the Judiciary Committee on these sequences to the American economy country, including West Virginia and the important matters. I want to commend and creative spirit, and the viability of chairman’s home state of Ohio. The environ- Senator HATCH for the time he has industries that produce everything mental restrictions that may be imposed and spent and is spending seeking to re- from movies to records to books to the resulting economic impact on many areas make the need for energy research and solve matters that have become im- software depends on it. That means development that much more urgent. pediments to progress on important in- that the American people are depend- As governor of an energy-producing state, tellectual property matters. ing on us to put partisan differences I sense that urgency more acutely, especially Unfortunately, these important legis- aside. We may not make headline news as such R&D would be critical to efforts in lative matters were stalled last year by by working on WIPO implementing leg- three main areas: helping our domestic en- linkage to additional issues not nec- islation, but we will help create Amer- ergy producers meet the challenges of new essary to their enactment. We made no ican jobs. regulations and an economy in transition; exploring ways that energy producing com- progress on the treaties and imple- f panies and traditional industries, which use menting legislation. America cannot significant amounts of energy, can become afford further delay. REMARKS OF GOVERNOR CECIL H. environmentally responsible while maintain- Some have expressed concern that UNDERWOOD ON THE SIGNIFI- ing economic vitality; and developing new ratification of the WIPO treaties and CANCE OF ENERGY RESEARCH markets for traditional energy resources and enactment of implementing legislation AND DEVELOPMENT new applications to meet changing market threaten to increase what they per- opportunities. Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, on yester- Energy-related R&D is a crucial invest- ceive to be a current risk that they day, Wednesday, January 28, the Gov- ment in the future of my state and our coun- will be held liable for copyright in- ernor of the State of West Virginia, try. It is critical to preparing the industries fringements by users whose conduct Cecil H. Underwood, appeared before of our region for the challenges and opportu- they can neither prevent nor control. the Interior Subcommittee of the nities of the new times ahead in the 21st cen- They are demanding legislation lim- House Appropriations Committee to tury. iting their copyright liability and de- testify about the significance of energy ENERGY ISSUES OF THE FUTURE FOR WEST manding that it be resolved before rati- and research development. I ask unani- VIRGINIA fication of the WIPO treaties and pas- mous consent that the text of Governor The best way to determine an appropriate course of action is to determine first the sage of implementing legislation can Underwood’s remarks be printed in the proceed. goal or destination sought. So I begin my RECORD. evaluation with what my state and our na- The extent to which and cir- There being no objection, the text of tion must do with a description of where I cumstances under which copyright li- the remarks was ordered to be printed want us to be in 12 years. ability may be imposed on online serv- in the RECORD, as follows: A Vision for the Year 2010 ice providers is a matter that I believe TESTIMONY OF CECIL H. UNDERWOOD, GOV- Our vision for the year 2010 is that West could easily be dealt with separately ERNOR OF THE STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA, TO Virginia will be a showcase state for effi- from the WIPO treaties and imple- THE INTERIOR SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE HOUSE cient power generation and efficient indus- menting legislation. Were service pro- OF APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE, JANUARY trial energy usage. There will be several vider liability to be considered legisla- 28, 1998 state-of-the-art, highly efficient, environ- tively, I think that Congress would be Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for the oppor- mentally compliant fossil fuel power genera- tion plants in the state. Coal-based genera- better off working toward carefully tunity to testify today about the importance tion plants in West Virginia will be in com- of energy research and development (R&D). I targeted clarifications of the law rath- pliance with all clean air regulations, dem- bring to your deliberations the perspective of er than attempting to legislate whole- onstrating technologies developed in the a governor of an energy-producing state, sale reform that risks becoming obso- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Clean Coal which also relies on energy-intensive indus- Technology program. West Virginia’s manu- lete in a short time, or freezing indus- tries for its economic foundation. I also facturing plants will be highly productive try practices and preventing them from come before you with a regional perspective and energy efficient with virtually all waste evolving as efficiently as possible. as the chairman of the Southern States En- heat and waste materials reused and recy- Vinton Cerf, the co-inventor of the ergy Board. cled. computer networking protocol for the By way of further introduction, as gov- Power generation markets in West Vir- Internet, stated in The New York ernor, I have become a leading advocate of ginia will be competitive, deregulated, and Times: the use of technology in moving our state electricity rates in West Virginia will be forward. As I have said many times through- The Internet is now perhaps the most glob- among the lowest in the nation. Residential, out West Virginia, technology is the vehicle al and democratic form of communications. commercial and industrial customers, both that will drive our state into the 21st cen- No other medium can so easily render out- in and out of the state, will be able to obtain tury. Applications of technology are opening dated our traditional distinctions among lo- power from the most efficient sources. The new avenues for meeting the energy needs of calities, regions and nations. power transmission system will have excess our people, our businesses and our indus- capacity, enabling export of additional We see opportunities to break tries. Energy R&D will be crucial in the cre- power from the state; West Virginia genera- through barriers previously facing ation and application of the technologies tors will have access to the transmission those living in rural settings and those that will fuel our economic engine in the grid at rates that reflect the actual cost of with physical disabilities. Democratic years to come. transmission. We believe that in 2010, as is values can be served by making more Our collective transition into a new cen- the case today, about 75 percent of the power information and services available. tury and millennium makes us more cog- generated in West Virginia will be sold in Technological developments, such as nizant of other economic transitions that are competitive markets out of state and that underway. We are moving toward a more the development of the Internet and re- growth in demand for power generated in global economy, toward a technology-driven West Virginia will average about 2 percent mote computer information databases, and information intensive economy, toward per year. are leading to important advancements boundless applications of new technology Our vision for 2010 is that West Virginia in accessibility and affordability of art, and toward economic diversification that will have a significant involvement in the literature, music, film, information builds upon our industrial foundation. development and demonstration of environ- and services for all Americans. Prop- As we move toward the exciting opportuni- ment technologies that enable domestic fos- erly balancing copyright interests to ties of the new times, our nation must be sil fuels to remain the country’s dominant encourage and reward creativity, while careful that it does not move away from en- fuel for generation of electricity. For exam- ergy-intensive industries that still are eco- ple, West Virginia projects will demonstrate serving the needs of public access is the nomically vibrant and vital or from energy technologies, which reduce the amount of challenge. Historically, the govern- sources that can help meet the growing CO2 introduced into the atmosphere during ment’s role has been to encourage cre- needs of the future. As with all real progress, extraction and use of fossil fuels. Tech- ativity and innovation by protecting though, our success in economic transition nologies to capture CO2 and sequester it in

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S207 deep underground coal mines and gas res- There is growing concern around the world ficiency and reliability and minimize emis- ervoirs will be developed and demonstrated about global climate change due in part to sions; optimize all aspects of power plant op- in the state. burning fossil fuels. West Virginia expects to eration toward increased efficiencies; and ex- Furthermore, West Virginia will be a do its part to prevent global climate change, plore ‘‘in-situ’’ utilization of existing coal major technology innovator for non-CO2 pro- but we strongly believe that greenhouse gas reserves. ducing uses of coal. For example, there will emissions standards should be equitable Develop technologies for eliminating NOX be a growing industry in the state for pro- worldwide and based on science. Allowing de- emissions from diesel engines; explore tech- duction of chemicals and advanced carbon veloping nations to have an unfair advantage nologies for capturing, utilizing and seques- materials made from coal-based feedstocks. over developed nations on the amount of tering CO2; design pollution permit trading In 12 years, the West Virginia coal mining emissions allowed puts the United States— systems that treat fixed and mobile sources industry will continue to be highly efficient and more specifically states, such as West equitably; improve and validate mathe- and use state-of-the-art technologies that Virginia—at a competitive disadvantage. matical models of pollution transport and minimize environmental and social impacts Consideration must be given to potential global climate change phenomenon; increase the reliability and capacity of existing of mining. Current and past mine sites will economic impacts of precipitous CO2 reduc- be reclaimed and waterways will be pro- tions and R&D programs developed to ensure transmission line right-of-ways with use of tected from acid mine drainage. the energy security of the country. improved power electronics, high-tempera- For our basic industries such as aluminum, As a competitive electricity industry ture super conductors, voltage control, pro- steel, glass, chemicals, wood products and evolves and various federal and state-level tection against sudden voltage collapse, im- mining to remain globally competitive in legislative restructuring bills are considered, proved system stability and real-time moni- the year 2010, we believe it will be necessary it is important that West Virginia be able to toring of line temperatures; reduce further for them to continually improve their pro- export power. There should be no barriers to the cost of high-voltage DC transmission ductivity by participating in programs such the sale of low-cost West Virginia electricity lines; improve understanding of how electric as the U.S. DOE’s Industries of the Future to customers in other states. The cost of power markets work. (Studies to determine (IOF) program. For that reason, West Vir- transmitting electricity should reflect the the actual costs of transmitting power so ginia is working with the Office of Industrial actual marginal costs of transmission. Flat economically efficient, i.e., marginal cost, Technologies to develop a state-level IOF rate (postage stamp) pricing schemes for transmission-pricing schemes can be de- program to promote industry, government transmission would weaken West Virginia’s vised); and assess economic and scientific and academic cooperative projects to im- advantage of being a low-cost electricity impacts of rule making. prove industrial productivity through energy producer located near the major East Coast Research and Development Related to Industrial efficiency, waste minimization and use of load centers. Energy Efficiency new technologies. Exporting West Virginia power to out-of- West Virginia is working through the na- In our vision of 2010, West Virginia’s coal state customers requires adequate trans- tional industries of the Future program to and natural gas companies will work to- mission capacity and fair transmission pric- implement an IOF–WV program to identify gether with utilities and high technology ing policies. West Virginia should be in- and conduct multidisciplinary projects, companies on collaborative projects to help cluded in the dialogue on formation of re- which will be of real benefit to West Vir- West Virginia manufacturing industries re- gional transmission groups and procedures ginia’s aluminum, steel, glass, chemical and main globally competitive. for operating the transmission system. wood products industries. At a recent IOF– For the year 2010, we envision at least 25 Formulation of sound energy policy re- WV Symposium in Charleston, the five in- percent of West Virginia’s fleet and com- quires a thorough knowledge of the relative dustry groups were asked to brainstorm the muter vehicles being powered by alternate costs of producing and consuming power question, ‘‘What specific projects should be fuels, such as natural gas, electric, hybrid from various fuels and with various tech- undertaken to increase productivity and re- electric or coal-based diesel. Natural gas re- nologies. For example, the true environ- duce costs through improved energy effi- fueling stations and recharging facilities will mental costs of renewable energy sources ciency, reduced waste, use of new tech- be conveniently located across the state. such as wind, hydro and photovoltaic need to nologies, better inventory and management Furthermore, we anticipate that West Vir- be understood better. Furthermore, the cost systems, etc.?’’ There were 33 project ideas ginia will be participating in a consortium of of externalities such as a military force to from the aluminum industry group, 21 from mid-Atlantic states developing a high-speed, guarantee access to offshore sources of crude the steel industry group, 15 from the glass intercity light-rail transportation system. oil is not reflected in the domestic price of industry group, 26 from the chemical indus- West Virginia will continue to be the larg- petroleum products. try group and 16 from the wood/forest prod- est producer of natural gas east of the Mis- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDED TO ucts group. Over the next year, the IOF–WV sissippi River, as well as a major storage and ACHIEVE THE VISION program will expand to include metal cast- transfer area for interstate natural gas Research must be conducted on cost-effec- ing and mining. Their suggestions for the fields of R&D in- transmission systems. West Virginia is be- tive technologies to minimize emissions of clude: strategies to reduce the cost of power coming a major producer of coalbed meth- greenhouse gases, NO , particulates and X for West Virginia’s energy intensive manu- ane, and by 2010, no coalbed methane will be other pollutants associated with the use of facturing industries, e.g., better energy de- flared or vented to the atmosphere. It will be fossil fuels. Such research could be con- mand management systems; new systems for recovered and used for production of heat ducted through cooperative university, in- improved on-line process monitoring and im- and power. dustry and government agreements, but the proved sensors and controls; development of In addition to coal and natural gas, West R&D priorities must be determined by indus- better waste minimization and recycle strat- Virginia will have by 2010 a diversified port- try. An excellent model for developing indus- egies, e.g., industrial wastewater treatment folio of energy sources including coalbed try-led research agendas is the U.S. DOE’s technologies; product designs for recycling methane, wood residues, waste coal, wind Industries of the future program run by the materials and wastes; more effective recov- and biomass. Office of Industrial Technologies. The U.S. ery and use of industrial waste heat; better POTENTIAL BARRIERS TO ACHIEVING THE VISION DOE Clean Coal Technology program is also strategies for cross industry use of waste and There are several potential barriers to a model of industry/government cost-shared by-product from one process or company as West Virginia achieving its vision for 2010 research that encourages commercial imple- feedstock for another; streamlined environ- relative to power generation and industrial mentation of new technologies to improve mental permitting processes; and evaluation energy efficiency. We have serious concerns efficiency and ameliorate environmental im- of proposed mining sites in terms of poten- with the Environmental Protection Agency’s pacts of coal-based power generation. Such tial acid water production, subsidence and emissions standards for NO , as proposed on technologies are important to the energy se- impacts on roads, bridges and scenic areas. x curity of the country in the event crude oil November 7, 1997. Likewise, our state is also FUNDING FOR ENERGY AND INDUSTRIAL supplies are interrupted or the price of nat- concerned about how, as a result of the EFFICIENCY R&D ural gas increases sharply. Kyoto Conference, new restrictions on green- Deregulation and competition in the elec- Research and Development Related to Power house gases—in particular CO2—could have a tricity industry could lead to reduced spend- devastating impact on the cost of energy Generation and Transmission ing by the private sector on long-range en- production and the economy of our state. Several fields present compelling opportu- ergy related R&D. The federal government EPA’s proposal prescribes an overall NOx nities to explore strategies and new ap- must provide leadership with incentive pro- reduction of 44 percent from West Virginia proaches that would: increase efficiency and grams to co-fund development and imple- sources. This would require power plants in reduce the costs of producing electricity mentation of a spectrum of energy tech- the state to reduce their NOx emissions by as with new technologies such as low NOX burn- nologies. The DOE and the states will need much as 85 percent from 1990 levels and other ers, fuel cells, coal gasification combined to develop cooperative R&D programs appro- industrial/manufacturing sectors by 25 per- cycle, cofiring with biomass or natural gas, priate to the needs and resources of indi- cent to 70 percent. The impact on the state etc.; improve efficiencies on retrofit tech- vidual states. could be severe, jeopardizing up to 11,000 jobs nologies, reduce pollution emissions and ex- All stakeholders must make investments in the manufacturing and power generation tend the life of existing power plants; con- in energy R&D. Although generation is being industries—more than 12 percent of West tinue investment in certain clean coal tech- deregulated, transmission and distribution of Virginia’s industrial work force. nologies to further reduce costs, improve ef- electricity will remain regulated. State and

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S208 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 federal laws on restructuring of the elec- Shevardnadze, celebrated his 70th Russia, and he returned to his native tricity industry can authorize wire charges birthday. President Shevardnadze is Georgia. Georgia was in an advanced or other fees to develop a pool of funding for one of the central international polit- state of shambles, with the economy energy R&D projects. The energy industries ical figures of our age, and has been devastated following the breakup of in West Virginia must play leading roles in developing resources to support R&D on en- pivotal in the transformation of the the Soviet Union. The country was in a vironmentally compliant technologies for communist Soviet empire into a group state of ruinous civil war. fossil-based power generation. Investment in of nation states which have now em- Shevardnadze entered political life implementing these technologies also will be braced the goals of individual freedom, there, and was elected president of required. democratic processes, and free market Georgia in November 1995, with over 70 To retain the interest and involvement of economics. It is noteworthy that this percent of the vote. Currently, he also West Virginia companies in the Industries of transformation, the dismantling of an serves as the Commander in Chief of the Future program, it is necessary that we empire with large intelligence and the armed forces of Georgia, and has make rapid progress toward funding for joint military forces, and with a history of brought new hope, stability, and eco- projects, which will benefit their future sur- vivability and competitiveness. We are cur- inbred hostility toward the West, oc- nomic development to that nation. A rently working with five industry sectors curred absent any violent confronta- new constitution has been adopted, and (aluminum, steel, glass, chemicals and wood/ tion with the United States, or our Eu- Shevardnadze has secured the transpor- forest products) and plan to add metal cast- ropean allies. tation of Caspian oil through Georgia ing and mining. A budget of about $1,750,000 Much of the credit for this peaceful and negotiated a number of agreements per year would be required to run a meaning- transformation, the ending of the Ber- with both Russia and the neighboring ful state-level IOF program. lin Wall and the cooperation between Caucasus states. As the current ambas- State and federal incentive programs that the Soviet leadership and the United sador of Georgia to the U.S., the Hon- encourage companies to invest in new tech- States on major arms control and re- orable Tedo Japaridze, has written to nologies that save energy and minimize emissions should be expanded. The U.S. duction agreements, rightfully belongs me regarding President Shevardnadze’s DOE’s existing program in National Indus- to the enlightened and forceful person- goals, ‘‘he is committed to build de- trial Competitiveness through Energy, Envi- ality of Mr. Shevardnadze. His role em- mocracy in Georgia, brick by brick.’’ ronment, Economics (NICE–3) Is an effective phasizes the crucial part played by per- Eduard Shevardnadze is a man who mechanism to encourage private-sector In- sonalities in the shaping of the major has made a difference in our age, and vestment in new energy efficient tech- events of human history. He serves as he will continue to make a difference. nologies. an example that history is shaped to a He has many admirers in the United The U.S. DOE’s State Energy Program pro- large extent by individual men, rather States, including myself, and I wish vides funding directly to the states, permit- than by social movements or economic him well on the event of his 70th birth- ting them the flexibility to support energy day. initiatives that are uniquely Important to imperatives. their situations. In West Virginia, a corner- For instance, Russian cooperation I yield the floor. stone of the State Energy Program is our with the United States in working to Mr. ABRAHAM addressed the Chair. work with industry to identify process mod- condemn, and then oust, Saddam Hus- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ernization opportunities. These industrial sein’s forces from their occupation of ator from Michigan. projects yield meaningful cost-savings and Kuwait was to a large extent due to the f environmental benefits that are key to the courageous support of Mr. TRIBUTE TO JOHN McGOFF long-term health of our nation’s industries. Shevardnadze in the face of opposition International trade treaties require that our Mr. ABRAHAM. Mr. President, I rise industries become more competitive. West from forces in Russia which wanted to today to pay tribute to a good friend Virginia became the first state to institute a preserve a historic Russian-Iraqi alli- and a business leader from my State state level Industry of the Future program. ance. His help in establishing a cooper- who recently passed away, Mr. John Another Important component of our en- ative relationship with the United McGoff. Mr. McGoff was one of our ergy program is the promotion of alternative States regarding the invasion of Iraq State’s most successful business lead- fuels. Through the State Energy Program, actually forced Gorbachev’s hand and we are supporting alternate fuels training ers, making his fortune, and his im- trumped the Soviet security bureauc- pact, primarily in the area of pub- programs, as well as development of a com- racies. It has been well documented pressed natural gas fueling infrastructure. lishing. He owned a number of news West Virginia was one of the first states to that Shevardnadze quickly shed the publications and was a great success, Initiate a statewide Clean Cities program. negative approach to East-West rela- but I think he would prefer to be re- The overall goal of the State Energy Pro- tions that was the hallmark of former membered for several other things he gram is to enhance our nation’s energy secu- Russian Foreign Minister Andrei Gro- achieved in his lifetime. rity. myko when Shevardnadze took over First was his great sense of commu- SUMMARY the Foreign Ministry of the Soviet nity spirit. Mr. McGoff was truly a In summary, production and utilization of Union in 1985. Both former Secretaries man who loved the communities in fossil fuels, generation and transmission of of States George Shultz and James which he lived. He invested consider- electricity and energy intensive manufac- Baker have written extensively about ably, out of his own resources, in the turing industries dominate the economy of Shevardnadze and praised his many communities in which he resided, in West Virginia. We envision our low-cost elec- contributions to the ending of the cold the schools of those communities, in tricity and manufacturerd goods as being war. As a former U.S. Ambassador to critical to the energy security and industrial our State’s university system, and in a competitiveness of the nation throughout the Soviet Union, Jack Matlock, has variety of other valuable institutions. the next century. The energy research needs written in the September 25, 1997, issue In fact, when tribute was paid to him and agenda outlined in this paper are of of the ‘‘New York Review of Books,’’ last Saturday, it was in an auditorium great Importance to our state. We are com- ‘‘If Gorbachev had been served by a less in the high school serving the tiny mitted to participating in partnerships and imaginative and courageous foreign town in which he lived, an auditorium coalitions to develop resources and to carry minister it is doubtful that the cold which he personally had built with his out the R&D program. West Virginia wishes war could have been ended as rapidly own dollars. to participate fully in the energy/environ- and definitively as it was.’’ I think John McGoff also would want ment/economic policy debates. We very Shevardnadze served as Soviet For- much appreciate the opportunity to present to be remembered as a man who loved our thoughts to the Interior Subcommittee eign Minister from 1985–1991, and pre- his country. He put this love to the of the U.S. House of Representatives Appro- sided over the rapid transformation of test by serving in the United States priations Committee and look forward to East-West relations and the end of the military. He served with distinction in further discussions and actions. cold war. It was, as I have said, an ex- the infantry during World War II, both f traordinary era in which we have all in North Africa and in Europe. He also been fortunate to participate in and to played an active role in the political EDUARD SHEVARDNADZE witness. In 1991, Eduard Shevardnadze process, in our State and at the na- Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, on Janu- resigned as Soviet Foreign Minister in tional level. ary 25, 1998, this past Sunday, the protest over what he perceived as the He was committed to the discussion President of Georgia, Eduard coming of a military dictatorship in of public policy. And he acted on this

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S209 commitment, not only through the further consideration of S. 1297 and fur- issue forward in an expeditious fashion. newspapers he owned, but also through ther the Senate proceed to its imme- I do believe President’s Reagan’s up- his efforts to launch a variety of other diate consideration, and further, that coming birthday is an important time publications, including one of today’s there be one amendment in order rel- for us to mark this occasion. I thank most successful law journals, the Har- ative to the modification of the origi- Senator COVERDELL, whose original vard Journal of Law and Public Policy, nal bill, with total time for debate lim- thought I believe this was, along with which he helped to initiate through ited to 2 hours equally divided between the encouragement of millions of personal investments. Senators MCCAIN and HOLLINGS or their Americans all across the country. I Mostly, I think John McGoff would designees, and, following the debate, have a longer statement, I would say to want to be remembered as a man who the Senate proceed to a vote on or in the majority leader, that I would like loved his family. Indeed, I can remem- relation to the amendment, to be fol- to give after his remarks, but let me ber how, on virtually every occasion in lowed by third reading and final pas- just say, briefly, I find this—I find this which we were together I would receive sage. I further ask that if a rollcall astounding, that we would block this. a detailed account of every one of his vote is requested in relation to the There have been many fallen leaders. children, what they were doing and amendment or passage, the votes be There are many former Presidents we what their most recent achievements postponed to occur on Tuesday, Feb- have had, and living Presidents, that— and challenges were. When we paid him ruary 3, at a time to be determined by there has never been any problem with tribute last Saturday, each of those the majority leader after notification the naming of things. I have been told children was there to help remember of the minority leader. that there may be an effort to name their father and to pay great testament The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. the Justice Department after the late to his wonderful life. SANTORUM). Is there objection? Robert F. Kennedy. I would strongly So, on behalf, I know, of many people Mr. DASCHLE. Reserving the right support such a thing and I believe most in our State who certainly will miss to object, and I will be compelled to ob- of my colleagues on the other side of John McGoff and regret his passing, I ject at this time, for several reasons. want to say his was a full life, one of the aisle would also. But for us to First, there are a number of Demo- block this at this time, given President great success; the life of a person who cratic Senators who want the oppor- loved his community, loved his coun- Reagan’s condition—which we all are tunity—to have a right to offer perhaps try, loved his family—truly loved very well aware of—I think is unfortu- more than one amendment. There may America and everything for which she nate and, even worse, if this blocks this or may not be opposition to this legis- stands. well-intentioned proposal to honor one The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- lation, but there certainly is cause for of the most decent and nonpartisan and jority leader. some consideration of aspects to this kindly people that I have ever had the issue that may not be as evident as we privilege of knowing in politics, I think f consider the prospect of a bill of this it would be a terrible mistake. UNANIMOUS CONSENT REQUEST— nature today: The costs associated I yield back to the majority leader. I S. 1295 with it; the process that we use in will have further remarks later on. I Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I have a naming national or important public thank the majority leader. unanimous consent request with regard facilities; people have raised the ques- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- to S. 1295, which is the naming of the tion of whether it is appropriate for us jority leader. National Airport the Ronald Reagan to take the name Washington off of the Mr. LOTT. I thank the chairman of Airport. But before I propound that re- name of this particular airport—iron- the committee, Senator MCCAIN, for quest, let me say I want to make some ically, the same month that we cele- his comments. I know we will be inter- comments after we have this request, brate President Washington’s birthday. ested in hearing the balance of his about why we are doing this, and put in So we celebrate not only one but two comments. I thank him for allowing the RECORD some of the history about birthdays in February. The name me to explain a little bit about what is what is involved. I have been talking to Washington is very prominent in Feb- going on here, if I could. the principal sponsor, Senator COVER- ruary, as is President Reagan’s of First of all I want to emphasize that DELL. I know he has been talking to course. Some have even asked whether the proposal is to name National Air- Members on both sides of the aisle. the Reagan family wants this to be port, which is commonly referred to as Senator DASCHLE and I have talked done. Washington National Airport, the Ron- about it. I don’t think we have, it So, Mr. President, there are a lot of ald Reagan Washington National Air- would appear, an agreement worked very legitimate questions. As I say, port. Washington National Airport was out as to how this is to be considered, there are a number of Democratic Sen- not named after George Washington. It but I hope we can continue to talk ators who may or may not be in sup- was named after the District of Colum- about why this is important, why we port of this legislation, following the bia, to denote a location, a physical lo- want to do it, and see if an agreement exploration of many of these issues. So cation. I think everybody would under- can be worked out. I think it is the I do not think it would be in our best stand that that would be appropriate, right thing to do. interests to proceed today. I have had the Ronald Reagan Washington Na- One week from Friday is the birthday some discussions with the distin- tional Airport. of former President Ronald Reagan. I guished majority leader about the mat- This idea, as I understand it, origi- think it would be a very good and a ter, and will continue to do so in an ef- nally came from the immediately-past magnanimous gesture by the Congress fort to resolve these questions and try Governor of Virginia, the State where and by the President of the United to find a way with which to assure that this airport is located. That was the States if he could be able to sign this this issue is fully explored and debated first time I ever heard it was from bill on President Ronald Reagan’s without unnecessary delay. former Governor George Allen. birthday. That is why the timing is So, on the basis of all of those rel- The principal sponsor, Senator critical and why we want to go ahead evant issues, Mr. President, I object. COVERDELL, has worked in previous Re- and begin to talk about it. Because The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- publican administrations, has been Senators on both sides of the aisle had tion is heard. The majority leader. committed to this and has been doing conflicts today, we are not going to be Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I yield to very good work in the preparation for able to vote on it today—or would not the chairman of the committee that this to happen. As for my personal sit- have been able to vote on it, probably, has jurisdiction in this area. uation, I had the clear impression that today, anyway. But it is my hope, my f this was something that was supported intent, that we could get it done next by the family and friends of the Presi- Tuesday and then complete the process RENAMING WASHINGTON NA- dent. so we could do this in recognition of TIONAL AIRPORT ‘‘RONALD But I also want to emphasize again this great President. REAGAN NATIONAL AIRPORT’’ something I noted earlier. The reason I ask unanimous consent the Com- Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I thank why we want to do it early is not just merce Committee be discharged from the majority leader for bringing this because we are looking for work, not

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S210 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 just because we want to ram it I don’t think we ought to make it a not, it isn’t really surprising. After all, so through—I really thought it would go practice to do it immediately or while many people have been proved wrong by through, you know, on a shouted unan- they are still in office. But for special Ronald Reagan that they simply daren’t ac- imous vote. It’s because it is a special people and special occasions, I think it knowledge his achievement. Forests have already been pulped to print time in the life of a man who has makes us a greater people. the revisionist analyses of the ’80s. Those meant so much to this country and to I would like to include some exam- who were once so confident of the superi- so many of us. ples of memorials and monuments that ority of the Soviet system that they advo- In my 29 years in political life, this in the past have been named for U.S. cated appeasement of it now pretend to be- man, former President Ronald Reagan, Presidents: John F. Kennedy Center for lieve that it was doomed to inevitable col- has meant more than any other single the Performing Arts, 1963; James Madi- lapse. Tell that to the Russians! The former person. I think history will show clear- son Building, 1965; Lyndon B. Johnson Soviet ministers didn’t, and don’t, doubt the ly he is one of the two greatest Presi- National Historic Site, 1969; Harry S. seriousness of the struggle, even if Western liberal commentators do. dents of this century, and in my opin- Truman Dam and Reservoir, 1970; Lyn- No one in the West appreciates all this bet- ion, the greatest by far. So I was very don B. Johnson Memorial Grove, 1973; ter—and no one served the President and comfortable with moving it quickly, Lyndon B. Johnson Manned Spacecraft this country more loyally—than Cap Wein- because of the birthday consideration. Center, 1973; Lyndon B. Johnson Civil- berger, here to receive the award on Ronald Keep in mind, now, this is a President, ian Conservation Corps Center, 1974; Reagan’s behalf. He was also a great friend as you would expect from Ronald Gerald Ford Building, 1977; Herbert to Britain, above all during the Falklands Reagan, who is sort of riding off into Hoover Building, 1981; Dwight D. Eisen- War. It’s nice to be among conservatives. It’s the sunset. He has been a credit to our still nicer to be among friends. hower Interstate System, 1990; Theo- When the Heritage Foundation asked me country in so many ways, and since he dore Roosevelt Building, 1992; Ronald to make the virtue of courage the center- has been President he has gone back to Reagan United States Courthouse, 1992; piece of this lecture, I was not displeased. Of his beloved California and he has been Woodrow Wilson Plaza, 1994; Ronald the four cardinal virtues (courage, temper- battling a terrible disease that mil- Reagan Federal Building and Inter- ance, justice and prudence) it is the last lions of Americans have to deal with, national Trade Center, 1995. (prudence) that the ancient philosophers tra- Alzheimer’s disease. It is one of the I do believe that we want to do this ditionally placed at the moral apex. They did programs, one of the diseases where we in a bipartisan way. I know there are so because they understood, quite rightly, really don’t fund adequate research. We some in both parties in this country that without that practical, seemingly rath- er dull virtue, none of the others could be hear all of these other things that are who are not all that excited about correctly applied. You have to know when really looked into at NIH, all these this—with good reason, I understand and how to be brave, or self-controlled or other research programs, all these that. But I also know there are people fair-minded, in particular situations. Pru- other problems, yet this one probably on both sides of the aisle and all over dence—or what I would prefer to call a good, gets the short end of the stick. the country who don’t care about par- hearty helping of common sense—shows the So I have been proud, and saddened, tisan politics who feel like this should way. by the fact that he is afflicted, now in be done. COURAGE AND CHARM OF RONALD REAGAN an advancing way, with this terrible Maybe I am influenced in bringing But in my political lifetime I believe that disease. So I want, in any way we can, this up by a speech I read just a couple it is fortitude or courage that we’ve most to say to him how much we appreciate weeks ago by Margaret Thatcher, an- needed and often, I fear, most lacked. him, what he has done for our country, other great leader in this century, a Today we are particularly conscious of the and to his family and the sacrifices courage of Ronald Reagan. It was easy for speech she made on December 10, 1997, his contemporaries to ignore it: He always they made. Every President makes sac- at the Sheraton Washington Hotel. seemed so calm and relaxed, with natural rifices to be President, and their fami- I ask unanimous consent that her en- charm, unstudied self-assurance, and un- lies probably even more. So that is tire speech be printed in the RECORD. quenchable good humor. He was always what is the driving force here. Who he There being no objection, the speech ready with just the right quip—often self- is, what he is going through, what he was ordered to be printed in the deprecatory, though with a serious purpose— has meant to this country, what he has RECORD, as follows: so as to lighten the darkest moments and give all around him heart. The excellent re- meant to so many of us, and the fact [From Human Events, Jan. 16, 1998] cent study by Dinesh D’Souza refreshed my that it is a special time in his life. HOW REAGAN’S COURAGE CHANGED THE WORLD The point is made, this is not an ap- memory about some of these occasions and The following is the text of the speech de- told me of others which I didn’t previously propriate edifice. It is really not that livered by former British Prime Minister know. pretty. It is new. Margaret Thatcher at the Heritage Founda- Right from the beginning, Ronald Reagan Or that, ‘‘Gee, it may not even be tion’s gala 25th anniversary dinner at the set out to challenge everything that the lib- here in 25 or 50 years. We need some- Sheraton Washington Hotel, Dec. 10, 1997: eral political elite of America accepted and thing, a monument, that will be there It is a great honor to be asked to be the in- sought to propagate. for 100 years, 200 years or 1,000 years.’’ augural speaker of this series of lectures on They believed that America was doomed to I think there is some merit to that. ‘‘The Principles of Conservatism’’ organized decline. He believed it was destined for fur- Some people say, ‘‘We have this to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Her- ther greatness. building down on Pennsylvania Avenue itage Foundation. Heritage has flown the They imagined that sooner or later there flag for conservatism over this last quarter- would be convergence between the free West- that is going to be named after him,’’ century with pride and distinction. ern system and the socialist Eastern system, and that is fine. It is not as if we can I’ve always considered America fortunate and that some kind of social democratic out- only name one facility. I don’t know in having an apparently inexhaustible supply come was inevitable. He, by contrast, consid- how many Roosevelt monuments and of conservative thinkers prepared to chal- ered that socialism was a patent failure memorials we have. That’s OK, and I lenge the fashionable liberal consensus. That which should be cast onto the trash heap of voted for memorials and monuments to is a tribute to the intellectual energy and history. a lot of Democrats. I don’t think we the taste for debate which are so char- They thought that the problem with Amer- acteristic of this great country and which ica was the American people, though they vote on these things because they are sometimes seem distressingly absent in con- didn’t quite put it like that. He thought that Democrat or Republican. Once they be- temporary Europe. But it is also a tribute to the problem with America was the American come a former Secretary of State, like Heritage (and in particular to Ed Feulner) government, and he did put it just like that. John Foster Dulles, or former Presi- that these conservative thinkers have been The political elite were prepared to kow- dent Kennedy, they are a former Presi- motivated and sustained in their mission. tow to the counterculture that grew up on dent or a former Secretary, and, in It is no less an honor—and, dare I say, still American campuses, fed by a mixture of many instances, we owe them an awful more of a pleasure—to be invited here on the high-brow dogma and low-brow self-indul- lot. occasion of the presentation of the Clare gence. Gov. Reagan would have none of it I even think somebody said, ‘‘Usually Booth Luce award to my old friend Ronald and expressed his disdain in his own inimi- Reagan. table fashion. we wait until they have passed on.’’ I President Reagan is one of the greatest On one occasion students, chanting outside think it is a ridiculous idea. What good men of our time, and one of the greatest the governor’s limousine, held up a placard is it to them then? Do they have any American Presidents of all time. If that is bearing the modest inscription. ‘‘We Are the idea how much they meant to us then? not fully appreciated today, and sadly it is Future.’’ The governor scribbled down his

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S211 reply and held it up to the car window. It Of course, there were always some honest The world has, of course, seen many inter- read: ‘‘I’ll sell my bonds.’’ men struggling to arrest the decline, or at national doctrines—Monroe, Truman, and In those days, of course, there were not least to ameliorate its consequences. The Brezhnev have all made their contributions, many people buying bonds in Ronald Reagan. doctrine of ‘‘containment’’ was envisaged as some more positive than others. But for my But from the very first time I met him I felt a way of conducting a strategic resistance to money it is the Reagan doctrine, spelt out that I had to invest. I was leader of the Oppo- Communist incursion. Similarly, the doc- very clearly in the speech he gave to British sition—one of the most tricky posts in Brit- trine of ‘‘de´tente’’ also had its honorable parliamentarians in the Palace of West- ish politics—when Gov. Reagan paid me a Western advocates—none more so than minster in 1982, that has had the best and visit. The impression is still vivid in my Henry Kissinger. But the fact remains that it greatest impact. mind—not so vivid that I can remember ex- meant different things to different sides. This was a rejection of both containment actly what he said, only the clarity with For the West, de´tente signified—as the and de´tente. It proclaimed that the truce which he set forth his beliefs and the way he word itself literally means—an easing in ten- with communism was over. The West would put large truths and complex ideas into sim- sion between the two superpowers and two henceforth regard no area of the world as ple language. blocs. This made a certain sense at the time, destined to forgo its liberty simply because As soon as I met Gov. Reagan, I knew that because it reduced the risk of a nuclear con- the Soviets claimed it to be within their we were of like mind, and manifestly so did frontation which Western unpreparedness sphere of influence. We would fight a battle he. We shared a rather unusual philosophy, had brought closer because we had allowed of ideas against communism, and we would and we shared something else rather unusual our conventional defenses to run down. give material support to those who fought to as well: We were in politics because we want- But it also threatened to lead us into a recover their nations from tyranny. ed to put our philosophy into practice. fatal trap. For to the Soviets, de´tente sig- President Reagan could have no illusion RONALD REAGAN’S ACHIEVEMENT nified merely the promotion of their goal of about the opposition he would face at home world domination while minimizing the risk in embarking on this course: He had, after Ronald Reagan has changed America and of direct military confrontation. all, seen these forces weaken the West the world, but the changes he made were to So under the cloak of wordy communique´s throughout the ’70s. restore historic conservative values, not to about peace and understanding, the Soviet But he used his inimitable ability to speak impose artificially constructed ones. Union expanded its nuclear arsenal and its to the hearts of the American people and to Take his economic policy, for example. It navy, engaged in continual doctrinal war- appeal over the heads of the cynical, can’t-do was certainly a very radical thing to do fare, and subverted states around the globe elite. He and Cap Weinberger made no secret when he removed regulations and cut taxes by means of its own advisers and the armed of the objective: military superiority. The and left the Fed to squeeze out inflation by forces of its surrogates. There was only one Soviets understood more quickly than his monetary means. Supply-side economics, destination to which this path could lead— domestic critics the seriousness of what was Reaganomics, Voodoo economics—all these that of Western defeat. And that’s where we at stake. The Russian rhetoric grew more descriptions and mis-descriptions testified to were heading. violent; but an understanding that the game the perception of what was proposed as This was a message which few newspapers was up gradually dawned in the recesses of something outlandish. But it really wasn’t and commentators wanted to hear. It was at the Politburo. and Ronald Reagan knew it wasn’t. this time—the mid-1970s—that after one such It is well-known that I encouraged Presi- After all, if you believe that it’s business speech I was generously awarded by the So- dent Reagan to ‘‘do business’’ with President success that creates prosperity and jobs, you viet military newspaper Red Star the sobri- Gorbachev. I also still give credit to Mr. leave business as free as you possibly can to quet of the ‘‘Iron Lady.’’ Gorbachev for introducing freedom of speech succeed. If you thing that it’s governments— You might imagine that it would be easier and of religion into the Soviet Union. taxing, spending, regulating, and printing to call for a return to military strength and But let’s be clear: The Soviet power bro- money—that distort the business environ- national greatness in the United States, a kers knew that they had to choose a re- ment and penalize success, you stop govern- superpower, than in the United Kingdom, a former because they understood that the old ment doing these things. middle-ranking power. But, oddly enough, I strategy of intimidating and subverting If, at the deepest level, you have con- doubt it. would not work with Ronald Reagan in the fidence in the talent and enterprise of your America, as I found from my visits in the White House and—who knows?—even Mar- own people you express that confidence, you ’70s and early ’80s, had suffered a terrible de- garet Thatcher in 10 Downing Street. give them faith and hope. Ronald Reagan did cline of confidence in its role in the world. The final straw for the Evil Empire was all these things—and it worked. This was essentially a psychological crisis, the Strategic Defense Initiative [SDI]. Presi- Today’s American prosperity in the late not a reflection of realities. We now know dent Reagan was, I believe, deliberately and 1990s is the result, above all, of the funda- that the arms build-up by the Soviets at that cunningly tempted by the Soviets at Rey- mental shift of direction President Reagan time was an act of desperation. The Soviet kjavik. They made ever more alluring offers promoted in the 1980s. Union was dangerous—deadly dangerous— to cut their nuclear arsenals, and the Presi- Perhaps it’s something of an irony that it’s but the danger was that from a wounded dent, who was a genuine believer in a nu- an administration of instinctive spenders predator, not some proud beast of the jungle. clear-weapons-free world (it was one of the and regulators that now is reaping much of The more intelligent Soviet apparatchiks few things we disagreed about), thought he the political reward. But we conservatives had grasped that the economic and social was making progress. shouldn’t really be that surprised, for it was system of the USSR was crumbling. The only There was no mention of SDI, and it ap- the departure from some of those conserv- chance for the state that had so recently peared that the Soviets had tacitly accepted ative principles, after Ronald Reagan and I pledged to bury the West, but which was now that its future was not for negotiation. Then, left office, that left conservative politicians being buried by its own cumulative incom- at the very last moment, they insisted that in both our countries out in the cold. One of petence, was to win an arms race. It would SDI be effectively abandoned. The President Thatcher’s iron laws is that conservative have to rely for its survival on the ability to immediately refused, the talks ended in acri- governments that put up taxes lose elec- terrify its opponents with the same success mony, and in the media he was heavily criti- tions. as it had terrified its own citizens. cized. It is, however, for fighting and winning the A totally planned society and economy has But it was on that day, when a lesser man Cold War that Ronald Reagan deserves the the ability to concentrate productive capac- would have compromised, that he showed his most credit—and credit not just from Ameri- ity on some fixed objective with a reasonable mettle. cans, but from the rest of what we called in degree of success, and do it better than lib- As a result of his courage, work on the SDI those days the Free World, and from those in eral democracies. But totalitarianism can program continued and the Soviets under- the former Communist states who can now work like this only for a relatively short stood that their last gambit had failed. breathe the air of liberty. time, after which the waste, distortions and Three years later, when Mr. Gorbachev President Reagan’s ‘‘expert critics’’ used corruption increase intolerably. peacefully allowed Eastern Europe to slide to complain that he didn’t really understand So the Soviet Union had to aim at global out of Soviet control, Ronald Reagan’s ear- communism. But he understood it a great dominance, and achieve it quickly, because lier decision to stand firm was vindicated. deal better than they did. He had seen at given a free competition between systems, The Soviets at last understood that the best first hand its malevolent influence, under no one would wish to choose that of the So- they could hope for was to be allowed to re- various guises and through various fronts, viets. Their problem was that even though form their system, not to impose it on the working by stealth for the West’s destruc- they diverted the best of their talent and a rest of the world. tion. huge share of their GDP to the military com- And, of course, as soon as they embarked He had understood that it thrived on the plex, they lacked the moral and material re- upon serious reform, the artificial construct fear, weakness and spinelessness of the sources to achieve superiority. That would of the USSR, sustained by lies and violence West’s political class. Because that class be apparent as soon as the West found lead- for more than half a century, imploded with itself had so little belief in Western values, ers determined to face them down. a whimper. it could hardly conceal a sneaking admira- This was what Ronald Reagan, with my en- The idea that such achievements were a tion for those of the Soviet Union. For these thusiastic support and that of a number of matter of luck is frankly laughable. Yes, the people, the retreat of Western power—from other leaders, set out as President to do. And President had luck. But he deserved the luck Asia, from Africa, from South America—was he did it on the basis of a well-considered he enjoyed. Fortune favors the brave, the the natural way of the world. and elaborated doctrine. saying runs.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S212 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 As this hero of our times faces his final place in a dictator’s hands and the enormous goal is to subordinate American and other and most merciless enemy, he shows the difficulty of removing it. Chemical and bio- national sovereignties to multilateral au- same quiet courage which allowed him to logical weapons and the components for nu- thorities; their long-term goal, one suspects, break the world free of a monstrous creed clear weapons can be all too easily con- is to establish the UN as a kind of embryo without a shot being fired. President cealed. world government. Reagan: Your friends salute you! The proliferation of ballistic missile tech- Surely the crisis in the former Yugoslavia should have shown the folly of these illu- NEW CHALLENGES FACE THE WEST nology also greatly adds to the menace. Ac- cording to the Defense Studies Center at sions. There the tragic farce of European Democracies, like human beings, have a Lancaster University in Britain, 35 non- Union meddling only prolonged the aggres- tendency to relax when the worst is over. NATO countries now have ballistic missiles. sion and the United Nations proved incapa- Our Western democracies accordingly re- Of these, the five ‘‘rogue states’’—Iraq, Iran, ble of agreeing on effective action. We are laxed—both at home and abroad—in the pe- Libya, Syria and North Korea—are a par- still trying to make the flawed Dayton Set- riod after the fall of the Berlin Wall. ticular worry. tlement—which neither the EU nor the UN It was, of course, right that in this period North Korea has been supplying ballistic could have brought about—the basis of a there should be a new look at priorities. The missiles to those who can afford them, and it lasting peace in that troubled region. threat from the Soviet Union was much di- The future there is unpredictable, but one continues to develop more advanced long- minished—both directly in Europe and indi- thing I do venture to predict: The less Amer- range missiles, with a range of 2,500 to 4,000 rectly in regional conflicts that they had ica leads, and the more authority slips back miles. According to U.S. sources, all of once exploited. to unwieldy international committees and Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, much of the At least the worst errors of the past were their officials, the more difficulties will Pacific, and most of Russia could soon be avoided—America stayed militarily com- arise. threatened by these latest North Korean mitted to Europe, NATO remained the International relations today are in a kind missiles. linchpin of Western security and, in spite of of limbo. Few politicians and diplomats real- Once they are available in the Middle East the protectionist instincts of the European ly believe that any power other than the and North Africa, all the capitals of Europe Union, progress continued with reducing bar- United States can guarantee the peace or will be within target range. And on present riers to trade. punish aggression. But neither is there suffi- trends a direct threat to American shores is These elements of continuity were crucial cient cohesion in the West to give America likely to mature early in the next century. to the relative security and (in spite of the the moral and material support she must Diplomatic pressure to restrict prolifera- turbulence in the Far East) the considerable have to fulfill that role. tion, though it may be useful, can never be prosperity we enjoy today. These were the This has to change. America’s duty is to a sufficient instrument in itself. It is impor- positive aspects. lead. The other Western countries’ duty is to tant that the West remain able and willing— But there are also worrying negative ones. support its leadership. and is known to be able and willing—to take Different countries will contribute in dif- Each will require new acts of political cour- preemptive action if that should ultimately ferent ways. Britain is closer to the United age to overcome. States by culture, language and history than First, lower defense spending in America, become necessary. But it is also vital that progress be made is any other European country. British pub- Britain and elsewhere was used not to cut towards the construction of an effective lic opinion is therefore readier to back taxes and so boost prosperity, but rather the global defense against missile attack. This American initiatives. Moreover, Britain’s so-called Peace Dividend went principally to would be a large and costly venture to which highly professional armed forces allow us to pay for welfare. This in turn has harmed our America’s allies must be prepared to con- make a unique practical contribution when countries both socially and economically, tribute. It would require a rare degree of the necessity arises. worsening trends which had already become courageous statesmanship to carry it But the fundamental equation holds good manifest. through. for all of us: Provided Western countries Welfare dependency is bad for families and But it is also difficult to overstate the ter- unite under American leadership, the West bad for the taxpayer. It makes it less nec- rible consequences if we were to fail to take will remain the dominant global influence. If essary and less worthwhile to work. The pro- measures to protect our populations while we do not, the opportunity for rogue states motion of idleness leads, as it always does, and new tyrannical powers to exploit our di- there is still time to do so. to the growth of vice, irresponsibility and visions will increase, and so will the danger Thirdly, political courage will be required crime. to all. constantly to restate the case for Western The bonds which hold society together are So the task for conservatives today is to unity under American leadership. America weakened. The bill—for single mothers, for revive a sense of Western identity, unity and was left by the end of the Cold War as the ef- delinquency, for vandalism—mounts. In resolve. The West is after all not just some fective global power of last resort, the only some areas a generation grows up without ephemeral Cold War construct. It is the core superpower. But there was also a widespread solid roots or sound role models, without of a civilization which has carried all before reluctance to face up to this reality. self-esteem or hope. it, transforming the outlook and pattern of The same mentality which Ronald Reagan It is extraordinary what damage is some- life of every continent. had had to overcome was at work. Large times done in the name of compassion. The It is time to proclaim our beliefs in the numbers of intellectuals and commentators, risk of reversing the growth of welfare de- wonderful creativity of the human spirit, in uneasy at the consequences of a victory pendency and repairing the structure of the the rights of property and the rule of law, in whose causes they had never properly under- traditional family is one of the most dif- the extraordinary fecundity of enterprise stood, sought to submerge America and the ficult we in the West face. and trade, and in the Western cultural herit- West in a new, muddled multilateralism. Secondly, the post-Cold War slackening of age, without which our liberty would long I suppose it’s not surprising. As Irving resolve has led to a lack of military pre- ago have degenerated into license or col- Kristol once noted, ‘‘No modern nation has paredness. Understandably, with the end of lapsed into tyranny. ever constructed a foreign policy that was the Cold War the sense of omnipresent dan- These are as much the tasks of today as acceptable to its intellectuals.’’ they were of yesterday, as much the duty of ger receded. Less excusably, the fact that the In fact, it is as if some people take a per- conservative believers now as they were Soviet Union and its successor states no verse delight in learning the wrong lessons when Ronald Reagan and I refused to accept longer challenged the West’s very survival from events. It was Western unity, under in- the decline of the West as our ineluctable led Western countries to behave as if other, spiring American leadership, which changed destiny. new threats could be ignored. the world. But now that unity is at risk as As the poet said: Yet the truth is so obvious that surely the European Union, with apparent encour- ‘‘That which thy fathers bequeathed thee only an expert could miss it: There is never agement from the United States, seems bent Earn it anew if thou would’st possess it.’’ a lack of potential aggressors. on becoming a single state with a single de- We now have to reassess our defense spend- Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I just want fense—a fledgling superpower. Such a devel- ing, which has been cut back too far. Still to read some brief, selective passages opment would not relieve America of obliga- more significant has been the failure to from what Margaret Thatcher, the tions; it would merely increase the obstacles grasp the vital importance of investment in former Prime Minister of Great Brit- to American policy. the very latest defense technology. The cru- ain, had to say: POLICYMAKERS SUCCUMBED TO LIBERAL cial importance of keeping up research and President Reagan is one of the greatest CONTAGION development in defense is the great lesson of men of our time, and one of the greatest SDI. It is also the lesson—in two respects— Today’s international policymakers have American Presidents of all time. If that is of today’s confrontation with Iraq. succumbed to a liberal contagion whose most not fully appreciated today, and sadly it is The original defeat of Saddam’s forces was alarming symptom is to view any new and not, it isn’t really surprising. After all, so so swift—though sadly not complete—be- artificial structure as preferable to a tradi- many people have been proved wrong by cause of our overwhelming technical superi- tional and tested one. So they forget that it Ronald Reagan that they simply daren’t ac- ority. The fact that we are still having to was powerful nation states, drawing on na- knowledge his achievement. . . apply constant pressure and the closest scru- tional loyalties and national armies, which But in my political lifetime I believe that tiny to Iraq also bears witness to the lethal enforced UN Security Council Resolutions it is fortitude or courage that we’ve most capability which science and technology can and defeated Iraq in 1991. Their short-term needed and often, I fear, most lacked.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S213 Today we are particularly conscious of the heights that it achieved during her ten- wide open, knowing the ramifications, courage of Ronald Reagan. It was easy for ure as Prime Minister. knowing exactly what it is we are his contemporaries to ignore it: He always I am quite sure that with unanimity, doing and then pursuing the best seemed so calm and relaxed, with natural this Senate wishes to honor our former course after that. I think we can do charm, unstudied self-assurance, and un- quenchable good humor. He was always President. So the majority leader’s that. I pledge my assistance in working ready with just the right quip—often self- wish will come true; we will honor with the majority leader and our Re- deprecatory, though with a serious purpose— President Reagan. In fact, as he noted, publican colleagues to do it. But we are so as to lighten the darkest moments and we will honor him quite certainly, re- not ready yet. I am sure at some point give all around him heart. . . gardless of what happens to the air- soon we will be, but let’s proceed in a Right from the beginning, Ronald Reagan port. We will honor him by naming positive way, not criticizing one an- set out to challenge everything that the lib- after him the largest nondefense build- other as we start out this effort, but eral political elite of America accepted and ing in the country, a Government finding the best way with which to re- sought [as gospel]. They believed that America was doomed to building, a beautiful building, a build- solve these questions. I am sure that decline. He believed it was destined for fur- ing that will last for centuries, a build- can be done, and with that optimism, I ther greatness. ing dedicated to permanence and a yield the floor. They imagined that sooner or later there building with great meaning, I think, Several Senators addressed the would be convergence between the free West- to all of us as we pass down Pennsyl- Chair. ern system and the socialist Eastern system, vania Avenue today. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- and that some kind of social democratic out- It is an extraordinary new accom- ator from Arizona. come was inevitable. He, by contrast, consid- Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I ask ered that socialism was a patent failure plishment, architecturally and in many other ways. We have already made the unanimous consent to yield in a couple which should be cast onto the trash heap of minutes to the Senator from Georgia, history. decision to name that superior piece of They thought that the problem with Amer- architecture after our former Presi- but I first feel compelled to answer a ica was the American people, though they dent, Ronald Reagan. couple of comments the distinguished didn’t quite put it [that way.] He thought So let no one be misguided by the re- Democratic leader and good friend of that the problem with America was the marks today. We honor President mine made. American government, and he did put it just First of all, I don’t think any Amer- Reagan. No one should also be misled [that way.] ican identifies Washington National with regard to our intentions. There Airport with George Washington. They In conclusion, and what I think is so was comment made that we are block- identify it with Washington, DC. So beautiful a statement about our coun- ing this legislation. If we were blocking let’s really be clear about that. To take try and our world and about Ronald it, Mr. President, we would not have the word ‘‘Washington’’ out of it is not Reagan, she summed it up perfectly. agreed for it to pass out of committee in any way demeaning or lessening the She said: unanimously. If we were blocking it, It is time to proclaim our beliefs in the reputation of George Washington; it is we would have demanded hearings and because it was identified with Wash- wonderful creativity of the human spirit, in we would have used whatever proce- the rights of property and the rule of law, in ington, DC. the extraordinary fecundity of enterprise dural devices at our disposal in the We named Idlewild Airport ‘‘Kennedy and trade, and in the Western cultural herit- committee. We have not chosen to do Airport.’’ I am sure whoever Idlewild age, without which our liberty would long that. We are not blocking it today. We was, or whatever location it was, didn’t ago have degenerated into license or col- have no reservations about bringing it feel aggrieved when it wasn’t called lapsed into tyranny. up. We are simply not willing to sup- These are as much the tasks of today as Kennedy-Idlewild Airport. port a unanimous consent request that Second of all, let’s talk about the they were of yesterday, as much the duty of limits us to one amendment. our conservative believers now as they were cost here one second. The bulk of the when Ronald Reagan and I refused to accept Finally, let me say the majority costs associated with the name change the decline of the West as our ineluctable leader noted that we are not taking at National Airport are related to destiny. Washington’s name off the airport. The changing the signs and logos for the As the poet said: ‘‘That which thy fathers only amendment our Republican col- airport. bequeathed thee Earn it anew if thou leagues wish to offer has as its stated I would like to enter into the RECORD would’st possess it.’’ purpose, and I will quote, ‘‘to rename a copy of a letter from a group, Ameri- A great speech. I have just taken the Washington National Airport lo- cans for Tax Reform, which created some portions from it. It meant a great cated in the District of Columbia and and promoted the Reagan legacy deal to me. Virginia as ‘Ronald Reagan National project. The letter states: I hope we will honor former Presi- Airport.’ ’’ In order to ensure no expenses will be in- dent Ronald Reagan in this way. I can So if that doesn’t take Washington’s curred by the Federal Government as a re- think of a lot of Democrats I would be name off the airport, I don’t know sult of this bill, we are willing to coordinate perfectly willing to name some build- what does. That is exactly what it does fundraising efforts to fund the creation of ing or some facility for. I think Presi- on line 5, page 1. It says: appropriate signs and logos for the Ronald dent Jimmy Carter has really been an From here on after approved June 29, 1940, Reagan National Airport. example since he has been President. I the airport known as Washington National The letter goes on to estimate these don’t know that we have named any- Airport shall hereafter be known and des- costs at $60,000. Let’s put that in con- thing after him. I don’t know that he ignated as ‘‘Ronald Reagan National Air- text. We just spent well over $1 billion sought it, or his family. I am not say- port.’’ in modernizing Washington National ing we should do it now. This is not So, quite clearly, let no one, regard- Airport. The cost of this would be partisan with me, but it is very emo- less of what one may think about hon- $60,000. If there is a deep and abiding tional, and I hope that we will find a oring our former President Ronald concern on the other side of the aisle way, working together, to get this bill Reagan, quite clearly we are doing it about the costs associated with chang- through in time for his birthday. I by removing the name of the first ing the name, I can assure you that yield the floor. President of the United States, George Senator COVERDELL, Senator LOTT and Mr. DASCHLE addressed the Chair. Washington. Now, we may want to do I and everybody else will lead a fund- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The that, but that clearly is the design, raising effort and pay for this. I am Democratic leader. that is the intent of this legislation, deeply moved about their concern Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I com- and that is why we think it is in our in- about the taxpayers’ dollars. mend the majority leader for his re- terest to explore it, to talk about it. I don’t like to start out the year this marks just now. No one, or few, I sup- It isn’t mutually exclusive. We can way, Mr. President. I really don’t. We pose, can match the eloquence of Mar- find ways to honor our former Presi- have enough problems. We have enough garet Thatcher, especially as she talks dent, and we can find ways to ensure difficulties around here without our about one of those partners in leader- that we do it correctly and do it with getting hung up on doing what is the ship that she shared so much with in all of the facts on the table. That is all right thing for one of the greatest men the time that she led Britain to the we are asking. Let’s do it with eyes in the history of this Nation.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S214 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 The interesting thing is, he doesn’t A memorandum went out to my col- international, cultural and trade cen- want to be honored in any way because leagues on the other side of the aisle ter on that site—a billion dollars worth he doesn’t think he deserves it, which that wanted an IRS reformation of real estate. The site was cleared in is the mark of the greatness and humil- amendment tacked to this legislation. 1928 and remained a parking lot until ity of the man. But for us to somehow The idea that ‘‘You can have this me- now. I remember writing a proposal for get hung up on cost, on logos, on morial, but only if we extract some- President Kennedy on the redevelop- whether the name ‘‘Washington’’ is out thing from it, too.’’ Maybe this is an ment of Pennsylvania Avenue—a park- of it, this is not an appropriate way to indication of just how cynical this city ing lot of surpassing ugliness. start out this year. has become from top to bottom. But then in 1995, with the building up I want to tell my friends on the other I have great respect for the minority and about to be running, Congress- side of the aisle, we feel very strongly leader. I consider him a very good woman Andrea Seastrand, who rep- about this issue—very strongly—and if friend. But who would counsel him to resented the District in which the we get hung up on this thing and we suggest ‘‘We haven’t heard from the President lives, introduced a bill to are not able to go ahead and honor Reagan family’’? What are they sup- name it for him. Senator Dole cospon- Ronald Reagan on his birthday, it is posed to do, buy tickets and fly over sored it here. It was passed unani- going to start things off on a very bad here and lobby outside the Chamber? Is mously, I should think, in both bodies. note. that what you would ask of them to And on December 22, 1995, in a very fine I also want to point out, yes, thanks do? ceremony in the Oval Office, President to Senator HOLLINGS and the bipartisan The other gentlemen on the list that Clinton signed that bill. Speaker GING- spirit in which we run the Commerce I have heard that you perhaps would RICH, Mr. Dole, Mr. DASCHLE, the Vice Committee, it was discharged from the choose to honor, so be it. Honor them. President, and the Senator from New Commerce Committee, but we also had Come forward with these ideas, but not York were there. Alas, Representative a markup scheduled today, and we as a quid pro quo to a memorial to this Seastrand had a vote and could not would have marked up that bill and re- former President. come. ported it out of committee today as Do you remember the memorial to The building is a 2-century building. well. So I appreciate the cooperation of the late President Franklin Roosevelt? It will be there for a very long while. my friends on the Commerce Com- Was there some skirmish over there? We own the land. It will save money mittee, but we would have reported it Did there have to be some ratification because we will move people from out of the Commerce Committee today, or some affidavit from their family as rented space to Government space in I have no doubt about that. to whether or not it ought to be built the same manner that the Judiciary Again, I don’t want to be repetitive, and how? I, like Senator MCCAIN, Building now flanks Union Station but but I am astounded—I am astounded— would not have been able to envision it is a congressional building. It is on that when Americans from all over this that we would be discussing Ronald Federal land. It is a lease-to-own country would like to have this oppor- Reagan in this manner. project. In about 25 years we will have tunity to honor Ronald Reagan on his Are we removing the name of the air- it. We are already paying less rent than birthday as he goes through this very port? Has their family appropriately we were paying in rented space because difficult period, that we should some- petitioned this Congress that only we own the land. It is a handsome how raise a straw man about costs and awards things to those that are on building. It is a triumphal building. logos and Washington, DC. their knees asking? The architectural critic of the Wash- Mr. President, I would like to con- Can there not be an acceptance of ington Post, Benjamin Forgey, has clude by saying I first came to know fact that we are dealing with a great given it his very warm endorsement. It Ronald Reagan during my years in American figure who is wounded—who has a great atrium. As you walk in it, Vietnam when President Reagan was is wounded—who is near the end? And you see the names, Ronald Reagan and Governor of California. The North Vi- here we are piddling around with, was International Trade Organization etnamese had orchestrated an effort to it named after the President or after Building—the Ronald Reagan Building, demoralize their American prisoners by the city or have we heard from them, and in it the National Trade Center. convincing us that our country opposed the family, and how much will it cost, You know you are at a special place de- the war and that we had been forgotten when everybody knows it is minimal? signed for, authorized, and built by a and left behind. The only word that characterizes it very special man, and now to be named As new American prisoners were is ‘‘demeaning.’’ for that man in a ceremony that I hope brought to Hanoi, however, they took Mr. President, I will ask for time will be joyous, celebratory, and on the advantage of our primitive commu- later on, but I yield the floor in def- edge sad as we consider the condition nications abilities. They made sure erence to my colleague from New York. of our former President, but proud that that we knew about this Governor in Mr. MOYNIHAN. I thank my friend he was just that. California who was helping lead efforts from Georgia. I thank the Chair. to secure our release and take care of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- I thank the Senator from Georgia. our families in the meantime. This ator from New York. Mr. JOHNSON addressed the Chair. Governor, Ronald Reagan, served as a Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President, I rise The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- very welcome reminder that our coun- for the simple purpose of simply in- ator from South Dakota. try had not forgotten us. I and many forming the Senate of a very happy oc- Mr. JOHNSON. I want to thank the others will forever be indebted to him casion in the very near future. It will Senator from New York for calling our for that and for the friendship we de- be the dedication of the Ronald Reagan attention to this extraordinary event. veloped after the war. International Trade Building at 16th Could you share with us again, one, I yield the floor. Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, the what the timing is of the ceremony? Mr. COVERDELL addressed the largest Federal building, as it happens, Mr. MOYNIHAN. April 28 or May 5. Chair. in the city and the completion, after 60 Mr. JOHNSON. What will be involved The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. or 70 years—70 years of the Federal Tri- in this ceremony? BOND). The Senator from Georgia. angle proposal which was begun by An- Mr. MOYNIHAN. Well, there will be Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, I drew Mellon under the Presidency of the formal dedication. There will be, I see there are some other speakers. I Herbert Hoover for whom the Com- believe, the National Symphony. There have some extended remarks, but I will merce Building across from 16th Street will be a musical. It will be a day-long be brief now in deference to other peo- is named. event. And I hope people will find time ple if they have a comment to make. The Ronald Reagan Building was—it for it. There is nothing like it that will But Mr. President, this is the defini- should be noted that he signed the bill have happened in our city—well, for tion of ‘‘pettiness.’’ This is demeaning. on August 21, 1987, the Federal Triangle those who do not know the history, the The concept that we would honor a Development Act. I had offered the Federal Triangle was moving along former President, but we have to ex- measure here. It passed, very happily, very well. The crash came, and they tract a price. and authorized the construction of an stopped—boom—they just stopped. Now

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S215 we have finished it. President Kennedy Mr. COVERDELL. I assume you are nothing to do with partisan politics, envisioned it. President Reagan made yielding? that have nothing to do with respect or it possible. And we are naming it for Mr. JOHNSON. I certainly yield. lack of respect for past Presidents, par- President Reagan. Mr. COVERDELL. Is the Senator ticularly this past President. I simply Mr. JOHNSON. I wonder if it isn’t aware of the fact that your side has of- want to raise that issue, that there are fair to say—there has been some harsh fered a proposal that, yes, go ahead; we concerns among those who I think in rhetoric here and knocking down of can proceed with this, comma, but we good faith are expressing some concern straw men as we have gone about dis- have to have something for it. We have not about memorialization but about a cussions this afternoon in the United somebody else we want to have another specific renaming. The issue, I think, States Senate relative to memori- building named after. I mean, I am get- in that sense is narrow. alizing former President Reagan. And I ting confused signals here. Are we real- I personally feel that there is room wonder if it isn’t fair to say that the ly getting into a discussion about for improvement in the process that we issues that have been raised are not changing the name of the Washington, use for the naming of institutions. questioning whether to suitably and DC, airport? We are going to invoke all That isn’t to say, however, that the appropriately memorialize President this intellectual analysis of how that naming of any particular institution Reagan’s administration. The ques- building was built. I mean, that is not wouldn’t be approved by what I think tions are not partisan in nature. We what was being sent to us all morning ought to be a nonpartisan commission have memorialized Presidents of both long. of some sort, which I think would political parties, as we always will and We were not arguing over, you know, greatly strengthen our current rather always should. There is no opposition, the dynamics of the process, whether hodgepodge way of naming institutions certainly, to the largest building I be- or not we are going to name another and buildings and facilities that will be lieve on all of Pennsylvania Avenue, building. I do not object to you all that way for hundreds of years—unless, America’s main street, the avenue that naming another building for somebody of course, there are changes in power in is used for our inaugural parades, the that you want to honor, but it ought to Congress and we develop this precedent largest building, a very prominently lo- be done on its own. This should not be that whoever is in the majority comes cated building—and it has yet even to held up in this manner as a negotiating in and changes the names of buildings. have the ceremony for its opening, but tool. And that is what has been going That would be a terrible mistake. it passed by unanimous vote, the Sen- on all day. I hope the Reagan building downtown ator tells us, in both the House and Is the Senator aware of that? stays that way virtually forever and Senate; bipartisan on both sides of the Mr. JOHNSON. If the Senator will that there is never a thought of renam- aisle—but there was no resistance to yield back. ing that. I simply raise this point to memorializing in a very prominent and Mr. COVERDELL. I certainly will. hopefully lend a bit of thoughtfulness very focal, high focal point of our Na- Mr. JOHNSON. Obviously, I do not and recognition that at stake here is tion’s most important street an enor- speak for my colleagues on either side not the honor of the Reagan family or mous building named for President of the aisle. I speak only as this Sen- President Reagan nor is it necessarily Reagan. ator, expressing, one, my conviction partisan politics. So it would seem that the issues that that there ought to be a very signifi- I do not necessarily join in with oth- have been raised here are not petty, are cant memorial to Ronald Reagan. ers who may see other political agen- not meant to demean or in any way un- There is one that has been built. The das here. This is an institution of 100 dermine the recognition of the con- doors, the ribbons have not yet been individuals, and there are probably 100 tributions that President Reagan cut. They soon will be. And this is an agendas on this floor on a given day, made—and he made very significant extraordinary memorial in one of the but I do want to share those observa- contributions to this Nation—but that most prominent locations of all of tions with my friend and my colleague there are legitimate points being Washington. I applaud that. about the concerns that came to my raised, one, about the process, rather The only other question I raise is mind on this issue. than the politics, of naming and espe- whether there ought to be yet another Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, I cially renaming where the name memorial before the ribbon has even accept the convictions of my good col- George Washington has always been been cut on the first large one, which league and his wish that this would not tied to National Airport—in fact Na- would have an effect on the airport have the taint that it does. Unfortu- tional Airport, I believe, was designed that memorialized George Washington nately, that is what has happened here. with the terminal intended to be evoc- and which has not gone through what Nor is there anything unique here. ative of Mount Vernon and located in a seems to me, from this Senator’s point Just last year I voted for legislation to community very near Mount Vernon of view, an orderly, thoughtful process. honor a colleague on your side of the and where he is very closely associated The Board of Trade in the Wash- aisle, one in my own State, a legisla- with the Arlington and Alexandria ington area, other groups think this is tive process just like this, a fellow Con- communities—and whether there ought a poor idea, that perhaps there ought gressman who is retired, John Row- to be a more systematic process for es- to be other memorials to Ronald land. We named a courthouse in our pecially renaming institutions that Reagan. I would say probably that is State for him and we were very glad to have been previously named for other true. The suggestion is there ought to have been part of it. He deserves it. great Americans. be one in every State. Perhaps there Mr. JOHNSON. And I add that I Mr. COVERDELL. Will the Senator ought to be. Perhaps there ought to be joined in the unanimous consent on the yield? more in Washington, DC. naming of the Reagan building down- Mr. JOHNSON. So the question is not However, I simply raise as this Sen- town as a Member of the other body one of whether President Reagan ator’s point of view that I think we are during that time, and I am proud of should be memorialized. Certainly he getting carried away in a nonsystem- that. should be. atic and not terribly thoughtful proc- Mr. COVERDELL. I accept the state- Mr. COVERDELL. Will the Senator ess about how we name and pull names ment of the Senator. yield? off of memorials to great Americans. Unfortunately, during the course of Mr. JOHNSON. I will yield to the So I have nothing but great respect to the last several hours, this has turned Senator. express for President Reagan and his into a quid pro quo. From my own Mr. COVERDELL. I believe the time family, and I regret that any of this de- view, I would rather that it not be ac- is on your side. bate that has been caught up in exactly cepted than we get into, ‘‘Well, we will Mr. JOHNSON. The Senator from how best to memorialize great Ameri- do this if you do that,’’ and we will New York controls the time. cans would by anyone be perceived as name this that and this something Mr. MOYNIHAN. I yield the floor and somehow negative or otherwise under- else. I can only speak for myself. That say I spent 35 years getting this build- mining respect for this past President. is my view of it. ing built. I leave it to others to de- However, I think there are legitimate I mentioned a little earlier, Mr. scribe how it should be named. concerns expressed by some that have President, that there are some unique

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S216 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 circumstances that we are confronting be prouder that this legislation suf- the decision to write his letter to the Amer- in this particular case with former fered a defeat over the nuances from ican people. President Reagan. I have been going the other side than for there to be an This is the letter I read a moment through some of his legacy of late, and asterisk on the legislation that sug- ago from the President himself. I will share one of the most profound gested the only way that this body and She says: letters an American leader has ever this Congress could reach out at this And the people responded, as they always written to his country. It came to us moment was if we made some tradeoff; do. I can’t tell you what your cards and let- on November 5, 1994. there have been others that got a little ters have meant to both of us. The love and affection from thousands of Americans has My fellow Americans, I have recently been something here or there, like you do been, and continues to be, a strengthening told that I am one of the millions of Ameri- every day in this town. My own view is force for Ronnie and me each and every day. cans who will be afflicted with Alzheimer’s it would be diminishing and demeaning I want to reread that sentence be- disease. of what is being attempted and endeav- cause the other side has evoked that Upon learning this news, Nancy and I had ored to be done here today in the name to decide whether as private citizens we there is some family responsibility of a great American President, among would keep this a private matter or whether here that they should have fulfilled as others. But this one was a great Amer- we would make this news known in a public a precedent before moving for congres- ican President who, as I said earlier, is way. In the past, Nancy suffered from breast sional action on this, which as I have cancer and I had my cancer surgeries. We wounded. said repeatedly is just beyond my un- found through our open disclosures we were There are moments in our lives and able to raise public awareness. We were in the history of our country that re- derstanding. But I will read for them happy that as a result, many more people quire a spontaneous response and not what she said to America: underwent testing. There were treated in some methodical appointing of a com- I cannot tell you what your cards and let- early stages and able to return to normal, mission to measure and weigh every ters have meant to both of us. The love and healthy lives. affection from thousands of Americans has So now we feel it is important to share it balance. Thank heavens nature doesn’t been, and continues to be, a strengthening with you. In opening our hearts, we hope this function that way. force for Ronnie and me each and every day. might promote greater awareness of this I suggest the absence of a quorum. In other words, it was a source of en- condition. Perhaps it will encourage a clear- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The couragement and strength for them at er understanding of the individuals and fami- clerk will call the roll. that time to hear from our fellow coun- lies who are affected by it. The legislative clerk proceeded to At the moment I feel just fine. I intend to trymen about his work. That’s what call the roll. that means. live the remainder of the years God gives me Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, I on this Earth doing the things I have always We have learned, as too many other fami- done. I will continue to share life’s journey ask unanimous consent that the order lies have learned, of the terrible pain and the with my beloved Nancy and my family. I for the quorum call be rescinded. loneliness that must be endured as each day plan to enjoy the great outdoors and stay in The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. GOR- brings another reminder of this very long touch with my friends and supporters. TON). Without objection, it is so or- goodbye. But Ronnie’s spirit, his optimism, Unfortunately, as Alzheimer’s disease pro- dered. his never-failing belief in the strength and gresses, the family often bears a heavy bur- Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, to goodness of America is still very strong. If den. I only wish there was some way I could the subject that we have been debating, he were able to be here tonight, he would spare Nancy from this painful experience. which is legislation to rename Wash- once again remind us of the power of each in- When the time comes, I am confident that dividual— ington National Airport ‘‘Ronald with your help she will face it with faith and How many times had we heard that courage. Reagan National Airport,’’ we have had In closing, let me thank you, the American quite a discussion here this afternoon. from President Reagan, about the people, for giving me the great honor of al- As I said a little earlier, I have been power of each American? lowing me to serve as your president. When going through, during the course of Urging us once again to fly as high as our the Lord calls me home, whenever that day this exercise, the various things, of wings will take us and to never give up on may be, I will leave with the greatest love course, that have been said about our America. for this country of ours and eternal opti- The majority leader was here earlier mism for its future. former President. I got to thinking, well, who knows him best? And, of and was talking about Margaret I now begin the journey that will lead me Thatcher and what she had said about into the sunset of my life. I know that for course, that is the former First Lady, America there will always be a bright dawn Nancy Reagan. I was reminded that I the former President. I might revisit ahead. had the opportunity to hear her in one that in just a little bit. But that’s the Thank you, my friends. May God always of the most heartfelt speeches I believe point that Margaret Thatcher always bless you. I have ever heard in San Diego at the focused on—the never give up on Amer- Sincerely, national convention in that beautiful ica or never give up on Western civili- RONALD REAGAN. city. It was quite a task that she had zation, and what she so admired in the Now, Ronald Reagan’s birthday is to perform, to come forward before the former President. Here it is docu- next February 6, and we ought to do Nation, given the situation that the mented by Nancy Reagan when she this. This ought to be a part of the sun- Reagans had been facing, and try to said. set journey. bring a message to those gathered and . . . remind us of the power of each indi- I again say, it is absolutely beyond to the American people. vidual, urging us once again to fly as high as comprehension that a suggestion was I think this is an appropriate time to our wings will take us and to never give up made here this afternoon that some- on America. I can tell you with certainty revisit what she said about her hus- that he still sees the ‘‘shining city on a hill,’’ how his family ought to have been band, President Reagan, at that time. I more pronounced and more explicit a place full of hope and a promise for us all. will skip the introduction, the ac- As you all know, I am not the speechmaker about their desires with regard to this knowledgement of the crowd, and move in the family. So let me close with Ronnie’s legislation. To have done so would have to the heart of the speech, which was words, not mine. In that last speech 4 years been entirely—I repeat, entirely— undoubtedly difficult for her to deal ago, he said, ‘‘Whatever else history may say uncharacteristic for the man that with because she was moving to the about me when I am gone, I hope it will re- port that I appealed to your best hopes, not wrote this letter to do. Nor would he in moment in which she felt she had the any way have condoned any member of your worst fears, to your confidence rather responsibility to convey to the Nation than your doubts, and may all of you as his family making such a suggestion. a feeling about her husband’s Presi- The only way that something like this Americans never forget your heroic origins, dency and her husband’s views of never fail to seek divine guidance, and never, could happen on the eve of these final America. never lose your natural God-given opti- moments would be for it to be a spon- She said this: mism.’’ taneous gesture from the American Ronnie’s optimism, like America’s, still Just 4 years ago, Ronnie stood before you shines very brightly. May God bless him and, people. and spoke for what he said might be his last from both of us, God bless America. So, Mr. President, just for clarity, speech at a Republican Convention. Sadly, you never know what will happen in an his words were too prophetic. When we You know, several weeks ago, I was institution like this, but again I would learned of his illness, Alzheimer’s, he made in a discussion about American liberty.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S217 I was talking about the fact that free mayor, and how he was now respected had not been for so long they couldn’t people behave completely differently in the city in public affairs. For this remember. If you will bear with me one than people who are not free or op- priest and his congregation, it was now second, I am going to yield. One after- pressed. One of the key components of a great time. noon I was in Soviet Bulgaria. It was a free people is their optimism—opti- At the conclusion of that discussion on the eve of this epic realignment of mism, the belief that they can accom- my host proposed a toast to Ronald all Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. I plish, the belief that they can build, Reagan ‘‘who made us believe in God decided to break away, and I did and the belief that they cannot be van- again.’’ walked about 5 miles back through the quished. And there is no American in Mr. President, I don’t know if they neighborhoods. Do you know what contemporary history who so fueled missed the translation. But the heart struck me? This is before the freedom and energized that key component of of that was very, very real. had hit. I never saw a single adult ever American liberty as did President Ron- President Ronald Reagan helped smile. Never, not one, not one person ald Reagan. He was the epitome of op- shape this world. He helped free mil- smiled because of the weight of the op- timism. lions of people from a totalitarian pression. Fortunately, the children I see we have just be joined by my state. He called the Soviet empire an were smiling. So you could say, ‘‘There good friend and colleague and neighbor, ‘‘evil empire,’’ and evil it was. is hope here.’’ But it had been beaten the Senator from Alabama, and in def- Before we went to Russia, we spent out of them—the natural nature of erence to his time I am going to with- time with a college professor who had human mind. hold these other remarks for a mo- spent 6 months there. He said, ‘‘I used The man that brought the wall ment. to teach that the United States and down—the Senator from Alabama said I yield the floor. Russia were just like scorpions in a it and we will never be able to say it Mr. SESSIONS addressed the Chair. bottle. There is no difference between enough—how many people he freed The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- us.’’ Now, however, he says that after through that show of force. He didn’t ator from Alabama. having been there and after having met do it alone. He would be the first one to Mr. SESSIONS. Mr. President, I have with young Russian people he has say so. In fact, he would deny it. He the honor to speak on this legislation changed his mind. In the words of that would put somebody else far ahead of sponsored by the distinguished Senator professor, ‘‘when I would talk in that him in terms of having created that from Georgia. I so greatly admire him. fashion, the Russians looked at me like freedom. But when you walk through I admire his principle, integrity, abil- I was crazy. They said, ‘What are you those streets today and you talk to ity, and passion for this issue. I think talking about? You had all kinds of those people and in all of those coun- it is an important issue, and I am freedom. We had none. There was a tries, they know the force of President proud to be a cosponsor of this resolu- great distinction between Russia, the Ronald Reagan and they know when he tion. We ought to recognize people who Soviet Union, and the United States of said, ‘‘Gorbachev, you tear this wall have made great differences in this Na- America and the democracy that you down’’ that that was not just rhetoric. tion’s history. I think President have.’’’ Today that professor has come That wall came down. Reagan is one of those people. to believe that those young people had I yield to the Senator from Alabama. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- I thought I would take a very few it right. minutes to tell a story that illustrates Ronald Reagan personified that. He ator from Alabama. Mr. SESSIONS. I think the Senator how deeply and how important Presi- personified the collapse of the totali- from Georgia is so correct. I think dent Reagan’s life is to the American tarian empire. He gave his life to it. He people and to the people of the world. back on that example and I think that articulated it better than any man it really sort of symbolizes the dif- In 1993, I went on a church trip to that ever lived. His was a Presidency Russia and spent a week there. Our ference between a totalitarian govern- both in terms of domestic policy and ment where freedom is denied, where group went to a small city of 40,000 foreign policy that ranks among the people that is located 5 hours east of people are not allowed to worship, and highest order of American Presidents. are not allowed to be baptized, and the Moscow in an area where very few I think he deserves this recognition. Americans were allowed in over the wonder of the democracy that we are I think it is very fitting that it be done blessed with having. years because it was a security area in on his birthday. I think it is very fit- I think also that it is fitting for us to the Soviet Union. We went to the town ting that we recognize him while we recognize him in this manner. I have of Sovetsk. I was able to stay with an- are still blessed with his presence. on my desk a plaque which is im- other American in the home of a Rus- I want to congratulate the Senator printed with one of President Reagan’s sian businessman who was beginning to from Georgia for his articulate expla- quotes, a quote which I think is most develop a business in Sovetsk. The first nation and promotion of this legisla- appropriate especially as we discuss night we arrived they were going to tion. I am delighted and honored just naming National Airport after him at celebrate the baptism of their daugh- to have this moment to share this this late point in his life. It says, ter. A Russian Orthodox priest ap- story with the people in this body and ‘‘There is no limit what a man can do peared in his great robes. The mother, the people in the United States because or where he can go if he doesn’t mind father, and the grandparents had come I think it says in a very real way that who gets the credit.’’ in from the Ural Mountains, and it was this man symbolized the American I think it is time to give Ronald a goodly group of people there. It was democratic free enterprise victory over Reagan credit. This is a fitting tribute a marvelous ceremony as the priest the totalitarian atheistic Communist to him. I salute the Senator from Geor- performed that baptism. government. gia for his efforts, and I support his As we had dinner afterwards the I appreciate the leadership of Senator steadfastness in that. priest told us that since perestroika, COVERDELL and thank him for yielding Mr. COVERDELL addressed the since the fall of the wall, he had bap- me this time. Chair. tized 18,000 people in that town of Mr. COVERDELL addressed the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- 40,000. He told us that before the wall Chair. ator from Georgia. fell he was not allowed to baptize peo- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, of ple. He said he was not allowed to wear ator from Georgia is recognized. course, during the course of the after- his robes, and that the Soviet Com- Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, it noon we have been talking about very munist authorities moved him around 6 is interesting to hear the good Senator personal praise for his family and the months or so at a time so that he could from Alabama, and I appreciate the First Lady. But for Ronald Reagan not really get to know his congrega- personal experience he had confronting there is a lot of unlikely praise that tion and so he would be unable to build these people that were being made free needs to be acknowledged here today the kind of rapport that is necessary. for the first time. from Republicans and Democrats alike. He discussed how he could now wear I had the opportunity to do that as While my friends on the other side of his robes, how he could now walk about well. I will never forget the faces of the aisle may disagree with him on cer- town, how he could now meet with the those people who had never been free or tain policies, I hope they will agree

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S218 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 that he stood fast on conviction and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- made a great difference in America. I provided leadership for America at a ator from Arkansas. will not take time to read all of the very critical time. Ronald Reagan did Mr. HUTCHINSON. Mr. President, I speech, ‘‘A Time for Choosing.’’ I ask after all begin his career as a Demo- ask unanimous consent to speak for up unanimous consent to have it printed crat. He truly was a man of both sides to 5 minutes. in the RECORD. of the aisle. He cast his first vote for The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- There being no objection, the mate- Franklin Delano Roosevelt, whose ator already has that right. rial was ordered to be printed in the name has been evoked in this debate Mr. HUTCHINSON. Mr. President, as RECORD, as follows: because when we were talking about I listened to the speeches and the var- A TIME FOR CHOOSING the need to have an appropriate not ious tributes to Ronald Reagan and the (By Ronald Reagan) designation but memorial for President speeches that are in favor of this legis- [Given as a stump speech, at speaking en- Roosevelt, we did not enter into any of lation to name the Washington Na- gagements, and on a memorable night in 1964 this kind of bickering. It was done. It tional Airport after former President in support of Barry Goldwater’s presidential should be done. Now citizens from all Ronald Reagan, I had not intended to campaign. This version is from that broad- speak today. But I was moved by some cast.] across the country can be reminded of I am going to talk of controversial things. that era of our Nation’s history. of the tributes that I have heard. I was I make no apology for this. Here are some words of tribute from dismayed by noticing the opposition to It’s time we asked ourselves if we still some unlikely sources. this legislation—surprised and dis- know the freedoms intended for us by the Former California Governor and mayed. And I thought there was little Founding Fathers. James Madison said, ‘‘We Presidential candidate, Jerry Brown, I could add to some of the glowing trib- base all our experiments on the capacity of said, ‘‘He was not just the guy across utes that we have heard except my own mankind for self government.’’ personal experience because I think in This idea that government was beholden to the table. He had a presence. He had the people, that it had no other source of the quality of being able to tell a many ways I like many of my genera- power is still the newest, most unique idea in story. . .’’ And, as Senator SESSIONS tion owe to Ronald Reagan the inspira- all the long history of man’s relation to just said, ‘‘ . . . and then smile and tion and the motivation to go into the man. This is the issue of this election: laugh. There was a sort of magic there, whole sphere of the political arena. Whether we believe in our capacity for self- and I could see it at work.’’ In 1964 I was in junior high school liv- government or whether we abandon the Or former majority whip of the ing in the northwest corner of Arkan- American Revolution and confess that a lit- tle intellectual elite in a far-distant capital House, Representative Coehlo, ‘‘Ronald sas. My parents were not particularly political. But I watched the news and can plan our lives for us better than we can Reagan believed a few things and he plan them ourselves. really stood for them. He was Presi- followed closely the political events You and I are told we must choose between dential. He did not get down in the gut- that year and the election campaign a left or right, but I suggest there is no such ter.’’ between Lyndon Johnson and Barry thing as a left or right. There is only an up I want to repeat that. ‘‘He did not get Goldwater. I remember—I think it was or down. Up to man’s age-old dream—the down in the gutter. Indeed, he would about 10 days before the election that maximum of individual freedom consistent let people accuse him of anything. We year—watching on our black-and-white with order or down to the ant heap of totali- television in Arkansas a speech by an tarianism. Regardless of their sincerity, did. But these things never got a re- their humanitarian motives, those who sponse.’’ actor by the name of Ronald Reagan. I would sacrifice freedom for security have Even Sam Donaldson has good things remember sitting on the floor in front embarked on this downward path. Plutarch to say about President Reagan. He of the black-and-white television mes- warned, ‘‘The real destroyer of the liberties said, ‘‘I don’t think we have ever had a merized as I listened to what later be- of the people is he who spreads among them President who used the bully pulpit came known to a whole generation of bounties, donations and benefits.’’ better than he did. He was its master. young people as ‘‘The Speech’’—‘‘A The Founding Fathers knew a government can’t control the economy without control- Reagan’s most outstanding leadership time for choosing,’’ it was called—in which Ronald Reagan so eloquently ling people. And they knew when a govern- quality was that you knew where he ment sets out to do that, it must use force stood on a matter. You didn’t have to laid out for the Nation the choice that and coercion to achieve its purpose. So we agree with him. He got into some of faced America in that campaign and a have come to a time for choosing. the most contentious issues for our philosophic choice that faced Ameri- Public servants say, always with the best country. I never had to figure out what cans down through the ages. of intentions, ‘‘What greater service we kind of a speech he would give tomor- And there is a junior high schooler could render if only we had a little more row or worry that he would change his listening to Ronald Reagan make that money and a little more power.’’ But the speech, a speech that historians say truth is that outside of its legitimate func- mind from the views he expressed tion, government does nothing as well or as today.’’ was the launching pad, if you will, for economically as the private sector. That is Sam Donaldson talking about his political career, a speech that pro- Yet any time you and I question the Ronald Reagan. pelled him to a meteoric rise in poli- schemes of the do-gooders, we’re denounced Donaldson, further quoting, ‘‘Reagan tics, from the Governorship of Cali- as being opposed to their humanitarian is the most dynamic President I have fornia to the Presidency of the United goals. It seems impossible to legitimately seen.’’ States. I think it also propelled a debate their solutions with the assumption So, as I said, whether you agreed whole generation of young people to that all of us share the desire to help the less look at politics as something noble, as fortunate. They tell us we’re always with him or not, Ronald Reagan de- ‘‘against,’’ never ‘‘for’’ anything. fined leadership in our time. something of a great adventure, as an We are for a provision that destitution Mr. President, I am going to suggest arena in which truly a difference could should not follow unemployment by reason the absence of a quorum. I think Sen- be made in the lives of our fellow citi- of old age, and to that end we have accepted ator HUTCHINSON is here from Arkan- zens and the future of our Nation. Social Security as a step toward meeting the sas. I will determine whether that is And so when young people write me problem. However, we are against those en- so. today, and I so frequently get asked by trusted with this program when they prac- elementary students and high school tice deception regarding its fiscal short- I suggest the absence of a quorum. comings, when they charge that any criti- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The students: Senator, how did you get cism of the program means that we want to clerk will call the roll. started in politics and who is your fa- end payments. . . . The assistant legislative clerk pro- vorite President? I answer it in reverse We are for aiding our allies by sharing our ceeded to call the roll. order. I say, ‘‘My favorite President is material blessings with nations which share Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, I Ronald Reagan, and let me tell you our fundamental beliefs, but we are against ask unanimous consent that the order how I got started in politics.’’ And then doling out money government to govern- for the quorum call be rescinded. we enclose in that letter a copy of the ment, creating bureaucracy, if not socialism, all over the world. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without speech, the 1964 address by Ronald We need true tax reform that will at least objection, it is so ordered. Reagan that started his political career make a start toward restoring for our chil- Mr. HUTCHINSON addressed the and that started the political careers of dren the American Dream that wealth is de- Chair. a host of other individuals as well and nied to no one, that each individual has the

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S219 right to fly as high as his strength and abil- great meaning, and what an inspiration Mr. COVERDELL addressed the ity will take him. . . . But we can not have it was to a Nation. And so when he be- Chair. such reform while our tax policy is engi- came President of the United States, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- neered by people who view the tax as a ator from Georgia. means of achieving changes in our social this great communicator and great op- structure. . . . timist infused in us again the feeling Mr. COVERDELL. The Senator from Have we the courage and the will to face that America can be and is a great Na- Arkansas was here yesterday and gave up to the immorality and discrimination of tion. a very inspiring commentary on his the progressive tax, and demand a return to With the Reagan tax cuts, the eco- legislation to improve American edu- traditional proportionate taxation? . . . nomic recovery that it spawned, with cation, but he has matched yesterday. Today in our country the tax collector’s his repair of our neglected defenses, Those were remarkable words, and the share is 37 cents of every dollar earned. Free- with his courageous and bold stand to personal feeling in connection with the dom has never been so fragile, so close to slipping from our grasp. say the words that everybody criticized former President is obvious. I watched Are you willing to spend time studying the him for when he called communism, the same speech and remember just issues, making yourself aware, and then con- ‘‘The Evil Empire,’’ as a result of that being stunned by it. I didn’t really veying that information to family and and his willingness to stand at the Ber- know that much about him, but I re- friends? Will you resist the temptation to lin wall and say to Mr. Gorbachev, member turning to my mother and say- get a government handout for your commu- ‘‘Tear this wall down,’’ it sewed the ing, ‘‘You ought to have heard that nity? Realize that the doctor’s fight against seeds for what became the collapse of speech.’’ Anybody who heard it I think socialized medicine is your fight. We can’t socialize the doctors without socializing the the old Soviet Union and most of com- was moved by it. But I really do believe patients. Recognize that government inva- munism in the world. the Senator has captured his optimism, sion of public power is eventually an assault And then perhaps no incident I think and I commend the Senator for it. upon your own business. If some among you reflects the greatness of this man and Mr. President, we have been joined fear taking a stand because you are afraid of his impact upon us and how he buoyed by my good colleague from Nevada, reprisals from customers, clients, or even us as a people: Republicans, Demo- who has other matters to talk about. I government, recognize that you are just crats, and Independents, all Americans am going to yield the floor so that he feeding the crocodile hoping he’ll eat you how he raised our spirits, inspired us might proceed with his piece of busi- last. If all of this seems like a great deal of and inspired a Nation than when on ness. trouble, think what’s at stake. We are faced January 28, 1986, the space shuttle Mr. BRYAN addressed the Chair. with the most evil enemy mankind has Challenger exploded just after takeoff, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- known in his long climb from the swamp to disintegrating into a ball of flame be- ator from Nevada. the stars. There can be no security anywhere fore a world television audience. The Mr. BRYAN. I ask unanimous con- in the free world if there is no fiscal and eco- disaster understandably stunned Amer- sent to speak as if in morning business nomic stability within the United States. ica. Never before had the dangers of for a period of time not to exceed 8 Those who ask us to trade our freedom for space exploration been brought home minutes. the soup kitchen of the welfare state are ar- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without chitects of a policy of accommodation. as graphically and as visibly as they They say the world has become too com- were that day. The intensive prelaunch objection, it is so ordered. plex for simple answers. They are wrong. media attention had caused the world Mr. BRYAN. Let me preface my com- There are no easy answers, but there are to know these seven crew members as ments by thanking the senior Senator simple answers. We must have the courage to we knew few other astronauts. We from Georgia. I am delighted to have a do what we know is morally right. Winston knew them with an unusual intimacy, chance to be down here today to talk Churchill said that ‘‘the destiny of man is and now they were gone. The Nation on an issue. And his willingness to ac- not measured by material computation. commodate me is something I appre- When great forces are on the move in the was staggered. world, we learn we are spirits-not animals.’’ Then Ronald Reagan took to the air- ciate very much. And he said, ‘‘There is something going on in waves. The President of the United f States delivered a 5-minute speech, and time and space, and beyond time and space, NUCLEAR WASTE POLICY ACT which, whether we like it or not, spells he concluded his 5-minute speech by duty.’’ quoting the words written by a Royal Mr. BRYAN. Mr. President, in the You and I have a rendezvous with destiny. Air Force pilot shortly before his death Chamber this week and I am sure in We will preserve for our children this, the in the battle of Britain, those words the next week a number of my col- last best hope of man on earth, or we will that we will remember: leagues will be talking about a Janu- sentence them to take the first step into a ary 31, 1998, deadline under the Nuclear thousand years of darkness. If we fail, at For I have slipped the surly bonds of Earth least let our children and our children’s chil- and touched the face of God. Waste Policy Act. And as I am sure my dren say of us we justified our brief moment President Reagan’s short speech of 5 colleagues will know, there has been a here. We did all that could be done. minutes, concluding with those words, recent flurry of newspaper ads and Mr. HUTCHINSON. I would like to unified and uplifted and encouraged a radio commercials indicating that was read just the closing two paragraphs of heartbroken America. the deadline under the Nuclear Waste Ronald Reagan’s speech in 1964 on be- Tip O’Neill, who was Reagan’s polit- Policy Act for high-level nuclear waste half of Barry Goldwater, a speech that ical adversary, tough political adver- to be accepted by the Department of obviously did not turn the tide in that sary, with whom he had many fierce Energy. I want to put those comments election but a speech that started his arguments and disagreements, later and those ads in some perspective so political career, a speech that inspired that very day described the moment in that no one should be misled by the as- me to become involved in the political which Reagan made that inspiring sertions of the nuclear utility industry. process. He concluded that speech, the speech to America. He said, and I quote The genesis of our current policy speech in 1964 with these words: Tip O’Neill, ‘‘Reagan at his best.’’ It with respect to disposal of high-level They say the world has become too com- was a trying day for all Americans and waste traces its origins to the Nuclear plex for simple answers. They are wrong. Ronald Reagan spoke to our highest Waste Policy Act of 1982. It is true that There are no easy answers, but there are ideals. in that piece of legislation it was con- simple answers. We must have the courage to May I say, Tip O’Neill said it right templated the Department of Energy do what we know is morally right. because Ronald Reagan always spoke would be in a position to accept high- You and I have a rendezvous with destiny. to our highest ideals. This is a very level nuclear waste, that a period of We will preserve for our children this, the last best hope on Earth, or we will sentence small tribute but a very fitting and ap- characterization and study would ulti- them to take the first step into a thousand propriate tribute that we name this mately send three sites to the Presi- years of darkness. If we fail, at least let our airport after one of our greatest Presi- dent of the United States and the children and our children’s children say of us dents and one of our greatest living President would select one of those we justified our brief moment here. We did Americans, Ronald Reagan. sites. all that could be done. I thank Senator COVERDELL for his I think it is important to mention at I cannot say it as Ronald Reagan said leadership and his willingness to take the outset that even in 1982 a number it, but his words still have the power of on this project, and I yield the floor. of Department of Energy experts were

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S220 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 uncomfortable, indeed, some were This is totally specious, a fictitious amount which is going to be necessary skeptical, that the 1998 deadline could number that is spun out of whole cloth. for decades ahead, well beyond the life be met, but they were overruled by But the solution that has been ad- of any nuclear utility. So, by adding politicians and the Department of En- vanced is much more disturbing and the expense of a temporary waste ergy and others. that is S. 104–H.R. 1270. This is a piece dump, putting a cap on the amount of My colleagues know from my pre- of legislation that would emasculate the fees that are paid into that fund, vious statements in the Chamber that most of the environmental laws that they guarantee that the American tax- this process, whatever its original in- have enjoyed bipartisan support for a payers will have to come up with tens, tent may have been, was politicized quarter of a century, all in the interest perhaps hundreds of millions of dollars immediately. Within the first few of advancing the nuclear utilities’ ar- from general taxpayer revenue in the weeks after the legislation was en- gument. It would create a temporary outyears. That is simply financially ir- acted, States such as my own, and at nuclear waste dump at the Nevada test responsible. Whatever one thinks of nu- that time the State that the distin- site, a separate geographical location clear waste policy, we all ought to be guished occupant of the Chair rep- from Yucca Mountain which is where able to agree that we ought not to resents, the State of Washington, the the permanent storage facility is cur- build into legislation a financial time State of Texas, and others, were denied rently being characterized. bomb which would begin ticking upon oversight funds as contemplated in the Now, make no mistake that if H.R. the enactment of this piece of legisla- act and litigation was commenced to 1270 and S. 104 were enacted tomorrow, tion. This is a utility bailout provision gather those funds. under no conceivable scenario could and is bad policy. That was an ominous beginning of any shipments occur in this year or, in- The nuclear utilities have litigated what later turned out to be an entirely deed, for some years into the future. this issue. In November 1987 they argue political nonscientific process. The This interim storage proposal is not that the Department of Energy must, original law contemplated that the en- only a direct threat to the environ- under the 1982 act, accept immediately tire country would be examined and mental legislation in this country. It delivery of the high-level nuclear that, indeed, various types of geologi- would establish a health and safety waste. That was rejected by the Court. cal formations would be considered for standard for us in Nevada with respect As I have indicated, the Court in decid- high-level nuclear waste, and as I have to the level of radioactive emissions ing the case indicates that there is an indicated previously that three sites measured in millirems that would be 25 appropriate remedy. I think all of us would be chosen and the President of times the level allowed for safe drink- would fairly recognize that the utili- the United States would then make a ing water. That standard is 4 ties will incur some additional expense final determination. millirems. By statute this legislation as a result of any additional storage None of that was to be. Shortly after would propose that the acceptable capacity that they need to construct the legislation was enacted, in the fol- standard for Nevadans, where this on site. So it is conceded by all that lowing year during the Presidential waste would be shipped, would be 25 the utilities would be entitled to an campaign one region of the country times that level or 100 millirems. No offset; that is, a reduction in the was assured it would not be considered conceivable argument in terms of amount of the mill tax levy paid into for high-level nuclear waste. An inter- sound public policy or science would the nuclear waste trust fund. Indeed, nal memorandum within the Depart- justify such a legislative mandate. Secretary Pen˜ a has initiated discussion ment of Energy indicated that another For those who feel, as I do, that along those lines. But the utilities region would be excluded because of po- progress is being made in balancing the have rejected that. They have rejected litical opposition, and then the ulti- budget, with the possibility of a budget that because that’s not what they mate indignity came in 1987 with a surplus for the first time in nearly want. They don’t want fairness or an piece of legislation that Nevadans will three decades, the utilities have craft- offset. What they want is a bailout, the forever regard as the ‘‘screw Nevada’’ ed a very clever bailout provision. provisions contained in this legisla- bill which completely altered the Under the terms of the 1982 act, for tion, which shift the burden from the thrust of the process and said, look, we each kilowatt of nuclear power gen- utilities to the American taxpayers in will choose one State, one site, and erated, there is a mill tax levied. That staggering amounts in the outyears. that will be the place that we will con- mill tax goes into a nuclear waste fund, As I have indicated, the Department centrate our efforts. and out of that fund would be the ex- of Energy does not favor this legisla- That site was at Yucca Mountain. penses of maintaining a high-level nu- tion to establish a temporary waste The utilities are now contending that clear waste repository, an obligation dump at the Nevada test site. The Nu- because no site would be available in which would go far beyond the current clear Waste Technical Review Board 1998 to accept all of the high-level nu- life expectancy of any currently oper- created by this Congress, comprised of clear waste, indeed, a crisis atmosphere ating utilities. scientists—parenthetically, none of exists, that there is a call for action Actuarial experts tell us that even them from my home State—reject the and they have proposed an ill-con- under current law that fund is under- necessity for this action. We would, in ceived piece of legislation that is S. 104 funded. That is to say that eventually effect, be transporting 77,000 tons of in our Chamber and H.R. 1270 in the the taxpayers are going to have to bail high-level nuclear waste to Nevada. other Chamber. that fund out. At no time did the Nu- That doesn’t just get there miracu- Let me emphasize that this is not a clear Waste Trust Fund financial for- lously. It would pass through 43 States. proposal favored by the scientific com- mula contemplate that it would also Fifty million people live within a mile munity through the Nuclear Waste pay for a so-called temporary dump, or less of the highway and rail ship- Technical Review Board, a board estab- the one that is contemplated in S. 104 ment corridors—some of the largest lished by act of Congress; it is not sup- and H.R. 1270, so an additional finan- cities in America. Accidents do happen. ported by the Department of Energy. It cial burden would be added. The potential could be catastrophic. is the brainchild of the Nuclear Energy The utilities are not content, how- We cannot be unmindful of the fact Institute, the overarching trade asso- ever, with destroying that part of the that in America today we face the ciation that purports to advance the financial basis for the legislation. They threat of terrorist activity. Such was interests of nuclear utilities in Amer- would impose a cap or a limitation on the tragedy of the World Trade Center ica. the amount of money that could be in New York City, and we have seen There is no science involved in this paid into that fund that would approxi- other evidences of terrorist activity in legislation. The utilities argue spe- mate the amount of money spent the our country. What an inviting target, ciously that because the nuclear waste previous year from the nuclear waste 77,000 tons of high-level nuclear waste will not be available for shipment to a fund for purposes of this act. Remem- being transported across the highways repository, indeed, there will be an ber that currently that fund, the nu- and rail corridors of America. enormous cost incurred by the Federal clear waste fund, is underfunded actu- Finally, the kind of storage that is Government, that damage claims will arially. They would further limit the contemplated at the Nevada test site in approximate as much as $80 billion. amount that goes into the fund, an this so-called ‘‘temporary’’ facility is

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S221 known as dry cask storage. That stor- RENAMING WASHINGTON NA- on this side of the aisle, but I under- age is currently available and in use in TIONAL AIRPORT ‘‘RONALD stand the reverence that many Ameri- a number of the utilities in America REAGAN NATIONAL AIRPORT’’ cans—not just Democrats but also Re- today, on site, approved by the Nuclear Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I wanted publicans—have for Robert Kennedy Regulatory Commission with a storage to update my colleagues on this issue and Jack Kennedy and the entire Ken- life of 100 years. So, if it is safe for Ne- of the cost of the renaming of Wash- nedy family. If there is some proposal vada, why would it not be safe to leave ington National Airport. C-SPAN to name the Justice Department build- it at its current location—that tech- viewership is up today because our ing after Robert Kennedy, I would nology has been approved—and to leave phones have been ringing quite a bit, strongly support such an effort. And I it there until such time as the ultimate both in my office and Senator COVER- would support such a thing in any way. issue is resolved of how to deal with DELL’s office and others. This is a fax Obviously, he was a former Attorney this most dangerous and toxic sub- that I received just an hour or so ago. General of the United States. stance known to mankind? It says: But let’s not set up these straw men For those who have followed this de- Dear Senator, I’m watching today’s cov- to kind of, certainly not poison the at- bate for a number of years, it will come erage of the Senate on C-SPAN. I note an ob- mosphere here, but it’s not a good way as no surprise that the utilities again jection to renaming Washington National for us to begin. I know everyone knows Airport the Ronald Reagan National Airport how those of us who knew Ronald have raised this crisis potential or sce- was the $60,000 cost of new signs. In the way nario. Two decades ago, before this Reagan, and the vast majority of that I honor President Reagan and you, I Americans, feel about him. So I hope Senator came to the Chamber, the nu- humbly offer the $60,000 cost of these signs. we can get this thing resolved. Again, I clear power industry was seeking, once I will repeat that, Mr. President. again, to try to get the Congress to thank Senator COVERDELL, who served I honor President Reagan.... I humbly under President Reagan and knew him enact legislation to remove the high- offer the $60,000 cost of these signs. Having level waste from the reactor sites. That lived in Alexandria for 5 years, I know that as well as anyone and whose idea this program was then known as the AFR the Washington airport has always been con- was for this very appropriate action. I program, away-from-reactor site. If one sidered the Washington, DC, National Air- just hope Senator COVERDELL will be looks at the arguments in the 1980s in port, and any argument otherwise is simply able to make a phone call out to Cali- partisan and specious. I support you and fornia very soon, at the time of Presi- which it was forecast that there would Senator COVERDELL in your effort to honor be a brownout, there would be a short- dent Reagan’s birthday, and inform President Reagan on his birthday, which both President Reagan and Mrs. age of electricity in America, that all sadly could be his last. kinds of catastrophic things would hap- Reagan that we are honoring him in Mr. President, I am not, obviously, this very small way. There really is no pen to our economy—that was pre- going to give the name of the indi- dicted by the mid-1980s if this legisla- way we can ever fully honor him for vidual because of privacy consider- what he has done for the Nation and tion that was being proposed in the ations. But we are receiving call after early eighties was not enacted. None of the world. call. I yield the floor. that far-fetched scenario came to be Let’s not, as we go through these ar- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- fact. In fact, no utility has suffered a guments one by one concerning the air- ator from Georgia. brownout or a failure because of the port, let’s be sure that the cost of re- Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, I absence of storage capacity. Many re- naming the signs—I find it interesting. thank the Senator from Arizona for re- actors have gone off line because they They just went through a $1-point- turning to the floor, for reading this are no longer safe and others because some billion remodeling without a sin- very emotional letter. You know, in a they are not economically viable. That gle additional flight going in or out of sense the remarks that we have heard continues to be the case as recently as the airport, yet the question is raised here this afternoon all have this com- earlier this month with the reactor about a $60,000 renaming. mon thread of admiration running Second, I want to point out again, it that is intended to be closed within the through them, such as is expressed in in no way affects the founder of our State of Illinois. this letter, almost as if there is—just country, the father of our country, So, there is storage capacity avail- during that period of time there was a George Washington. I know Senator able on site through dry cask storage connection between this man and his COVERDELL and I—Senator COVERDELL that avoids the necessity of moving call for optimism, his belief in the 77,000 metric tons across the highways obviously speaks for himself, but I know of no objection if it was Ronald country. And it evokes these kinds of and rail systems of America, through Reagan Washington National Airport. emotions that were just expressed to us 43 States, with all of the potential for I’m sure we could work out that dif- by Senator MCCAIN. risk and accident that is inherent in I appreciate the Senator’s, in a sense, ficulty. that kind of volume. There is no need I yield to the Senator from Georgia. admonition that if there is some com- to take action. That is the view of the Mr. COVERDELL. In the original leg- mon ground here, that would be useful scientific community. That is the view islation it’s the Ronald Reagan Wash- to pursue. At this point, in my view, a of the Department of Energy. And that ington National Airport. The House re- statement like this about a figure such is the view of the President, who has moved the ‘‘Washington’’—Ronald as President Reagan stands on its own. indicated, should this legislation reach Reagan National Airport. My amend- That takes nothing away from anyone his desk, he will veto it because it ment was simply in conjunction with else or other heroes and heroines. But, makes no sense in terms of policy. that. Yes, just to make it absolutely if the other side has a goal or some- This is all about nuclear politics, not clear, the original concept of the spon- thing of this nature, I am sure they about nuclear energy policy. I urge my sor was that it was the Ronald Reagan would find many Republicans who colleagues to be very careful when they Washington National Airport. If that would join with them in honoring that listen to some of the advertisements needed any further clarification, I person. We have. that are currently airing on the radio wanted to add it. I mention my good friend and col- and in the newspaper. The reality is Mr. MCCAIN. Let me just finally say league from my own State for whom we that there is no crisis. We have been to I am sorry this controversy has erupt- have named a very prominent new this play before; same arguments, same ed. I hope we can work it out. I hope we courthouse. I mentioned the Roosevelt results. Not necessary. Bad policy. And can work it out within the next 24 Memorial and others. This has not we should reject S. 104, H.R. 1270. hours amongst all of our colleagues in been, as Senator MCCAIN indicated, a the Senate. I would like to move for- very good way to begin this session of I again express my appreciation to ward with it. As I said earlier, I regret the Congress. the distinguished senior Senator from we are starting out this year, the first He has mentioned cost. He has men- Georgia for his courtesy and yield the real day of our session, in this kind of tioned this article that we are renam- floor. a difference of view. ing an airport that was named for The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Let me just make one additional George Washington. That is not the ator from Arizona. point. I cannot speak for the Members case. These are roadblocks, and they

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S222 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 can only be viewed as an attempt to ei- nomic independence because of the eco- stitute of Directors. I read the text myself ther throttle the legislation or to ex- nomic boom that he unleashed by the and quickly saw what Denis meant. When we tract something from it, which I think argument that if we lower the tax bur- met in person, I was immediately won over diminishes what we are trying to do den on the American people, they will by his charm, sense of humour— here. respond with entrepreneurship and We have heard references all day long The suggestion that we are naming a hard work, and it will make America to that disarming sense of humor and building downtown and that somehow strong again. And that is exactly what the ability to communicate by that that is all that needs to be done to they did. disarming smile. honor this man—if you go to Eastern His restoration of America’s ne- . . . I was immediately won over by his Europe and ask the people if that is glected defenses—of course, the Persian charm, sense of humour and directness. enough, they would tell you in a hurry, Gulf war was led by President George Firmness. no. Bush, but I am sure that former Presi- In the succeeding years I read his speeches, It is surprising to me that, given all dent Bush, my good friend, would ac- advocating tax cuts as the root to wealth that historical period, fewer than a creation and stronger defenses as an alter- knowledge that he had the tools to use native to detente. dozen landmarks in our country are that were prepared for by his prede- You see, SDI, which we have just dedicated to Ronald Reagan. Fewer cessor for whom he served as Vice heard from Russian authorities broke than a dozen. Because of President President, President Ronald Reagan, their back, was not detente. That is Reagan’s enduring legacy and the the buildup that occurred that allowed not saying we both can obliterate each American people’s continuing respect us to so successfully vanquish Saddam other. We are saying we are going to and affection for him, it is fitting that Hussein. protect ourselves from you and we con- the national airport bear his name for His restoration of America’s ne- sider yours to be an evil force and we all those who come here, all those from glected defenses, combined with his won’t accept it. Look how different the our own country and all those who forceful and eloquent advocacy of world is. visit our country. This is a fitting ac- American values against the failed ide- Remember when they met in a sum- knowledgment of a massive role in ology of communism, epitomized by his mit and the Russians were endeavoring American history. demand in Berlin, ‘‘Mr. Gorbachev, to do SDI in, and it had been built up. Many airports are named after fa- tear down this wall,’’ set the stage for He was under enormous pressure to mous people. From San Diego’s Lind- the collapse of the evil empire. come to an agreement. But when he re- bergh to New York’s LaGuardia, Chi- How many of us remember the ridi- alized he could not have the agree- cago’s O’Hare, Washington’s Dulles. I cule when he came up with SDI and ment, President Reagan, without might point out that often we refer to how fearful it made the Soviet Union, undoing this new tool to defend the it as Washington Dulles Airport. If you probably one of the single greatest country, said, ‘‘I’m leaving.’’ Because look at the little marker for arrivals strokes to bring down what he charac- despite the embarrassment that might and destinations, it doesn’t just say terized as the evil empire? have been to have left without any- According to Russian sources, the ‘‘D,’’ it alludes to the city, Dulles thing productive, the principle out- Washington. It is not because of George technological challenge of the Stra- weighed his own fortunes, and he was Washington, but because of the Capital tegic Defense Initiative, as I just re- ready to get on a plane and fly home, City. ferred to, SDI, envisioned by President having failed but having kept his com- The airport is named after former Reagan to defend the American people mitment. That is what she is alluding Secretary of State Dulles. from nuclear attack forced the Soviet to here. Orange County’s John Wayne; and regime to adopt policies, like glasnost In the succeeding years I read his speeches, currently there is an effort underway and perestroika, in a vain attempt to advocating tax cuts as the root of wealth to rename the Los Angeles airport keep up, and instead unleashed the so- . . . I also read many of his . . . [radio] after actor and World War II aviator cial forces that brought down the sys- broadcasts. . .which his Press Secretary sent Jimmy Stewart. President John F. tem built by Lenin and Stalin. over regularly for me. I agreed with them Kennedy was honored by having the In short, President Reagan’s commit- all. In November 1978 we met again in my Nation’s largest international airport ment to restoring the fundamental room in the House of Commons. named after him in 1964. Sponsors con- ideals of the Founding Fathers and the In the early years Ronald Reagan had been dismissed by much of the American political tend that no American statesman of traditional beliefs of the American peo- elite— this century deserve this honor more ple to the helm of American national Which, I might add, is probably the than former President Reagan, our Na- policy at home and abroad marks him reason I read a moment ago that there tion’s 40th President. The Reagan era, as one of America’s greatest leaders are fewer than a dozen landmarks to fondly remembered by tens of millions and a central figure of the 20th cen- this great American figure—fewer than of Americans, marked the turning tury. a dozen. I think we are still dealing point in America’s declining fortunes Mr. President, throughout the day, as with America’s political elite. after our defeat in Vietnam and the oil this debate has progressed, beginning . . . though [Ronald Reagan was] not [dis- crisis of the seventies. with Majority Leader LOTT, who missed] by the American electorate, [the po- Buoyed by the contagious optimism quoted former Prime Minister Mar- litical elite saw him] as a right-wing mav- of what they call ‘‘the Great Communi- garet Thatcher and her genuine deep- erick who could not be taken seriously. Now cator’’—I never really bought into that felt respect for President Reagan, I he was seen by many thoughtful Republicans term. I accept it, but I always thought want to read—there was recently a as their best ticket back to the White House. some of the people who communicated book published where they had world Whatever Ronald Reagan had gained in expe- it were taken aback by his ability to figures comment on President Reagan’s rience, he had not done so at the expense of overpower them through his commu- Presidency. It would, of course, been his beliefs— nications, and they would write it off incomplete without a statement from Taking you back to the meeting he that he is just a great communicator. Margaret Thatcher. She says: had with the Russians over SDI. His be- As history bore out, he was a great I . . . met Governor Reagan shortly after liefs were more important to him than leader who had the skill of commu- my becoming Conservative leader in 1975. his political fortunes, returning with- nicating—Americans were reawakened This is long before she was Prime out an agreement. Of course, at the to their image of themselves and to a Minister and long before Governor end, as you know, he got the agree- great people with a great future. The Reagan had been elected President, 5 ment. far-reaching Reagan tax cuts ignited years. I found [his beliefs] stronger than ever. what remains the longest post-World Even before then, I knew something about When he left my study, I reflected on how War II economic recovery, a sharp re- him because Denis— different things might look if such a man versal from stagflation of the high tax, [Ronald Reagan] were President of the Her husband— United States. But, in November 1978, such a high inflation seventies. How quickly had returned home one evening in the late prospect seemed a long way off. we forget the millions and millions and 1960s full of praise for a remarkable speech The so-called Reagan Doctrine, which Ron- millions of people who secured eco- Ronald Reagan had just delivered to the In- ald Reagan developed in a speech to both

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S223 Houses of Parliament in 1982, demonstrated This should be a noncontroversial bill. have buildings or public facilities that just how potent a weapon in international It is a very fitting tribute to a very are named after them. This legislation politics human rights could be. His view was wonderful American hero. He was a has been around for some time. It sim- that we should fight the battle of ideas for President not just for Republicans, but ply is not appropriate to make de- freedom against communism throughout the world, and refuse to accept the permanent he was a President for all people. And mands at the last minute to hold up exclusion of the captive nations from the it should be passed. this legislation. benefits of freedom. This bill should be passed before Mr. President, the City of Wash- Ronald Reagan understood that President Reagan’s birthday, which oc- ington has a new airport terminal. It is America’s glory was founded in free- curs just a week from tomorrow, that a magnificent structure that speaks dom. And he wanted all the world to be is, February the 6th. What a great trib- volumes about the pride that Washing- able to enjoy these same benefits. ute it would be. You know, I am very tonians feel for this city. It is a fitting proud that this Senate has taken the This unashamedly philosophical approach reflection of the pride that Americans and the armed strength supporting it trans- time to propose that such a fitting feel as well for their National Capital. formed the political world. President Reagan tribute be paid to Ronald Reagan. So again, I cannot think of a more undermined the Soviet Union at home by Again, I do not think that it should be appropriate time than now to give our giving hope to its citizens, directly assisted turned in any way into a petty or par- airport a new name, especially when it rebellions against illegitimate Communist tisan tirade. is the name of a man who represents regimes in Afghanistan and Nicaragua, and I have heard and had a chance to lis- such hope and inspiration. Ronald facilitated the peaceful transition to democ- ten to a few of my other colleagues Reagan embodies America, and by giv- racy in Latin American countries and the who have been to the floor. And they Philippines. Of course, previous American ing his name to that of our Capital Governments had extolled human rights, and have delivered some real eloquent City airport I think is an honor that he President Carter had even declared that they statements on what Ronald Reagan has has earned and one that he deserves. were the ‘‘soul’’ of U.S. foreign policy. Where done, what it has meant to them, what So I am very proud to be a cosponsor President Reagan went beyond [he went be- they feel that he has done for America. of this legislation. And I strongly urge yond] these, however, was in making the So- President Reagan inspired or maybe my colleagues to end this debate, to viets the principal target of his human we could say reinspired a whole genera- come to the floor and support this leg- rights campaign, and in moving from rhetor- tion of Americans, millions of Ameri- islation and let us pass it. ical to material support for anti-Communist cans, much in the same way that John So I compliment Senator COVERDELL guerrillas in countries where Communist re- F. Kennedy inspired Americans 20 gimes had not securely established them- on his efforts on this. And again, I hope selves. The result [the result] was a decisive years earlier in 1960. I believe that we can move this legislation forward advance for freedom in the world . . .. In this President Reagan is a man who wanted and make sure that it is passed by the instance, human rights and wider American to leave a legacy, but not a legacy to Senate and the House and signed by purposes were in complete harmony. himself. President Reagan was a man the President by next week so we can And yet here we are at 4:15 in Janu- who wanted to leave a legacy to his honor Ronald Reagan on his birthday ary 1998, in the twilight of his years, children and grandchildren and to all on February the 6th. and we are in an argument over wheth- Americans that America can be a bet- Thank you very much, Mr. President. ter place if we only believe in ourselves er we ought to name the Nation’s Cap- I yield the floor. and what we can do and strive to do ital airport for him. Mr. COVERDELL addressed the How nice it would be if all these new better. I remember listening to him way Chair. people from Nicaragua to Poland, from The PRESIDING OFFICER. The East Germany to Afghanistan could back in 1976 when he first appeared on the national scene. And I listened to Chair recognizes the distinguished Sen- have a presence here this afternoon. ator from Georgia. And we could ask them, ‘‘Do you think him—and this was at a time when I was Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, I we ought to name this National Air- not actively involved in politics —but ask unanimous consent that the Sen- port for this man of freedom?’’ I think the things he was saying in 1976 were ator from New Mexico, Senator DOMEN- the resounding ovation would be so things that I brought to my campaign ICI, be added as a cosponsor of this leg- loud as to have been heard around the as late as 1992 and again in 1994. And islation. world. that was for a better America, a more Mr. President, I suggest the absence responsible America, one that was The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without of a quorum. going to deevolutionize Washington, objection, it is so ordered. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The DC, and put more of the control and Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, I clerk will call the roll. power back into the hands of State and want to thank the Senator from Min- The legislative clerk proceeded to local governments, but most impor- nesota for his very fitting and gracious call the roll. tantly back into the hands of individ- remarks. Mr. GRAMS. Mr. President, I ask uals. I think Senator MCCAIN of Arizona unanimous consent that the order for He talked then about a tax cut, bal- has properly framed a certain sadness the quorum call be rescinded. ancing the budget, which is all kind of about this afternoon. This is a sur- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the legacy that we now have the great prising way to start this new session of objection, it is so ordered. opportunity to be talking about here as Congress with the other side con- Mr. GRAMS. Thank you very much. we begin the second half of the 105th structing roadblocks in front of this Mr. President, I just wanted to come Congress in 1998. I think he filled a void type of legislation or trying to exact a to the floor here for a few minutes this in many of us with those words and quid pro quo, ‘‘Well, you can name this afternoon to somewhat join in the de- that inspiration. if we name that,’’ as we approach, as he bate, but also to add my support to I am very proud that this Senate is calls it, the sunset of his life. He has a Senate bill S. 1297, that is, renaming proposing this fitting tribute. Again, birthday next month. the Washington National Airport to we are not renaming an airport that While you might not have always the Ronald Reagan National Airport. was originally named in honor of an- agreed with him, it is clear that former I have been kind of saddened by the other individual. This is Washington President Reagan was a giant in our debate that I have been hearing today National Airport. It is named after the time, a giant on the world stage. If you on S. 1297 and, again, to rename Wash- City of Washington. Renaming the air- are going to fight him even at this mo- ington National Airport as the Ronald port does not somehow politicize it. It ment, don’t do it by minimalist activ- Reagan National Airport. I simply can- would not convey some sort of partisan ity, don’t do it by some nuance argu- not believe some of the things I have advantage, but it would simply pro- ment over whether or not the name heard on the floor, that somehow this vide, again, a tribute to a great Amer- ‘‘Washington’’ is for the city or for effort would require a quid pro quo. ican who has been honored by so many former President George Washington. Mr. President, in diluting this effort, on both sides of the aisle. Don’t fight an epic world figure by dis- I think it is insulting that this legisla- This isn’t a time to count how many puting whether or not it will take tion is being demagoged in this way. Republicans and how many Democrats $60,000 to repaint the signs. What a

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S224 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 classic disconnect. Don’t do it by say- The foregoing account of President restored our economic health, revived ing, ‘‘There is another building down- Reagan’s achievements is only the be- the American spirit, and won the Cold town that has his name on it, isn’t that ginning of a long list of accomplish- War. enough?’’ ments that highlight his time as leader Now in his twilight years, Ronald I frankly think the former President of the free world. One more effort he Reagan can look back on a life of great would feel as Maggie Thatcher sug- undertook, however, is worthy of note success, made all the more worthy be- gested, complimented, if you just said in this debate. As others have men- cause it was imbued with what the we don’t want to do it; we just don’t tioned, it was the Reagan Administra- eminent statesman Edmund Burke want to do that—rather than all these tion that was able to remove the fed- called the moral imagination. Few minimalist, ineffective, of absolutely eral bureaucracy from direct control called him an intellectual. But he was nonequal standing diminutive asser- over National and Dulles Airports. By blessed with an instinctive sense of tions. It is OK to disagree about doing releasing these airports to local con- right and wrong and the prudence to it or not, but don’t do it in this way. trol, they were able to go to the pri- apply this instinct for himself and the Let’s at least have respect. vate sector for funding and begin need- nation he led. Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, I am ed improvements. The idea of devolv- Mr. President, many people find it pleased to join my colleagues in sup- ing federal control to the States and difficult to fully appreciate the debt we porting S. 1297, Senator COVERDELL’s localities was at the very core of the owe Ronald Reagan. But why is this bill to rename Washington National president’s political philosophy. difficult? Because he was so successful Airport in honor of former President For these and many other reasons, I at facing down the crises of his time. Ronald Reagan. As we seek to pay trib- urge my colleagues to support Senator Today we find interest rates of 21 ute to him, it is important for us to re- COVERDELL’s proposal to rename Wash- percent almost unimaginable. But that flect upon President Reagan’s place in ington National Airport as ‘‘Ronald is what we had when Ronald Reagan history. Few modern leaders have had Reagan National Airport.’’ Visitors took office. We think of double digit such an enduring impact on our lives. who fly to our nation’s capital will al- inflation as something only developing President Reagan was elected at a ways be reminded of the lasting and nations must face. But Ronald Reagan critical time in the history of our na- faced it when he became President. tion and our world. In the early 1980s, important contributions made to our Communism seems a nightmare from the country was struggling with an country and the world by President the past, best forgotten. But we should economy plagued with high inflation Ronald Reagan. I thank the leadership not forget that, when Ronald Reagan and unemployment. In the wake of Wa- for trying to let us address this bill in came to office, it enslaved more than tergate, the Vietnam War, and the oil time for President Reagan’s 87th birth- half the people of the world. crisis, society at large was told by day on February 6, 1998. Mr. ABRAHAM. Mr. President, I rise America was in peril in 1981. Buffeted President Carter we were subject to a by the blows of economic stagflation, ‘‘national malaise,’’ not without rea- today to add my voice to the chorus mired in spiritual malaise, on the de- son. In addition, our armed forces were calling on us to honor a great Amer- fensive in a hostile world, our nation underfunded and low in morale. The ican and one of our greatest Presi- was in need of a leader with the moral Cold War still dominated our view of dents, Ronald Reagan; a man who in imagination, the faith in himself, our the world. his own words ‘‘meant to change a na- Into this unsettled environment, tion and instead changed the world.’’ people and God’s will necessary to get Ronald Reagan was elected president. President Reagan indeed changed the us back on course. And this Ronald His determined leadership, strength of world in which we live, and much for Reagan provided. conviction, positive attitude, and faith the better. It is only right, in my view, With his economic plan emphasizing in his fellow Americans helped change that we add to the many honors be- tax cuts, sound money, deregulation, the nation and the world profoundly stowed upon him since his leaving of- and free trade, he produced the longest during his two terms. President Rea- fice the important recognition involved peacetime expansion since World War gan’s commitment to national security in renaming Washington National Air- II. He slew the dragon of inflation, re- and the men and women of the armed port, in an important sense the na- ducing it to a steady 3 percent through forces gave our military renewed re- tion’s airport, the Ronald Reagan Na- his second term. He brought interest spect and self-confidence. The nation tional Airport. rates down into single digits. He put then took a strong stand against the It is, of course, a long-standing tradi- nearly 30 million Americans into new Soviet Union and helped peaceably to tion for us to name important build- jobs. He increased our national income bring about the end of the Cold War ings and facilities after those who have by nearly a third. and the demise of communism. rendered extraordinary service to our He saved family savings from the President Reagan’s view of the role country. Indeed, the monuments just ravages of inflation, allowed us once of government still defines the debates outside this Chamber were constructed again to make real our dreams of own- we hold in this chamber on a daily to show our gratitude toward and to ing our own homes, put us to work and basis. He firmly believed that Ameri- honor the memory of great men like renewed our confidence in our future. cans were far better than the govern- George Washington, Abraham Lincoln In the process he renewed America, and ment at running their own lives. He and Thomas Jefferson, Presidents who by so doing he literally changed the also was committed to the free enter- helped build America, and led her to world. prise system and the dynamic spirit of safety in time of peril. Mr. President, now that the United the entrepreneur. Today there are few These monuments testify to our rec- States enjoys the luxury of being the legislators or other policymakers who ognition, as a people, of the greatness world’s only superpower, it is easy to cling to the idea that bigger govern- of certain leaders; of their contribu- forget the world we faced less than two ment and more federal spending is good tions and of their character. By these decades ago. But it was a grim pros- for our economy or the freedom of our standards, Mr. President, Ronald pect, as illustrated by the pundits of citizens. Reagan well deserves the undoubted the era who encouraged us to get used Mr. President, one of the more im- honor of having his name affixed to our to an era of ‘‘limits’’ in which we would portant and lasting contributions of national airport. steadily lose power and influence to an our 40th president was the way in Born of poor parents in America’s ever-expanding ideology of centralized which he was able to restore the con- heartland, Ronald Wilson Reagan state power. fidence and optimism of the United worked to put himself through school, Ronald Reagan was considered fool- States. President Reagan transformed to forge for himself a career in Holly- ish, even dangerous, because he refused the so-called ‘‘malaise’’ of the late wood, the land of American dreams, to accept the inevitable spread of com- 1970s into a positive attitude that and finally to rise to the highest office munism. He called the Soviet Union an helped give the country faith in its in- in the land. By the time he left office evil empire and predicted its demise stitutions and its future. That is why in 1989, President Reagan had shown within his lifetime. Sheer lunacy, said he justly remains an immensely pop- his dedication to our nation, her peo- his critics. And in a sense one can un- ular figure in our history. ple, her principles and her dreams. He derstand this perspective. America’s

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S225 policy elites had been accustomed to a Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I ask which forced the U.S. embassy into vio- ‘‘pragmatic’’ approach in foreign af- unanimous consent that the order for lation of U.S. anti-deficiency laws— fairs; one in which America would seek the quorum call be rescinded. these Foreign Service officers each re- to accommodate Soviet demands and The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. ceived mere seven day suspensions. aspirations in the interests of stability. GRAMS). Without objection, it is so or- (and at least one of them has been rec- This approach characterized the dered. ommended for promotion!) 1970’s—an era during which democracy f In yet another case, a Foreign Serv- and freedom were on the run world- ice officer remains in the employ of the A MUST: REFORM OF THE wide. Marxist governments gained State Department even after having FOREIGN SERVICE ACT OF 1980 power in Afghanistan, Nicaragua, Viet- twice pleaded guilty to, and being con- nam, Cambodia, Laos, South Yemen, Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, my pur- victed of, theft of State Department Angola, Mozambique, Ethiopia, and pose today is to discuss a highly dis- funds. Grenada. For the first time the Soviet turbing pattern of abuse and profes- The Director General of the Foreign nuclear arsenal surpassed America’s. sional misconduct by members of the Service recommended that the officer And even our allies seemed leery of U.S. Foreign Service and a grievance be fired but the Foreign Service Griev- identifying themselves too closely with process that does not adequately penal- ance Board (made up of colleagues of us. Surely, if hard-nosed realism had ize individuals who engage in such ac- the guilty employee) overruled the Di- produced such a disastrous decade, a tions. rector General and overturned the offi- moral crusade aimed at freeing peoples This week, Mr. President, I wrote to cer’s termination. The Secretary of from the chains of communism would our friend, the distinguished Secretary State at the time rightly sought to produce armageddon. of State, Madeleine Albright, regarding overrule the Grievance Board, but the We now know, Mr. President, that the investigation that I have in- courts ruled that the Foreign Service moral conviction, combined with deter- structed the Foreign Relations Com- Act of 1980 did not give the Secretary mination and a prudent use of national mittee staff to undertake during the authority to overrule the Grievance power, need not produce armageddon. coming months. Board. Under President Reagan it produced It will be instructive to examine the So something is amiss, and I for one the single greatest outpouring of serious allegations—all documented by propose to try to do something about it human freedom ever seen on this plan- the State Department’s Inspector Gen- because the list goes on and on. A sen- et. eral—that have come to my attention ior career USIA Foreign Service officer We live in a freer, safer, more hu- during the Foreign Relation Commit- in Bangkok, Thailand, falsified an mane world because Ronald Reagan tee’s routine review of ambassadorial $18,000 grant and thereby violated won the Cold War. His insistence, appointments and the Foreign Service agency guidelines by approving an ex- against strong resistance from a Demo- promotion lists submitted to the Sen- penditure of $19,000 to repair her per- cratic Congress, that we restore our ate by the White House. sonal residence. And what do you sup- Now, perhaps the most serious alle- military power rolled back the Soviet pose the officer’s penalty was? A one- gation that so far has been brought to legions and bankrupted their economy. day suspension! Moreover, after all of my attention involves a United States His tough bargaining and his willing- that, this FSO was recommended by Ambassador—a career Foreign Service ness to call evil by its name dis- the President for promotion to the officer, who was forced to resign his oriented our Soviet adversaries and highest ranking Foreign Service posi- ambassadorial post for repeated epi- eventually brought their downfall. tion within USIA, despite strong objec- sodes of sexually harassing female em- By 1991, a broken and dispirited So- tions from the USIA Inspector General. ployees under his supervision. And to add further insult to American viet Union collapsed and disintegrated. This case was documented by the President Reagan went to Berlin and taxpayers, this officer, to this day, has State Department Inspector General in never even been required to repay the called on Mikhail Gorbachev to ‘‘tear a 26 page report made available to the down this wall.’’ Mr. Gorbachev de- stolen $18,000. Senate Foreign Relations Committee. By this point, I suspect most Ameri- serves credit for his role in bringing In response, the Secretary of State cans would be appalled by such out- down the Soviet empire. Unfortu- promptly and properly fired this Am- rageous misbehavior. So, my final ex- nately, he had neither the courage nor bassador this past September. Yet to ample involves a senior career USIA the foresight to tear down that wall. this day, the U.S. Agency for Inter- Foreign Service officer nominated by But the people of Berlin, thanks to national Development—our Govern- the President to serve as a U.S. ambas- Ronald Reagan, had that courage, and ment’s $6 billion foreign aid giveaway sador even though the officer received they tore down that wall, freeing half a agency—continues to employ this two letters of admonishment for vio- continent, and eventually nearly half former ambassador and, to date, has lating USIA regulations. the world. recommended no reprimand whatso- Despite these letters of admonish- Without firing a shot, Ronald Reagan ever for his actions. ment—one for nepotism in 1990, and a changed our world for the better. He The abuses, Mr. President, do not end second, in 1991, for engaging in extra- freed us from fear of nuclear conflagra- there. In another instance, a Foreign marital affairs with two journalists tion. He freed us from the dreary ac- Service officer in India provided visas while carrying out official U.S. govern- ceptance of declining standards of liv- to foreign female applicants in return ment activities supported by the tax- ing and the loss of our way of life for sex. This reprehensible behavior led payers—USIA did not suspend this offi- through slow attrition. He brought to the officer’s being suspended with- cer for his actions. America back from the brink of de- out pay for five days. However, the sus- I informed the Secretary of State in spair, into the shining light of a new pension was in effect during the Christ- my letter that I fear these cases may dawn of freedom and prosperity. mas holiday; therefore his co-workers be merely the tip of a very corrupt ice- Ronald Reagan has earned the eter- were unaware of his having been sus- berg. The fact is that the Department nal gratitude of every American, and of pended. of State continues to employ, and the every lover of freedom the world over. Incredibly, Mr. President, despite White House continues to recommend He has earned his place in the history this gross misconduct and abuse of tax- to the Senate for promotion, Foreign books as a leader of vision and a man payers’ trust, the Foreign Service offi- Service officers who not only have of moral imagination. His name should cer has been recommended for pro- grossly abused the trust placed in them adorn our national airport. motion by the President Clinton of the by American taxpayers, but who, when I suggest the absence of a quorum. United States. judged by their peers, have received The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. In another case, four Foreign Service only the lightest of punishment. FAIRCLOTH). The clerk will call the officers in Manila carried out an elabo- While these abuses themselves are, to roll. rate scheme to divert $94,200 in federal say the least, unacceptable, so too are The legislative clerk proceeded to government funds to build a squash the Foreign Service’s responses to call the roll. and racquetball court. For this fraud— them. As I understand it, allowing

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S226 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 these individuals—who have com- States submitting a treaty, two with- CRAIG, Mr. MCCONNELL, Mr. GREGG, mitted moral, ethical, and/or profes- drawals, and sundry nominations Mr. COATS, Mr. INHOFE, Mr. MUR- sional abuses, or who have defrauded which were referred to the Committee KOWSKI, Mr. ABRAHAM, Mr. KYL, and Mr. WARNER): the Federal Government—to remain on Armed Services. S. 1590. A bill to improve elementary and unscathed in their jobs is being toler- (The nominations received today are secondary education; to the Committee on ated under the arcane, self-protecting printed at the end of the Senate pro- Finance. Foreign Service employment laws. I ceedings.) By Mr. CAMPBELL: propose to try to do something about f S. 1591. A bill entitled the ‘‘Bulletproof that. Vest Partnership Grant Act of 1998’’; to the INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND More startling, perhaps, is that the Committee on the Judiciary. JOINT RESOLUTIONS Foreign Service and the President con- By Mr. WARNER: S. 1592. A bill to amend section tinue to recommend some of these indi- The following bills and joint resolu- tions were introduced, read the first 40102(a)(37)(B)(ii) of title 49, United States viduals for promotion! Code, to modify the definition of the term I have recommended to Secretary and second time by unanimous con- ‘‘public aircraft’’ to provide for certain Albright that we work together to ad- sent, and referred as indicated: transportation by government-owned air- dress this issue in legislation. Specifi- By Mr. BREAUX: craft; to the Committee on Commerce, cally the Foreign Relations Committee S. 1583. A bill to suspend temporarily the Science, and Transportation. duty on B-Bromo-B-nitrostyrene; to the will examine the numerous moral, eth- f Committee on Finance. ical, and professional lapses of Foreign By Mr. FRIST (for himself and Mr. SUBMISSION OF CONCURRENT AND Service officers and the personnel DORGAN): SENATE RESOLUTIONS grievance process to determine wheth- S. 1584. A bill to direct the Administrator er the cases I have referenced are of the Federal Aviation Administration to The following concurrent resolutions symptomatic of more severe and perva- reevaluate the equipment in medical kits and Senate resolutions were read, and sive behavior within the Foreign Serv- carried on, and to make a decision regarding referred (or acted upon), as indicated: ice. I suspect that deeper investigation requiring automatic external defibrillators By Mr. SPECTER (for himself, Mr. will, in fact, show just how widespread to be carried on, aircraft operated by air car- HARKIN, Mr. FRIST, Mr. REED, Ms. riers, and for other purposes; to the Com- these abuses are. SNOWE, Mr. DEWINE, and Mr. mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- D’AMATO): I assure you, Mr. President, that the tation. S. Res. 170. A resolution expressing the Foreign Relations Committee will re- By Mr. MACK (for himself and Mr. sense of the Senate that the Federal invest- view the punishment given to those GRAHAM): ment in biomedical research should be in- Foreign Service officers violating U.S. S. 1585. A bill to provide for the appoint- creased by $2,000,000,000 in fiscal year 1999; to laws and regulations and how that pun- ment of additional Federal district judges in the Committee on the Budget. the State of Florida, and for other purposes; ishment compares to the way in which f to the Committee on the Judiciary. similar cases are resolved involving By Mr. BUMPERS (for himself, Mr. STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED military officers in the Department of GRAHAM, Mr. CONRAD, and Mr. BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS Defense and other career officers in INOUYE): federal agencies. The Committee will S. 1586. A bill to authorize collection of By Mr. FRIST (for himself and study the Grievance Board process and certain State and local taxes with respect to Mr. DORGAN): recommend necessary amendments to the sale, delivery, and use of tangible per- S. 1584. A bill to direct the Adminis- the laws governing the Foreign Service sonal property; to the Committee on Fi- trator of the Federal Aviation Admin- and its grievance procedures. nance. istration to reevaluate the equipment By Mr. HOLLINGS: Mr. President, the point is this, and I in medical kits carried on, and to make S. 1587. A bill to amend the Balanced Budg- a decision regarding requiring auto- shall conclude on this note. et and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 Americans deserve the finest diplo- to ensure the continued enforcement of the matic external defibrillators to be car- matic representation around the world. pay-as-you-go budget requirement until such ried on, aircraft operated by air car- Our nation is ill-served when the U.S. time as the budget is balanced in order to riers, and for other purposes; to the career diplomatic corps tolerates protect the social security trust funds, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and moral, ethical, and professional abuses Federal military retiree trust fund, the high- Transportation. within its ranks and fails adequately to way trust funds, the medicare trust fund, the THE AVIATION MEDICAL ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1998 civil service retirement trust fund, the un- Mr. FRIST. Mr. President—I rise deal with those who are guilty of such employment trust fund, and the airports abuses. trust fund; to the Committee on the Budget today, along with my colleague Sen- I say again, Mr. President, that it is and the Committee on Governmental Affairs, ator DORGAN from North Dakota, to in- my intent to find out the full scope of jointly, pursuant to the order of August 4, troduce the Aviation Medical Assist- all of this and to try to do something 1977, as modified by the order of April 11, ance Act of 1998. about it. 1986, with instructions that if one Committee Thirty years ago the first battery I thank the Chair. I yield the floor. reports, the other Committees have thirty powered portable defibrillator was ap- I suggest the absence of a quorum. days to report or be discharged. proved for use. A defibrillator is a med- S. 1588. A bill to exclude the social security ical device that electrically converts The PRESIDING OFFICER. The trust funds, the Federal military retiree clerk will call the roll. trust fund, the highway trust funds, the an abnormal heart rhythm to a normal The bill clerk proceeded to call the medicare trust fund, the civil service retire- rhythm. It can and does save lives. The roll. ment trust fund, the unemployment trust time between the onset of abnormal Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, I ask fund, and the airports trust fund from the rhythm and the application of elec- unanimous consent that the order for annual Federal budget baseline for all pur- trical defibrillatory current is critical. the quorum call be rescinded. poses including budget enforcement; to the If the time of first defibrillation is be- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. SES- Committee on the Budget and the Com- tween five and six minutes after the mittee on Governmental Affairs, jointly, SIONS). Without objection, it is so or- onset of abnormal rhythm, the patient pursuant to the order of August 4, 1977, as dered. modified by the order of April 11, 1986. With survival rate is greater than 40 percent. f instructions that if one Committee reports, One clear example is that of Graeme Seiber of Tennessee. As my colleagues MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT the other Committees have thirty days to re- port or be discharged. may recall on September 14, 1995, Mr. Messages from the President of the By Mr. HUTCHINSON (for himself, Mr. Seiber went into full cardiac arrest as United States were communicated to NICKLES, Mr. COVERDELL, Mr. SES- he stepped off an elevator in the Dirk- the Senate by Mr. Williams, one of his SIONS, Mr. DEWINE, and Mr. MUR- sen building, and collapsed in the cor- secretaries. KOWSKI): S. 1589. A bill to provide dollars to the ridor near my Senate office. EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED classroom; to the Committee on Labor and After heroic actions by members of As in executive session the Presiding Human Resources. Senator Chafee’s staff, I performed Officer laid before the Senate messages By Mr. COVERDELL (for himself, Mr. CPR on Mr. Seiber and when the Cap- from the President of the United LOTT, Mr. NICKLES, Mr. MACK, Mr. itol Physician’s Emergency Response

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S227 Team arrived, I was able to insert a potentially lifesaving legislation. I am put this in perspective, the national tube directly into Mr. Seiber’s lungs to proud to introduce the companion leg- average for this time period was 519. aid the flow of oxygen. But, most im- islation in the Senate. Clearly, both of these districts are in portantly, the team had a portable need of relief. defibrillator that I used to shock his By Mr. MACK (for himself and I urge the Judiciary Committee and heart back into a normal rhythm. A Mr. GRAHAM): the full Senate to consider and pass team of emergency medical technicians S. 1585. A bill to provide for the ap- this legislation expeditiously. I would arrived shortly thereafter, and Mr. pointment of additional Federal dis- also like to take this opportunity to Seiber was taken to George Wash- trict judges in the State of Florida, and express my gratitude to Chairman ington University Hospital by ambu- for other purposes; to the Committee Hatch for his swift consideration of all lance. on the Judiciary. of the judicial nominees from Florida Because of the quick action of those THE FLORIDA FEDERAL JUDGESHIP ACT OF 1998 last year. The Southern and Middle involved and the use of a portable Mr. MACK. Mr. President, I come be- Districts of Florida received three ex- defibrillator, Graeme Seiber is alive fore the Senate today to introduce cellent new district judges, Donald today as one of a very small percentage with my esteemed colleague and friend, Middlebrooks of West Palm Beach, of patients who actually survive sud- Senator Graham, the Florida Federal Alan Gold of Miami, and Richard den cardiac arrest. Judgeship Act of 1998. This legislation Lazzara of Tampa. In addition, Judge But that was in the United States will provide the Middle and Southern Stanley Marcus was nominated to the Senate, which has a competent medical Districts of Florida with the judgeships federal appeals court and confirmed by team that responds quickly with the which have been recommended for the full Senate in only six weeks. I proper medical equipment, like a them by the Judicial Conference of the know I speak for both Senator Graham defibrillator. What would have hap- United States. The Middle District and myself in saying that we are grate- pened to Mr. Seiber if he suffered car- would receive three new permanent ful for Chairman Hatch’s responsive- ness to the needs of these districts. diac arrest in a setting in which med- judgeships and one temporary judge- ship (the highest number of new judge- It will not be possible to provide Flo- ical care and a defibrillator was not ridians with a safe environment and ac- ships recommended for any district in readily available. cess to justice unless there is a court the country), while the Southern Dis- This past May, my friend, colleague system in place which can handle the trict would receive two new permanent and fellow Tennessean, Representative demands of this dynamic and growing judgeships. JIMMY DUNCAN held a hearing before part of our country. This legislation is I would not be introducing this bill if the House Subcommittee on Aviation, integral to providing that court sys- I did not believe there is a real need for which he chairs, on the quality of med- tem. ical kits used by the airlines. On No- increased judicial resources in Florida. Mr. GRAHAM. Mr. President, I am vember 6, 1997 Representative DUNCAN The pressures upon our court system, extremely pleased to join with my dis- introduced the Aviation Medical As- particularly in the Middle District, are tinguished colleague from Florida, sistance Act to address concerns that some of the most acute in the entire Senator MACK, in introducing the Flor- arose from the hearing. country. The Middle District currently ida Federal Judgeship Act of 1998. The Aviation Medical Assistance Act contains 55% of Florida’s population, This legislation will create six addi- of 1997 directs the Administrator of the projected to grow to two-thirds of the tional U.S. District Court judgeships in Federal Aviation Administration to re- population by the year 2005; and yet Florida—two in the Southern District evaluate regulations regarding the this District has only one-third of Flor- and four—three permanent and one medical equipment and flight attend- ida’s judges. This District also contains temporary—in the fast-growing Middle ant training for commercial airlines. the federal correctional center at Cole- District of Florida. To address the lack of information man. When construction of this facility Mr. President, make no mistake: regarding fatalities on aircraft, the air- is completed in FY 1999, it will be the Florida’s federal courts are in the lines would be required to make an ef- largest prison complex in the country. midst of a full-blown crisis. Currently, fort to report monthly to the Adminis- The increased prisoner petitions which the Miami-based Southern District has trator of the FAA over the course of a come with this will stretch judicial re- sixteen judges. The Middle District, year regarding deaths on aircrafts. sources even further. which also includes the Jacksonville, The bill also addresses the critical To add to the problem, a portion of Tampa, St. Petersburg, Orlando, Sara- issue of liability arising from individ- the Middle District has been designated sota, and Fort Myers metropolitan uals assisting in an in-flight medical a High Intensity Drug Trafficking areas, has eleven. emergency. The bill declares that the Area. While I am pleased that Florida Because this number of judgeships is individual rendering aid shall not be will be receiving additional assistance too small to meet the increasing de- liable when attempting to provide med- in the war against drugs, we must also mand of Florida’s rapidly growing pop- ical assistance, except in the case of recognize and anticipate the increased ulation, judges face overwhelming gross negligence or willful misconduct. demands that this will put upon this caseloads, and the public faces a denial Finally, the bill requires the FAA district as more criminals are appre- of justice. Administrator to decide whether or not hended and prosecuted. Prosecutors and law-enforcement to require automatic external Both districts contain major tourist personnel are stymied in their efforts defibrillators on aircraft and in air- attractions in frequently visited cities, to mete out swift justice. Civil litigants are forced to endure ports. To their credit, two major air- including Disney World, Universal Stu- unreasonable waits to bring their cases lines, Delta Airlines and American Air- dios, and Busch Gardens in Tampa and to resolution. lines have already initiated a plan to Orlando and the international play- Prominent legal and judicial officials equip their entire fleet with ground of South Beach in Miami. This all over Florida have told us that this defibrillators and upgrade their med- heavy flow of both tourism and winter is not a tenable situation. ical equipment. residents serve to make the needs of For example, Middle District U.S. At- It is critical that individuals who suf- these two judicial districts unique in torney Charles Wilson, whose office is fer cardiac arrest or other medical our nation. responsible for bringing alleged crimi- emergencies receive quick and proper The statistics kept by the Adminis- nals to trial, has said that the judicial attention to increase their odds of sur- trative Office of the US Courts dem- shortage has a ‘‘negative and severe’’ vival. It is my hope that this legisla- onstrate the compelling need for new effect on the work of federal prosecu- tion will improve emergency medical judges in these districts. The numbers tors and law enforcement officials. care for all in-flight emergencies. I for the latest twelve month period Floridians are not alone in their con- would like to thank Congressman DUN- show that the Middle District ranks cern about overcrowded court dockets. CAN for his leadership in the House of second in the nation in average cases In September 1996, the Judicial Con- Representatives on this important (adjusted for complexity) filed per ference of the United States—the prin- issue. I am also grateful to Senator judge, with a crushing 855. The South- cipal policy-making body of the Fed- DORGAN for partnering with me on this ern District averages 605 per judge. To eral judiciary, which is chaired by the

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S228 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of In fact, the situation is so dire that lost to fraud. Nearly 30 percent of all the United States and comprised of Middle District Chief Judge Elizabeth Medicare fraud nationwide takes place Federal judges from throughout the Kovachevich has announced plans to in the State of Florida. United States—asked Congress to cre- shut down the Federal courthouses in In November of 1997, the new south- ate four new judgeships in the Middle Jacksonville and Orlando for 3 months ern district U.S. Attorney Tom Scott District and two in the Southern—pre- this summer and recruit their judges, pledged to create a comprehensive cisely what our legislation would au- and any others from around the Nation antifraud task force made up of local, thorize. who can spare the time, to tackle the State and Federal law enforcement of- Senator MACK and I are introducing growing civil case backlog in the ficials to fight health care fraud. I am our bill so that Congress can meet the Tampa Bay area. optimistic that this new effort will be urgent request of the Judicial Con- Innovative measures like this may successful in increasing the number of ference, and provide the additional ju- help to alleviate the problem in the fraud offenders brought to justice. I am dicial resources needed for these two short-term. hopeful that it will deter others from U.S. District Courts to meet their in- But the Florida caseload is not going entering this pernicious activity. But I creasing caseload. to experience a slowdown in growth am very concerned that unless the We are certain that many States anytime soon, and the judicial backlog southern and middle districts have the have justifiable concerns about over- will get worse unless Congress takes adequate number of judges, many of crowded Federal District Court dock- preventative action for the long term. these charlatans will not receive the ets. I hope that this Congress this year Second, this legislation recognizes swift and severe punishment they de- will meet those needs by considering that Florida’s largest Federal judicial serve. and adopting the recommendations districts are responsible for a massive It is vital that we act quickly to re- that the Judicial Conference of the area that includes nearly 80 percent of solve this crisis. Since 1991, filings have United States submitted to us almost a Florida’s 15 million residents. gone up 21 percent in the middle dis- year and a half ago. The Southern and Middle Districts trict; 30 percent in the southern dis- But we also believe that the urgent combined jurisdiction stretches from trict. Congress and the White House nature of Florida’s judicial crisis Key West—the southernmost city in must be vigilant in their shared re- makes our State a special case. the continental United States—north sponsibility for recommending, nomi- I am going to be saying some things to include Miami, Ft. Lauderdale, West nating and confirming Federal judicial about Florida of which I am not proud. Palm Beach, Melbourne, Fort Myers, nominees. They are not positive. But they happen Sarasota, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Or- Mr. President, I commend Chairman to be the facts as to the circumstances lando, and Jacksonville. ORRIN HATCH, of the Judiciary Com- that our Federal courts face. Florida adds over 200,000 new perma- First, Florida has one of the highest mittee, and its membership, including nent residents every year. caseloads per judge in the Nation. our current Presiding Officer, for their For the last several years, the Judi- Between 1980 and 1995, for example, recognition of the overcrowding prob- cial Conference has proposed all rec- the middle district grew by 52 percent, lems facing Florida’s Federal district ommendations for increased judgeship and it is expected to increase even from courts. based on weighted filings—a number this elevated new level by an addi- Last year, the Senate confirmed that takes into account both the total tional 21 percent in the next decade. three Federal district judges—Donald number of cases filed per judge and the However, since 1990, the last time Middlebrooks of West Palm Beach, level of case complexity. Congress approved more judges for Alan Gold of Miami, and Richard I would like to note that this is a ret- Florida, our United States district Lazzara of Tampa—to replace three rospective look. The Judicial Con- courts have not received any additional judges who had retired or taken senior ference looks at prior history, in terms resources from the Federal Govern- status. From late September of 1997, of evaluating future needs. In the case ment to cope with this growth. when Judge Lazzara was confirmed, of the State of Florida, because of the Third, this proposal will assist the until yesterday when the President rapid growth, which I will soon detail, work of law enforcement officials. If we nominated William P. Dimitrouleas of and because of the time required—a are committed to assuring that crimi- Fort Lauderdale and Judge Steven year and a half has already passed nals face punishment that is both just Mickle of Gainsville to fill openings in since the Judicial Conference did the but swift, we must be willing to pro- the Southern and Northern Districts of calculations that I will soon review— vide resources to all aspects of the ju- Florida, we had no judicial nomina- Congress has not yet acted on its rec- dicial system. tions pending before the Senate. ommendation to authorize these addi- In both the southern and middle dis- Senator HATCH’s and Members’ lead- tional positions. It would then require tricts, drug prosecutions and other se- ership and understanding and their de- the process of actually filling those va- rious criminal cases make up a large termination to address Florida’s spe- cancies. So, there will be a gap of many percentage of the total case files. For cial needs are very much appreciated months between the time that the example, both the southern and middle by the residents of our State. numbers were calculated based on past districts have been designated by this U.S. Federal district courts are the history, as to what the need was, before Congress as high-intensity drug traf- first stop for most citizens involved in relief in the form of an actual human ficking areas. These antidrug zones the Federal judicial system. Most Fed- being sitting at a bench to render jus- generate a substantial number of eral cases are disposed of at the dis- tice will be in place. lengthy multidefendant prosecutions, trict court level. It is essential that But looking back to the 1996 num- and the addition of judges will help law these citizens have their claims heard bers, the Southern District’s weighted enforcement officials and prosecutors in a timely manner. filings stood at 588 per judge. in their fight against drug crimes. As the court caseload increases na- This was 33 percent above the na- In addition, the Federal prosecutors tionally, the Senate must be willing to tional average of 435 weighted filing and law enforcement officials through- expand judicial positions where they per judge. out Florida, but especially in the are needed. In the Middle District, the story was southern and middle districts, are Our legislation is simple, sound and even worse—623 weighted filings per being forced to spend more time com- will serve the interest of America and judge, a figure that represented one of bating the cheats, the fly-by-night op- will serve the interest of our State of the highest in the entire nation. erators and the other criminals who Florida. As a result, nearly 1,800 criminal de- are engaged in a systematic campaign I look forward to working with Sen- fendants have cases pending in the to defraud and plunder our Medicare ator MACK, with yourself and with the Middle District. and other health care programs. other members of the Judiciary Com- The story is even worse on the civil Mr. President, as shocking as it is, it mittee on this matter, Mr. President. I side of the docket, where more than has been estimated that nearly 20 per- urge all my colleagues to support the 6,200 cases have yet to receive final dis- cent of all Medicare expenditures in passage of this much-needed legisla- position. the Southern District of Florida are tion. For thousands of crime victims,

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S229 for thousands of civil litigants in Flor- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, dismiss or motions for summary judgment in ida’s southern and middle judicial dis- Tampa, FL, May 21, 1997. civil cases. The result is that the judges take tricts, justice delayed is rapidly be- Hon. BOB GRAHAM, several months to decide motions that might coming justice denied. U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. otherwise be disposed of quite promptly if oral argument were heard. In those cases Mr. President, I appreciate the oppor- Hon. CONNIE MACK, U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. where the motions are meritorious, the delay tunity to join my colleague, Senator DEAR SENATORS GRAHAM AND MACK: You results in unnecessary expenditures on ex- MACK, in introducing this legislation. have requested comment from the United pert witnesses and other pretrial matters, all I ask unanimous consent that two States Attorney regarding the impact of the to the great detriment of the parties even if letters which I have received—one from shortage of resident District Court Judges on the correct result is ultimately reached. the middle district chief judge, Judge the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Middle Dis- Worse yet, meritorious motions are some- Elizabeth Kovachevich, and one from trict of Florida. I write to report that the times denied only to have the court adopt impact is negative and severe. the movant’s legal position after trial (the the U.S. Department of Justice, the first time the judge has had a real chance to U.S. Attorney for the Middle District For our Criminal Division, the most direct effect of the judicial shortage is the assign- ponder the case), suggesting that trial was in of Florida, Mr. Charles Wilson—be ment of cases to visiting judges for trial. Al- fact unnecessary. We believe that these prob- printed in the RECORD. though visiting judges provide a great serv- lems would be avoided by oral argument in There being no objection, the letters ice to the Middle District, the use of them many instances, but we recognize that our were ordered to be printed in the for a substantial number of criminal trials overburdened judiciary simply does not have the luxury to grant oral argument very RECORD, as follows: poses several problems. First, the very fact that a case is transferred to a visiting often. U.S. DISTRICT COURT, judge’s docket often causes unnecessary Second, the lack of a judge in Fort Myers MIDDLE DISTRICT OF FLORIDA, delay. Secondly, I am advised by Assistant has a serious negative impact on civil cases Tampa, FL, December 17, 1997. United States Attorneys that visiting judges there. By way of illustration, we are pres- Hon. BOB GRAHAM, are, understandably, not as well-versed in ently prosecuting a complex ‘‘fair housing’’ U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. Eleventh Circuit case law, requiring the ex- case in the Fort Myers Division. At one Hon. CONNIE MACK, penditure of additional time by both pros- point the District Court judge transferred U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. ecution and defense attorneys in addressing the case to Tampa, notwithstanding that nu- DEAR SENATORS GRAHAM AND MACK: significant legal issues during the course of a merous victims reside in south or southwest Initially, I wish to sincerely thank both of case. Finally, the Middle District of Florida Florida and would have been substantially you for your respective participations in sev- is one of the leaders in the country in the fil- inconvenienced by a Tampa trial. On our mo- eral of the events scheduled in Tampa on De- ing of multiple-defendant and complex white tion, the case was transferred back to Fort cember 12, 1997. Each of you attended two of collar crime litigation characterized by Myers, but it cannot be tried for many the four activities, and it certainly was longer trials. For example, last year, our of- months. If a judge were resident there, this greatly appreciated, and noted, by the other fice prosecuted 16 members of the Outlaws case would probably have been tried already. participants and attendees of those respec- Motorcycle Gang for conspiracy, racket- FInally, civil cases which for some reason tive celebrations. Your presence was a sig- eering and other offenses. The trial lasted for are not reached on the calendar of one of the nificant contribution toward the success of eighteen weeks. During that period of time, visiting judges usually roll to the next that day. the cases assigned to the presiding judge ac- month in which a nonresident judge will be Further, your joint letter that was pub- cumulated without the judicial attention visiting, as opposed to the next calendar lished in the Tampa Tribune last week on that they would have ordinarily received. month. This causes significant unwarranted December 12 produced great positive reac- Given our present prosecution priorities (i.e., delay. For example, in a large pending dis- tion on this West Coast of Florida! The Ac- drug trafficking, violent crime, health care crimination case, an opposing counsel who celerated Trial Calendar is the ‘‘last hurrah’’ fraud and telemarketing fraud), we expect appears particularly reluctant to go to trial for Tampa/Fort Myers by the eleven judges that the number of multiple-defendant and was able to obtain a continuance, thereby of the Middle District of Florida before sen- sophisticated white collar criminal cases delaying the case not for one month, but for ior status claims two of our eleven by the will continue to increase in the future. In approximately five. This phenomenon would year 2000. If we are successful, we must be fact, many such cases are awaiting trial at also be eliminated by additional judgeships. prepared to utilize the same tactic in the fu- the present time. I hope the information supplied herein is ture in Jacksonville and Orlando. Thus far in Fiscal Year 1997, 32 per cent of helpful. If I can be of further assistance, Consistent with the foregoing, and our ef- criminal jury trials (8/25) in the Tampa Divi- please let me know. forts to help ourselves, we enclose a conserv- sion of the Middle District of Florida were Sincerely yours, ative statistical compilation prepared by our conducted by visiting judges. Another 20% of CHARLES R. WILSON, Clerk’s office in MD/FL, which graphically these trials (5/25) were conducted by a judge U.S. Attorney. demonstrates what would occur without the on senior status. In our Ft. Myers Division, ATC, and, what will happen when we go from where we presently have seven criminal By Mr. BUMPERS (for himself, eleven to nine active United States District AUSAs but no resident district Court Judge, Mr. GRAHAM, Mr. CONRAD, and Judges. I remind you that our previous fully 91% (10/11) of the criminal trials were Mr. INOUYE): Tampa/Fort Myers chart shows that as of Oc- conducted by a visiting judge. S. 1586. A bill to authorize collection tober 31, 1997, our real projections for July Our Ft. Myers Division is most severely of certain State and local taxes with 1998, without the ATC, would have been 4,400 impacted by the judicial shortage. Because respect to the sale, delivery, and use of civil cases and 1,000 criminal cases pending, of the absence of a resident judge, Ft. Myers tangible personal property; to the Com- totaling 5,400 cases for the Tampa/Fort cases are assigned to Tampa judges. As a re- mittee on Finance. Myers judges! sult, some cases that should be tried in Ft. These next five years will see a congres- Myers are moved to Tampa to accommodate THE CONSUMER AND MAIN STREET PROTECTION sional election, with consequences in 1999, the judges’ busy schedules. This includes ACT OF 1998 and, a presidential and congressional elec- many cases that are important to the citi- Mr. BUMPERS. Mr. President, I rise tion, with consequences in 2001. If this dis- zens in and around Ft. Myers. In fact, the today to introduce legislation to re- trict must wait for national political machi- bigger the case (and thus the more local at- solve a serious problem facing con- nations, we will collapse! Just the plans for tention warranted by it) the more likely it is sumers and Main Street businesses in H.I.D.T.A. in Tampa and Orlando, during the to be transferred to Tampa for no other rea- America. This problem allows con- next three years, and the funding for same, son than the Court’s schedule. Transfers are sumers to be misled regarding their tax will generate substantial multi-defendant, also expensive. Even for relatively insignifi- multi-month prosecutions of persons ‘‘tar- cant hearings in a case, if there is a disputed liabilities and puts Main Street busi- geted for federal sentencing guideline impli- issue, all attorneys, parties and witnesses nesses at a competitive disadvantage cations;’’ these are not in any of our present must take an entire day to drive to Tampa vis-a-vis out-of-State companies. The calculations! and back. If a Ft. Myers case is tried by a problem of which I speak is the loop- I would hope that the Senate Judiciary Tampa Judge in Tampa, my office must hole that allows companies to ship Committee will provide us with a hearing to incur the travel and accommodation expense goods across State lines without col- answer any questions regarding your pro- of the Ft. Myers AUSA originally assigned to lecting the taxes due on those goods. posed legislation to provide us with new the case. My bill, The Consumer and Main judgeships as soon as reasonably possible, Our Civil Division is also impacted quite Street Protection Act of 1998, will give perhaps in February 1998. directly by the shortage of Article III judges With warmest personal regards, I am in our District. First, in light of their heavy States the option if they choose, of re- Sincerely yours, caseload, District Court judges typically do moving this unfair advantage enjoyed ELIZABETH A. KOVACHEVICH, not have the time to grant oral argument in by out-of-State companies. The legal Chief Judge, Middle District of Florida. connection with sophisticated motions to effect will be to authorize a State or

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S230 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 local jurisdiction to require out-of- mail, most of which is catalogs, goes to One-rate-per-State provision—In situa- State companies to collect use taxes on landfills in this country. This is not tions where an out-of-State company is sales of personal property delivered surprising considering the billions of subject to multiple local tax rates in a into that State or local jurisdiction, if catalogs which consumers receive in single State, the company will have that State taxes its own citizens on re- the mail every year. One company the option of paying each applicable tail sales. alone, Fingerhut, Inc., mails out nearly local rate or paying one standard rate, This bill does not create a new tax. 500 million catalogs annually. With called an ‘‘in-lieu fee;’’ (3) Filing fre- Indeed, it doesn’t create a tax at all. It mail order sales growing by approxi- quency limitation—States may not re- merely deals with how existing taxes mately 6 percent per year, this burden quire out-of-State companies to file are collected. Specifically, it would on State and local government will in- tax returns more than once per quar- allow States, if they choose, to shift crease significantly in coming years. ter; (4) Mandatory information serv- the burden of collecting and remitting THE BELLAS HESS AND QUILL CASES ice—States must maintain a toll-free use taxes from the consumer to the A short discussion of case law is in telephone service to provide out-of- company. order to explain why this matter re- State companies with necessary tax in- At this point, I should clarify the quires Congressional intervention. The formation and forms. meaning of the term ‘‘use tax.’’ A use Supreme Court has twice considered WHAT THE BILL DOES NOT DO tax is a tax on goods purchased in one the question of whether a State may The intent of this bill is not to injure jurisdiction for use in another jurisdic- impose tax collections duties on an the mail order industry. There are tion. For example, goods purchased in out-of-State mail order company. In many fine mail order companies in Tennessee for use in Arkansas are sub- 1967, the Court ruled in National Bellas America which offer many useful prod- ject to an Arkansas use tax. Use taxes Hess v. Department of Revenue that ucts, and I have no quarrel with any of are used to keep people from avoiding such a State action violated both the them aside from their exemption from sales taxes. If a State doesn’t have a Due Process Clause and the Commerce collecting use taxes. The intent of the use tax, its citizens can avoid paying Clause of the United States Constitu- bill is merely to insure that consumers sales taxes by making purchases in an- tion. Bellas Hess therefore made it im- are protected and Main Street busi- other State. By imposing a use tax possible for Congress to craft a legisla- nesses are treated equitably in relation equal to its sales tax, States can re- tive solution to the problem: although to companies located out-of-State. move the incentive to engage in tax the Commerce Clause is the exclusive Let me repeat, this bill does not cre- circumvention. domain of Congress, the Due Process ate a new tax. It merely allows for the Therefore, in the 45 States which Clause is not subject to Congressional fair and equitable collection of existing presently have sales and use taxes, con- discretion. As long as the due process taxes. If the residents of a State do not sumers are legally obligated to pay holding from Bellas Hess remained wish to pay a use tax, then they can re- those taxes, whether the purchases are good law, Congress’ hands were tied. peal that use tax. That is their prerog- made at a local department store, via In 1992, however, the Supreme Court ative. But if they choose to have a use mail order, or over the internet. Unfor- overruled the due process portion of tax, the Federal Government should tunately, catalog companies typically Bellas Hess. In Quill Corporation allow them to enforce it. That is what do not make their customers aware of versus North Dakota, the Court revis- this bill does—it authorizes the States this obligation—in fact, some mislead ited the issue of mail order tax collec- to collect taxes fairly and evenly from customers into believing that out-of- tion and, applying a more modern due all who conduct business in the State. State purchases are ‘‘tax free.’’ This, of process analysis, concluded that mail Finally, this bill is not a preemption course, is patently false. The company order activities now constitute a suffi- of the States’ power to tax. In fact, may be exempt from collecting use cient connection to the State to justify States are not required to take any ac- taxes, but the customer is still liable the tax collection requirement. In tion as a result of this bill. They may for paying those taxes directly to the other words, a State’s imposition of completely ignore this legislation and State revenue department on every tax collection requirements on an out- continue their present tax collection out-of-State purchase. of-State mail order company no longer methods. This bill merely grants the This situation causes three serious offends due process. States a power presently denied under problems. First, consumers are often The Quill case therefore clears the the Commerce Clause and imposes the shocked to discover that their ‘‘tax- way for Congress to act on this issue. limitations on that power which are free’’ purchase is not really tax free. Although Quill did not overrule the necessary to insure that the resulting State revenue departments inform tens Commerce Clause portion of Bellas burden on out-of-State companies is of thousands of consumers every year Hess, that holding does not preclude not unreasonable. of this sad fact. The consumer finds he Congressional action. As I mentioned is liable for back taxes, interest and earlier, because the Commerce Clause BROAD SUPPORT penalties. grants Congress exclusive authority This measure has already gained ex- Second, Main Street retailers are over interstate commerce, Congress tensive support. The legislation was placed in an unfair position vis-a-vis may, if it chooses, grant the States the crafted with the input of a broad-based mail order houses. This occurs because authority to require out-of-State tax coalition of business and governmental mail order products if no tax is col- collection. Indeed, the Supreme Court associations. They represent large con- lected, are cheaper than if bought in expressly acknowledged in Quill that stituencies in every State, all of which Main Street department stores. Not ‘‘Congress is now free to decide wheth- actively and vocally support the bill. only do most mail order houses not col- er, when, and to what extent the States Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- lect use taxes, they don’t tell their cus- may burden interstate mail-order con- sent that a list of these organizations tomers that they are legally liable to cerns with a duty to collect use taxes.’’ be printed in the RECORD. pay the tax. PROTECTIONS AGAINST UNDUE BURDENS ON There being no objection, the list was Third, State and local governments BUSINESS ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as lose revenues because billions of dol- In writing this bill, I have taken follows: lars of the taxes are never collected. great care to insure that it does not SUPPORTERS OF THE CONSUMER AND MAIN According to the Advisory Commission place an undue burden on business— STREET PROTECTION ACT OF 1998 on Intergovernmental Relations, State particularly small business. I have in- BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS and local governments lose over $3.3 cluded four provisions designed to pro- Home Furnishing International billion a year for this reason. This oc- tect against an overburdensome effect: International Council of Shopping Centers curs, even as mail order companies im- (1) De minimus provision—The Act ex- Jewelers of America pose significant costs on State and pressly exempts any company whose Marine Operators Association of America Marine Retailers Association of America local governments by sending an ava- total U.S. revenue is less than $3 mil- National Floor Covering Association lanche of catalogs and product pack- lion. The exemption will not apply, National Home Furnishings Association aging to municipal landfills. Every however, in any State where the com- North American Retail Dealers Associa- year over 3 million tons of third class pany’s revenue exceeds $100,000; (2) tion

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S231 Performance Warehouse Association (7) the inability of State and local govern- (B) exempts from the tax transactions Computing Technology Industry Associa- ments to require out-of-State firms to col- which are exempt from tax in the bordering tion lect and remit sales taxes deprives State and State. National Association of Retail Druggists local governments of needed revenue and (b) NONUNIFORM LOCAL SALES TAXES.— National Office Products Association forces such State and local governments to (1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in sub- National Small Business United raise taxes on taxpayers, including con- section (d), nonuniform local sales taxes re- International Home Furnishings Rep- sumers and small businesses, in such State, quired to be collected pursuant to this Act resentatives Association (8) the Supreme Court ruled in Quill Cor- shall be collected under one of the options STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATIONS poration v. North Dakota, 112 S. Ct. 1904 provided under paragraph (2). National Governors’ Association (1992) that the due process clause of the Con- (2) ELECTION.—For purposes of paragraph National Conference of State Legislatures stitution does not prohibit a State govern- (1), any person required under authority of National Association of Counties ment from imposing personal jurisdiction this Act to collect nonuniform local sales National League of Cities and tax obligations on out-of-State firms taxes shall elect to collect either— U.S. Conference of Mayors that purposefully solicit sales from residents (A) all nonuniform local sales taxes appli- Multistate Tax Commission therein, and that the Congress has the power cable to transactions in the State, or Federation of Tax Administrators to authorize State governments to require (B) a fee (at the rate determined under Government Finance Officers Association out-of-State firms to collect State and local paragraph (3)) which shall be in lieu of the National Association of State Budget Offi- sales taxes, and nonuniform local sales taxes described in cers (9) as a matter of federalism, the Federal subparagraph (A). National Association of State Auditors, Government has a duty to assist State and Such election shall require the person to use Comptrollers and Treasurers local governments in collecting sales taxes the method elected for all transactions in National Association of State Treasurers on sales from out-of-State firms. the State while the election is in effect. EDUCATION AND LABOR ORGANIZATIONS SEC. 3. AUTHORITY FOR COLLECTION OF SALES (3) RATE OF IN-LIEU FEE.—For purposes of AFL-CIO Public Employees Department TAX. paragraph (2)(B), the rate of the in-lieu fee American Federation of State, County and (a) IN GENERAL.—A State is authorized to for any calendar year shall be an amount Municipal Employees require a person who is subject to the per- equal to the product of— American Federation of Teachers sonal jurisdiction of the State to collect and National School Boards Association remit a State sales tax, a local sales tax, or (A) the amount determined by dividing American Association of School Adminis- both, with respect to tangible personal prop- total nonuniform local sales tax revenues trators erty if— collected in the State for the most recently National Education Association (1) the destination of the tangible personal completed State fiscal year for which data is property is in the State, available by total State sales tax revenues Mr. BUMPERS. Mr. President, I urge for the same year, and my colleagues in the Senate to care- (2) during the 1-year period ending on Sep- tember 30 of the calendar year preceding the (B) the State sales tax rate. fully consider this issue. It is very im- calendar year in which the taxable event oc- Such amount shall be rounded to the nearest portant for the continued vitality of curs, the person has gross receipts from sales 0.25 percent. Main Street America, and I invite you of such tangible personal property— (4) NONUNIFORM LOCAL SALES TAXES.—For to join in this effort to ensure fair com- (A) in the United States exceeding purposes of this Act, nonuniform local sales petition in American business. $3,000,000, or taxes are local sales taxes which do not meet Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- (B) in the State exceeding $100,000, and the requirements of subsection (a). sent that the bill and outline be print- (3) the State, on behalf of its local jurisdic- (c) DISTRIBUTION OF LOCAL SALES TAXES.— ed in the RECORD. tions, collects and administers all local sales (1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in sub- There being no objection, the mate- taxes imposed pursuant to this Act. section (d), a State shall distribute to local (b) STATES MUST COLLECT LOCAL SALES rial was ordered to be printed in the jurisdictions a portion of the amounts col- TAXES.— Except as provided in section 4(d), lected pursuant to this Act determined on RECORD, as follows: a State in which both State and local sales the basis of— S. 1586 taxes are imposed may not require State (A) in the case of uniform local sales taxes, Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- sales taxes to be collected and remitted the proportion which each local jurisdiction resentatives of the United States of America in under subsection (a) unless the State also re- receives of uniform local sales taxes not col- quires the local sales taxes to be collected Congress assembled, lected pursuant to this Act, and remitted under subsection (a). SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. (B) in the case of in-lieu fees described in (c) AGGREGATION RULES.—All persons that This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Consumer would be treated as a single employer under subsection (b)(2)(B), the proportion which and Main Street Protection Act of 1997’’. section 52 (a) or (b) of the Internal Revenue each local jurisdiction’s nonuniform local SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Code of 1986 shall be treated as one person sales tax receipts bears to the total nonuni- The Congress finds that— for purposes of subsection (a). form local sales tax receipts in the State, (1) merchandise purchased from out-of- (d) DESTINATION.—For purposes of sub- and State firms is subject to State and local section (a), the destination of tangible per- (C) in the case of any nonuniform local sales taxes in the same manner as merchan- sonal property is the State or local jurisdic- sales tax collected pursuant to this Act, the dise purchased from in-State firms, tion which is the final location to which the geographical location of the transaction on (2) State and local governments generally seller ships or delivers the property, or to which the tax was imposed. are unable to compel out-of-State firms to which the seller causes the property to be The amounts determined under subpara- collect and remit such taxes, and con- shipped or delivered, regardless of the means graphs (A) and (B) shall be calculated on the sequently, many out-of-State firms choose of shipment or delivery or the location of the basis of data for the most recently completed not to collect State and local taxes on mer- buyer. State fiscal year for which the data is avail- chandise delivered across State lines, SEC. 4. TREATMENT OF LOCAL SALES TAXES. able. (3) moreover, many out-of-State firms fail (a) UNIFORM LOCAL SALES TAXES.— (2) TIMING.—Amounts described in para- to inform their customers that such taxes (1) IN GENERAL.—Sales taxes imposed by graph (1) (B) or (C) shall be distributed by a exist, with some firms even falsely claim local jurisdictions of a State shall be deemed State to its local jurisdictions in accordance that merchandise purchased out-of-State is to be uniform for purposes of this Act and with State timetables for distributing local tax-free, and consequently, many consumers shall be collected under this Act in the same sales taxes, but not less frequently than unknowingly incur tax liabilities, including manner as State sales taxes if— every calendar quarter. Amounts described interest and penalty charges, (A) such local sales taxes are imposed at in paragraph (1)(A) shall be distributed by a (4) Congress has a duty to protect con- the same rate and on identical transactions State as provided under State law. sumers from explicit or implicit misrepre- in all geographic areas in the State, and (3) TRANSITION RULE.—If, upon the effective sentations of State and local sales tax obli- (B) such local sales taxes imposed on sales date of this Act, a State has a State law in gations, by out-of-State persons are collected and ad- effect providing a method for distributing (5) small businesses, which are compelled ministered by the State. local sales taxes other than the method to collect State and local sales taxes, are (2) APPLICATION TO BORDER JURISDICTION under this subsection, then this subsection subject to unfair competition when out-of- TAX RATES.—A State shall not be treated as shall not apply to that State until the 91st State firms cannot be compelled to collect failing to meet the requirements of para- day following the adjournment sine die of and remit such taxes on their sales to resi- graph (1)(A) if, with respect to a local juris- that State’s next regular legislative session dents of the State, diction which borders on another State, such which convenes after the effective date of (6) State and local governments provide a State or local jurisdiction— this Act (or such earlier date as State law number of resources to out-of-State firms in- (A) either reduces or increases the local may provide). Local sales taxes collected cluding government services relating to dis- sales tax in order to achieve a rate of tax pursuant to this Act prior to the application posal of tons of catalogs, mail delivery, com- equal to that imposed by the bordering State of this subsection shall be distributed as pro- munications, and bank and court systems, on identical transactions, or vided by State law.

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(d) EXCEPTION WHERE STATE BOARD COL- use, storage, consumption, distribution, or Uncollected Sales Taxes on Mail Order Goods, LECTS TAXES.—Notwithstanding section 3(b) other use within a State or local jurisdiction 1994 and subsections (b) and (c) of this section, if or other area of a State, of tangible personal Millions a State had in effect on January 1, 1995, a property; Alabama ...... $48.6 State law which provides that local sales (2) the term ‘‘local sales tax’’ means a sales Arizona ...... 44.4 taxes are collected and remitted by a board tax imposed in a local jurisdiction or area of Arkansas ...... 19.6 of elected States officers, then for any period a State and includes, but is not limited to— California ...... 482.8 during which such law continues in effect— (A) a sales tax or in-lieu fee imposed in a Colorado ...... 47.9 (1) the State may require the collection local jurisdiction or area of a State by the Connecticut ...... 50.4 and remittance under this Act of only the State on behalf of such jurisdiction or area, D.C...... 9.9 State sales taxes and the uniform portion of and Florida ...... 168.9 local sales taxes, and (B) a sales tax imposed by a local jurisdic- Georgia ...... 72.9 (2) the State may distribute any local sales tion or other State-authorized entity pursu- Hawaii ...... 9.8 taxes collected pursuant to this Act in ac- ant to the authority of State law, local law, Idaho ...... 9.7 cordance with State law. or both; Illinois ...... 233.1 SEC. 5. RETURN AND REMITTANCE REQUIRE- (3) the term ‘‘person’’ means an individual, Indiana ...... 54.5 MENTS. a trust, estate, partnership, society, associa- Iowa ...... 28.3 (a) IN GENERAL.—A State may not require tion, company (including a limited liability Kansas ...... 33.5 any person subject to this Act— company) or corporation, whether or not Kentucky ...... 41.7 (1) to file a return reporting the amount of acting in a fiduciary or representative capac- Louisiana ...... 61.9 any tax collected or required to be collected ity, and any combination of the foregoing; Maine ...... 13.3 under this Act, or to remit the receipts of (4) the term ‘‘sales tax’’ means a tax, in- Maryland ...... 60.1 such tax, more frequently than once with re- cluding a compensating use tax, that is— Massachusetts ...... 69.0 spect to sales in a calendar quarter, or (A) imposed on or incident to the sale, pur- Michigan ...... 108.4 (2) to file the initial such return, or to chase, storage, consumption, distribution, or Minnesota ...... 53.1 make the initial such remittance, before the other use of tangible personal property as Mississippi ...... 28.0 90th day after the person’s first taxable may be defined or specified under the laws Missouri ...... 63.5 transaction under this Act. imposing such tax, and Nebraska ...... 17.4 (b) LOCAL TAXES.—The provisions of sub- (B) measured by the amount of the sales Nevada ...... 17.4 section (a) shall also apply to any person re- price, cost, charge or other value of or for New Jersey ...... 112.2 quired by a State acting under authority of such property; and New Mexico ...... 16.8 this Act to collect a local sales tax or in-lieu (5) the term ‘‘State’’ means any of the sev- New York ...... 359.4 fee. eral States of the United States, the District North Carolina ...... 71.1 SEC. 6. NONDISCRIMINATION AND EXEMPTIONS. of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto North Dakota ...... 5.8 Any State which exercises any authority Rico, and any territory or possession of the Ohio ...... 116.3 granted under this Act shall allow to all per- United States. Oklahoma ...... 41.8 sons subject to this Act all exemptions or SEC. 10. EFFECTIVE DATE. Pennsylvania ...... 145.0 other exceptions to State and local sales This Act shall take effect 180 days after Rhode Island ...... 14.2 taxes which are allowed to persons located the date of the enactment of this Act. In no South Carolina ...... 31.3 within the State or local jurisdiction. event shall this Act apply to any sale occur- South Dakota ...... 7.3 SEC. 7. APPLICATION OF STATE LAW. ring before such effective date. Tennessee ...... 68.8 (a) PERSONS REQUIRED TO COLLECT STATE Texas ...... 235.2 OUTLINE OF THE CONSUMER AND MAIN STREET OR LOCAL SALES TAX.—Any person required Utah ...... 16.8 PROTECTION ACT OF 1998 by section 3 to collect a State or local sales Vermont ...... 6.0 tax shall be subject to the laws of such State Effect: Congress would give states the au- Virginia ...... 59.9 relating to such sales tax to the extent that thority to require out-of-state sellers to col- Washington ...... 76.2 such laws are consistent with the limitations lect the sales taxes due on goods shipped into West Virginia ...... 18.6 contained in this Act. the state. Under current law, out-of-state Wisconsin ...... 46.6 (b) LIMITATIONS.—Except as provided in companies are exempt from collecting these Wyoming ...... 4.4 subsection (a), nothing in this Act shall be taxes, even though consumers must pay construed to permit a State— them. This places an inappropriate burden Total ...... 3,301.5 (1) to license or regulate any person, on the consumer and places local retailers at (2) to require any person to qualify to a competitive disadvantage. transact intrastate business, or Source: Advisory Commission on Intergovern- Not a New Tax: The Act does not create a (3) to subject any person to State taxes not mental Relations. new tax. It merely deals with how existing related to the sales of tangible personnel taxes are collected, shifting the burden of property. By Mr. CAMPBELL: collecting those taxes from the consumer to (c) PREEMPTION.—Except as otherwise pro- S. 1591. A bill entitled the ‘‘Bullet- the company. vided in this Act, this Act shall not be con- proof Vest Partnership Grant Act of strued to preempt or limit any power exer- Small Companies Exempted: A company will be exempt if its nationwide sales are less 1998’’; to the Committee on the Judici- cised or to be exercised by a State or local ary. jurisdiction under the law of such State or than $3 million. The exemption will not local jurisdiction or under any other Federal apply in any state where the company’s sales THE BULLETPROOF VEST PARTNERSHIP GRANT law. exceed $100,000. ACT OF 1998 SEC. 8. TOLL-FREE INFORMATION SERVICE. One Rate Per State: The Act will not re- Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. President, A State shall not have power under this quire complicated tax calculations. Rather today I am introducing the Bulletproof Act to require any person to collect a State than dealing with a variety of state and local Vest Partnership Grant Act of 1998, a or local sales tax on any sale unless, at the rates, companies will have the option of col- bill to establish a matching grant pro- lecting a single blended rate for each state time of such sale, such State has a toll-free gram to help State, Tribal and local ju- telephone service available to provide such into which products are shipped. Filing Frequency: Under the Act, out-of- risdictions purchase armor vests for person information relating to collection of the use by law enforcement officers. I such State or local sales tax. Such informa- state companies will only have to file tax re- tion shall include, at a minimum, all appli- turns once per quarter. also am working with my colleague, cable tax rates, return and remittance ad- Toll-Free Information Service: To utilize Senator LEAHY, on an expanded version dresses and deadlines, and penalty and inter- the Act, states must establish a toll-free in- of body armor legislation. est information. As part of the service, the formation service to provide out-of-state There are far too many law enforce- State shall also provide all necessary forms companies with necessary information and ment officers who patrol our streets and instructions at no cost to any person forms. and neighborhoods without the proper using the service. The State shall promi- Distribution of Local Sales Taxes: State protective gear against violent crimi- nently display the toll-free telephone num- governments must remit to local jurisdic- nals. As a former deputy sheriff, I ber on all correspondence with any person tions the appropriate local share of taxes know first-hand the risks which law using the service. This service may be pro- collected from out-of-state companies. To vided jointly with other States. ensure this, the Act requires states to dis- enforcement officers face everyday on SEC. 9. DEFINITIONS. tribute local taxes collected out-of-state in the front lines protecting our commu- For the purposes of this Act— the same proportion as local taxes collected nities. (1) the term ‘‘compensating use tax’’ in-state. Distributions must occur at least Today, more than ever, violent crimi- means a tax imposed on or incident to the once every calendar quarter. nals have bulletproof vests and deadly

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S233 weapons at their disposal. In fact, fig- (1) too many law enforcement officers die, ecutive of a State shall submit an applica- ures from the U.S. Department of Jus- while protecting the public, as a result of tion to the Director of the Bureau of Justice tice indicate that approximately 150,000 gunshot wounds; Assistance, signed by the Attorney General law enforcement officers—or 25 percent (2) according to studies, between 1985 and of the State requesting the grant, or Indian 1994, 709 law enforcement officers in the tribe shall submit an application to the Di- of the nation’s 600,000 state and local United States were feloniously killed in the rector, in such form and containing such in- officers—do not have access to bullet- line of duty; formation as the Director may reasonably proof vests. (3) more than 92 percent of such law en- require. The evidence is clear that a bullet- forcement officers were killed by firearms; (b) LOCAL APPLICATIONS.—To request a proof vest is one of the most important (4) the number of law enforcement officers grant under this Act, the chief executive of pieces of equipment that any law en- who die as a result of gunshot wounds has de- a unit of local government shall submit an forcement officer can have. Since the clined significantly since the introduction of application to the Director of the Bureau of introduction of modern bulletproof ma- modern bulletproof material; Justice Assistance, signed by the chief law (5) according to studies, between 1985 and enforcement officer of the unit of local gov- terial, the lives of more than 1,500 offi- 1994, bullet resistant materials helped save ernment requesting the grant, in such form cers have been saved by bulletproof the lives of more than 2,000 law enforcement and containing such information as the Di- vests. In fact, the Federal Bureau of In- officers in the United States; rector may reasonably require. vestigation has concluded that officers (6) the number of law enforcement officers who do not wear bulletproof vests are who were killed in the line of duty would sig- (c) RENEWAL.—A State, unit of local gov- nificantly decrease if every law enforcement ernment, or Indian tribe is eligible to receive 14 times more likely to be killed by a a grant under this Act every 3 years. firearm than those officers who do officer in the United States has access to an armor vest; and (d) REGULATIONS.—Not later than 90 days wear vests. Simply put, bulletproof (7) the Executive Committee for Indian after the date of enactment of this Act, the vests save lives. Country Law Enforcement Improvements re- Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance Unfortunately, many police depart- ports that violent crime in Indian country shall promulgate regulations to implement ments do not have the resources to has risen sharply, despite decreases in the this section (including the information that purchase vests on their own. The Bul- national crime rate, and has concluded that must be included and the requirements that letproof Vest Partnership Grant Act of there is a ‘‘public safety crisis in Indian the States and units of local government 1998 would form a partnership with country. must meet) in submitting the applications state and local law enforcement agen- (b) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this Act is to required under this section. save lives of law enforcement officers by cies in order to make sure that every SEC. 5. PROHIBITION OF PRISON INMATE LABOR. police officer who needs a bulletproof helping State and local law enforcement de- partments provide officers with armor vests. Any State, unit of local government, or In- gets one. It would do so by authorizing dian tribe that receives financial assistance SEC. 3. PROGRAM AUTHORIZED. provided using funds appropriated or other- up to $25 million per year for a new (a) GRANT AUTHORIZATION.—The Director of grant program within the U.S. Depart- the Bureau of Justice Assistance is author- wise made available by this Act may not ment of Justice. The program would ized to make grants to States, units of local purchase equipment or products manufac- provide 50–50 matching grants to state government, and Indian tribes to purchase tured using prison inmate labor. and local law enforcement agencies and vests for use by law enforcement officers. SEC. 6. DEFINITIONS. Indian tribes to assist in purchasing (b) USES OF FUNDS.—Awards shall be dis- For purposes of this Act— bulletproof vests and body armor. To tributed directly to the State, unit of local (1) The term ‘‘armor vest’’ means— make sure that no police department is government or Indian tribe and shall be used for the purchase of not more than 1 armor (A) body armor which has been tested left out of the program, the matching vest for each policy officer in a jurisdiction. through the voluntary compliance testing requirement could be waived for those (c) PREFERENTIAL CONSIDERATION.—In program operated by the National Law En- jurisdictions that cannot afford it. awarding grants under this Act, the Director forcement and Corrections Technology Cen- This bill is a companion to legisla- of the Bureau of Justice Assistance may give ter of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), tion introduced in the House of Rep- preferential consideration, where feasible, to and found to comply with the requirements of NIJ Standard 0101.03, or any subsequent resentatives by Congressman PETER J. applications from jurisdictions that— revision of such standard; or VISCLOSKY from Indiana. That legisla- (1) have the greatest need for armor vests (b) body armor which exceeds the specifica- tion already has over 200 cosponsors. based on the percentage of officers in the de- partment who do not have access to a vest; tions stated in subparagraph (A), and which This bill has been endorsed by the (2) have a mandatory wear policy that re- the law enforcement officer’s agency or de- Fraternal Order of Police, the National quires on-duty officers to wear armor vests partment permits the officer to wear on Sheriffs’ Association, the International whenever feasible; and duty. Union of Police Associations, the Po- (3) have a violent crime rate at or above (2) The term ‘‘State’’ means each of the 50 lice Executive Research Forum, the the national average as determined by the States, the District of Columbia, Puerto International Brotherhood of Police Of- Federal Bureau of Investigation. Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, ficers, and the National Association of (d) MINIMUM AMOUNT.—Unless all applica- American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana tions submitted by any State or unit of local Islands. Police Organizations. government pursuant to subsection (a) have (3) The term ‘‘qualifying State or unit of While we know that there is no way been funded, each qualifying State or unit of local government’’ means any State or unit to end the risks inherent to a career in local government shall be allocated in each of local government which has submitted an law enforcement, we must do every- fiscal year pursuant to subsection (a) not application for a grant, or in which an eligi- thing possible to ensure that officers less than 0.25 percent of the total amount ap- ble entity has submitted an application for a propriated in the fiscal year for grants pur- who put their lives on the line every grant, which meets the requirements pre- suant to that subsection. day also put on a vest. Body armor is scribed by the Director of the Bureau of Jus- one of the most important pieces of (e) MAXIMUM AMOUNT.—A qualifying State or unit of local government may not receive tice Assistance and the conditions set out in equipment an officer can have and more than 5 percent of the total amount ap- section 3. often means the difference between life propriated in each fiscal year for grants pur- (4) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘‘Indian tribe’’ and death. suant to subsection (a). has the same meaning as in section 4(e) of Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- (f) MATCHING FUNDS.—The portion of the the Indian Self-Determination and Edu- sent that the text of the bill be printed costs of a program provided by a grant under cation Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b(e)). in the RECORD. subsection (a) may not exceed 50 percent, un- SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION FOR APPROPRIATIONS. There being no objection, the bill was less the Director of the Bureau of Justice As- There are authorized to be appropriated ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as sistance determines a case of fiscal hardship $25,000,000 for each fiscal year to carry out follows: and waives, wholly or in part, the require- this program. ment under this subsection of a non-Federal S. 1591 contribution to the costs of a program. SEC. 8. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- (g) ALLOCATION OF FUNDS.—At least half of In the case of any equipment or products resentatives of the United states of America in the funds awarded under this program shall that may be authorized to be purchased with Congress assembled, be allocated to units of local government or financial assistance provided using funds ap- SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. Indian tribes with fewer than 100,000 resi- propriated or otherwise made available by This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Bulletproof dents. this Act, it is the sense of the Congress that Vest Partnership Grant Act of 1998’’. SEC. 4. APPLICATIONS. entities receiving the assistance should, in SEC. 2. FINDINGS; PURPOSE. (a) STATE AND TRIBAL APPLICATIONS.—To expending the assistance, purchase only (a) FINDINGS—Congress finds that— request a grant under this Act, the chief ex- American-made equipment and products.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S234 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS sor of S. 1384, A bill to amend title 5, Concurrent Resolution 71, A concur- S. 971 United States Code, to make the Fed- rent resolution condemning Iraq’s eral Employees Health Benefits Pro- threat to international peace and secu- At the request of Mr. LAUTENBERG, the name of the Senator from Cali- gram available to the general public, rity. and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. LOTT, the fornia [Mrs. FEINSTEIN] was added as a cosponsor of S. 971, A bill to amend the S. 1427 names of the Senator from Arkansas Federal Water Pollution Control Act to At the request of Mr. FORD, the [Mr. HUTCHINSON], the Senator from improve the quality of coastal recre- names of the Senator from Oregon [Mr. Oklahoma [Mr. NICKLES], the Senator ation waters, and for other purposes. WYDEN], the Senator from Alaska [Mr. from Alabama [Mr. SHELBY], the Sen- MURKOWSKI], the Senator from Mis- ator from Colorado [Mr. ALLARD], the S. 1208 sissippi [Mr. LOTT], the Senator from Senator from Ohio [Mr. DEWINE], the At the request of Mrs. BOXER, the Senator from Missouri [Mr. BOND], the name of the Senator from Massachu- Georgia [Mr. COVERDELL], and the Sen- ator from Nevada [Mr. BRYAN] were Senator from Kentucky [Mr. MCCON- setts [Mr. KENNEDY] was added as a co- NELL], the Senator from Alabama [Mr. sponsor of S. 1208, A bill to protect added as cosponsors of S. 1427, A bill to SESSIONS], the Senator from Indiana women’s reproductive health and con- amend the Communications Act of 1934 [Mr. LUGAR], and the Senator from In- stitutional right to choice, and for to require the Federal Communications diana [Mr. COATS] were added as co- other purposes. Commission to preserve lowpower tele- vision stations that provide commu- sponsors of Senate Concurrent Resolu- S. 1214 nity broadcasting, and for other pur- tion 71, supra. At the request of Mr. ALLARD, the poses. At the request of Mr. ENZI, his name name of the Senator from Wisconsin S. 1480 was added as a cosponsor of Senate [Mr. FEINGOLD] was added as a cospon- At the request of Ms. SNOWE, the Concurrent Resolution 71, supra. sor of S. 1214, A bill to amend the Line name of the Senator from Texas [Mrs. At the request of Mr. COCHRAN, his Item Veto Act of 1996 to eliminate the HUTCHISON] was added as a cosponsor of name was added as a cosponsor of Sen- requirement that a Federal budget def- S. 1480, A bill to authorize appropria- ate Concurrent Resolution 71, supra. icit must exist in order for the Presi- tions for the National Oceanic and At- At the request of Mr. KYL, his name dent to use the line-item veto author- mospheric Administration to conduct was added as a cosponsor of Senate ity. research, monitoring, education and Concurrent Resolution 71, supra. S. 1251 management activities for the eradi- At the request of Mr. SANTORUM, his At the request of Mr. D’AMATO, the cation and control of harmful algal name, and the name of the Senator names of the Senator from Idaho [Mr. blooms, including blooms of Pfiesteria from Nebraska [Mr. KERREY] were KEMPTHORNE], and the Senator from piscicida and other aquatic toxins. added as cosponsors of Senate Concur- Nebraska [Mr. KERREY] were added as S. 1575 rent Resolution 71, supra. cosponsors of S. 1251, A bill to amend At the request of Mr. CLELAND, his At the request of Mr. COVERDELL, the the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to in- names of the Senator from Maine [Ms. name was withdrawn as a cosponsor of crease the amount of private activity Senate Concurrent Resolution 71, COLLINS], the Senator from Alabama bonds which may be issued in each supra. [Mr. SHELBY], the Senator from Alaska State, and to index such amount for in- [Mr. MURKOWSKI], the Senator from SENATE RESOLUTION 168 flation. Pennsylvania [Mr. SPECTER], the Sen- At the request of Mr. HUTCHINSON, S. 1252 ator from Alaska [Mr. STEVENS], the the name of the Senator from New At the request of Mr. D’AMATO, the Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. York [Mr. D’AMATO] was added as a co- name of the Senator from Illinois [Mr. SMITH], the Senator from Oklahoma sponsor of Senate Resolution 168, A DURBIN] was added as a cosponsor of S. [Mr. INHOFE], and the Senator from resolution expressing the sense of the 1252, A bill to amend the Internal Rev- New Mexico [Mr. DOMENICI] were added Senate that the Department of Edu- enue Code of 1986 to increase the as cosponsors of S. 1575, A bill to re- cation, States, and local educational amount of low- income housing credits name the Washington National Airport agencies should spend a greater per- which may be allocated in each State, located in the District of Columbia and centage of Federal education tax dol- and to index such amount for inflation. Virginia as the ‘‘Ronald Reagan Wash- lars in our children’s classrooms. S. 1260 ington National Airport.’’ AMENDMENT NO. 1397 At the request of Mr. NICKLES, his SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 12 At the request of Mr. GRAMM the name was added as a cosponsor of S. At the request of Mr. TORRICELLI, the names of the Senator from Oklahoma 1260, A bill to amend the Securities Act name of the Senator from Maryland [Mr. NICKLES], and the Senator from of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act [Ms. MIKULSKI] was added as a cospon- Texas [Mrs. HUTCHISON] were added as of 1934 to limit the conduct of securi- sor of Senate Concurrent Resolution 12, cosponsors of Amendment No. 1397 in- ties class actions under State law, and A concurrent resolution expressing the tended to be proposed to S. 1173, A bill for other purposes. sense of the Congress with respect to to authorize funds for construction of At the request of Mr. GRAMM, the the collection on data on ancestry in highways, for highway safety pro- name of the Senator from Mississippi the decennial census. grams, and for mass transit programs, [Mr. COCHRAN] was added as a cospon- SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 65 and for other purposes. sor of S. 1260, supra. At the request of Ms. SNOWE, the f S. 1297 names of the Senator from Delaware SENATE RESOLUTION 170—REL- At the request of Mr. COVERDELL, the [Mr. BIDEN], the Senator from Maine ATIVE TO BIOMEDICAL RE- names of the Senator from Rhode Is- [Ms. COLLINS], the Senator from Iowa SEARCH land [Mr. CHAFEE], the Senator from [Mr. HARKIN], the Senator from Massa- Mr. SPECTER (for himself, Mr. HAR- Texas [Mr. GRAMM], the Senator from chusetts [Mr. KENNEDY], the Senator KIN, Mr. FRIST, Mr. REED, Ms. SNOWE, Texas [Mrs. HUTCHISON], the Senator from Connecticut [Mr. LIEBERMAN], and from Wyoming [Mr. THOMAS], the Sen- the Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. Mr. DEWINE, and Mr. D’AMATO) sub- mitted the following resolution; which ator from Oklahoma [Mr. INHOFE], and SPECTER] were added as cosponsors of the Senator from New Mexico [Mr. Senate Concurrent Resolution 65, A was referred to the Committee on the DOMENICI] were added as cosponsors of concurrent resolution calling for a Budget: S. 1297, A bill to redesignate Wash- United States effort to end restriction S. RES. 170 ington National Airport as ‘‘Ronald on the freedoms and human rights of Whereas past investments in biomedical Reagan Washington National Airport.’’ the enclaved people in the occupied research have resulted in better health, an improved quality of life for all Americans S. 1384 area of Cyprus. and a reduction in national health care ex- At the request of Mr. DASCHLE, the SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 71 penditures; name of the Senator from Maryland At the request of Mr. REED, his name Whereas the Nation’s commitment to bio- [Ms. MIKULSKI] was added as a cospon- was added as a cosponsor of Senate medical research has expanded the base of

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S235 scientific knowledge about health and dis- Whereas the fundamental way science is chairman was TOM HARKIN, or more re- ease and revolutionized the practice of medi- conducted is changing at a revolutionary cently under my chairmanship, we cine; pace, demanding a far greater investment in have increased the funding tremen- Whereas the federal government represents emerging new technologies, research train- the single largest contributor to biomedical ing programs, and in developing new skills dously. And the National Institutes of research conducted in the United States; among scientific investigators; Health has responded with really ex- Whereas biomedical research continues to Whereas most Americans show over- traordinary advances in research iden- play a vital role in the growth of this Na- whelming support for an increased federal in- tifying genes. Now the work has to be tion’s biotechnology, medical device, and vestment in biomedical research: Now, pushed forward to see exactly what can pharmaceutical industries; therefore, be it be accomplished in the next century. Whereas the origin of many of the new Resolved, The President said on Tuesday night drugs and medical devices currently in use is SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. that someone born today would have a based in biomedical research supported by This resolution may be cited as the ‘‘Bio- the National Institutes of Health; medical Revitalization Resolution of 1998’’. good chance of living into the 22nd cen- Whereas women have traditionally been SEC. 2. SENSE OF THE SENATE. tury, 100 years. I think that is a possi- underrepresented in medical research proto- It is the sense of the Senate that funding bility. But only if we maintain the phe- cols, yet are severely affected by diseases in- for the National Institutes of Health should nomenal advances of the NIH. cluding breast cancer, which will kill over be increased by $2,000,000,000 in fiscal year I personally have been the bene- 44,000 women this year; ovarian cancer which 1999 and that the budget resolution appro- ficiary of the tremendous advances of will claim another 14,800 lives; and, priately reflect sufficient funds to achieve the National Institutes of Health. Two osteoporosis and cardiovascular disorders; this objective. Whereas research sponsored by the Na- decades ago there was no such thing as tional Institutes of Health is responsible for Mr. SPECTER. Mr. President, I have an MRI. That device detected a prob- the identification of genetic mutations relat- sought recognition today for the pur- lem for me. And other advances led to ing to nearly 100 diseases, including Alz- pose of submitting a resolution calling good results for me. I know millions of heimer’s disease, cystic fibrosis, Hunting- for the Budget Committee to add $2 bil- people have benefited from the re- ton’s disease, osteoporosis, many forms of lion for the National Institutes of search and the investment which we cancer, and immune deficiency disorders; Health, and I do so because of the have made in the National Institutes of Whereas many Americans still face serious unanimous view expressed by the Sen- and life-threatening health problems, both Health. But that takes money, and acute and chronic; ate last year on a resolution that NIH that is why this resolution is being of- Whereas neurodegenerative diseases of the funding should be doubled over the fered by Senator HARKIN, Senator elderly, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s course of the 5 years following the date FRIST, Senator REID, Senator SNOWE disease threaten to destroy the lives of mil- of the introduction of the resolution by and myself, to call upon the Budget lions of Americans, overwhelm the Nation’s our distinguished colleague, Senator Committee to add in $2 billion so we health care system, and bankrupt the Medi- MACK. That resolution was introduced can carry forward the important work care and Medicaid programs; on January 22, 1997. Regrettably, even Whereas 33 million Americans annually of the National Institutes of Health. suffer from injuries resulting from trauma; though that resolution was passed 98 to Last year I attended the dedication Whereas 4 million Americans are currently nothing, when the budget resolution of a building named in honor of Sen- infected with the hepatitis C virus, an insid- was returned, the appropriate health ator Hatfield, who has been a tremen- ious liver condition that can lead to inflam- account has a reduction of $100 million. dous leader on NIH, and many other mation, cirrhosis, and cancer as well as liver So that even though the Senate had items, the distinguished chairman of failure; spoken on its intent to see NIH funding Whereas 200,000 Americans are now suf- the Appropriations Committee for fering from AIDS and hundreds of thousands raised, doubling over 5 years, and that many years. When I was there, I talked more with HIV infection; was from a figure of about $13 billion, to Dr. Varmus, who is the head of NIH. Whereas cancer remains a comprehensive the funds simply were not there. That I said, ‘‘Dr. Varmus, what would it threat to any tissue or organ of the body at led to the introduction of an amend- really take?’’ As I asked Dr. Klausner, any age, and remains a top cause of mor- ment to the budget resolution by Sen- who heads the cancer research, ‘‘Tell bidity and morality; ator HARKIN and myself, Senator HAR- Whereas the extent of psychiatric and neu- us what you can really appropriately rological diseases poses considerable chal- KIN being my distinguished colleague use?’’ Because many grant applications lenges in understanding the workings of the and ranking member of the sub- are turned down. He said, ‘‘Well, Sen- brain and nervous system; committee which I chair on Labor, ator, I can’t really tell you that be- Whereas recent advances in the treatment Health, Human Services and Edu- cause we have to file the wish list with of HIV illustrate the promise research holds cation. And we sought to add in $1.1 the Office of Management and Budget.’’ for even more effective, accessible, and af- billion to carry out the expressed sense He didn’t quite put it that way. But fordable treatments for persons with HIV; of the Senate. That was defeated 63 to Whereas infants and children are the hope there are limitations. of our future, yet they continue to be the 37. So that, while the Senate had ex- I said to Dr. Varmus, ‘‘This year the most vulnerable and underserved members of pressed its druthers on a resolution, Senate is going to want to know in an our society; when it came to the dollars they sim- unvarnished form what you really Whereas approximately one out of every ply were not there. think could be appropriately used for five American men will develop prostate can- Senator HARKIN and I then went to the National Institutes of Health.’’ cer and over 40,000 men will die from pros- work with our subcommittee and we Then I made a comment that we still tate cancer each year; were able, by making economies and Whereas diabetes, both insulin and non-in- have the subpoena power, to really find sulin forms, afflict 16 million Americans and establishing priorities, to add $952 mil- out what it would take. And I suspect places them at risk for acute and chronic lion to the NIH account for an increase that it is a very large figure. But when complications, including blindness, kidney of 7.5 percent. After the conference we you have a Federal budget of $1.7 tril- failure, atherosclerosis and nerve degenera- did increase the figure by some $907 lion, I believe it is possible to establish tion; million, so that now the National Insti- priorities to make NIH a top priority. Whereas the emerging understanding of tutes of Health has $13,647,843,000. And In the last few years, Senator HARKIN the principles of biomimetrics have been ap- the National Institutes of Health, I and I have consolidated and eliminated plied to the development of hard tissue such suggest to my colleagues, and the as bone and teeth as well as soft tissue, and 135 programs to enable us to save $1.5 this field of study holds great promise for country—anybody who is watching on billion. It’s pretty hard to eliminate a the design of new classes of biomaterials, C–SPAN2—is the crown jewel of the program in Washington, DC, but we pharmaceuticals, diagnostic and analytical Federal Government. The funding has have been able to do that. With that reagents; been increased steadily during my ten- $1.5 billion we have allocated those Whereas research sponsored by the Na- ure in the Senate, regardless of who funds to NIH, guaranteed student tional Institutes of Health will map and se- was chairing the subcommittee. Al- loans, and many, many other impor- quence the entire human genome by 2005, though the budgets were always high, leading to a new era of molecular medicine tant projects. that will provide unprecedented opportuni- frequently had cuts called for by the So, with those brief comments I send ties for the prevention, diagnoses, treat- administration, when the chairman this resolution to the desk. I ask it be ment, and cure of diseases that currently was Senator Weicker, when the chair- held at the desk. I ask my colleagues plague society; man was Lawton Chiles, when the who are listening on C–SPAN2, or their

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S236 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 staffs, to take a look at the resolution AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO we differ with their government. North because I would like to see cosponsors. MEET Korea is an example. Yet, because of I think we ought to have the 98 who COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES our obsessive antipathy toward Fidel voted last year for the resolution Mr. GRAMS. Mr. President, I ask Castro, we have applied a different which I cosponsored with Senator unanimous consent that the committee standard to Cuba. Unfortunately, it is MACK, and perhaps the two absentees on Armed Services be authorized to the Cuban people who have suffered as as well. meet at 2:30 p.m. on Thursday, January a result, not their government. In fact, Mr. FRIST. Mr. President, I am 29, 1998, in open session, to receive tes- it has given Fidel Castro a convenient pleased to rise in support of the resolu- timony on the national security impli- excuse to blame the United States for whatever goes wrong there. tion before us today to express the cations of enlarging NATO and the con- The American Association for World Sense of the Senate that the Federal tinued deployment of U.S. forces in Health reports that malnutrition, dete- commitment to biomedical research at Bosnia. rioration of water quality, and serious The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the National Institutes of Health is one deficiencies in medicines, equipment objection, it is so ordered. of our highest priorities in fiscal year and medical information have resulted 1999. This resolution states that Con- COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES from American restrictions severely gress should increase the NIH budget Mr. GRAMS. Mr. President, I ask limit the sale of medicines they actu- by $2 billion next year. unanimous consent that the Com- ally prohibit the sale of food. Not even I would like to commend my col- mittee on Armed Services be author- the sanctions against Libya, Iran, and league, Senator SPECTER, for his lead- ized to meet at 10:00 a.m. on Thursday, Iraq contain such extreme measures. ership in bringing this resolution for- January 29, 1998, in open session, to re- This outright ban on food has been es- ward today to ensure our commitment ceive testimony on the report and rec- pecially harmful to women and chil- to biomedical research. I was an origi- ommendations of the national defense. dren, contributing to nutritional defi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without nal cosponsor with Senator MACK of cits among pregnant women and low similar legislation, Senate Resolution objection, it is so ordered. birth-weight babies, as well as a high 15, introduced on the first day of the SUBCOMMITTEE ON SECURITIES incidence of neurological disease. 105th Congress. The ‘‘Biomedical Re- Mr. GRAMS. Mr. President, I ask I have long believed that the way to search Commitment Resolution of unanimous consent that the Sub- encourage democratic reforms and re- 1997,’’ expressed the Sense of the Sen- committee on Securities of the Com- spect for human rights in Cuba is not ate that the NIH budget should be dou- mittee on Banking, Housing, and through isolation of this tiny island bled over the next five years. The reso- Urban Affairs be authorized to meet nation, but through the normalization lution before us today puts us one step during the session of the Senate on of our relationship by relaxing the em- closer to achieving that goal. Thursday, January 29, 1998, to conduct bargo. One would think that after thir- an oversight hearing on market circuit ty-seven years, with Castro still in I have struggled with the effort to breakers. power, we would try another approach. balance the budget and preserve a The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Many Americans share this view. Over strong federal role in biomedical re- objection, it is so ordered. $60 million in medicine and medical search during times of fiscal restraint. COMMITTEE ON FINANCE supplies have been donated by U.S. As a member of the Senate Budget Mr. GRAMS. Mr. President, the Fi- citizens over the past five years. Unfor- Committee, it will be my goal to in- nance Committee requests unanimous tunately, this great display of gen- crease the NIH budget within the con- consent to conduct a hearing on Thurs- erosity represents only a tiny portion text of the overall budget agreement day, January 29, 1998 beginning at 10:00 of the over $400 million in medicines reached by Congress last year. a.m. in room 215 Dirksen. and food that Cuba imported from the Historically, Congress has dem- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without United States prior to the passage of onstrated strong support for increased objection, it is so ordered. the restrictive 1992 Cuban Democracy funding for the important work of the SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS Act. National Institutes of Health. The sci- Mr. GRAMS. Mr. President, I ask I urge all Members of Congress to re- entific and medical breakthroughs sup- unanimous consent that the Perma- consider the reasons behind our embar- ported by the National Institutes of nent Subcommittee on Investigations go against Cuba. The Cold War ended Health in the last 50 years have im- of the Committee on Governmental Af- years ago. Easing the restrictions on proved vastly our capacity to prevent, fairs, be authorized to meet during the the sale and donation of medicines and diagnose, and treat human disease. As session of the Senate on Thursday, food to Cuba will not, in any way, com- a heart and lung transplant surgeon, I January 29, 1998, to hold a hearing at promise our nation’s security. While know that biomedical research is fun- 9:30 a.m. in SD–342 entitled Medicare Pope John Paul’s visit may not signal damentally important in our battle Fraud Prevention: Improving The Medi- a political change in Cuba, it does il- against disease. As Americans, we have care Enrollment Process. lustrate a new opening by the Castro the benefit of one of the finest health The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without regime for religious expression that the care systems in the world, and it is objection, it is so ordered. United States should encourage. Pas- sage of the Cuban Women and Children vital that we continue to invest in our f research efforts to maintain this Humanitarian Relief Act would not ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS health care system. only ease the suffering of the Cuban population, it would reaffirm to the As chairman of the Senate Sub- world that the United States is the hu- CUBAN WOMEN AND CHILDREN committee on Public Health and Safe- manitarian nation we hold ourselves HUMANITARIAN RELIEF ACT ty with jurisdiction over the NIH, I be- out to be.∑ lieve that one of the federal govern- ∑ Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I am f ment’s primary duties is to ensure our pleased to be an original cosponsor of investment in long-term biomedical re- Senator DODD’s legislation, the ‘‘Cuban TRIBUTE TO CHARLES H. CUFFELD search as a public good. The commit- Women and Children Humanitarian Re- ∑ Mr. SANTORUM. Mr. President, I ment to this investment allows us to lief Act.’’ rise today to honor a distinguished reap many benefits in improving the This bill, which is long overdue, au- public servant upon his retirement as quality of life for our citizens. It is in thorizes the President to permit the President Judge of the Philadelphia this spirit that I urge my colleagues on sale of food, medicine, and medical Traffic Court. Born and raised in Phila- both sides of the aisle to support the equipment to the Cuban people. One delphia, Charles Cuffeld devoted his life passage of this resolution in recogni- would think that this would not be to the city. Charles will be sincerely tion that the future of our nation’s necessary. The United States has a missed not only for the vision and lead- health is dependent on our strong in- long history of providing humanitarian ership he brought to his office, but also vestment in biomedical research. assistance to needy people even when for his integrity and character.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S237 On December 24, 1991, Governor Rob- Philadelphia Traffic Court. He worked [From the Herald Tribune, Dec. 10, 1997] ert Casey appointed Charles President to raise awareness of the law, to en- TOUGH, SMART WOMEN, WORKING TO BETTER Judge of the Philadelphia Traffic force the law, and to bring justice to IRAN Court. Charles became the first Afri- the people. During his tenure as Presi- (By Catherine O’Neill) can-American President Judge to serve dent Judge, Charles bought the same TEHRAN.—Somehow I had always felt that in either the Traffic Court or the Com- passion for the law to his work as an women who adopted the chador had shut me monwealth of Pennsylvania. Prior to administrator. He skillfully modern- out. That black cloak seemed a way of say- this appointment, he had served as an ing: ‘‘Don’t approach! My values are dif- ized the court, handled personnel mat- ferent.’’ elected Traffic Court judge since 1982. ters, ensured his judges kept up to date A recent visit to Iran has proved how Early in his tenure, President Judge on legal developments, and improved wrong I was. It also has taught me some- Cuffeld established goals to improve communication operations. Equally thing about not imposing my values on the Court’s productivity, increase pub- important is the care and compassion tough, smart women who are working to lic accessibility, and foster public re- he has shown for the community. make changes in their country. spect for the law. Most would agree Charles is the product of hard work, fo- At the invitation of Unicef, I went to Tehran to attend a conference on the UN that great strides were achieved in cused determination, and a strong each of these areas. For instance, Convention on the Rights of the Child. The sense of civic responsibility. He is a conference was organized by a group of Ira- President Judge Cuffeld modernized fine role model for those who have been the Court’s operations. Internal com- nian women who want to change some of fortunate enough to know him. As Iran’s laws affecting children and women. munication was enhanced through President Judge Charles Cuffeld retires Almost no non-Iranians were present in technological improvements. A clear from public life, I ask my colleagues to the hotel ballroom as several hundred chain of command was established for join me in extending the Senate’s best chador-clad women, and some men, dis- the Traffic Court departments. Super- cussed, debated and criticized aspects of wishes to him and his family.∑ visors were educated on personnel reg- Iran’s laws. ulations. Several departments were re- One speaker criticized Iranian companies organized, and employees were cross- f that profit from cheap child labor. Another talked about the illogic of a 30- trained in all departments. Even the year-old woman professor’s being unable to judges were sent to annual training TOUGH, SMART WOMEN WORKING choose a spouse without the approval of a fa- and recertification programs. Like- TO BETTER IRAN ther or grandfather—while a 15-year-old boy wise, the Traffic Court under President Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, it has needs no approval to get married. Judge Cuffeld developed working rela- been almost twenty years since the Speakers noted Iran’s effective village tionships with other law enforcement overthrow of the Shah of Iran and the health care programs, universal immuniza- agencies, interdepartmental units, and tion for children and the high percentage of year-long ordeal of the American hos- girls and boys attending school. the local media. Other initiatives made tages in Tehran. The U.S. swiftly re- But the speakers wanted more for Iran’s Traffic Court more accessible. Ex- sponded to those incidents by isolating children and women. panded payment operations, night Iran diplomatically, militarily, and During breaks, women approached me to court, motion court, and outreach economically. Today our policy of iso- talk. They were doctors, lawyers, teachers, court, in which surrounding neighbor- lation continues. psychologists, professors, child education ex- hood police stations hosted Traffic perts and mothers. We cared about the same The U.S. has legitimate, serious con- things: drug abuse among young people, Court, were among these important cerns about the Iranian Government’s programs. Finally, President Judge child custody issues, child abuse, juvenile de- support for international terrorism, its linquency, homeless children, foster care and Cuffeld strengthened traffic law en- efforts to undermine the Arab-Israeli child labor. forcement programs. In fact, some ini- peace process, and its acquisition of My experiences in Iran should not be so tiatives have been so successful that weapons of mass destruction. We must rare for Americans. A new generation has ar- Canadian and other foreign officials continue to vigorously pressure Iran to rived and almost two decades have passed have expressed interest in duplicating since the hostage crisis of 1979-80. The United modify its conduct in each of these States is the only major power with no con- them. areas. Beyond his judicial service, Charles tact with Iran. But the Iranian people have However, rather than adhere blindly has participated in many community- given a signal: They voted in a new president to all aspects of a policy that was con- oriented organizations. He has served against the recommendations of their reli- ceived in response to events in 1979, it gious leaders. on the Mayor’s Office of Community is time to reevaluate our relationship It’s time for us in the United States to Services Advisory Board and the Boy with Iran and its people and consider reach out to the 70 million children, men and Scouts Unity District Council. Cur- women in Iran, who, I’ve found, have much the advantages that might result from rently, Charles is a member of the Sal- in common with us.∑ a more open dialogue. vation Army Advisory Board and a Di- f rector of Concerned Black Men, Inc. I Too often our antagonism toward NATIONAL RADIO MONTH am also very proud to note that Iran obscures the fact that many Ira- Charles serves on my own Military nian citizens desire better relations ∑ Mr. GRAMS. Mr. President, I rise Academy Review Board. with the United States. On January 7, today to recognize the role of the radio An even more revealing testament of 1998 Iranian President Mohammad broadcasting community in my home Charles’ commitment to public service Khatemi said in an interview with CNN state of Minnesota. I cannot think of a is the fact that organizations across that he wanted people-to-people ex- more appropriate time to reflect upon the political and ideological spectrum changes to ‘‘crack the wall of mis- how radio affects our daily lives than have honored him. Both the V.F.W. and trust’’ between the United States and during ‘‘National Radio Month.’’ the N.A.A.C.P. named him Man of the Iran. A December 10, 1997 article in the This year marks the 78th anniversary Year. For outstanding community ‘‘International Herald Tribune’’ by Ms. of radio in the United States. Through- service, he received a Congressional Catherine O’Neill, who recently visited out this time, radio has become an in- Certificate of Merit. He is a two-time Iran on behalf of UNICEF, entitled, fluential medium in the lives of most recipient of the Governor of the Com- ‘‘Tough, Smart Women, Working to Americans. Today, there are over 12,200 monwealth of Pennsylvania Highway Better Iran,’’ illustrates that there are radios in the U.S. According to the Safety Award. WCAU-TV Channel 10 many similarities between us and the Radio Advertising Bureau, people lis- presented him the Spirit of Philadel- Iranian people and that citizens of both ten to radio an average of 3 hours and phia News Award. He has received a countries could benefit from the reg- 12 minutes on weekdays, and 4 hours Certificate of Appreciation from the ular sharing of ideas and academic and and 42 minutes on weekends. Four out Philadelphia Police Department. Fi- professional advances if only the oppor- of five motorists are listening to the nally, Charles has also been honored tunity were there. radio while driving, and 61.7 percent with the North Philadelphia Youth In- Mr. President, I ask that excerpts are tuned into radio during TV’s prime- vestment Award. from Ms. O’Neill’s article be printed in time hours. In closing, Mr. President, Charles the RECORD. As a former broadcaster, I certainly Cuffeld set a new standard for the The excerpts follow: understand the extraordinary influence

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S238 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 and unselfish nature of radio. Radio Additional past noteworthy accom- over a decade, I commend his out- broadcasts serve a variety of purposes. plishments include efforts by WJON– standing achievement and compliment Radio communicates with listeners AM and its two sister stations in St. him on this well-deserved honor. during time of emergency, informs Cloud to raise money to buy bullet- Paul will be the first New Hampshire them of noteworthy community events proof vests for the police departments. automobile dealer to serve as President such as fundraising drives, educates Its goal was $50,000, but ultimately of NADA. This is a great honor not them about developing stories and cur- raised $75,000. And stations 92 KQRS– only for Paul, but for the Granite rent events, entertains during long FM and 93.7 KEGE–FM in Minneapolis State. It is Paul’s strong work ethic drives across our states, and serves as a have worked with Minnesota Job Serv- and Yankee ingenuity that have cata- calming influence during the most try- ices to set up a free interactive tele- pulted he and his wife, Anna Grace, ing times in our lives. Finally, radio phone hotline to connect employers from the first Buick-Pontiac dealership plays a key role in preserving our vi- with qualified applicants. Amazingly, they bought in 1967 to the five dealer- brant democracy by encouraging their this service registers 10,000 calls each ships they have today. audiences to vote, and running special month. Last year, Minnesota radio and Paul’s strong drive and spirit was ex- segments about candidates and their television stations raised $1.6 million hibited forty years ago when Paul platforms. for flood relief efforts and produced a passed up a career in professional foot- The public affairs activities of Min- video titled ‘‘Beyond the Flood’’ donat- ball to finish his bachelor of science de- nesota’s radio stations have been un- ing the profits to flood victims. gree in business at Temple University derscored by a recent Minnesota Broad- Through disaster relief efforts, holi- in Philadelphia. Paul was drafted as a casters Association survey of radio ex- day safety initiatives, fund-raising linebacker by several teams, but in- ecutives in which 50 percent of radio drives, school announcements, and stead decided to pursue his career in stations responded. First, 95 percent of weather emergencies, Minnesota radio the automobile industry. New Hamp- radio stations have helped charities, broadcasters have demonstrated their shire is fortunate that he made the charitable causes or needy individuals choice he did. through fundraising and other types of commitment and dedication to public I am certain Anna Grace, along with support. Second, radio stations run a service. I am proud of the leadership their children Scott and Debra, are as median of 100 public service announce- shown by each of these stations, and proud of Paul’s achievements as are his ments each week, highlighting issues am pleased to have shared their accom- ∑ friends and colleagues in New Hamp- such as flood and disaster relief efforts, plishments with the Senate. shire. Paul’s commitment and dedica- AIDS awareness, safety campaigns, f tion to excellence will benefit the drunk driving, and drug and crime edu- UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH DAKOTA members of NADA as much as it has cation programs. Finally, 71 percent of MEN’S CROSS COUNTRY TEAM the people of New England. Paul Hollo- radio stations aired a local political af- WINS NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP fairs program or segment dealing with way will be a vibrant and effective ∑ Mr. JOHNSON. Mr. President, I the 1996 elections. leader for NADA. Mr. President, there are 242 radio sta- want to take this opportunity today to Congratulations, Paul, on this out- tions in Minnesota. Each of these sta- recognize an extraordinary group of standing recognition by your col- tions has made unique and vital con- young athletes from my alma mater, leagues in the industry. I know you tributions toward serving their com- the University of South Dakota. The will meet this new challenge with munities and interacting with lis- University of South Dakota Men’s honor and distinction. I am proud to teners. I am proud to say that in some Cross Country Team recently won the represent you in the U.S. Senate and instances, these efforts have been rec- 1997 NCAA Division II Men’s Cross proud to call you a friend.∑ ognized by the Minnesota Broadcasters Country Championship held on Satur- f day, November 22, 1997 in Kenosha, Association through their ‘‘Media Best Y2K, THE FAA, AND INFRASTRUC- Awards’’ and by the National Associa- Wisconsin. This victory was accom- plished against a talented nation-wide TURE IN THE UNITED STATES tion of Broadcasters (NAB) annual ∑ ‘‘Crystal Radio Awards.’’ field of competition and was the second Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President, to- The ‘‘Crystal Radio Awards’’ have national athletic championship ever day’s New York Times has confirmed been issued by NAB since 1987 to shine won by USD athletes. what many on the forefront of fixing the national spotlight on those radio All the time, effort, and dedication the Year 2000 Computer Problem have stations that have demonstrated a these talented student athletes put already learned. Namely, that the year-round commitment to providing into this winning season reaped great problem is not just a programming responsive, individual service to the rewards for the team and USD. This glitch within software (programs run cities, counties and towns they serve. I honor is a result of a great team effort on the computer), but a larger crisis of am pleased to note that since 1989, along with individual commitment, identifying and renovating hardware Minnesota radio stations have received talent, and perseverance. (the computer itself). this great honor on eleven different oc- I would also like to commend head As the Times story relates: ‘‘The casions. These stations are WJON–AM coach Scott Munsen for providing out- problem was first thought to be a pro- in St. Cloud, KBHP–FM in Bedmidji standing leadership to the USD men’s gramming glitch. But as the F.A.A. is (twice), KSJN–FM in St. Paul, WWTC– cross country team during the last four demonstrating, the line between hard- AM, WCCO–AM, KQRS–FM/AM in Min- years. ware and software is not so clear, be- neapolis (twice), KCUE–AM in Red The State of South Dakota has much cause of computer instructions, called Wing, KWOA–AM in Worthington, and to be proud of. I want to again con- micro-code, that are built in and are WLTE–FM in Minneapolis. gratulate all of our fine young athletes more basic than the programs the com- The Minnesota Broadcasters Associa- and the University of South Dakota on puter runs. In some instances, the an- tion recently recognized public service this great accomplishment.∑ swer may be the wholesale replacement announcements broadcast by KAUS f of computers that might otherwise and KDWB, the ‘‘Flood of ’97’’ commu- have run for years. Early indications nity service program by KDMA/KMGM, TRIBUTE TO PAUL HOLLOWAY ON are that many airlines will also throw and MNN Radio Networks hard news BECOMING PRESIDENT OF THE out numerous computers.’’ coverage during this past years’ floods NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEAL- Like many private sector businesses, which disrupted the lives of hundreds ERS ASSOCIATION the FAA is finding that it may have to of thousands of Minnesotans. And for ∑ Mr. SMITH of New Hampshire. Mr. replace the interrelated computer sys- those fans who have agonized over a President, I rise today to congratulate tems themselves—in this case, systems potential departure of our beloved Paul Holloway, a distinguished indi- that provide for the safety of air flight Twins, WMNN provided an important vidual and good friend, on being se- in America. While some programmers venue for people to voice their opinions lected to become the President of the at the FAA believe the systems can be through the station’s ‘‘Twins Stadium National Automobile Dealers Associa- debugged without replacing them, the Open Forum.’’ tion (NADA). As a friend of Paul’s for company which built the hardware,

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00050 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S239 IBM, has recommended replacing the built in and are more basic than the pro- curry favor with a dictator by compro- machines. grams the computer runs. mising and redefining critical enforce- There is a lesson to be learned here. In some instances, the answer may be the ment procedures. Compromise? What is Consultants confronted with this prob- wholesale replacement of computers that might otherwise have run for years. Early there to compromise? Saddam has bro- lem have told me this all along. The indications are that many airlines will also ken his covenant with the world. We problem is deeper than the programs. throw out numerous computers. know it. The world knows it, and our It deals with the micro-code beneath George L. Donohue, associate adminis- collective governments have been inef- the programs. This micro-code is in ev- trator of the F.A.A. for research and acquisi- fectual in dealing with him. To the erything from our telecommunications tions, said, ‘‘Some of the software people President and the leaders of the other systems to the personal computer on now say that even if you think you’ve fixed nations of the world, I ask three very your desk—essentially the infrastruc- all the micro-code, there’s no way to be sure.’’ basic questions and give you three very ture of the company or agency. But, speaking today at an air traffic con- basic ‘‘heartland of America’’ re- Thus, we peel back another layer of trol conference, Dr. Donohue said that try- sponses. the onion. The FAA is taking multiple ing simultaneously to de-bug the system and First, has Saddam honored his com- approaches to its fix: a combination of replace it was a good ‘‘belt and suspenders mitment to the world in freely and debugging and replacement. On the one approach,’’ because it was impossible to be openly ridding Iraq of weapons of mass sure the F.A.A. could replace the aging com- hand, debugging old systems risks that destruction? No. they won’t be fully tested until after puters in the next 23 months. Second, will he? Not if we don’t have the year 2000. On the other hand, re- Drucella Andersen, a spokeswoman for the agency, said, ‘‘We’re trying to do both be- the courage to force him, with extreme placing them costs millions upon mil- cause it gives us the highest assurance and prejudice to his military, if necessary. lions. When the maker of the ma- insurance.’’ And third, is he more dangerous chines—in this case IBM—recommends Just last week the F.A.A. invited reporters replacement, and a failed effort to to tour a ‘‘war room’’ where a team of soft- today than yesterday because of a debug the machines could mean lives ware engineers is coordinating the de-bug- basic weakness and willingness to com- lost in air accidents across the coun- ging of 297 interrelated computer systems promise something which should be en- that make up the National Airspace System. forced without compromise? And that try, I would prefer we lean heavily on The machines are at the heart of the 20 air the replacement approach. answer is, yes he is more dangerous. traffic control centers that handle high-alti- We have wasted critical time. We With fewer than two years until Jan- tude, long-distance flights, and officials said uary 1, 2000, this lesson must be learned they were confident that their replacement have allowed Saddam the opportunity quickly and throughout the Federal would not be necessary. The software to develop the very things he has sworn Government. A few Chief Information changes are projected to cost $91 million, and not to and the very things we swore we Officers who are ahead of the curve on involve 22 million lines of software. wouldn’t permit. The current situation this issue are similarly discovering The International Business Machines Cor- must not continue. We must and I be- poration, which made the computers, warned they not only have to fix the applica- lieve we can, convince a nervous and the F.A.A. last fall that it no longer had the wary cadre of allied nations to stand tion codes, but they also have to make engineers or software tools to find the bugs, their infrastructure—telecommuni- and recommended replacing the machines. up for what is right and what is de- cation systems, micro-computers, and Dr. Donohue said the computers were manded to preserve the stability of the electrical components—year 2000 com- about 14 years old, which he termed old by world. But if not Mr. President we may pliant. the standards of private industry but young have to go it alone or with but a few In the few months ahead, agencies for the F.A.A. courageous colleagues from the league The agency’s budget does not include the of nations. must be ready and willing to admit the estimated $100 million to replace the com- extent of their problems, and find solu- puters, but officials said they could delay I am sure we will support the Presi- tions that will be balanced between de- other modernization projects.∑ dent’s decision for decisive action, bugging and replacement. At the same f whatever it may be. Therefore, I join time, we in Congress must be ready and CONDEMNING IRAQ’S THREAT TO with the majority and minority leaders willing to assist agencies in what is be- INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SE- of this great body and ask that they ginning to look a lot like a matter of CURITY would consider adding me to the list of damage control. co-sponsors of their concurrent resolu- I ask that today’s Times article, Mr. BOND. Mr. President, the crisis tion number 71 concerning the current ‘‘F.A.A. to Fix and Replace Aging Com- in Iraq has been created because of the crisis in Iraq.∑ puters,’’ be printed in the RECORD. appalling behavior of a man bent on The article follows: defying the legitimate directives he f [From the New York Times, Jan. 29, 1998] agreed to as the defeated leader of a F.A.A. TO FIX AND REPLACE AGING ruthless and rogue army. For months, VIOLENT AND REPEAT JUVENILE COMPUTERS if not years, Saddam Hussein has been OFFENDER ACT OF 1997 (By Matthew L. Wald) developing and hiding the very weap- ∑ WASHINGTON, Jan. 28—The Federal Avia- ons he explicitly vowed to excise from Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I want to tion Administration said today that it would his country’s arsenal. These are weap- speak briefly about juvenile crime leg- hunt down and remove the ‘‘year 2000’’ bugs ons which he has demonstrated the will islation pending before the Senate. The from 40 crucial, aging air traffic control to use and which, in a slightly more so- ‘‘Violent and Repeat Juvenile Offender computers, and then throw out the com- phisticated delivery system, may Act,’’ S.10, was reported by the Judici- puters themselves. threaten the entire world. He has ary Committee last year and may be One team at the F.A.A. has promised to among the bills we consider early in have the bugs fixed within 90 days. The lead- starved his people in order to gain sym- er of a second team announced today that pathy from a compassionate world this session. While the measure was the agency would replace the computers any- community, he has gassed his own citi- improved during the course of the Judi- way, at a cost of about $100 million, because zens to silence their cries for freedom, ciary Committee markup, unfortu- of uncertainty over whether the software he has ruthlessly attacked his neigh- nately, as explained more fully in the changes can ever be tested adequately. But bors, massacring thousands through minority views to the Committee re- since there is also uncertainty over whether chemical warfare, and he has threat- port, there is much work that still all the computers can be replaced within the ened to incinerate an entire people of a needs to be done and much that still next 23 months, the de-bugging will con- needs to be improved. tinue. neighboring sovereign nation. Around the world, the issue, known in data This crisis needs to be ingrained into The bill reported by the Committee processing as ‘‘Y2K,’’ is perplexing compa- our psyche as a case study of how a bel- to the Senate would mandate massive nies because computers that record the date licose and unrepentant government can changes in the juvenile justice systems as a 2-digit number will conclude that the circumvent its obligations to the world in each of our States, and would allow year after 1999 is 1900. community and world peace, and avoid an influx of juvenile cases in Federal The problem was first thought to be a pro- gramming glitch. But as the F.A.A. is dem- the reasonable consequences for those courts around the country. The reper- onstrating, the line between hardware and actions. Even more so, this is an object cussions of this legislation would be se- software is not so clear, because of computer lesson of how our ‘‘allies’’ will respond vere for any State seeking federal juve- instructions, called micro-code, that are to such behavior. They seem willing to nile justice assistance.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S240 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 I look forward to the Senate taking and court personnel know: The federal We should work together in an open up these matters and to a full and open courts are not equipped to handle the and bipartisan manner to consider and debate on exactly what this bill will expected increase in federal juvenile improve this juvenile crime legisla- do. Those aspects that will do more cases if S.10 is not modified. tion.∑ harm than good ought to be rejected. We should preserve the core protec- f Those aspects that can be improved, tions for juveniles in custody. Regret- SALUTE TO RON WILSON AND THE should be. Those aspects that fail to re- tably, S.10 would gut the core protec- 1998 UNITED STATES OLYMPIC spect the role and judgment of the tions that have been in place for over HOCKEY TEAM States, their legislatures and their peo- 20 years to protect children who come ple ought be changed. This can only be in contact with the criminal justice Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, the 1998 done if the Senate is willing to do the system and to keep abused, neglected United States Olympic Team will soon work still unfinished and do so in our and mistreated children out of deten- depart for Nagano, Japan for the 18th greatest tradition of full, fair and open tion altogether. Every Vermonter who Winter Olympic Games. I know I join debate. has contacted me about this issue has my colleagues in saluting the Amer- Washington Does Not Know Best. I said the same thing: dismantling these ican men and women who have worked am very concerned about the stringent core protections is an ill-conceived so hard to compete at this highest level mandates with which States must com- move. of international competition. Back-sliding on the protections ply before they qualify for the $500 mil- I rise today to salute a son of Rhode against putting children in adult jails lion per year in new funding under S.10. Island, Ron Wilson, who will serve as flies in the face of research showing head coach of the American Men’s This new block grant program sounds that children who spend time around great until you look closely. The ex- Hockey team. Hockey is not a sport in bad influences, like adult criminals, Rhode Island, it is a passion. That pas- tensive new requirements created by have a higher recidivism rate. The co- this program make this money inacces- sion enabled Ron Wilson to achieve All- chair of Vermont’s Children and Fam- Star status at East Providence High sible to the States. In fact, no State ily Council for Prevention Programs currently qualifies for the new grant School, and two-time All-American has explained: ‘‘If even intermittent honors at Providence College, where, as money. Consequently, while this bill is contact is allowed, youth will certainly touted as helping the nation’s juvenile a senior, he led the nation in scoring. learn more and better ways to act out His college coach, coincidentally, is justice systems, States that accept the inappropriately and aggressively.’’ also a Rhode Islander. Then-coach Lou help will have to surrender their State We should focus on prevention. Right legislative judgment and change their now, S.10 lacks balance. The bill is Lamoriello is now president of the New laws to comport with Washington man- chock full of punitive measures to Jersey Devils and will also serve as dates. prosecute and lock-up children, but general manager of the U.S. Olympic For example, to qualify for this new skimps on efforts to stop children from Men’s Hockey team. source of funds, States would have to getting into trouble in the first place. Ron Wilson went on to a successful change their laws to ensure, for exam- Focusing on the back end of the juve- professional playing career in the Na- ple, that they make accessible to the nile justice system—after children get tional Hockey League and Europe. FBI all juvenile disposition or adju- into trouble—is short-sighted. Any po- Today, he is the very successful coach dication records, whether the juvenile lice chief or cop-on-the-beat will tell of the local entry in the National was brought in for shoplifting, graffiti you that. We should also focus efforts Hockey League, the Washington Cap- or more serious felonies. In addition, on preventing kids from getting into itals. He is well equipped to lead our the States must make sure they make trouble and intervening at the first team next month in Japan, having suc- those records available, not only to ele- warning signs before they enter into cessfully coached the U.S. Team in the mentary or high schools in which the criminal activity. 1996 World Cup to a major upset of Can- juvenile is enrolled, but also to any I have heard from numerous law en- ada to win that prestigious competi- college to which the juvenile may later forcement officials who support a clear tion. The victory was the biggest win apply. Many of our home States will earmark for juvenile delinquency pre- for the United States since the 1980 find these requirements too intrusive vention programs. They know that pre- Winter Olympics. and costly to make it worth their while vention programs are key to reducing Hockey is, as I said, a passion in to change their laws. our Nation’s juvenile crime rates. This Rhode Island. Indeed, Coach Wilson We Should Avoid the ‘‘Federaliza- bill earmarks new federal grant money will look down his bench and see three tion’’ of Juvenile Crime. By imposing for a number of enforcement uses, in- other Rhode Islanders on his team - on the States a one-size-fits-all ap- cluding increasing sanctions, improv- Bryan Berard, Keith Carney, and Mat- proach to juvenile crime, this bill turns ing juvenile record keeping, mandating thew Schneider. And the U.S. Women’s federalism on its head. As reported, drug testing, and juvenile prison con- Hockey team will include a majority of S.10 would repeal the presumption in struction. No earmark is made for pre- players who played their high school or current Federal law that the State has vention. This is a mistake and will college hockey in Rhode Island. primary responsibility for dealing with turn out to be a costly one unless we The Nagano Games will soon begin, juvenile offenders. Changing that pre- can modify the bill to bring it into bal- and I extend the heartiest best wishes sumption to get the federal govern- ance. If we are going to have earmarks, for success to Coach Wilson, his fellow ment and the federal courts involved is we must dedicate money for preven- Rhode Islanders, and all Americans neither necessary nor wise. tion. Prevention programs enhance the wearing our uniform.∑ Chief Justice Rehnquist and the Ad- skills and competency of troubled juve- f niles. Such programs help teenagers ministrative Office of the U.S. Courts STEVEN N. ADUBATO stay in school and stay out of trouble. have expressed serious concerns about ∑ the efforts in S.10 to shift juveniles to Without an earmark, in the competi- Mr. TORRICELLI. Mr. President, I the federal court system. As the Chief tion for dollars, prevention programs rise today to extend my best wishes to Justice noted in his 1997 Year-End Re- will surely lose out. Stephen N. Adubato on his 65th birth- port: I urge my colleagues to talk to the day. Steve’s belief in his community police and prosecutors in their home and dedication to improving the edu- The Judicial Conference of the United cation standards in New Jersey are just States has raised concerns about legislation states. I am confident you will hear, as pending in Congress to ‘federalize’ certain I have, that well-crafted crime preven- two examples of his lifelong commit- juvenile crimes, maintaining its long- tion and youth development programs ment to public service. On his birth- standing position that federal prosecutions do make a difference. I am also sure day, I would like to convey my should be limited to those offenses that can- that you will hear how critical it is to thoughts to a good friend and valued not or should not be prosecuted in state keep juveniles separate from adult in- colleague. courts. mates and to allow teenagers who have As the founder and Executive Direc- The Chief Justice clearly recognizes committed a minor offense a real tor of the North Ward Center, Inc., he what so many other law enforcement chance to improve their lives. has created a central location for more

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00052 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY January 29, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S241 than fifteen social service, community ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND mation of the Senate, the report of the education and economic development CONFLICT RESOLUTION ACT OF Department of State with respect to programs for the Newark community. 1997 the Treaty, accompanied by a detailed With the recent opening of the Newark Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, I ask analysis of the Treaty and Regulations, Business Training Institute, Steve has unanimous consent that the Senate prepared by the Department of State continued his commitment to the com- proceed to the immediate consider- and the Patent and Trademark Office munity by assisting men and women in ation of H.R. 3042 Calendar No. 302. of the Department of Commerce. the transition from welfare to work. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Ratification of the Treaty is in the Steve has made innumerable con- clerk will report. best interests of the United States. The tributions to the education of New Jer- The legislative clerk read as follows: Treaty eliminates many of the burden- some formal requirements that now sey students. As a teacher and coun- A bill (H.R. 3042) to amend the Morris K. selor in Newark, his leadership in edu- Udall Scholarship and Excellence in Na- exist in the trademark application and cation reform and superior teaching tional Environmental and Native American registration maintenance processes of skills insured that children received Public Policy Act of 1992 to establish the many countries. Those requirements the kind of education they deserved. United States Institute for Environmental cause considerable expense and delay Steve’s commitment to education is a Conflict Resolution to conduct environ- for trademark owners. The Treaty is mental conflict resolution and training, and aimed at standardizing and simplifying true testament to his compassion and for other purposes. desire to help students in the State of the application process so that the ap- New Jersey. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there plication will be accepted and proc- objection to the immediate consider- essed by the trademark offices of all As we search for ways to revitalize ation of the bill? parties to the Treaty. the once flourishing city of Newark, I There being no objection, the Senate I recommend, therefore, that the have been impressed by Steve’s ideas proceeded to consider the bill. Senate give early and favorable consid- and goals for the area. The economic Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, I ask eration to the Trademark Law Treaty and social progress we have seen in unanimous consent that the bill be with Regulations and give its advice Newark’s North Ward is a direct result considered, read the third time, passed, and consent to ratification. of Steve’s efforts. He has single- and the motion to reconsider be laid WILLIAM J. CLINTON. handedly improved this area of the city upon the table, and that any state- THE WHITE HOUSE, January 29, 1998. so that it now serves as a model for ments relating to the bill be placed at f urban development. This is a great deal the appropriate place in the RECORD. to have accomplished in 65 short years, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ORDERS FOR MONDAY, FEBRUARY but Steve is clearly no stranger to hard objection, it is so ordered. 2, 1998 work. The bill (H.R. 3042) was deemed read Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, I ask Steve Adubato’s dedication to the the third time and passed. unanimous consent that when the Sen- Newark community and the State of f ate completes its business today, it New Jersey make it an honor for me to stand in adjournment until 12 noon on be able to recognize him as he cele- APPOINTMENTS BY MAJORITY Monday, February 2, 1998, and, imme- brates his birthday. I wish him the best LEADER diately following the prayer, the rou- on this special day, and I hope he will Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, I ask tine requests through the morning ∑ enjoy 65 more years of happiness. unanimous consent that the majority hour be granted and the Senate then leader be authorized to appoint two proceed to 1 hour of morning business f Senators to the National Council on not to extend beyond the hour of 1 p.m, the Arts as amended by Public Law with Senators permitted to speak up to 70TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE 105–83. 5 minutes each. INVENTION OF SCOTCH TAPE The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. objection, it is so ordered. ∑ Mr. GRAMS. Mr. President, recog- nizing that January 31 marks the 30th f f anniversary of the invention of Scotch REMOVAL OF INJUNCTION OF SE- PROGRAM tape, I wanted to take a moment to CRECY—TREATY DOCUMENT NO. Mr. NICKLES. It is my hope that at honor its developer, Richard Drew, and 105–35 all the employees of 3M who have fol- 1 p.m. on Monday, the minority Mem- lowed in Mr. Drew’s pioneering foot- Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, as in bers of the Senate will be prepared to steps. executive session, I ask unanimous enter into an agreement with respect consent the injunction of secrecy be re- to the renaming of the National Air- Over the years, Minnesota-based 3M moved from the following treaty trans- port after our former President, Ronald has been a leader in many different mitted to the Senate on January 29, Reagan. I also hope that we will be in ventures. I have always appreciated the 1998, by the President of the United a position to consider the Iraq resolu- opportunity to work with 3M’s employ- States: Trademark Law Treaty, Docu- tion and possibly debate nominations ees on various regulatory, tax, and ment No. 105–35. from the Executive Calendar. However, trade initiatives. Being able to think I further ask that the treaty be con- Members should be reminded that no outside the proverbial ‘‘box’’ has to- sidered as having been read the first votes will occur during Monday’s ses- gether enabled us to demonstrate to time, that it be referred with accom- sion of the Senate. government that given the flexibility, panying papers to the Committee on The Senate will not be in session on Minnesota companies can succeed as Foreign Relations and be ordered to be Friday of this week. However, votes leaders. printed, and the President’s messages could be stacked to occur as early at 10 Just as Mr. Drew accomplished with be printed in the RECORD. a.m. on Tuesday, February 3, if agree- his invention of Scotch tape, the em- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ments can be reached on Monday. ployees of 3M continue to push the en- objection, it is so ordered. Members should be prepared for votes velope, tackling real problems and de- The message of the President is as throughout the next 2 weeks in an ef- veloping common-sense solutions. And follows: fort to complete several items prior to as with Scotch tape, society wonders To the Senate of the United States: the Presidents’ Day recess. how we ever got along without them. I transmit herewith for advice and f So on January 31, we will be recog- consent to ratification, the Trademark nizing the achievements of Richard Law Treaty done at Geneva October 27, ADJOURNMENT UNTIL MONDAY, Drew’s achievements, but we also 1994, with Regulations. The Treaty was FEBRUARY 2, 1998 honor the spirit of ingenuity he signed by the United States on October Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, if there sparked for all of 3M’s employees.∑ 28, 1994. I also transmit for the infor- is no further business to come before

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S242 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998 the Senate, I now ask unanimous con- CALIFORNIA FOR THE TERM OF FOUR YEARS VICE To be major general CHARLES JOSEPH STEVENS, RESIGNED. sent the Senate stand in adjournment BRIG. GEN. LARRY K. ARNOLD, 0000 under the previous order. NATIONAL COMMISSION ON LIBRARIES AND BRIG. GEN. JAMES. H. BASSHAM, 0000 INFORMATION SCIENCE BRIG. GEN. GEORGE F. SCOGGINS, JR., 0000 There being no objection, the Senate, REBECCA T. BINGHAM, OF KENTUCKY, TO BE A MEMBER at 6:20 p.m., adjourned until Monday, OF THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON LIBRARIES AND IN- To be brigadier general February 2, 1998, at 12 noon. FORMATION SCIENCES FOR A TERM EXPIRING JULY 19, COL. JAMES F. BARNETTE, 0000 2001, VICE CAROL K. DIPRETE, TERM EXPIRED. COL. RALPH J. CLIFFT, 0000 f COL. HAROLD A. CROSS, 0000 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION COL. THOMAS G. CUTLER, 0000 NOMINATIONS SCOTT SNYDER FLEMING, OF VIRGINIA, TO BE ASSIST- COL. GILBERT R. DARDIS, 0000 ANT SECRETARY FOR LEGISLATION AND CONGRES- COL. THOMAS P. MAGUIRE, JR., 0000 Executive nominations received by SIONAL AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, VICE COL. BARBARA J. NELSON, 0000 the Senate January 29, 1998: KAY CASSTEVENS. COL. AVRUM M. RABIN, 0000 COL. GARY L. SAYLER, 0000 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON LIBRARIES AND COL. ANDREW J. THOMPSON IV, 0000 INFORMATION SCIENCE COL. HARRY A. TROSCLAIR, 0000 DAVID R. OLIVER, OF INDIANA, TO BE DEPUTY UNDER COL. STEPHEN L. VONDERHEIDE, 0000 SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR ACQUISITION AND TECH- MARTHA B. GOULD, OF NEVADA, TO BE A MEMBER OF NOLOGY, VICE R. NOEL LONGUEMARE, JR. THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON LIBRARIES AND INFOR- IN THE NAVY DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN MATION SCIENCE FOR A TERM EXPIRING JULY 19, 2002. (REAPPOINTMENT) THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY TO THE GRADE INDICATED EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION KEVIN EMANUEL MARCHMAN, OF COLORADO, TO BE AN UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF HOUSING AND URBAN DE- PAUL M. IGASAKI, OF CALIFORNIA, TO BE A MEMBER VELOPMENT, VICE JOSEPH SHULDINER, TO WHICH POSI- OF THE EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMIS- To be rear admiral TION HE WAS APPOINTED DURING THE LAST RECESS OF SION FOR A TERM EXPIRING JULY 1, 2002 (REAPPOINT- THE SENATE. MENT), TO WHICH POSITION HE WAS APPOINTED DURING REAR ADM. (LH) JAY A. CAMPBELL, 0000 THE LAST RECESS OF THE SENATE. REAR ADM. (LH) ROBERT C. CHAPLIN, 0000 FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION REAR ADM. (LH) JAMES C. DAWSON, JR., 0000 RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD REAR ADM. (LH) MALCOLM I. FAGES, 0000 ORSON SWINDLE, OF HAWAII, TO BE A FEDERAL TRADE REAR ADM. (LH) SCOTT A. FRY, 0000 COMMISSIONER FOR THE TERM OF SEVEN YEARS FROM CHERRYL T. THOMAS, OF ILLINOIS, TO BE A MEMBER REAR ADM. (LH) GREGORY G. JOHNSON, 0000 SEPTEMBER 26, 1997, VICE ROSCOE BURTON STAREK, III, OF THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD FOR A TERM EX- REAR ADM. (LH) ALBERT H. KONETZNI, JR., 0000 TERM EXPIRED, TO WHICH POSITION HE WAS APPOINTED PIRING AUGUST 28, 2002, VICE GLEN L. BOWER, TERM EX- REAR ADM. (LH) JOSEPH J. KROL, JR., 0000 DURING THE LAST RECESS OF THE SENATE. PIRED. REAR ADM. (LH) RICHARD W. MAYO, 0000 MOZELLE WILLMONT THOMPSON, OF NEW YORK, TO BE REAR ADM. (LH) MICHAEL G. MULLEN, 0000 A FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSIONER FOR THE TERM OF IN THE COAST GUARD REAR ADM. (LH) LARRY D. NEWSOME, 0000 SEVEN YEARS FROM SEPTEMBER 26, 1996, VICE CHRIS- REAR ADM. (LH) WILLIAM W. PICKAVANCE, JR., 0000 TINE A. VARNEY, RESIGNED, TO WHICH POSITION HE WAS THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT REAR ADM. (LH) WILLIAM L. PUTNAM, 0000 APPOINTED DURING THE LAST RECESS OF THE SENATE. IN THE UNITED STATES COAST GUARD RESERVE TO THE GRADE INDICATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION REAR ADM. (LH) PAUL S. SEMKO, 0000 UNITED STATES ENRICHMENT CORPORATION 12203(A): REAR ADM. (LH) ROBERT G. SPRIGG, 0000 REAR ADM. (LH) DONALD A. WEISS, 0000 MARGARET HORNBECK GREENE, OF KENTUCKY, TO BE To be captain REAR ADM. (LH) RICHARD D. WEST, 0000 A MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE REAR ADM. (LH) HARRY W. WHITON, 0000 STEPHEN W. ROCHON, 0000 UNITED STATES ENRICHMENT CORPORATION FOR A REAR ADM. (LH) THOMAS R. WILSON, 0000 LOUIS M. FARRELL, 0000 TERM EXPIRING FEBRUARY 24, 2003. (REAPPOINTMENT.) REAR ADM. (LH) GEORGE R. YOUNT, 0000 EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUAL FOR PERMANENT AP- POINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED IN THE AIR FORCE RICHARD W. FISHER, OF TEXAS, TO BE DEPUTY UNITED STATES COAST GUARD UNDER TITLE 14, U.S.C, SECTION STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE, WITH THE RANK OF 211: THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT AMBASSADOR, VICE CHARLENE BARSHEFSKY, TO WHICH TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR POSITION HE WAS APPOINTED DURING THE LAST RE- To be lieutenant FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 624 AND 628: CESS OF THE SENATE. ROBERT L. CLARKE, JR., 0000 UNITED STATES ADVISORY COMMISSION ON THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUAL FOR PERMANENT AP- To be major POINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED PUBLIC DIPLOMACY JOHN G. BITWINSKI, 0000 STATES COAST GUARD UNDER TITLE 14, U.S.C., SECTION SHERRIE L. CASKEY, 0000 CHARLES H. DOLAN, JR., OF VIRGINIA, TO BE A MEM- 211: GARY A. HOWELL, 0000 BER OF THE UNITED STATES ADVISORY COMMISSION ON PUBLIC DIPLOMACY FOR A TERM EXPIRING JULY 1, 2000. To be lieutenant THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICERS FOR A REGULAR (REAPPOINTMENT.) APPOINTMENT IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED KERSTIN B. RHINEHART, 0000 STATES AIR FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, SECTION 2114: INTERNATIONAL BANKS THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUAL FOR PERMANENT AP- POINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STUART E. EIZENSTAT, OF MARYLAND, TO BE UNITED To be captain STATES COAST GUARD UNDER TITLE 14, U.S.C., SECTION STATES ALTERNATE GOVERNOR OF THE INTER- 211: KURT W. ANDREASON, 0000 NATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOP- RENEE V. BARNHIZER, 0000 MENT FOR A TERM OF FIVE YEARS; UNITED STATES AL- To be lieutenant CHESTER P. BARTON III, 0000 TERNATE GOVERNOR OF THE INTER-AMERICAN DEVEL- JAMES E. BERMUDEZ, 0000 OPMENT BANK FOR A TERM OF FIVE YEARS; UNITED MAURY M. MC FADDEN, 0000 STATES ALTERNATE GOVERNOR OF THE AFRICAN DE- RACHEL A. CALL, 0000 VELOPMENT BANK FOR A TERM OF FIVE YEARS; UNITED NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC KYLE L. CARTER, 0000 STATES ALTERNATE GOVERNOR OF THE AFRICAN DE- ADMINISTRATION MICHAEL T. CHARLTON, 0000 VELOPMENT FUND; UNITED STATES ALTERNATE GOV- MARK B. CLINGER, 0000 ERNOR OF THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK; UNITED SUBJECT TO QUALIFICATIONS PROVIDED BY LAW, THE MELISSA M. CORRADO TYREE, 0000 STATES ALTERNATE GOVERNOR OF THE EUROPEAN FOLLOWING FOR PERMANENT APPOINTMENT TO THE DANA K. CRESSLER, 0000 BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT, VICE GRADES INDICATED IN THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND AT- SCOTT M. CUMMIS, 0000 JOAN E. SPERO, RESIGNED. MOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION. HEATHER I. DAVIS, 0000 LAKEISHA R. DAVIS, 0000 DEPARTMENT OF STATE To be lieutenants (junior grade) MICHAEL R. DAVIS, 0000 BRIAN L. DELMONACO, 0000 NANCY E. SODERBERG, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUM- JAMES A. ILLG Thomas E. Martin DANIEL S. DIETRICH, 0000 BIA, TO BE AN ALTERNATE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE JEFFREY C. HAGAN Lawrence P. Chicchelly, Jr. KENNETH S. EGERSTROM, 0000 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO THE SESSIONS OF THE JOHN K. LONGENECKER Jonathan A. Mann SUSAN C. FARRISH, 0000 GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE UNITED NATIONS DURING RICHARD T. BRENNAN Shepard M. Smith GARY J. FRENCH, 0000 HER TENURE OF SERVICE AS ALTERNATE REPRESENTA- MICHELE M. RILEY Todd A. Bridgeman WILLIAM HALLIER, 0000 TIVE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FOR SPECIAL GEORGE J. KONOVAL Nathan L. Hill KATHY J. JOERS, 0000 POLITICAL AFFAIRS IN THE UNITED NATIONS, TO WHICH JACK L. RILEY Robert A. Kamphaus HELEN N. JOHNSONWALL, 0000 POSITION SHE WAS APPOINTED DURING THE LAST RE- DAVID M. BERNHART Eric W. Ort CESS OF THE SENATE. MICHAEL L. HOPKINS Edward J. Van Der Ameele JOCELYN A. KILGORE, 0000 NANCY E. SODERBERG, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUM- ERIC W. BERKOWITZ Mark A. Wetzler JEFFERY D. KUETER, 0000 BIA, TO BE ALTERNATE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE JON D. SWALLOW Stacy M. Maenner MAXIMILIAN S. LEE, 0000 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FOR SPECIAL POLITICAL WILLIAM T. COBB III Adam D. Dunbar JONATHAN D. LOPEZ, 0000 AFFAIRS IN THE UNITED NATIONS, WITH THE RANK OF JOSEPH A. PICA Debora A. Barr PATRICK D. LOWRY, 0000 AMBASSADOR, TO WHICH POSITION SHE WAS APPOINTED KEITH W. ROBERTS Eric J. Sipos KIMBERLY S. LYONS, 0000 DURING THE LAST RECESS OF THE SENATE. MICHAEL P. SORACCO Peter C. Fischel KYLE J. MICHAELIS, 0000 HARRY S. KINDLE III William R. Odell WILLIAM P. MUELLER, 0000 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Alexandra R. Von James M. Crocker DAVID W. MUNITZ, 0000 Saunder Jeremy M. Adams YVONNE M. NEWBURG, 0000 BILL LANN LEE, OF CALIFORNIA, TO BE AN ASSISTANT Jonathan G. Wendland Christopher E. Parrish SAMIA A. OCHIA, 0000 ATTORNEY GENERAL, VICE DEVAL L. PATRICK, RE- Philip G. Hall Joel T. Michalski ROCKEY R. RESTON, 0000 SIGNED. Lawrence T. Krepp Dawn M. Welcher JOSEPH R. RICHARDS, 0000 THE JUDICIARY Brian W. Parker Raymond A. Santos ROBERT M. SHIDELER, 0000 John T. Caskey Kurt A. Zegowitz PETER T. SIPOS, 0000 CHRISTINE O. C. MILLER, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUM- Todd A. Haupt Mark A. Sramek JOHN J. STEELE III, 0000 Jason C. Masters Russell C. Jones BIA, TO BE A JUDGE OF THE UNITED STATES COURT OF THOMAS G. STRUBLE, 0000 Cecile R. Daniels JENNIFER D. GARTE FEDERAL CLAIMS FOR A TERM OF FIFTEEN YEARS (RE- DAI A. TRAN, 0000 APPOINTMENT), TO WHICH POSITION SHE WAS AP- IN THE AIR FORCE KREANGKAI TYREE, 0000 POINTED DURING THE LAST RECESS OF THE SENATE. CHRISTOPHER W. WALKER, 0000 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE THE FOLLOWING AIR NATIONAL GUARD OF THE UNITED STEVEN R. WARD, 0000 STATES OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE RESERVE JOHN C. WESKE, 0000 PAUL L. SEAVE, OF CALIFORNIA, TO BE UNITED OF THE AIR FORCE, TO THE GRADE INDICATED UNDER RANDY W. WOBSER, 0000 STATES ATTORNEY FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: RAWSON L. WOOD, 0000

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IN THE ARMY RICHARD H. GRICE, 0000 WILLIAM J. COOK, 0000 STEPHEN J. HEETLAND, 0000 THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT GREG W. HILL, 0000 TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES MA- TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY *JAMES J. JAGIELSKI, 0000 RINE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 624 AND 628: HERBERT J. MC CHRYSTAL, 0000 LEO J. OKEEFFE, 0000 To be lieutenant colonel To be lieutenant colonel JIM M. PHELPS, 0000 JAMES W. ROBINSON, 0000 CHARLES G. HUGHES II, 0000 JAMES P. NEELY, 0000 SIR W. SCOTT, JR., 0000 WILLIAM S. WATKINS, 0000 JOHN C. WARNKE, 0000 FRANCISCO D. SOMERA, JR., 0000 THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT THE FOLLOWING NAMED ARMY NATIONAL GUARD OF KERRY M. STEEDLEY, 0000 TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES MA- THE UNITED STATES OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO GUSTAF H. STEINHILBER, 0000 RINE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY RONALD STRONG, 0000 UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 12203 AND 12211: PAUL L. VICALVI, 0000 To be major To be colonel THE FOLLOWING-NAMED ARMY NATIONAL GUARD OF KENT J. KEITH, 0000 THE UNITED STATES OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO ROLAND G. ALGER, 0000 THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY IN THE NAVY JUDITH M. ALLEN, 0000 UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 12203 AND 12211: THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT JOHN P. AUBIN, 0000 To be colonel TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY JIMMY L. BLAND, 0000 UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: JEFFREY L. BOND, 0000 STEVEN G. BOLTON, 0000 CARL W. BRAMLITT, 0000 EVERETT J. BONNER, 0000 To be captain JAMES B. CARY, 0000 DAVID C. HARRIS, 0000 ALBERT W. SCHMIDT, 0000 THOMAS P. CICCARIELLA, 0000 JORDAN M. HUGHES, 0000 ARTHUR W. CLEAVES, 0000 VIRGINIA L. LESSERT, 0000 THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT PAUL D. COSTILOW, 0000 WILLIAM C. MARTIN, 0000 TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES IRVINE K. DAMRON, 0000 RICHARD G. MAXON, 0000 NAVAL RESERVE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: BRUCE E. DAVIS, 0000 JAMES C. NANNOS, 0000 To be captain JOHN M. DAVIS, 0000 JOHN R. PENEBACKER, 0000 RICHARD J. DECKER, 0000 KENNETH J. PROSSICK, 0000 JEFFERY W. LEVI, 0000 ROBERT E. DELOACHE, JR., 0000 RENALDO RIVERA, 0000 THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICERS, FOR TEMPORARY PETER J. DUFFY, 0000 MARK E. STORER, 0000 APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE JAY D. FOX, 0000 THOMAS A. VANVEEN, 0000 UNITED STATES NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION THOMAS T. GALKOWSKI, 0000 HAROLD M. WEAVER, 0000 5721: RONALD M. GAY, 0000 ROGER D. WILLIAMS, 0000 JAY P. GORDON, 0000 KATHY J. WRIGHT, 0000 To be lieutenant commander JOHN S. HATCHER, 0000 TIMOTHY J. WRIGHT, 0000 DAVID AVENCIO, 0000 BARON G. HIGNITE, 0000 THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT MICHAEL BADORF, 0000 JOHN C. HOLLAND, 0000 TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY BENITO BAYLOSIS, 0000 WILLIAM R. HOLT, 0000 UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 624 AND 628: RICHARD A. HUTCHISON, 0000 TODD A. BELTZ, 0000 LANELLE JACKSON, 0000 To be lieutenant colonel DANIEL BRUNK, 0000 JOHN E. JENNER, JR., 0000 JOHN A. CARTER, 0000 BRUCE F. BROWN, 0000 JACK F. JONES II, 0000 EDWARD B. CASHMAN, 0000 GARY N. LINDBERG, 0000 THE FOLLOWING-NAMED ARMY NATIONAL GUARD OF REEVES DAVES, 0000 EMERY A. MADDOCKS, 0000 THE UNITED STATES OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO LEONARD DOLLAGA, 0000 DANIEL T. MANEY, 0000 THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY JOHN EICHELBERGER, 0000 JAMES R. MASON, 0000 UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 12203 AND 12211: ALAN GIBSON, 0000 SANDRA J. MILLARD, 0000 To be colonel JOSEPH D. GOMBAS, 0000 ROBERT E. MORAN, 0000 WILLIAM GOSSETT, 0000 CHARLES W. NAJACHT, 0000 DONALD E. BALLARD, 0000 DAVID GRAEFEN, 0000 RICHARD C. NASH, 0000 BRUCE S. BOLLINGER, 0000 DALE GREEN, 0000 WENDELL P. NIERMAN, 0000 DAVID M. BROCKMAN, 0000 ROBERT A. HICKEY, 0000 WILLIAM J. STRANGE, 0000 TIMOTHY J. COEN, 0000 JOHN JENSON, 0000 LLOYD L. SUTTON, 0000 TERRY R. COUNCIL, 0000 ERIC A. KELSEY, 0000 JACKIE S. SWOPE, 0000 MYLES L. DEERING, 0000 PAUL LYONS, 0000 MICHAEL L. TODOROVICH, 0000 WILLIAM H. DOUGLAS, III, 0000 DOUGLAS MARSHALL, 0000 WELLINGTON C. TOPPAN, JR., 0000 MICHAEL P. FLEMING, 0000 JAMES R. MIDKIFF, 0000 PATRICIA A. TURNER, 0000 JAMES L. GREENFIELD, 0000 MICHAEL MILLER, 0000 KEN J. VAHLE, 0000 THOMAS D. HADDAN, 0000 DALE MINICH, 0000 JOHNNIE L. YOUNG, 0000 HAL F. HARRINGTON, 0000 RICHARD M. ODOM, 0000 SEAN O’MALLEY, 0000 THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT NEALE C. HIGHTOWER, 0000 SAMUEL OVERMEYER, 0000 TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY ROGER A. LALICH, 0000 PETER PASQUALE, 0000 IN THE JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL’S CORPS UNDER WILLIAM L. LAXTON, 0000 BLANE PENNYBACKER, 0000 TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 624 AND 3064: GREGG H. MALICKI, 0000 MICHAEL T. MC CABE, 0000 ERIC PICKEL, 0000 To be lieutenant colonel STEVEN M. MILLER, 0000 JOHN F. RINKO, 0000 HERSHELL W. O’DONNELL, 0000 DAVID SLIGER, 0000 STEPHEN E. CASTLEN, 0000 BENNIE C. OULDS, 0000 WESLEY SMITH, 0000 MICHAEL J. DAVIDSON, 0000 JANICE E. PAIGE, 0000 GEORGE L. SNIDER, 0000 RAFE R. FOSTER, 0000 STANLEY R. PUTNAM, 0000 EHRICH STEINMETZ, 0000 AMY M. FRISK, 0000 STEVEN M. SCORZATO, 0000 KEVIN SUTTON, 0000 WILLIAM R. GADE, 0000 TOM L. SHIRLEY, 0000 PARKER W. SWAN, 0000 CHRISTOPHER M. GARCIA, 0000 DANIEL S. SPRING, 0000 MICHAEL VARNEY, 0000 SUSAN S. GIBSON, 0000 MATTHEW J. WHITTINGTON, 0000 DANIEL WAY, 0000 SARAH S. GREEN, 0000 CHARLES S. WOODS, 0000 IN THE ARMY ROBIN L. HALL, 0000 MERREL W. YOCUM, 0000 HERBERT L. HARRY, 0000 THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT CHARLES B. HERNICZ, 0000 TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY KEVAN F. JACOBSON, 0000 TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY UNDER TITLE 10 U.S.C., SECTIONS 624 AND 628: AND FOR REGULAR APPOINTMENT IN THE MEDICAL SCOTT L. KILGORE, 0000 CORPS OR DENTAL CORPS (IDENTIFIED BY AN ASTERISK JON L. LIGHTNER, 0000 To be lieutenant colonel (*)) UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C. SECTIONS 624, 531 AND 3064: JACQUELINE R. LITTLE, 0000 DOUGLAS K. MICKLE, 0000 MORRIS C. MC KEE, JR., 0000 To be colonel JOHN P. MORAN, 0000 THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT SUE H. ABREU, 0000 STEPHEN M. PARKE, 0000 TO THE GRADES INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES *CAROL F. ADAIR, 0000 ALLISON A. POLCHEK, 0000 ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 624 AND 628: DANIEL K. POLING, 0000 *BRENDA J. ALCOVERBALLARD, 0000 MARK A. RIVEST, 0000 To be colonel *ALICIA Y. ARMSTRONG, 0000 NAOMI E. ARONSON, 0000 MARITZA S. RYAN, 0000 EDWARD S. CROSBIE, 0000 KATHRYN R. SOMMERKAMP, 0000 STEPHEN J. AWE, 0000 BRADLEY P. STAI, 0000 To be lieutenant colonel PATRICK J. BASQUILL, 0000 SAMUEL T. STEVENSON, 0000 DANIEL F. BATTAFARANO, 0000 BEDARD M. TALBOT, 0000 MARTHA A. SANDERS, 0000 WAYNE B. BATZER, 0000 KELLY D. WHEATON, 0000 THE FOLLOWING-NAMED ARMY NATIONAL GUARD OF CORAZON Y. BLACKWELL, 0000 LAWRENCE J. WILDE, 0000 THE UNITED STATES OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO BRUCE A. BORETSKY, 0000 JOHN I. WINN, 0000 THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY TIMOTHY M. CAMPBELL, 0000 UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 12203 AND 12211: JOSEPH CARAVALHO, JR., 0000 THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT EDWARD R. CARTER, 0000 TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY To be colonel ESTHER L. CHILDERS, 0000 AND FOR REGULAR APPOINTMENT AS CHAPLAIN (IDEN- CLIFFORD C. CLOONAN, 0000 GARY A. DOLL, 0000 TIFIED BY AN ASTERISK(*)) UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SEC- RHONDA L. CORNUM, 0000 DAVID P. HAGARMAN, 0000 TIONS 624, 531, AND 3064: LAWRENCE M. CORRENTI, 0000 GARY W. LATZ, 0000 FERNANDO L. COSTASNIEVES, 0000 To be colonel THOMAS C. MARCELLO, 0000 MICHAEL F. CUENIN, 0000 RICHARD W. NICHOLS, 0000 JOHN P. BARBEE, 0000 ERIC L. DOANE, 0000 JAMES L. PATTERSON, 0000 JOSEPH S. BATLUCK, SR., 0000 DAVID D. ELLIS, 0000 DAVID W. RAES, 0000 JAMES B. BISHOP, 0000 JEFFREY A. ELTING, 0000 THOMAS D. SEARGEANT, 0000 JAMES K. BLUETT, 0000 PAUL J. ENGIBOUS, 0000 WILLIAM P. WHITNEY, 0000 LLOYD A. BROWN, 0000 DONALD E. FANNING, 0000 GORDON E. WISE, 0000 JAMES A. BUCKNER, 0000 WARNER D. FARR, 0000 JAMES M. COINDREAU, 0000 THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT JAMES G. FISHER, 0000 JAMES P. CREWS, 0000 TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES MA- *THOMAS M. FITZPATRICK, 0000 JAMES W. DANIELS, JR., 0000 RINE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: *EDWARD FLETCHER, 0000 TERRY A. DEMPSEY, 0000 To be major PAUL F. FORTE, 0000 STEVEN B. DOAN, 0000 JEFFREY D. FOWLER, 0000 GENE S. FOWLER, JR., 0000 HUGH J. BETTENDORF, 0000 KENNETH J. FRANKLIN, 0000

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:42 Oct 31, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 9801 E:\1998SENATE\S29JA8.REC S29JA8 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S244 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 29, 1998

JONATHAN C. FRUENDT, 0000 JAMES S. CROWELL, 0000 MICHAEL BARNES, 0000 GEORGE F. FULLER, 0000 DEBORAH DACUMOS, 0000 WILLIAM W. BARNES, 0000 DONALD L. GEBHART, 0000 KATHY M. DEVLIN, 0000 THOMAS L. BENE, JR., 0000 JAMES A. GEILING, 0000 ROBERT S. DRISCOLL, 0000 THERESA Z. BLUMBERG, 0000 *DAVID GILLINGHAM, 0000 RONALD P. EASMANN, 0000 EDWARD W. BOYKIN, 0000 JEFFREY R. GINTHER, 0000 BRYAN C. EDGAR, 0000 RONALD D. BROOKS, 0000 CHARLES H. GLEATON, 0000 ROBERT W. ENZENAUER, 0000 JAMES C. BROWN, 0000 CURTIS D. GOHO, JR., 0000 WENDELL K. S. FOO, 0000 TOD M. BUNTING, 0000 DAVID I. GOLDBERG, 0000 MICHAEL M. FUENFER, 0000 TIMOTHY J. CARROLL, 0000 DAVID M. GONZALEZ, 0000 GARY A. GOFORTH, 0000 WILLIAM H. CLELAND, 0000 NOEL D. HABIB, 0000 GLADYS M. GONZALEZ-NADAL, 0000 VIRGIL T. CONSIDINE, JR., 0000 *DALLAS C. HACK, 0000 FREDERICK C. GOOD, 0000 MICHAEL W. CORBETT, 0000 TED W. HAMMOND, 0000 LEWIS E. III GORMAN, 0000 JIMMY L. DAVIS, JR., 0000 LARRY J. HANSON, 0000 MARILYN F. GRAMS, 0000 MICHAEL D. DELANEY, 0000 BRADLEY N. HARPER, 0000 CHRISTIAN III GRONBECK, 0000 HOWARD W. DERRICK, 0000 *BRENDA S. HARPER, 0000 THOMAS J. GUZZO, 0000 HOWARD M. EDWARDS, 0000 JEFFREY L. HARRIS, 0000 WALTER J. HAAG, 0000 WILLIAM V. ETCHISON, 0000 KIP R. HARTMAN, 0000 VICTOR HADDAD, 0000 DONALD E. FICK, 0000 DAVID A. HERMAN, 0000 ROBERT P. HAYES, 0000 BRIAN D. FIELDS, 0000 STEPHEN P. HETZ, 0000 BRUCE F. HECKMAN, 0000 RONALD M. FORCE, 0000 WILLIAM C. HORTON, 0000 THOMAS A. HICKLIN, 0000 DANIEL D. FOREMAN, JR., 0000 STEVEN L. KENNEY, 0000 BERT W. HOLMES, 0000 MARK S. FUNAIOLE, 0000 KARL R. KERCHIEF, 0000 MICHAEL L. HUGGINS, 0000 MICHAEL J. GARCIA, 0000 *YOUNG O. KIM, 0000 DANIEL L. HURST, 0000 JAMES S. GOODWIN, 0000 TIMOTHY M. KING, 0000 LYLE R. JACKSON, 0000 WILLIAM D. GORE, 0000 RICHARD D. KOPKE, 0000 ARTHUR V. JEWETT, 0000 RICHARD M. GREEN, 0000 ROBERT D. LARSEN, 0000 HAROLD G. JONES, 0000 JAMES E. HEARON, 0000 ROBERT E. LEWIS, 0000 CURTIS A. JUHALA, 0000 KENCIL J. HEATON, 0000 FREDERICK R. LIEWEHR, 0000 ALGIRDAS A. JUOCYS, 0000 LAIRD R. JOHNSON, 0000 ROBERT K. MANGA, 0000 WILLIAM F. KEENAN, 0000 LARRY T. JOHNSON, 0000 MARY E. MANISCALCOTHEBERGE, 0000 PERRY D. KENDRICK, 0000 JAMES H. JONES III, 0000 RICHARD L. MARPLE, 0000 HOLLY P. KENNEDY, 0000 THOMAS P. JONS, 0000 MIKE MC BILES, 0000 ALI M. KHAJAWALL, 0000 DAVID M. KINGSTON, 0000 JAMES S. MC GHEE, JR., 0000 PETER V. KILBURN, 0000 DENNIS E. KNAUB, 0000 JOHN G. MC NEIL, 0000 JUDE J. KIRK, 0000 ROBERT A. KNAUFF, 0000 *VICTOR L. MODESTO, 0000 LOIS E. KNAPP, 0000 EDWARD J. KRAUS, JR., 0000 ALAN L. MOLOFF, 0000 WILLIAM F. KRINGEL, 0000 MARILYN J. LYTHGOE, 0000 PATRICK H. MOORE, 0000 RICHARD W. KRUSE, 0000 EDWARD A. MC ILHENNY, 0000 SEAN E. MULLEN, 0000 LOU A. LARGENT, 0000 RONALD G. MEHAN, 0000 TERRENCE S. MURPHY, 0000 GEORGE A. LEE, 0000 JOHN D. MULLINS, 0000 EDWARD T. NEELY, 0000 ALVIN L. LIEVSAY, 0000 JAMES H. NELSON, III, 0000 JAMES E. NEWMAN, JR., 0000 THOMAS N. LITTLE, 0000 FRANKLIN B. NORAGON, 0000 ANN E. NORWOOD, 0000 JACQUELINE H. LONGBOTHAM, 0000 PATRICK M. ORORKE, 0000 WAYNE L. OLSEN, 0000 DANIEL K. LOWE, 0000 WILLIAM H. RICHTER, 0000 THOMAS A. PERKINS, 0000 DONALD G. LUEDERS, 0000 JOHN M. RIX, 0000 *GERALD E. POLEY, JR., 0000 CHARLES B. MAYNARD, 0000 MICHAEL L. ROBBINS, 0000 ADOLFINA M. POLK, 0000 DAVID R. MCDUFF, 0000 SAMUEL R. SCARBRO, 0000 MELVIN S. POLK, JR., 0000 MICHAEL F. MCGREGOR, 0000 ARTHUR F. SCHAEFER, 0000 DEOGRACIA QUINONES, 0000 ROBERT L. MCGUINN, 0000 GEORGE F. SCHELLER, 0000 SHIRLEY E. REDDOCH, 0000 WALTER J. MEIVES, 0000 JAMES SCUTTINA, 0000 *STEVEN E. REISSMAN, 0000 BRUCE D. METCALFE, 0000 WILLIAM S. SKELLENGER, 0000 *JOHN A. RICHMOND, 0000 DOMINICK A. MINOTTI, 0000 WILLIAM I. SMITH, 0000 JOHN F. ROSER, JR., 0000 LLOYD T. MORITA, 0000 ROBERT H. STCLAIR III, 0000 JAMES K. SCHMITT, 0000 RALPH D. MORRIS, 0000 JAMES P. STEFFLRE, 0000 JOHNETTE J. SHELLEY, 0000 ALFONSO V. NAVARRO, 0000 NELSON F. TEJADA, 0000 ELISABETH M. STAFFORD, 0000 ORIN H. OGILVIE, 0000 OWEN M. ULMER, JR., 0000 RICHARD C. TENGLIN, 0000 PATRICK S. ORILEY, 0000 JOSEPH B. VEILLON, 0000 JAMES C. WARING, JR., 0000 JAMES A. ORSINI, 0000 WARREN R. WATKINS, 0000 ROBERT W. WEIEN, 0000 ANGEL L. PADILLA, 0000 EDWARD I. WEXLER, 0000 ROGER W. WEYAND, 0000 DONALD R. PANKRATZ, 0000 JOHN M. WHITE, 0000 WILLIAM C. WILLIARD III, 0000 KENNETH B. PETERSON, 0000 STEVEN C. WIDEN, 0000 BENJAMIN G. WITHERS, 0000 RONALD E. POWELL, 0000 SAMUEL P. WILLIAMSON, 0000 DANIEL A. WOLF, 0000 MARIAN H. PUTNAM, 0000 ELLIOTT W. WORCESTER, JR., 0000 *MICHAEL R. WYMES, 0000 STANLEY L. QUOCK, 0000 BRUCE E. VANDERVEN, 0000 *STEVEN J. YEVICH, 0000 BRIAN M. REES, 0000 JOHN S. YOUNG III, 0000 GEORGE E. RICHARDSON, 0000 f DARYL N. ZEIGLER, 0000 SONIA F. SACEDA, 0000 WILLIAM R. SANDEL, 0000 WITHDRAWALS IN THE ARMY MILTON R. SCHOLZE, 0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT DEAN G. SIENKO, 0000 Executive messages transmitted by TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE JOHN W. SMITH, 0000 the President to the Senate on January ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: ROBERT E. SPILLER, 0000 KENNETH M. STALLINGS, 0000 29, 1998, withdrawing from further Sen- To be colonel SAMUEL S. STROBERT, 0000 BILLY J. TAYLOR, 0000 ate consideration the following nomi- BENJAMIN J. ADAMCIK, 0000 LEONCIO B. TENA, 0000 nations: JACQUELINE AGNEW, 0000 FRANCIS E. TRAXLER, 0000 WILLIAM H. ANDERSON, 0000 MELVIN R. VANDYKE, 0000 FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY PAUL L. ANDREWS, 0000 JOHN C. WHITE, 0000 BARRY J. APPLEBY, 0000 LEROY WINFIELD, JR., 0000 JAMES HUDSON BAILEY, OF WISCONSIN, TO BE DEPUTY JEFFREY D. ASTROTH, 0000 JONATHAN WOODSON, 0000 DIRECTOR OF THE FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SALVATORE J. BATE, 0000 WILLIAM W. WOOLMAN, 0000 AGENCY, VICE HARVEY G. RYLAND, RESIGNED, WHICH JAMES F. BEATTIE, 0000 JAMES R. YATES, 0000 WAS SENT TO THE SENATE ON OCTOBER 8, 1997. EDWARD F. BIGSBY, 0000 JOY L. ZIEMANN, 0000 JOHN L. BLACK, 0000 MORRIS K. UDALL SCHOLARSHIP AND EXCEL- ISAAC D. BROUSSARD, 0000 IN THE AIR FORCE LENCE IN NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY JIMMIE L. BROWNING, 0000 FOUNDATION MICHAEL K. BURROUGHS, 0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS, AIR FORCE RE- FRANK D. BUTLER, 0000 SERVE, FOR PROMOTION TO THE GRADE INDICATED, RONALD KENT BURTON, OF VIRGINIA, TO BE A MEMBER JEFFREY C. CHANG, 0000 UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 307 OF TITLE OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE MORRIS K. UDALL DONALD M. CHOATE, 0000 32,U.S.C., AND SECTIONS 8363 AND 593 OF TITLE 10, U.S.C. SCHOLARSHIP AND EXCELLENCE IN NATIONAL ENVIRON- WILLIAM L. CLEAVER, 0000 To be colonel MENTAL POLICY FOUNDATION FOR A TERM EXPIRING CARL CONLEY, JR., 0000 OCTOBER 6, 2002, (REAPPOINTMENT), WHICH WAS SENT TO DALLAS COTTAM, 0000 DAVID W. ARNETT II, 0000 THE SENATE ON JANUARY 9, 1997.

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