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NATO Science Keeps the Peace the Arctic's Autumn Sea Ice Hiring Freeze Sparks Worry

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NATO Science Keeps the Peace the Arctic's Autumn Sea Ice Hiring Freeze Sparks Worry VOL. 98 • NO. 4 • APR 2017 NATO Science Keeps the Peace The Arctic’s Autumn Sea Ice Earth & Space Science News Hiring Freeze Sparks Worry 8 Portland Oregon Call for Session Proposals and Tutorials Submission Deadline: 3 May 2017, 11:59 P.M. Session Proposals Proposals can span a broad array of marine science topics, and strong interdisciplinary themes that address new and emerging areas of research are strongly encouraged. Tutorials Tutorial talks are meant to provide a review and synthesis of multiple results across a field of study, and not be primarily presentation of the proposer’s own work. These talks should be designed to have a broad appeal to participants seeking an overview of a given topic. osm.agu.org 8 Earth & Space Science News Contents Portland Oregon APRIL 2017 VOLUME 98, ISSUE 4 PROJECT UPDATE Call for Session Proposals and Tutorials 24 International Effort Tackles Landslide Hazards to Keep the Peace Earth scientists work with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to help keep a border-straddling hydroelectric power plant on the Black Sea coast safe from landslides. PROJECT UPDATE 30 Submission Deadline: 3 May 2017, 11:59 P.M. The Balance of Ice, Waves, and Winds in the Arctic Autumn Although summer sea ice loss in the Arctic Session Proposals is well studied, less is known about how ice Proposals can span a broad array of marine science topics, and strong comes back in autumn. A new program is changing that. interdisciplinary themes that address new and emerging areas of research are 18 strongly encouraged. OPINION COVER Why We Must Tie Tutorials Data Illuminate a Mountain 13 Satellite Positioning Tutorial talks are meant to provide a review and synthesis of multiple results to Tide Gauge Data of Molehills Facing Women Scientists Accurate measurements of changes in sea across a field of study, and not be primarily presentation of the proposer’s own and land levels with location and time From the peer-review process to the very concept of what it means to work. These talks should be designed to have a broad appeal to participants require making precise, repeated geodetic be brilliant, studies show that women face subtle biases and structural ties between tide gauges and satellite seeking an overview of a given topic. barriers to success in the geosciences. positioning system equipment. osm.agu.org Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 1 Contents DEPARTMENTS Editor in Chief Barbara T. Richman: AGU, Washington, D. C., USA; eos_ [email protected] Editors Christina M. S. Cohen Wendy S. Gordon Carol A. Stein California Institute Ecologia Consulting, Department of Earth and of Technology, Pasadena, Austin, Texas, USA; Environmental Sciences, Calif., USA; wendy@ecologiaconsulting University of Illinois at cohen@srl .caltech.edu .com Chicago, Chicago, Ill., José D. Fuentes David Halpern USA; [email protected] Department of Meteorology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pennsylvania State Pasadena, Calif., USA; University, University davidhalpern29@gmail Park, Pa., USA; .com [email protected] Editorial Advisory Board Nathan T. Bridges, Planetary Sciences John W. Lane, Near-Surface Geophysics Mark G. Flanner, Atmospheric Sciences Jian Lin, Tectonophysics Nicola J. Fox, Space Physics Figen Mekik, Paleoceanography and Aeronomy and Paleoclimatology Peter Fox, Earth and Space Science Jerry L. Miller, Ocean Sciences 41 Informatics Thomas H. Painter, Cryosphere Steve Frolking, Biogeosciences Sciences Edward J. Garnero, Study of the Philip J. Rasch, Global Environmental Earth’s Deep Interior Change 36 AGU News Michael N. Gooseff, Hydrology Eric M. Riggs, Education Brian C. Gunter, Geodesy Adrian Tuck, Nonlinear Geophysics AGU and Wiley Renew Publishing Kristine C. Harper, History Sergio Vinciguerra, Mineral Partnership. of Geophysics and Rock Physics Susan E. Hough, Natural Hazards Andrew C. Wilcox, Earth and Planetary Emily R. Johnson, Volcanology, Surface Processes Geochemistry, and Petrology Earle Williams, Atmospheric 38–42 Research Spotlight Keith D. Koper, Seismology and Space Electricity Geomagnetism Societal Impacts Pulses of Rising Magma in Sierra Robert E. Kopp, Mary Lou Zoback, 12 and Paleomagnetism and Policy Sciences Nevada’s Past; An Up-Close Look Staff at the Megaquakes That Cause Production and Design: Faith A. Ishii, Production Manager; Melissa A. Tribur, Senior 3–10 News Tsunamis; How Global Warming’s Production Specialist; Elizabeth Jacobsen, Production and Editorial Assistant; Karen Effect on Clouds May Make It Lomax, Acting Manager, Design and Branding; Travis Frazier and Valerie Friedman, Hiring Freeze Sparks Worries at Rain Harder; West Electronic Graphics Specialists Science Agencies; Seven Earth- Editorial: Peter L. Weiss, Manager/Senior News Editor; Mohi Kumar, Scientific Antarctic Ice Shelf Content Editor; Randy Showstack, Senior News Writer; JoAnna Wendel, News Writer; Sized Planets Seen Whizzing Around Breaking Up from Liz Castenson, Editorial and Production Coordinator One Cool Star; Mounting Litter the Inside Out; Marketing: Jamie R. Liu, Manager, Marketing; Angelo Bouselli and Tyjen Conley, Marketing Program Managers Spotted on Arctic Seafloor; Revived Deep Drilling Climate Change Forum Focuses Advertising: Jeff Borchardt, Development Director; Tel: +1-202-777-7536; Reveals Puzzling Email: [email protected] on Threats to Human Health; History of Campi Flegrei Caldera; New UCAR Leader Sees Scientific, ©2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Material in this issue may Unprecedented Views of Mercury be photocopied by individual scientists for research or classroom use. Permission is Administrative Challenges Ahead; Constrain Hollow Formation. also granted to use short quotes, figures, and tables for publication in scientific books NOAA Video Shows Satellite Views and journals. For permission for any other uses, contact the AGU Publications Office. of Louisiana Tornadoes. Eos (ISSN 0096-3941) is published monthly by the American Geophysical Union, 44–47 Positions Available 2000 Florida Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA. Periodical Class postage paid at Washington, D. C., and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address 11–12 Meeting Reports Current job openings in the Earth changes to Member Service Center, 2000 Florida Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20009, and space sciences. USA. Understanding How Geoengineering Member Service Center: 8:00 a.m.–6:00 p.m. Eastern time; Tel: +1-202-462-6900; Can Offset Climate Change; Tackling Fax: +1-202-328-0566; Tel. orders in U.S.: 1-800-966-2481; Email: service@ agu.org. Unanswered Questions on What 48 Postcards from the Field Use AGU’s Geophysical Electronic Manuscript Submissions system to submit Shapes Earth. A team samples microbes, water, a manuscript: http://eos-submit.agu.org. and gases at a hot spring on Irazu Views expressed in this publication do not volcano in Costa Rica. necessarily reflect official positions of the American 13–17 Opinions Geophysical Union unless expressly stated. Why We Must Tie Satellite Christine W. McEntee, Executive Director/CEO Positioning to Tide Gauge Data; Three On the Cover Reasons Why Earth Scientists Should Credit: Westend61 GmbH / Alamy Edit Wikipedia. Stock Photo. facebook.com/AmericanGeophysicalUnion @AGU_Eos linkedin.com/company/american-geophysical-union youtube.com/user/AGUvideos 2 // Eos April 2017 NEWS compounded by spending cuts means a lot of Hiring Freeze Sparks Worries these agencies will crumple. They have to cease doing a lot of the functions they are now at Science Agencies doing.” Trump promised to shrink the size of the federal government, but the order runs counter to some of the president’s campaign promises, such as increasing domestic energy production, according to Ruch. “Even some- thing like the Dakota [Access] pipeline is going to take hands on the ground in order to make sure it’s properly approved and not sub- ject to litigation challenges,” he said. Before this issue of Eos went to press, pre- liminary White House documents indicated steep drops in funding for EPA and NOAA for the upcoming fiscal year 2018. However, Pres- ident Trump had not yet released his official budget request. Worries at EPA John O’Grady, president of the American Fed- eration of Government Employees (AFGE) Council 238, which represents about 9000 EPA employees, told Eos that although other presi- dents have instituted hiring freezes at one point or another, “the difference is that this one seems to be linked with potential draco- nian actions to be taken in the near future.” The number of full-time​­ EPA employees Ron Sachs, MediaPunch/IPx Ron sank from 18,000 to 15,000 during the Obama President Donald Trump signed three executive orders, including the hiring freeze, on 23 January. administration, according to O’Grady. In that light, “if the hiring freeze extends long into the future, it will have an impact on EPA’s temporary freeze on hiring federal “to circumvent the intent” of the memo. A ability to fulfill its mission to protect human employees has put a chill in the air at follow-​­up 31 January document from OMB and health and the environment,” he said. A some federal science agencies, OPM provides guidance and an exemption for O’Grady worries about calls by some, employee union leaders and others told Eos. appointing seasonal and short-term​­ employ- including Myron Ebell, former head of President Donald Trump announced the ees (see http:// bit . ly/ freeze - guidance). Trump’s EPA transition team, to slash EPA freeze in a memorandum in January, ordering down to 5000 employees. “The thing
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