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Kelimpahan Dan Keanekaragaman Ikan Karang Target Pada Ekosistem Terumbu Karang Di Pulau Kapoposang, Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan

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Kelimpahan Dan Keanekaragaman Ikan Karang Target Pada Ekosistem Terumbu Karang Di Pulau Kapoposang, Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan KELIMPAHAN DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN IKAN KARANG TARGET PADA EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG DI PULAU KAPOPOSANG, KABUPATEN PANGKAJENE KEPULAUAN SKRIPSI SATRIANI L211 13 311 PROGRAM STUDI MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA PERAIRAN DEPARTEMEN PERIKANAN FAKULTAS ILMU KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN MAKASSAR 2018 ABSTRAK SATRIANI. L21113311. “Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Ikan Karang Target pada Ekosistem Terumbu Karang di Pulau Kapoposang, Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan”. Di bawah bimbingan Sharifuddin Bin Andy Omar sebagai Pembimbing Utama dan Basse Siang Parawansa sebagai Pembimbing Anggota. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman ikan karang target pada setiap zona dan kedalaman di Pulau Kapoposang, Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Maret 2018. Lokasi pengamatan terdiri atas tiga zona yaitu zona inti, zona pemanfaatan, dan zona perikanan berkelanjutan. Pada masing-masing zona dipasang transek garis sepanjang 50 m pada dua kedalaman yaitu 3 m dan 10 m dengan transisi 5 m di atas terumbu karang, sejajar garis pantai. Luas area pengamatan 250 Ha. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu UVC (Underwater Visual Census). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan 42 spesies, dari 16 genera dan 7 famili dengan total kelimpahan 428 ekor. Zona perikanan berkelanjutan memiliki kelimpahan ikan karang target tertinggi, yaitu sebanyak 126 ekor di kedalaman 3 m, dan terendah di zona inti, yaitu sebanyak 11 ekor di kedalaman 10 m. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman berkisar antara 2.4478 - 5.0370, nilai indeks keseragaman berkisar antara 0.4577 – 0.9112, dan nilai indeks dominansi berkisar antara 0.1239 - 0.5402. Secara umum, rendahnya nilai indeks dominansi serta tingginya nilai indeks keseragaman jenis menggambarkan bahwa ikan karang target di setiap zona saat pengamatan berada dalam kondisi yang cukup stabil. Kata Kunci : Ikan Karang Target, Kelimpahan, Indeks Ekologi, Pulau Kapoposang i ABSTRACT SATRIANI. L21113311. “Abundance and Diversity of Reef Target Fishes on Coral Reef Ecosystem in Kapoposang Island, Pangkajene Kepulauan Regency”. Under the guidance of Sharifuddin Bin Andy Omar as main Supervisor and Basse Siang Parawansa as member supervisor. This research aims to determine the abundance and diversity of reef fish target in each zone in Kapoposang Island, Pangkajene Kepulauan Regency. Data collection conducted in January - March 2018. The location of observation consists of three zones such as core zone, utilization zone, and sustainable fishery zone. Every zone was given a 50 m line transect at two depths of 3 m and 10 m with a transition of 5 m above the coral reef and parallel to the shoreline. The Area of observation is 250 Ha. The method which is used UVC (Underwater Visual Census). Based on the results of the research, there were 42 species, 16 genera, and 7 families with an abundance of 428. Sustainable fishery zone has the highest abundance of reef fish target, which is 126 tails in the depth of 3 meters, and the lowest in core zone, which is 11 tails in the depth of 10 meters. The value of diversity index ranged from 2.4478 - 5.0370, the value of uniformity index ranged between 0.4577 – 0.9112, and the value of dominance index ranged from 0.1239 - 0.5402. In general, the low values of the dominant index and the high value of the uniform type index illustrate that the reef fish each zone when the observation is still has stable enough condition. Keywords: Reef Target Fishes, Abundance, Ecological Index, Kapoposang Island ii KELIMPAHAN DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN IKAN KARANG TARGET PADA EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG DI PULAU KAPOPOSANG, KABUPATEN PANGKAJENE KEPULAUAN Oleh: SATRIANI Skripsi Sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana pada Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan PROGRAM STUDI MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA PERAIRAN DEPARTEMEN PERIKANAN FAKULTAS ILMU KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN MAKASSAR 2018 iii RIWAYAT HIDUP Penulis dilahirkan pada tanggal 7 Januari 1995 di Kelurahan Bunga Eja, Kecamatan Kamanre, Kabupaten Luwu, Sulawesi Selatan. Anak kelima dari delapan bersaudara dari Ayahanda H. Abbas dan Ibunda Hj. Muna. Penulis menyelesaikan pendidikan dasar di SDN 358 Pengkasalu tahun 2007, pendidikan lanjutan di SMP Negeri 1 Belopa tahun 2010, dan pendidikan menengah di SMAN 01 Unggulan Kamanre tahun 2013. Pada tahun 2013 penulis berhasil diterima pada Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Jurusan Perikanan, Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar. Penulis aktif dalam berbagai organisasi kemahasiswaan yaitu Keluarga Mahasiswa Profesi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Hasanuddi (KMP MSP KEMAPI FIKP UNHAS). Fisheries Diving Club Universitas Hasanuddin (FDC UNHAS) sebagai anggota Divisi Peningkatan dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Manusia (PPSDM) periode 2015 - 2016, Sekretaris Umum periode 2016-2017, Dewan Selam periode 2017- 2018. Forum Penyelam Mahasiswa Indonesia (FoPMI) sebagai anggota Divisi Hubungan Masyarakat (HUMAS) periode 2015 – 2017, Koordinator Wilayah Tengah periode 2017-2018. Penulis juga pernah aktif sebagai asisten laboratorium pada beberapa mata kuliah, yakni Limnologi, Avertebrata Air, Planktonologi, Ekologi Ikan, dan Dinamika Populasi. Penulis menyelesaikan rangkaian tugas akhir, masing-masing mengikuti Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Kebangsaan Gelombang 93 di Desa Teluk Bakau, Kecamatan Gunung Kijang, Kepulauan Riau, tahun 2016 dan Praktek Kerja v Lapang (PKL) yang dilaksanakan oleh World Wide Fund - Indonesia South East Sulawesi Seascape (WWF - Indonesia SESS) di Taman Nasional Wakatobi, Desa Mola Bahari, Kecamatan Wangi-wangi Selatan, Kabupaten Wakatobi, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, pada tahun 2017. Sebagai tugas akhir, penulis melakukan penelitian dengan judul “Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Ikan Karang Target pada Ekosistem Terumbu Karang di Pulau Kapoposang, Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan” pada tahun 2018. vi KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis panjatkan ke kehadirat Allah SWT, pemilik segala kesempurnaan yang telah memberikan kami kekuatan, kesabaran, ketenangan, dan karunia-Nya sehingga penelitian dan skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik. Dalam penyusunan skripsi ini, penulis menyadari banyak bantuan, bimbingan, dan duku ngan yang sangat berharga telah diberikan kepada penulis. Oleh karena itu, melalui skripsi ini penulis menghaturkan penghormatan yang setinggi-tingginya dan terima kasih sebesar-sebesarnya kepada: 1. Bapak Prof. Dr. Ir. Sharifuddin Bin Andy Omar, M.Sc selaku pembimbing utama dan Ibu Ir. Basse Siang Parawansa, MP selaku pembimbing anggota sekaligus penasihat akademik yang telah bersedia membimbing dan mengarahkan penulis demi kesempurnaan dan penyelesaian skripsi. 2. Bapak Prof. Dr. Ir. Syamsu Alam Ali, MS, Prof. Dr. Ir. Muh. Yusran Nur Indar, M.Phill dan Ibu Ir. Suwarni, M.Si selaku penguji yang telah memberi saran dan mengarahkan penulis dalam penyelesaian skripsi. 3. Seluruh Dosen dan Civitas Akademik Departemen Perikanan, Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Hasanuddin yang telah memberikan ilmu dan membantu penulis dalam mengurus administrasi. 4. Kedua orang tua tercinta, Ayahanda H. Abbas dan Ibunda Hj. Muna yang telah melahirkan, membesarkan, dan mendidik penulis dalam menimba ilmu pengetahuan sampai kepada penyelesaian studi. vii 5. Saudara Ilham S. Kel beserta Staf Balai Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Naional (BKKPN) Kupang yang telah mengarahkan selama penelitian di lapangan. 6. Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa Fisheries Diving Club Universitas Hasanuddin yang telah memberikan banyak pelajaran, kebersamaan, pengalaman dan keluarga baru dalam menuntut ilmu. 7. Keluarga Mahasiswa Profesi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan serta teman- teman Perikanan Belanak Angkatan 2013 yang telah memberikan banyak pelajaran, ilmu dan pengetahuan tentang arti dari sebuah kebersamaan. 8. Teman-teman MSP Angkatan 2013, teman-teman mahasiswa Perikanan dan Kelautan, serta semua pihak yan telah membantu penulis baik moril maupun materil yang tidak bisa saya sebutkan satu per satu, atas dukungan dan bantuannya dalam kegiatan sampai penyusunan skripsi sehingga dapat terlaksana dengan baik. Keterbatasan pengetahuan yang ada pada penulis membuat skripsi ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Namun demikian penulis mengharapkan semoga skripsi ini dapat memberi manfaat bagi kita semua. Amin. Makassar, Juni 2018 Satriani Penulis viii DAFTAR ISI Halaman DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. x DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ xi I. PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 1 B. Tujuan dan Kegunaan .............................................................................. 2 II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA A. Kawasan Konservasi Perairan .................................................................. 3 B. Taman Wisata Perairan Kepulauan Kapoposang .................................... 4 C. Ikan Karang Target ................................................................................... 9 D. Jenis Ikan Karang Target ......................................................................... 9 E. Komposisi Jenis dan Kelimpahan Ikan ................................................... 29 III. BAHAN DAN METODE A. Waktu dan Tempat ............................................................................................ 31 B. Alat dan Bahan......................................................................................
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