DOCSLIB.ORG

2020 Requirements for the Use of Wood Guidelines

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2020 Requirements for the Use of Wood Guidelines 2020 Requirements for the Use of Wood Guidelines Crate & Barrel Holdings, Inc., which does business as Crate & Barrel, CB2, and Hudson Grace (“the Company”) requires all Business partners to ​ follow our wood sourcing guidelines. The below list of timber species is not exhaustive. In particular, only the most common tropical woods are listed. Furthermore, the current CITES listing of banned and restricted woods is always the final authority. If a timber species is unknown and cannot be safely excluded, please reach out and verify with your Merchandise our Sourcing partner for approval before use within products for the Company. Color Code Tiber Requirements Red Timber species is not permitted to be used in any products within the Company. Orange Can use timber species only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available. ​ ​ Yellow Can use timber species without FSC only if the species meets our Plantation Grown Exception (See below, page 14). ​ ​ ​ ​ White No FSC-certificate required. 2020 Requirements for the Use of Wood Guidelines | Page 1 ​ Botanical/Latin Trade Names Timber Requirements Color Code A Abelmoschus Esculentus Okra, okro, quingombó, gombo Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Abies alba Fir Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Abies guatemalensis Guatemala Fir Banned & Cannot use wood Red Acacia ampliceps Acacia Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange Acacia anegadensis Pokemeboy Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange Acacia arabica Egyptian thorn Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange Acacia auriculiformis Northern black wattle Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange Product must be FSC-certified. However, if the Plantation Grown exception is met on the Acacia confusa Philippine acacia Yellow Production Information Bulletin ("PIB"), product does not need to be FSC-certified. ​ ​ Acacia dealbata Silver wattle Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange Product must be FSC-certified. However, if the Plantation Grown exception is met on the Acacia estrophiolata Acacia Yellow Production Information Bulletin ("PIB"), product does not need to be FSC-certified. ​ ​ Product must be FSC-certified. However, if the Plantation Grown exception is met on the Acacia farnesiana Sweet Acacia Yellow Production Information Bulletin ("PIB"), product does not need to be FSC-certified. ​ ​ Acacia hybrid Akazie Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Product must be FSC-certified. However, if the Plantation Grown exception is met on the Acacia indica Acacia Yellow Production Information Bulletin ("PIB"), product does not need to be FSC-certified. ​ ​ Acacia karroo sweet thorn Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange Acacia malaysia Acacia Malaysia Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange Product must be FSC-certified. However, if the Plantation Grown exception is met on the Acacia mangium Mangium, Black wattle, Hickory wattle Yellow Production Information Bulletin ("PIB"), product does not need to be FSC-certified. ​ ​ Acacia mimosoideae Acacia Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange Acacia senegalia Gum acacia Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange 2020 Requirements for the Use of Wood Guidelines | Page 2 ​ Botanical/Latin Trade Names Timber Requirements Color Code Acacia vachellia Acacia Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange Acer campestre Maple, Field maple Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Acer negundo Maple Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Acer palmatum Red maple Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Acer platanoides European maple Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Acer pseudoplatanus Maple, European Maple Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Acer saccharum Sugar maple Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Acer Truncatum Maple Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Adansonia grandidieri Grandidier's Baobab Banned & Cannot use wood Red Afzelia bipindensis Papao Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange Agathis dammara Damar Wood Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange Ailanthus altissima Tree of heaven, Vernish tree Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Albizia chinensis silk tree, Chinese albizia Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Product must be FSC-certified. However, if the Plantation Grown exception is met on the Albizia Duraz Albizia Yellow Production Information Bulletin ("PIB"), product does not need to be FSC-certified. ​ ​ Albizia falcataria Albizia (Indonesia), Albizia (White), Albizia Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange Albizia saman Rain tree, Regenbaum Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Alnus glutinosa Alder, Black Adler Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Alnus incana Grey alder Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Aniba rosaeodora Rosewood Tree Banned & Cannot use wood Red Aquilaria spp. Eaglewood Banned & Cannot use wood Red Araucaria angustifolia Brasil pine Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange Araucaria araucana Monkey Puzzle Tree Banned & Cannot use wood Red Aspidosperma peroba Peroba Rose Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange Astronium lecontei Maracatiara, Guaritá Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange Aucoumea klaineana Okaka Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange 2020 Requirements for the Use of Wood Guidelines | Page 3 ​ Botanical/Latin Trade Names Timber Requirements Color Code B Balmea stormiae Ayuque Banned & Cannot use wood Red Beaucarnea spp. Elephant foot tree Banned & Cannot use wood Red Betula alba Silver Birch Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Betula albosinensis Birch Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Betula alleghaniensis Sweet birch, Cherry Birch Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Betula alnoides Alder birch Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Betula lutea Sweet birch, Cherry Birch Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Betula maximowicziana Birch Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Betula pendula European Birch Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Betula platyphytla Birch Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Betula pubescens European Birch Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Bowdichia nitida Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange Brosimun paraense Brosium Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange Bulnesia sarmientoi Verawood Banned & Cannot use wood Red C Caesalpinia echinata Brazil wood Banned & Cannot use wood Red Calophyllum spp. Bintangor Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange Carpinus betulus Hornbeam Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Caryocar costaricense Piquia, Almendrillo Banned & Cannot use wood Red Caryocar villosum Piquia Can use only if statutory documents and the FSC-certificate for the product is available Orange Cassia siamea Cassod Tree, Thai copper pod Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Castanea sativa Chestnut Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Castanopsis carlesii Chinkapin Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Castanopsis fagaceae Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Catalpa ovata Chinese catalpa Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White 2020 Requirements for the Use of Wood Guidelines | Page 4 ​ Botanical/Latin Trade Names Timber Requirements Color Code Cedrela fissilis Brazilian Cedar Banned & Cannot use wood Red Cedrela lilloi Brazilian Cedar Banned & Cannot use wood Red Cedrela montana Cedro Banned & Cannot use wood Red Cedrela oaxacensis Cedro Banned & Cannot use wood Red Cedrela odorata Red Cedar Banned & Cannot use wood Red Cedrela salvadorensis Cedro Banned & Cannot use wood Red Cedrela spp. Cedro (all species) Banned & Cannot use wood Red Cedrela tonduzii Cedro Banned & Cannot use wood Red Cedrelinga catenaeformis Tornillo Banned & Cannot use wood Red Cedrus atlantica atlantic cedar Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Celtis occidentalis Nettlewood Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Celtis sinensis Chinese hackberry Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White Chamaecyparis White Cedar Product does not need to carry FSC-certification White lawsoniana Chlorophora excelsa African Oak Can use only if statutory documents and the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Physical, Mechanical, and Other Properties Of
    ARC: 634.9 TA/OST 73-24 C559a PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL, AND OTHER PROPERTIES OF SELECTED SECONDARY SPECIES in Surinam, Peru, Colombia, Nigeria, Gabon, Philippines, and Malaysia FPL-AID-PASA TA(Aj)2-73 (Species Properties) * PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL, AND OTHER PROPERTIES OF SELECTED SECONDARY SPECIES LOCATED IN SURINAM, PERU, COLOMBIA, NIGERIA, GABON, PHILIPPINES, AND MALAYSIA MARTIN CHUDNOFF, Forest Products Technologist Forest Products Laboratory Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Madison, Wisconsin 53705 November 1973 Prepared for AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT U.S. Department of State Washington, DC 20523 ARC No. 634.9 - C 559a INTRODUCTION This report is a partial response to a Participating Agency Service Agreement between the Agency for Inter­ national Development and the USDA, Forest Service (PASA Control No. TA(AJ)2-73) and concerns a study of the factors influencing the utilization of the tropical forest resource. The purpose of this portion of the PASA obligation is to present previously published information on the tree and wood characteristics of selected secondary species growing m seven tropical countries. The format is concise and follows the outline developed for the second edition of the "Handbook of Hardwoods" published by HMSO, London. Species selected for review are well known in the source countries, but make up a very small component, if any, of their export trade. The reasons why these species play a secondary role in the timber harvest are discussed in the other accompanying PASA reports. ii INDEX Pages SURINAM 1-11 Audira spp. Eperu falcata Eschweilera spp. Micropholis guyanensis Nectandra spp. Ocotea spp. Parinari campestris Parinari excelsa Pouteria engleri Protium spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Back Grou Di Formatio O the Co Servatio Status of Bubi Ga Ad We Ge Tree
    BACK GROUD IFORMATIO O THE COSERVATIO STATUS OF BUBIGA AD WEGE TREE SPECIES I AFRICA COUTRIES Report prepared for the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO). by Dr Jean Lagarde BETTI, ITTO - CITES Project Africa Regional Coordinator, University of Douala, Cameroon Tel: 00 237 77 30 32 72 [email protected] June 2012 1 TABLE OF COTET TABLE OF CONTENT......................................................................................................... 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................... 4 ABREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................. 5 ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................... 6 0. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................10 I. MATERIAL AND METHOD...........................................................................................11 1.1. Study area..................................................................................................................11 1.2. Method ......................................................................................................................12 II. BIOLOGICAL DATA .....................................................................................................14 2.1. Distribution of Bubinga and Wengé species in Africa.................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • Download This PDF File
    CHARACTERISTICS OF TEN TROPICAL HARDWOODS FROM CERTIFIED FORESTS IN BOLIVIA PART I WEATHERING CHARACTERISTICS AND DIMENSIONAL CHANGE R. Sam Williams Supervisory Research Chemist Regis Miller Botanist and John Gangstad Technician USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory1 Madison, WI 53705-2398 (Received July 2000) ABSTRACT Ten tropical hardwoods from Bolivia were evaluated for weathering performance (erosion rate, dimensional stability, warping, surface checking, and splitting). The wood species were Amburana crarensis (roble), Anudenanthera macrocarpa (curupau), Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon Cjichituriqui), Astronium urundeuva (cuchi), Caesalpinia cf. pluviosa (momoqui), Diplotropis purpurea (sucupira), Guihourriu chodatiuna (sirari), Phyllostylon rhamnoides (cuta), Schinopsis cf. quebracho-colorudo (soto), and Tabeb~liuspp. (lapacho group) (tajibo or ipe). Eucalyptus marginatu Cjarrah) from Australia and Tectonu grandis (teak), both naturally grown from Burma and plantation-grown from Central America, were included in the study for comparison. The dimensional change for the species from Bolivia, commensurate with a change in relative humidity (RH) from 30% to 90%, varied from about 1.6% and 2.0% (radial and tangential directions) for Arnburunu cer~ren.risto 2.2% and 4.1% (radial and tangential) for Anadenanthera macrocarpu. The dimensional change for teak was 1.3% and 2.5% (radial and tangential) for the same change in relative humidity. None of the Bolivian species was completely free of warp or surface checks; however, Anadenanthera macrocarpu, Aspidosperma cy- lindrocurpon, and Schinopsis cf. quebracho-colorado performed almost as well as teak. The erosion rate of several of the wood species was considerably slower than that of teak, and there was little correlation between wood density and erosion rate. Part 2 of this report will include information on the decay resistance (natural durability) of these species.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Index of Common Names: Supplement to Tropical Timbers of the World (AH 607)
    Complete Index of Common Names: Supplement to Tropical Timbers of the World (AH 607) by Nancy Ross Preface Since it was published in 1984, Tropical Timbers of the World has proven to be an extremely valuable reference to the properties and uses of tropical woods. It has been particularly valuable for the selection of species for specific products and as a reference for properties information that is important to effective pro- cessing and utilization of several hundred of the most commercially important tropical wood timbers. If a user of the book has only a common or trade name for a species and wishes to know its properties, the user must use the index of common names beginning on page 451. However, most tropical timbers have numerous common or trade names, depending upon the major region or local area of growth; furthermore, different species may be know by the same common name. Herein lies a minor weakness in Tropical Timbers of the World. The index generally contains only the one or two most frequently used common or trade names. If the common name known to the user is not one of those listed in the index, finding the species in the text is impossible other than by searching the book page by page. This process is too laborious to be practical because some species have 20 or more common names. This supplement provides a complete index of common or trade names. This index will prevent a user from erroneously concluding that the book does not contain a specific species because the common name known to the user does not happen to be in the existing index.
    [Show full text]
  • SC69 Doc. 69.1
    Original language: English SC69 Doc. 69.1 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Sixty-ninth meeting of the Standing Committee Geneva (Switzerland), 27 November – 1 December 2017 Species specific matters Maintenance of the Appendices Annotations ESTABLISHMENT OF A WORKING GROUP ON ANNOTATIONS 1. This document has been submitted by Canada, on behalf of Namibia and Canada as joint leads for the Standing Committee on the issue of Annotations.* Background 2. At the 17th meeting, (CoP17; Johannesburg, 2016) the Conference of the Parties adopted Decision 16.162 (Rev. CoP17) which directs the Standing Committee to re-establish the working group on annotations, in close collaboration with the Animals and Plants Committees. At its 68th meeting (Johannesburg, 2016), the Standing Committee agreed that Canada and Namibia would lead on the issue of annotations. 4. After discussion with the Chair of the Standing Committee in February 2017 and consultation between Canada and Namibia, it was agreed to engage members of the previous Standing Committee Annotations Working Group in advance of the 69th meeting of the Standing Committee (November 2017; SC69), to continue discussions relating to the work included in the working group terms of reference contained in Decision 16.162 (Rev. CoP17). In April 2017, in response to concerns raised by the Secretariat in advance of CoP17 regarding a lack of regional diversity in the working group in its discussions during the CoP16/CoP17 intersessional period, the Chair of the CITES Plants Committee confirmed that ten members or alternate members of the Plants Committee had expressed interest in participating in the Standing Committee’s work on annotations.
    [Show full text]
  • Initial Environmental Examination, Addendum for 230
    MAKO PROJECT IEE Addendum: 230 kV Transmission Line Realignment (Tower 54 to Tower 86) FINAL Prepared for By May 2015 IEE Addendum RECORD DISTRIBUTION Copy No. Company / Position Name 1 Director, ESD NNP1 Mr. Prapard PAN-ARAM 2 EMO Manager, NNP1 Mr Viengkeo Phetnavongxay 3 Deputy Compliance Manager, NNP1 Mr. Cliff Massey DOCUMENT REVISION LIST Revision Status/Number Revision Date Description of Revision Approved By Rev0 22nd April 2015 Working Draft Nigel Murphy Rev1 24th April 2015 Draft Nigel Murphy Rev2 18th May 2015 Draft Nigel Murphy Rev3 20th May 2015 Final Nigel Murphy Rev4 28th May 2015 Final (reformatted) Nigel Murphy This report is not to be used for purposes other than those for which it was intended. Environmental conditions change with time. The site conditions described in this report are based on observations made during the site visit and on subsequent monitoring results. Earth Systems does not imply that the site conditions described in this report are representative of past or future conditions. Where this report is to be made available, either in part or in its entirety, to a third party, Earth Systems reserves the right to review the information and documentation contained in the report and revisit and update findings, conclusions and recommendations. FINAL i i IEE Addendum Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • TREE RING CHARACTERISTICS of 30-YEAR-OLD SWIETENIA MACROPHYLLA PLANTATION TREES Cheng-Jung Lin* Chih-Hsin Chung Chih-Lung Cho Te
    TREE RING CHARACTERISTICS OF 30-YEAR-OLD SWIETENIA MACROPHYLLA PLANTATION TREES Cheng-Jung Lin* Associate Researcher Department of Forest Utilization Taiwan Forestry Research Institute Taipei, Taiwan E-mail: [email protected] Chih-Hsin Chung Assistant Researcher Department of Forest Management Taiwan Forestry Research Institute Taipei, Taiwan E-mail: [email protected] Chih-Lung Cho Professor Department of Natural Resources National I-Lan University Ilan, Taiwan E-mail: [email protected] Te-Hsin Yang Assistant Professor Department of Forestry College of Nature Resource and Agriculture National Chung Hsing University Taichung, Taiwan E-mail: [email protected] (Received October 2011) Abstract. Ring characteristics of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla K.) plantation trees grown in Taiwan were explored. Significant differences in average ring width (RW) and ring density (RD) occurred among three tree-diameter classes and three radial stages of ring numbers. RW in the radial direction decreased from the pith outward to the bark and followed a distinctive three-stage variation pattern (juvenile, transition, and mature zones). RD in the radial direction increased slowly from the pith outward to the bark. Wider tree rings and lower density are associated with juvenile wood close to the pith, whereas narrower tree rings and higher density are typical for mature wood outward toward the bark. RD in overtopped trees was higher than that in dominant trees. However, RW in dominant trees was wider than that in intermediate and overtopped trees. Earlywood density, latewood density, maximum density, and minimum density were the most important factors determining overall RD. There was a weak relationship between RW and RD, indicating that it is unlikely for growth rates of mahogany plantation trees to have a significant impact on wood density.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanical Stress in the Inner Bark of 15 Tropical Tree Species and The
    Mechanical stress in the inner bark of 15 tropical tree species and the relationship with anatomical structure Romain Lehnebach, Léopold Doumerc, Bruno Clair, Tancrède Alméras To cite this version: Romain Lehnebach, Léopold Doumerc, Bruno Clair, Tancrède Alméras. Mechanical stress in the inner bark of 15 tropical tree species and the relationship with anatomical structure. Botany / Botanique, NRC Research Press, 2019, 10.1139/cjb-2018-0224. hal-02368075 HAL Id: hal-02368075 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02368075 Submitted on 18 Nov 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Mechanical stress in the inner bark of 15 tropical tree species and the relationship with anatomical structure1 Romain Lehnebach, Léopold Doumerc, Bruno Clair, and Tancrède Alméras Abstract: Recent studies have shown that the inner bark is implicated in the postural control of inclined tree stems through the interaction between wood radial growth and tangential expansion of a trellis fiber network in bark. Assessing the taxonomic extent of this mechanism requires a screening of the diversity in bark anatomy and mechanical stress. The mechanical state of bark was measured in 15 tropical tree species from various botanical families on vertical mature trees, and related to the anatomical structure of the bark.
    [Show full text]
  • Myroxylon Balsamum (L.) Harms
    Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms W.A. MARÍN and E.M. FLORES Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica and Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Costa Rica, Costa Rica, respectively FABACEAE (BEAN FAMILY) Myroxylon balsamum var. punctatum (Klotzsch) Harms (Notizblatt des Königlichen botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 43: 97. 1908). Myroxylon punctatum Klotzsch (Getreue Darstellung und Beschreibung der in der Arzneykunde Gebräuchlichen Gewächse 14: 12. 1843). Myroxylon toluiferum Kunth (Nova Genera et Species Plantarum 6: 375. 1824). Myroxylon toluiferum A. Rich. (Annales des Sciences Naturelles (Paris) 2: 171-172. 1824). Myrospermum toluiferum (A. Rich.) DC. (Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 2: 95. 1825) Toluifera balsamum L. (Species Plantarum 1: 384. 1753) Bálsamo, bálsamo de San Salvador, bálsamo de tolú, bálsamo del Perú, chirraca, chucte, estoraque, nabá, palo de bálsamo, quina, sándalo, yaga-guienite (Chudnoff 1984, Holdridge and Poveda 1975, Record and Hess 1949) M Myroxylon balsamum occurs from southern Mexico to the with moderate slopes with an annual rainfall above 2500 mm Amazonian region of Peru and Brazil (Berendsohn and Arani- and a temperature range of 24 to 30 °C (Croat 1978, Hold- va de González 1989, Chudnoff 1984, Ducke 1949, Holdridge ridge and Poveda 1975). and Poveda 1975, Macbride 1943, McVaugh 1987, Standley The fresh heartwood is reddish brown with an occasion- and Steyermark 1946). The tree has been planted for balsam al yellowish hue; it turns deep red or purplish upon exposure. production in West Africa, India, and Sri Lanka. Myroxylon It is fairly uniform or striped and sharply demarcated from the balsamum is an emergent tree, typical in the canopy of pristine white sapwood.
    [Show full text]
  • Radial Variations of Wood Properties of an Endangered Species, Pinus Armandii Var. Amamiana
    J Wood Sci (2008) 54:443–450 © The Japan Wood Research Society 2008 DOI 10.1007/s10086-008-0986-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Yoshitaka Kubojima · Seiichi Kanetani · Takeshi Fujiwara Youki Suzuki · Mario Tonosaki · Hiroshi Yoshimaru Hiroharu Ikegame Radial variations of wood properties of an endangered species, Pinus armandii var. amamiana Received: March 26, 2008 / Accepted: August 4, 2008 / Published online: October 10, 2008 Abstract A dead tree of Pinus armandii Franch. var. ama- Introduction miana (Koidz.) Hatusima (abbreviated to PAAm) was obtained from a natural habitat on Tanega-shima Island and various properties of its wood were investigated. Grain Pinus armandii Franch. var. amamiana (Koidz.) Hatusima angle was measured and soft X-ray analysis was undertaken (abbreviated to PAAm hereafter) is an evergreen fi ve- to obtain the density in each annual ring. Unit shrinkage needle pine species endemic to Tanega-shima and Yaku- and dynamic properties were measured by shrinkage, shima Islands, southwestern Japan.1,2 The species grows to bending, and compression tests. Variations of wood proper- 300 cm in diameter at breast height and 30 m in height. This ties in the radial direction, relationships of wood properties pine species is closely related to P. armandii var. armandii to density, and annual ring width were examined. Roughly and P. armandii var. mastersiana, which are distributed in speaking, variations in the radial direction of the grain the western part of continental China and in the highlands angle, twist angle by drying, Young’s modulus and strength of Taiwan, respectively.2 in static bending, absorbed energy in impact bending, com- The wood of PAAm has been traditionally used for pressive Young’s modulus, compressive strength, and com- making fi shing canoes and also in house construction.3,4 pressive proportional limit corresponded to the variation of However, in recent years, PAAm wood has not been used, annual ring width.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Conservation in Botanical Gardens
    AgroSMART 2019 International scientific and practical conference ``AgroSMART - Smart solutions for agriculture'' Volume 2019 Conference Paper Biodiversity Conservation in Botanical Gardens: The Collection of Pinaceae Representatives in the Greenhouses of Peter the Great Botanical Garden (BIN RAN) E M Arnautova and M A Yaroslavceva Department of Botanical garden, BIN RAN, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Abstract The work researches the role of botanical gardens in biodiversity conservation. It cites the total number of rare and endangered plants in the greenhouse collection of Peter the Great Botanical garden (BIN RAN). The greenhouse collection of Pinaceae representatives has been analysed, provided with a short description of family, genus and certain species, presented in the collection. The article highlights the importance of Pinaceae for various industries, decorative value of plants of this group, the worth of the pinaceous as having environment-improving properties. In Corresponding Author: the greenhouses there are 37 species of Pinaceae, of 7 geni, all species have a E M Arnautova conservation status: CR -- 2 species, EN -- 3 species, VU- 3 species, NT -- 4 species, LC [email protected] -- 25 species. For most species it is indicated what causes depletion. Most often it is Received: 25 October 2019 the destruction of natural habitats, uncontrolled clearance, insect invasion and diseases. Accepted: 15 November 2019 Published: 25 November 2019 Keywords: biodiversity, botanical gardens, collections of tropical and subtropical plants, Pinaceae plants, conservation status Publishing services provided by Knowledge E E M Arnautova and M A Yaroslavceva. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons 1. Introduction Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and Nowadays research of biodiversity is believed to be one of the overarching goals for redistribution provided that the original author and source are the modern world.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Commercialized in the Markets of La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology 97 (2005) 337–350 An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants commercialized in the markets of La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia Manuel J. Mac´ıaa,∗, Emilia Garc´ıab, Prem Jai Vidaurreb a Real Jard´ın Bot´anico de Madrid (CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, E-28014Madrid, Spain b Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San Andr´es (UMSA), Casilla 10077, Correo Central, Calle 27, Cota Cota, Campus Universitario, La Paz, Bolivia Received 22 September 2004; received in revised form 18 November 2004; accepted 18 November 2004 Abstract An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants marketed in La Paz and El Alto cities in the Bolivian Andes, reported medicinal information for about 129 species, belonging to 55 vascular plant families and one uncertain lichen family. The most important family was Asteraceae with 22 species, followed by Fabaceae s.l. with 11, and Solanaceae with eight. More than 90 general medicinal indications were recorded to treat a wide range of illnesses and ailments. The highest number of species and applications were reported for digestive system disorders (stomach ailments and liver problems), musculoskeletal body system (rheumatism and the complex of contusions, luxations, sprains, and swellings), kidney and other urological problems, and gynecological disorders. Some medicinal species had magic connotations, e.g. for cleaning and protection against ailments, to bring good luck, or for Andean offerings to Pachamama, ‘Mother Nature’. In some indications, the separation between medicinal and magic plants was very narrow. Most remedies were prepared from a single species, however some applications were always prepared with a mixture of plants, e.g.
    [Show full text]