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By Russell Howes the Religious Changes Made by Henry VIII and His Thomas Hodde Or Brinkworth, Became Vicar of Minister Thomas Cromwell Had Far-Reaching Results Stroud

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By Russell Howes the Religious Changes Made by Henry VIII and His Thomas Hodde Or Brinkworth, Became Vicar of Minister Thomas Cromwell Had Far-Reaching Results Stroud Reprinted from Gloucestershire History No. 17 (2003) pages 8-15 THE REFORMATION IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE PARISHES By Russell Howes The religious changes made by Henry VIII and his Thomas Hodde or Brinkworth, became vicar of minister Thomas Cromwell had far-reaching results Stroud. in the govemment of state and church. Their effect The principal church service was the mass, on church life in the parishes was limited. Henry celebrated by the parish priest every day. VIII was never a protestant; in his reign those with Parishioners also attended church when the priest protestant leanings found themselves in trouble. recited the offices of matins and evensong. Services William Tyndale the biblical translator began his were in Latin, but lay people might have primers, work in Gloucestershire, but was forced to go abroad books containing prayers for personal use, some of to continue. John Jenyver of Lechlade questioned them in English. Lady Mary Kingston of Painswick the veneration of saints, and had to do penance at the had ‘a thick book of prayers covered in gold’ (which front of the parish procession in Broughton Poggs she bequeathed to Lady Mary, the future queen), and church. He was sentenced by Edmund Bonner a ‘little book of gold with a prayer to the sacrament’. commissary of John Bell vicar general of the bishop of Worcester; both men figured later in the story of the Reformation. Sir William Tracy of Toddington made a will in protestant terms, for which, after his death, his body was bumed for heresy on the orders of the chancellor of Worcester. John Erley, who had preached protestant ideas in Bristol, came into south Gloucestershire, where Thomas Key vicar of Cold Ashton had him arrested.1 ‘i .I The establishment of the royal supremacy over the iv church in 1533 and 1534 affected priests and people in the parishes inasmuch as curates were ordered to declare it from the pulpit once a quarter. Some clergy had doubts. William Norton was in trouble for a service book from which the bishop of Rome’s name had not been removed. Martin Cave of Blockley admitted that he took the king as supreme head for fear and not in conscience.2 33% The dissolution of the monasteries between 1536 ““w'-*"°'“"' ¢,,:.<$-by}:-.'.|¢¢',".5%*'3'-::!:**'§ 4- .~.-cw.-. :1 :- ; \ -#\,<<}/ V -' , .,: J. ‘ . .' . '--:J‘Q.' ' -' . ~.'~¢».,g.‘°~’6 Q,‘ -\ . 4 A _».~ ‘fie. A-L-V-\~',-1' °.- \‘\P :-W, _ and 1541 affected parish churches because many had ms... -b. """":‘»‘.-P1‘-(>4.. _. y ~W'“"*-1...- . -f°- ' _~.- " ‘."‘.. 1* ~' W ""~<J~¢..Zw;'».>~*~-» 1-)__ " » ~.->..~Mo....,i '”’”""I 4»'~“-'-, G,‘ . -.;,qj\¢,.- qt . _ .‘ 1- ' . ' I | \ _ _ Av C? . ' v . -\'r. -'." .. +5. J"-- .'I-gm - -A‘._ A .1,1? iv A Q’ 1-O )‘. I i been appropriated by monasteries, which received Q AM.v -#0‘)! “"" /*flA Mt A '~I‘fi'___f‘-:.¥‘-.'_i“' Ij\d\,_\'_- __t 5,4-t_'; ‘I; ,.'u_" .' _‘ »._~|‘Q 4. ' J K >' i _ tithes and other income from the parishes; this ,. .0?-;_*&;|¢3\fib,;J'~'. :{t4f>~.--._V.>»_l~ :$ -(L\i" '' - \-i W‘~. _ ‘its -.. J ' \_ {A-‘J '1?) _.\‘Q:;*-J?-"'x'c'Q"'3' _‘I - A5_;.._’ ‘Iv "' -.g-i5-Q‘-v.¢:*7-.k.;,, .v . _ I-:9-¢4-‘,5 4'_ in ..w #4_‘ ___ ‘*&a.3;}§‘A,fl,¢-.._.-_ »_'. -.,4._‘*1-t","~.\j~>‘°\‘!~.»*'-, Q income now often passed into lay hands, and the ‘F: ' "<*%-''. _ ‘ ¢“a#~".+*?#‘-‘¥.Aei'_'-'_:\'_ __ . -' - .»f56 ~->-.--,.~'=F'-*‘-*'_‘ ' _\ "* ~..'~*_- Wis’?zly -\ 0- .” ."/¢__ I . A <2» ‘-‘*‘"i-;:.~‘“-i¢"i»§i~>-’;§"1““"“" . * -< -' A’ '” - A’ ".J3“‘*1e">-~-'i=é.'i¥..£<'9*" . in - .4. i. "34- _ ‘Is!or , , at 2 . - . --.1-. - ~ transfer may have occasioned disputes about ‘ - 'v '. 1- . J “: -"J" J’ - ‘\, "Q. J ';1',\js§,’-4§<'Y' ~,L»e"5i~,_F‘ '_ - ~ <3’ ~>"1’x*'-*"1'-1'? >' _f J“-/1"#?“'é payment of tithes. After the dissolution many monks "u; L:-'3'). ax‘ 3 5- ‘"9 -2 3». ' 9“ .~(,. '?;.;,fi,*;'~'§:§:f, Q‘;-.“" ) ' ' became priests in parishes, a move encouraged by Quedgeley church. The south aisle, on this side of the the govemment, which no longer had to pay them church, was the Field Court chapel. It was the scene of the pensions. Gabriel Morton, prior of St. Peter’s, dispute between Richard Barowe and Arthur Porter. Gloucester, was for a time curate of Northleach. On Sunday the mass was accompanied by greater Richard Mounslow the abbot of Winchcombe elaboration. Holy water was sprinkled on altars and became rector of Notgrove and a prebendary of congregation. Holy bread, baked and given by Gloucester Cathedral. The abbey of Cirencester was parishioners in tum (and quite distinct from Augustinian, and this order had always shared in sacramental bread), was shared among the people as parish work. William Phillippes a canon of the house a token of mutual charity. There was a procession had been vicar of Cirencester before the dissolution, around the church, and sometimes the churchyard; and continued so afterwards. Another canon, and people vied for first place in it, like Chaucer’s travellers on the road. Other remote spots with wife of Bath. The right to a place in church could chantry chapels were Gretton, Shepherdine and lead to dispute. Richard Barowe had for 17 years Tockington; chantry chapels at Oldbury-on-Sevem come to Quedgeley church, where he had a pew in and Hillesley later became parish churches. A less the chapel of Our Lady, now the south aisle. Barowe expensive way of being remembered in prayers was held the manor of Field Court, which was near to give land to pay for candles; such land was Quedgeley church, but in the parish of Hardwicke. commonly known as lampland. Lamphill Wood at In 1533 Arthur Porter, who leased (and subsequently Miserden once maintained a light in the parish acquired) the manor of Quedgeley from Llanthony church; similar names are recorded elsewhere, for Priory, of which he was under-steward, tried to drive example Lampland at Tidenham and Lamp Acre at out Barowe. Porter, Nicholas Amold, his brother-in- Toddington.’ law, and others came into the church with swords Chantry priests provided additional clergy for a and bucklers, as the priest was saying matins, and parish; the foundation sometimes laid it down that ‘plucked’ Barowe from his place. The quarrel ended the chantry priest should sing divine service in the in the court of star chamber. parish church, as in the chantries of Our Lady at Chantries were an integral part of parish life and Minchinhampton, and of the Holy Trinity and worship. A chantry was an endowment which -__.-1;»:-.:£g.f J {fig maintained a priest to say mass after their deaths for é W ti " the founder, his family and friends. Some chantries commemorated important people: William de Syde, chaplain to Thomas III Lord Berkeley, in 1343 founded chantries for his master and a long list of other people at Syde, Cambridge, Newport and Wortley; Katherine, Lord Berkeley’s widow, founded a chantry at Berkeley, besides a grammar school at Wotton-under-Edge, whose master was .~\' also a chantry priest. But most chantries were founded by ordinary people; the commissioners who surveyed chantries in 1548 found that sometimes the name of the founder could not be remembered. The chantry mass was usually celebrated at a Cirencester church. The Garstang chantrv chaoel separate altar, with its own dedication, in the parish church. For example, in St. John’s church Robert Ricard at Cirencester. The chantry priest was Gloucester were chantries of the Rood, Our Lady appointed to say the morrow mass in the early and St. Anne. In Gloucester there were a Chamel moming at Littledean and Wotton-under-Edge. The service at St. Katherine’s church, a Jesus service, assistance of two chantry priests was said to be probably involving devotion to the Sacred Heart of necessary at St. Mary de Lode in Gloucester because Jesus, at Holy Trinity church, and a Rood service at of the multitude of ‘houseling people’ or St. Nicholas’s church. At Newent a chantry had a communicants; similarly three chantry priests were separate chapel in the churchyard. In Tewkesbury needed at Cirencester because of the greatness of the Abbey chantry chapels were part of the tombs of parish. In the Forest of Dean the chantry priest of noble people.4 Our Lady’s service at Newland had to go from one Some chantries had a separate chapel some distance smith to another and from one mining pit to another, from the parish church, and these provided worship twice a week, ‘to say the gospel’. Several chantries for people in remote parts of the parish. Examples required the priest to teach children; this was so at were the Berkeley chantries at Cambridge, Newport Tewkesbury, Cirencester, St. Briavels, and and Wortley; the priest at Newport was to celebrate Katherine Lady Berkeley’s foundation at Wotton- two masses each moming for the benefit of under-Edge. Chantry priests often had houses provided by the Rawlins, curate of Trinity church in Gloucester, foundation, and these were granted away when removed for causing sedition and division; and he chantries were dissolved. Chapel houses were recorded at Wortley and Shepherdine, and at North Nibley, where its successor is still in the churchyard. The house of Lady Berkeley’s chantry at Berkeley was presumably on the site of Edward Jenner’s house, ‘The Chantry’, which is now a museum. Where several chantry priests lived together the house was usually called a college; at Gloucester there were ‘Graslane College’, ‘Le Colledge’ in Hare Lane and ‘Trinity College’. The certificates of 1548 recorded 94 chantries in Gloucestershire, served by 79 priests in 52 parishes.‘ In 1535 Hugh Latimer, one of the celebrated reformers, became bishop of Worcester, in which diocese Gloucester lay.
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