DOCSLIB.ORG

A Commentary on England's Catholic Counter

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Commentary on England's Catholic Counter 1 “WHAT CEREMONY ELSE”? A COMMENTARY ON ENGLAND’S CATHOLIC COUNTER- REFORMATION Student: Antony Conlon Institute: Heythrop College, University of London. Degree: Ph D. 2 I declare that the research presented in this thesis is my own work. Signed: Date: 3 Abstract of Thesis Against a background of destroyed church interiors, alienation of their property, abolition of the Mass, economic failures, and political unrest, Mary Tudor and Cardinal Pole attempted to revive the lost world of Catholic England, ruthlessly destroyed during the previous twenty years. For Mary and Pole, the aims were imperative and never in any doubt. It reflected their belief that not only had the country lost its moral and religious compass; its identity as a nation had been threatened, deprived of the ecclesial and cultural sources from which its unity and integrity as a state had developed. History has often judged them harshly for the manner in which they set about their task. The historical sources that provide details of these years, both official and polemical, are sometimes ambivalent in assessment of motives as well as failure or success. They are either the record of a regime desperately and vainly enforcing an outmoded and alien religious settlement on an increasingly hostile population, or an account of the painful and painstaking birth pangs of a re-invigorated Catholicism, opposed by a small but determined and well- organised group. Opponents could be seen as typical of a general mood of rejection and growing revulsion at returning Catholic practice. It is also possible to note them as isolated examples of revolt by a minority favouring the new religion, against the generally accepted and increasingly successful revival of the traditional faith. The Marian religious project is defensible, as not only ultimately viable but also valid in terms of prosecution and planning for the time and place. Engaging with this Herculean task of reform, recovery and revival was an intelligentsia of spiritually innovative individuals, led by Cardinal Pole. Their inspiration and the dynamic of their agenda is ideologically linked to the nascent movement of reform begun in the pontificate of Paul III (1534-1550). Crucial to the Catholic revival in England was re- construction both materially and metaphysically of aspects of religion denounced or destroyed by the changes of Henry VIII and Edward VI. Properly equipped worship; the centrality of the Holy Eucharist; adequate priestly formation; catechetical instruction; clerical authority and Papal Supremacy were all emphasised and included in long-term plans for future development. The lost aspects of piety would all flow from these mainsprings of orthodoxy. All of these prerequisites formed elementary props in the strategies for reform of the Church worldwide during the latter half of the sixteenth century. The indigenous Catholic revival in Marian England lit a torch that led the way to this later initiative. Most of the observable results of what was achieved have long since been destroyed. Only the textual records reveal the extent of that loss. The long held historical narrative that defined Mary’s reign as a tyrannical imposition of an alien religion upon the English and Welsh has been countered by another more evidence-based, in recent decades. This study is another contribution to that debate. 4 Table of Contents Page no. Title Page: 1 Signed declaration of authorship: 2 Abstract of Thesis: 3 Table of Contents: 4 Acknowledgements: 6 Note on the text: 6 Bibliography: 7 Abbreviations: 15 Chapter I: A House Divided against Itself 16 1. A Bankrupt Inheritance 2. Perception and Potential 28 3. Images of a Catholic Queen 45 Chapter II: Religious Reaction to a Catholic Ruler 61 1. “The Mass is very rife”. 5 2. “For the good of the Kingdom and to bring it fully to true religion”. 97 Chapter III: The Road to Reunion and Revival 112 1. “Peter ceases not to knock”. 2. “De ecclesia reformanda”. 136 3. Grandeur and Obedience. 147 Chapter IV: Resistance and Retribution 164 1. “The plague of God justly come upon us”. 2. “The English Athaliah” 207 Chapter V: Restoration and Recovery 225 1. “De reformatione ecclesiae”. 2. “Our Jewel, our joy, our Judith”. 260 Chapter VI: Hostage to Fortune 286 1. “Magno dolore affecti sumus”. 2. “Veritas temporis filia”. 314 Appendix: Illustrations from Queen Mary’s Manual of Prayer. 332 6 Acknowledgements First of all, many and heartfelt thanks to my late supervisor Dr Maria Dowling, who had confidence in me from the beginning and despite her failing health made efforts to continue supportive and constructive throughout. Dr Laurence Hemming was also most encouraging during his time at Heythrop. Dr Richard Price of Heythrop College has been helpful and instructive during my time of research and writing. I wish to express grateful thanks for all their help and for the facilities provided by the librarians, archivists and other staff at the Institute of Historical Research, The Bodleian Library, The British Library, The Hampshire Records Office, The Berkshire Record Office, The Westminster Diocesan Archives, The Library of Westminster Cathedral, The Library of Westminster Abbey and the Archives of Winchester College. The Bibliotheca of the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, and the constructive criticisms offered me by Professor Eamon Duffy and Dr Michael Questier have been immensely helpful in helping to arrive at a greater depth of analysis and research. Grateful thanks are due also to proof-readers, Ken MacNab, Jack Eyston and Catherine Bushell and lately Dr Andrew Nash. The assistance of the staff of the IT Department of the Oratory School, Woodcote, has been invaluable. Note on the text: Modern spelling has been used for all quotes from printed sources. 7 Bibliography Unpublished Primary Sources Bodleian Library Microfilm of Vatican Library MS Vat Lat 5968 British Library Cotton MS, Titus, C.VII, fol. 120 Cotton MS, Titus B II, fol. 160 Harleian MS, 284, fols.12l-128r Harleian MS, 444, fol. 27 Lansdowne MS. 1236, fol. 28 Lansdowne MS. 102, fol. 2 Lansdowne MS. 96, fol. 25 Additional MS 41577, fols. 161- 166 Guildhall Library Bishop Bonner’s Register, fol. 367 Mercers Company Acts of Court, ii, fol. 264r National Archives S.P. 14/190 E 164/ 31 Vatican Archives Vat Lat 5968 Westminster Cathedral Library Treasury MS no. 7 Berkshire Record Office, Microfilm The Churchwardens’ Accounts of St Lawrence, Reading, 1410- D.P. 97/5/2. Unpublished University Thesis Martin, J., ‘The People of Reading and the Reformation’ , unpublished PhD thesis, Reading University, 1987 Unpublished Monograph Typescript MS Field, C., The Province of Canter- bury and the Elizabethan Settlement (Sussex,1972). Published Primary Sources Arber, E., ed., A Transcript of the Registers of the Company of Stationers of London (1154-1649 AD), 3 vols (London, 1875). Reprint, Gloucester, Mass., 1967. Bergenroth, G.A., et.al., ed., Calendar of Letters, Despatches and State Papers Relating to the Negotiations between England and Spain, 13 vols. (London, 1862- 1954). Bonner, E., A Profitable and Necessarye Doctrine with Certayne Homeleyes Adioneyed Thereunto (London, 1555), RSTC 3283.3. Bray, G., ed., Records of Convocation, Canterbury, 1509 – 1603, vol. VII (London, 2003). 8 Brown, R. et al., Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts relating to English Affairs, existing in the Archives and Collections of Venice, 14 vols. (London, 1864- 1908). Cabrera de Cordoba, L., Historia de Felipe II, Rey de España, ed., Millán, J.M. and De Carlos Morales, C.J., 4 vols. (Salamanca, 1998). Calendar of Patent Rolls in the Public Record Office (London, 1891-) Clifford, H., The Life of Jane Dormer, Duchess of Feria, ed. Estcourt, C. and Stevenson, J. (London, 1887). Cobbett, W. and Howell, T.B., eds., A Complete Collection of State Trials, 42 vols. (London, 1816 -1898). Dassent, J.R., Acts of the Privy Council of England, vols. I-IX (London, 1890-1907). Foxe, J., Acts and Monuments; The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO (HRI Online Publications, Sheffield, 2011). Available from http / / www.johnfoxe.org. [Accessed. 9.09.2012]. Dickinson, F.H., ed., Missale ad usum insignis et praeclarae ecclesiae Sarum (Bruntisland, 1861). Gary, N.P., and A.G., Churchwardens’ Accounts of St Mary’s Reading (Reading, 1893). Guaras, A., The accession of Queen Mary, ed., Garnett, R. (London, 1892). Guilding, J.M., ed., Dairy of the Corporation of Reading: Henry VI to Elizabeth, 1431-1603 (London, 1892). Hanham, J., The Churchwardens’ Accounts of Ashburton in Devon, 1479-1580, Cornwall Record Society, N.S., 15 (Torquay, 1970). Harpsfield, N., The life and death of Sir Thomas Moore, knight, sometimes Lord high chancellor of England, ed., Hitchcock, E.V. and Chambers, R.W. (London, 1932) Hogarde, M., Displaying of the Protestants with a Description of Divers of their Abuses (London, 1556), RSTC 13557. Holland, W., CRATFIELD, A Transcript of the Accounts of the Parish from AD 1490 to AD 1642, with notes, Raven, J.J. (London, 1905). Howse, V.M., Stanford-in-the-Vale Churchwardens’ Accounts, 1552-1725. (Published privately, 1987). Journal of the House of Commons, 1547–1628-29. Hughes, P., and Larkin, J.F., Tudor Royal Proclamations (New Haven, 1964-1969). Kirk, R.E.G., and E.F., Returns of the Aliens in the City and Suburbs of London, 1523- 1571, vol X, I, The Huguenot Society of London (Aberdeen, 1900), Knighton, C.S., ed., Calendar of Sate Papers, Domestic Series of the Reign of Mary I, 1553-1558 (London, 1998). Luders, A., et. al., ed., The Statutes of the Realm, 11 vols (London, 1810– 1828). MacCulloch, D., ed., ‘The Vitae Mariae Angliae Regina of Robert Wingfield of Brantham’, in Camden Miscellany XXVIII ,Camden Society (London 2003). Malfatti, C.V., ed., The Accession, Coronation and Marriage of Mary Tudor as Related in Four Manuscripts of the Escorial (Barcelona, 1956).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Original Lists of Persons of Quality, Emigrants, Religious Exiles, Political
    Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924096785278 In compliance with current copyright law, Cornell University Library produced this replacement volume on paper that meets the ANSI Standard Z39.48-1992 to replace the irreparably deteriorated original. 2003 H^^r-h- CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE : ; rigmal ^ist0 OF PERSONS OF QUALITY; EMIGRANTS ; RELIGIOUS EXILES ; POLITICAL REBELS SERVING MEN SOLD FOR A TERM OF YEARS ; APPRENTICES CHILDREN STOLEN; MAIDENS PRESSED; AND OTHERS WHO WENT FROM GREAT BRITAIN TO THE AMERICAN PLANTATIONS 1600- I 700. WITH THEIR AGES, THE LOCALITIES WHERE THEY FORMERLY LIVED IN THE MOTHER COUNTRY, THE NAMES OF THE SHIPS IN WHICH THEY EMBARKED, AND OTHER INTERESTING PARTICULARS. FROM MSS. PRESERVED IN THE STATE PAPER DEPARTMENT OF HER MAJESTY'S PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE, ENGLAND. EDITED BY JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN. L n D n CHATTO AND WINDUS, PUBLISHERS. 1874, THE ORIGINAL LISTS. 1o ihi ^zmhcxs of the GENEALOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETIES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THIS COLLECTION OF THE NAMES OF THE EMIGRANT ANCESTORS OF MANY THOUSANDS OF AMERICAN FAMILIES, IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED PY THE EDITOR, JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN. CONTENTS. Register of the Names of all the Passengers from London during One Whole Year, ending Christmas, 1635 33, HS 1 the Ship Bonavatture via CONTENTS. In the Ship Defence.. E. Bostocke, Master 89, 91, 98, 99, 100, loi, 105, lo6 Blessing .
    [Show full text]
  • Thames Valley Papists from Reformation to Emancipation 1534 - 1829
    Thames Valley Papists From Reformation to Emancipation 1534 - 1829 Tony Hadland Copyright © 1992 & 2004 by Tony Hadland All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without prior permission in writing from the publisher and author. The moral right of Tony Hadland to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 0 9547547 0 0 First edition published as a hardback by Tony Hadland in 1992. This new edition published in soft cover in April 2004 by The Mapledurham 1997 Trust, Mapledurham HOUSE, Reading, RG4 7TR. Pre-press and design by Tony Hadland E-mail: [email protected] Printed by Antony Rowe Limited, 2 Whittle Drive, Highfield Industrial Estate, Eastbourne, East Sussex, BN23 6QT. E-mail: [email protected] While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, neither the author nor the publisher can be held responsible for any loss or inconvenience arising from errors contained in this work. Feedback from readers on points of accuracy will be welcomed and should be e-mailed to [email protected] or mailed to the author via the publisher. Front cover: Mapledurham House, front elevation. Back cover: Mapledurham House, as seen from the Thames. A high gable end, clad in reflective oyster shells, indicated a safe house for Catholics.
    [Show full text]
  • The Beginnings of English Protestantism
    THE BEGINNINGS OF ENGLISH PROTESTANTISM PETER MARSHALL ALEC RYRIE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge ,UK West th Street, New York, -, USA Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, , Australia Ruiz de Alarc´on , Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town , South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C Cambridge University Press This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeface Baskerville Monotype /. pt. System LATEX ε [TB] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library hardback paperback Contents List of illustrations page ix Notes on contributors x List of abbreviations xi Introduction: Protestantisms and their beginnings Peter Marshall and Alec Ryrie Evangelical conversion in the reign of Henry VIII Peter Marshall The friars in the English Reformation Richard Rex Clement Armstrong and the godly commonwealth: radical religion in early Tudor England Ethan H. Shagan Counting sheep, counting shepherds: the problem of allegiance in the English Reformation Alec Ryrie Sanctified by the believing spouse: women, men and the marital yoke in the early Reformation Susan Wabuda Dissenters from a dissenting Church: the challenge of the Freewillers – Thomas Freeman Printing and the Reformation: the English exception Andrew Pettegree vii viii Contents John Day: master printer of the English Reformation John N. King Night schools, conventicles and churches: continuities and discontinuities in early Protestant ecclesiology Patrick Collinson Index Illustrations Coat of arms of Catherine Brandon, duchess of Suffolk.
    [Show full text]
  • The Archdeacon's Visitation and Admission of Churchwardens 2021
    The Archdeacon’s Visitation and Admission of Churchwardens 2021 Welcome God of power, through your Spirit you promote peace and reconciliation, partnership and encouragement. May the boldness of your Spirit transform us, the gentleness of your Spirit lead us, the gifts of your Spirit equip us, to serve and worship you now and always. Amen. Bible Reading The Archdeacon’s Charge The Archdeacon addresses the Churchwardens Do you believe that God has called you to serve as Churchwarden of your parish? I believe that God has called me. Will you trust in God for strength to fulfil the task to which he has called you? With the help of God, I will. Will you give yourself in love to serve the people of your parish, the members of your congregation and the Bishop of Peterborough? With the help of God, I will. Churchwardens are officers of the Bishop and lay leaders of the parish. Your role, by Canon Law, is to be foremost in representing the laity and in co-operating with the incumbent; by example and precept to encourage parishioners in the practice of true religion; and to promote peace and unity among them. With the help of God, and in collaboration with all the baptised, you are called to holiness of life, to be persons of integrity, recognising your accountability for the tasks entrusted to you. I therefore ask you to make your declaration, before God and his Church. Churchwardens I do solemnly and sincerely declare before God and his people that I will faithfully and diligently discharge the duties of my office as Churchwarden to the parish in which I have been duly elected, calling at all times on the strength that God gives me.
    [Show full text]
  • I 'A MAN MOSTE MEETE': a NATIONWIDE SURVEY OF
    'A MAN MOSTE MEETE': A NATIONWIDE SURVEY OF JUSTICES OF THE PEACE IN MID-TUDOR ENGLAND, 1547-1582 _____________ A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History University of Houston _____________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _____________ By Clarissa Elisabeth Hinojosa May 2014 i 'A MAN MOSTE MEETE': A NATIONWIDE SURVEY OF JUSTICES OF THE PEACE IN MID-TUDOR ENGLAND, 1547-1582 _____________ An Abstract of a Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History University of Houston _____________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _____________ By Clarissa Elisabeth Hinojosa May 2014 ii ABSTRACT This dissertation is a national study of English justices of the peace (JPs) in the mid- Tudor era. It incorporates comparable data from the reigns of Edward VI, Mary I, and the Elizabeth I. Much of the analysis is quantitative in nature: chapters compare the appointments of justices of the peace during the reigns of Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I, and reveal that purges of the commissions of the peace were far more common than is generally believed. Furthermore, purges appear to have been religiously- based, especially during the reign of Elizabeth I. There is a gap in the quantitative data beginning in 1569, only eleven years into Elizabeth I’s reign, which continues until 1584. In an effort to compensate for the loss of quantitative data, this dissertation analyzes a different primary source, William Lambarde’s guidebook for JPs, Eirenarcha. The fourth chapter makes particular use of Eirenarcha, exploring required duties both in and out of session, what technical and personal qualities were expected of JPs, and how well they lived up to them.
    [Show full text]
  • DISSERTATION-Submission Reformatted
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Dilemma of Obedience: Persecution, Dissimulation, and Memory in Early Modern England, 1553-1603 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5tv2w736 Author Harkins, Robert Lee Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Dilemma of Obedience: Persecution, Dissimulation, and Memory in Early Modern England, 1553-1603 By Robert Lee Harkins A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Ethan Shagan, Chair Professor Jonathan Sheehan Professor David Bates Fall 2013 © Robert Lee Harkins 2013 All Rights Reserved 1 Abstract The Dilemma of Obedience: Persecution, Dissimulation, and Memory in Early Modern England, 1553-1603 by Robert Lee Harkins Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Ethan Shagan, Chair This study examines the problem of religious and political obedience in early modern England. Drawing upon extensive manuscript research, it focuses on the reign of Mary I (1553-1558), when the official return to Roman Catholicism was accompanied by the prosecution of Protestants for heresy, and the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603), when the state religion again shifted to Protestantism. I argue that the cognitive dissonance created by these seesaw changes of official doctrine necessitated a society in which religious mutability became standard operating procedure. For most early modern men and women it was impossible to navigate between the competing and contradictory dictates of Tudor religion and politics without conforming, dissimulating, or changing important points of conscience and belief.
    [Show full text]
  • Howard J. Garber Letter Collection This Collection Was the Gift of Howard J
    Howard J. Garber Letter Collection This collection was the gift of Howard J. Garber to Case Western Reserve University from 1979 to 1993. Dr. Howard Garber, who donated the materials in the Howard J. Garber Manuscript Collection, is a former Clevelander and alumnus of Case Western Reserve University. Between 1979 and 1993, Dr. Garber donated over 2,000 autograph letters, documents and books to the Department of Special Collections. Dr. Garber's interest in history, particularly British royalty led to his affinity for collecting manuscripts. The collection focuses primarily on political, historical and literary figures in Great Britain and includes signatures of all the Prime Ministers and First Lords of the Treasury. Many interesting items can be found in the collection, including letters from Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Robert Browning Thomas Hardy, Queen Victoria, Prince Albert, King George III, and Virginia Woolf. Descriptions of the Garber Collection books containing autographs and tipped-in letters can be found in the online catalog. Box 1 [oversize location noted in description] Abbott, Charles (1762-1832) English Jurist. • ALS, 1 p., n.d., n.p., to ? A'Beckett, Gilbert A. (1811-1856) Comic Writer. • ALS, 3p., April 7, 1848, Mount Temple, to Morris Barnett. Abercrombie, Lascelles. (1881-1938) Poet and Literary Critic. • A.L.S., 1 p., March 5, n.y., Sheffield, to M----? & Hughes. Aberdeen, George Hamilton Gordon (1784-1860) British Prime Minister. • ALS, 1 p., June 8, 1827, n.p., to Augustous John Fischer. • ANS, 1 p., August 9, 1839, n.p., to Mr. Wright. • ALS, 1 p., January 10, 1853, London, to Cosmos Innes.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 the Seven Deadly Sins</Em>
    Early Theatre 10.1 (2007) ROBERT HORNBACK The Reasons of Misrule Revisited: Evangelical Appropriations of Carnival in Tudor Revels Undoubtedly the most arresting Tudor likeness in the National Portrait Gallery, London, is William Scrots’s anamorphosis (NPG1299). As if mod- eled after a funhouse mirror reflection, this colorful oil on panel painting depicts within a stretched oblong, framed within a thin horizontal rectangle, the profile of a child with red hair and a head far wider than it is tall; measur- ing 63 inches x 16 ¾ inches, the portrait itself is, the Gallery website reports, its ‘squattest’ (‘nearly 4 times wider than it is high’). Its short-lived sitter’s nose juts out, Pinocchio-like, under a low bump of overhanging brow, as the chin recedes cartoonishly under a marked overbite. The subject thus seems to prefigure the whimsical grotesques of Inigo Jones’s antimasques decades later rather than to depict, as it does, the heir apparent of Henry VIII. Such is underrated Flemish master Scrots’s tour de force portrait of a nine-year-old Prince Edward in 1546, a year before his accession. As the NPG website ex- plains, ‘[Edward] is shown in distorted perspective (anamorphosis) …. When viewed from the right,’ however, ie, from a small cut-out in that side of the frame, he can be ‘seen in correct perspective’.1 I want to suggest that this de- lightful anamorphic image, coupled with the Gallery’s dry commentary, pro- vides an ironic but apt metaphor for the critical tradition addressing Edward’s reign and its theatrical spectacle: only when viewed from a one-sided point of view – in hindsight, from the anachronistic vantage point of an Anglo-Amer- ican tradition inflected by subsequent protestantism – can the boy king, his often riotous court spectacle, and mid-Tudor evangelicals in general be made to resemble a ‘correct’ portrait of the protestant sobriety, indeed the dour puritanism, of later generations.
    [Show full text]
  • Elisabeth Parr's Renaissance at the Mid-Tudor Court
    Early Modern Women: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2013, vol. 8 Elisabeth Parr’s Renaissance at the Mid-Tudor Court Helen Graham-Matheson oan Kelly’s ground-breaking article, “Did Women Have a Renaissance?” Jcenters on four criteria for ascertaining the “relative contraction (or expansion) of the powers of Renaissance women”: women’s economic, political, cultural roles and the ideology about women across the mid- Tudor period. Focusing particularly on cultural and political roles, this essay applies Kelly’s criteria to Elisabeth Parr née Brooke, Marchioness of Northampton (1526–1565) and sister-in-law of Katherine Parr, Henry VIII’s last wife, whose controversial court career evinces women’s lived experience and their contemporary political importance across the mid- Tudor courts of Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I. By taking each reign in isolation, this essay follows Kelly’s call to question “accepted schemes of periodization” and reassesses whether “events that further the historical development of men, liberating them from natural, social, or ideological constraints, have quite different, even opposite, effects upon women.”1 The key point of departure of my essay from Kelly’s argument is that she states that women’s involvement in the public sphere and politics lessened in the Italian cinquecento, whereas my findings suggest that in England women such as Elisabeth Parr increasingly involved themselves in the public world of court politics. According to Kelly, 1 Joan Kelly, ”Did Women Have a Renaissance?” Feminism and Renaissance Studies, ed. L. Hutson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 21. 289 290 EMWJ 2013, vol. 8 Helen Graham-Matheson [n]oblewomen .
    [Show full text]
  • Marko Robert-Eng
    THE ONE VISIBLE DIVINELY INSTITUTED CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THE CHALLENGES OF UNITY Robert P. Marko, Ph.D., 2015-16 Fulbright Scholar, Ukrainian Catholic Unversity Abstract Unlike the Protestant reformers of the sixteenth century, such as John Calvin, who saw the Church of Rome as a mere “vestige” or ruin of the Church of Christ, Catholicism has maintained that the concrete historical visible reality of the Church of Christ is found in the Catholic Church. In the words of Robert Bellarmine: "the Church is only one, and not two; and that one and true [Church] is the assembly of men (women) gathered in the profession of the same Christian faith, and in the communion of the same sacraments, under the reign of legitimate pastors, and especially of the one vicar of Christ on earth, the Roman Pontiff." In the visible Catholic Church, there is fullness of doctrine, true sacraments and legitimate authority. The official decrees of Vatican II, specifically Lumen Gentium and Unitatis Redintegratio continue the Bellarmine definition of Church that was popularized in Catholic catechesis for centuries. However, the decrees reflect a significant change in tone and recognize elements of the Church of Christ outside of full incorporation in Catholicism. This understanding of Church as a visible, historical reality "subsisting" in the Catholic Church is not without challenges to full communion of Christians. Key words: This short article deals with the classic definition of the Church, found in the Catholic or Counter Reformation theologian and cardinal, Robert Bellarmine in his Disputations on the Controversies of the Christian Faith, Vol II and how that definition of the visible, institutional nature of the community of believers is the official position of Catholicism.
    [Show full text]
  • Gilpin Family Rich.Ard De Gylpyn Joseph Gilpin The
    THE GILPIN FAMILY FROM RICH.ARD DE GYLPYN IN 1206 IN A LINE TO JOSEPH GILPIN THE EMIGRANT TO AMERICA AND SOMETHING OF THE KENTUCKY GILPINS AND THEIR DESCENDANTS To 1916 Copyrighted in 1927 by Geor(Je Gilpin Perkins PRESS OF W, F- ROBERTS COMPANY WASHJNGTON, D, C. THE KENTUCKY GILPINS By GEORGE GILPIN PERKINS HIS genealogical study of the Gilpin families, covering the period of twenty generations prior to the Gil­ pin emigration to Kentucky, is gathered solely, so far as the simple line of descent goes, from an elaborate parchment pedi­ gree chart taken from the papers of Joshua Gilpin, Esquire, by his brother, Thomas Gilpin, Philadelphia, March, 1845, and in part, textu­ ally, from the work: by Dr. Joseph Elliott Gilpin, Baltimore, 1897, whose father and the Kentucky emigrants were brothers. His authority was a Genealogical Chart accompanying a manuscript published 1879 by the Cumberland and West­ moreland Antiquarian and Archreological Society of England entitled "Memoirs of Dr. Richard Gilpin of Scaleby Castle in Cumberland, written in the year 1791 by the Rev. William Gilpin, Vicar of Boldre, together with an account of the author by himself; and a pedigree of the Gilpin family." [ 5 ] T H E KENTUCKY GILPINS Richard de Gylpyn, the first of the name of whom there is authentic knowledge, was a scholar. He gave the family history a vigorous beginning, by becoming the Secretary and Adviser of the Baron of Kendal, who was unlearned, as were many in that day of superstition and igno­ rance, and accompanying him to Runnemede, where the Barons of England, after previous long parleys with the unscrupulous and tyrannical King John, forced him to grant to his oppressed people Magna Charta and, themselves, voluntarily lifted from their dependants many feudal op­ pressions.
    [Show full text]
  • DISSERTATION-Submission Reformatted
    The Dilemma of Obedience: Persecution, Dissimulation, and Memory in Early Modern England, 1553-1603 By Robert Lee Harkins A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Ethan Shagan, Chair Professor Jonathan Sheehan Professor David Bates Fall 2013 © Robert Lee Harkins 2013 All Rights Reserved 1 Abstract The Dilemma of Obedience: Persecution, Dissimulation, and Memory in Early Modern England, 1553-1603 by Robert Lee Harkins Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Ethan Shagan, Chair This study examines the problem of religious and political obedience in early modern England. Drawing upon extensive manuscript research, it focuses on the reign of Mary I (1553-1558), when the official return to Roman Catholicism was accompanied by the prosecution of Protestants for heresy, and the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603), when the state religion again shifted to Protestantism. I argue that the cognitive dissonance created by these seesaw changes of official doctrine necessitated a society in which religious mutability became standard operating procedure. For most early modern men and women it was impossible to navigate between the competing and contradictory dictates of Tudor religion and politics without conforming, dissimulating, or changing important points of conscience and belief. Although early modern theologians and polemicists widely declared religious conformists to be shameless apostates, when we examine specific cases in context it becomes apparent that most individuals found ways to positively rationalize and justify their respective actions. This fraught history continued to have long-term effects on England’s religious, political, and intellectual culture.
    [Show full text]