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Draft Report on Feasibility and Status of Implementation at National Level Of Evaluation d’activités en matière de réduction des risques de catastrophes au Laos financées par le MAEE Luxembourg et mises en œuvre par CARE in Luxembourg, Fondation CARITAS Luxembourg et la Croix-Rouge Luxembourgeoise, de 2011-2014 Rapport Final EVAL/2015/01 4 Décembre 2015 En 2015, la Direction de la Coopération au développement et de l’action humanitaire du Ministère des Affaires étrangères et européennes a commandé une évaluation indépendante d’activités en matière de réduction des risques de catastrophes au Laos financées par le MAEE Luxembourg et mises en œuvre par trois ONG luxembourgeoises. L'évaluation a été réalisée par ARTEMIS Information Management S.A. Les principaux résultats de cette évaluation (résumé exécutif) sont publiés par le Ministère. Les observations, appréciations et recommandations exprimées dans ce document représentent les points de vue des évaluateurs et ne reflètent pas nécessairement ceux du Ministère. Artemis Information Management S.A. 1, rue Bender L-1229 Luxembourg Capital: EUR 93 750 RCS Luxembourg B36 326 - TVA: LU 18747036 Tel: +352 45 91 45 - 1 Bank Account: BIL LU89 0027 1936 4368 6600 Fax: +352 45 91 45- 71 BGL-BNP PARISPAS LU42 0030 5011 9934 0000 Email: [email protected] NGOS EVALUATION – EVAL/2015/01 RAPPORT FINAL EVALUATION DES ACTIVITES DE RRC AU LAOS DE 3 ONG LUXEMBOURGEOISES - MAEE Table des matières Tableau des abbréviations ............................................................................................................ 5 Résumé excutif ............................................................................................................................ 6 Executive summary .................................................................................................................... 10 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 14 1.1 Etapes des travaux et contenu du rapport ......................................................................... 14 1.2 Généralités sur le Laos ........................................................................................................ 15 2 Les désastres en LAO PDR : nature et évolution récente ........................................................ 17 2.1 Contexte général ................................................................................................................. 17 2.2 Evolution récente ................................................................................................................ 19 2.3 Récurrence et prévision ...................................................................................................... 20 3 Stratégie nationale de gestion des risques liés aux catastrophes ........................................... 23 3.1 Articulation de la stratégie ................................................................................................. 23 3.2 Situation actuelle ................................................................................................................ 24 3.3 En conclusion sur le contexte local ..................................................................................... 25 4 Analyse comparative et synthèse des interventions des trois ONG ........................................ 27 4.1 Les projets ........................................................................................................................... 27 4.2 Tableau comparatif des principales caractéristiques des projets ...................................... 29 4.3 Tableaux de synthèse par ONG........................................................................................... 32 4.3.1 Croix Rouge luxembourgeoise – Province de Khammouane ...................................... 32 4.3.2 Care in Luxembourg – Province de Sekong ................................................................. 34 4.3.3 4.3.3 Caritas Luxembourg – province de Xiengkhaoung ............................................ 36 5 Questions d’intérêt commun aux trois ONG .......................................................................... 38 5.1 Questions liées à la participation et à l’appropriation ....................................................... 38 5.1.1 Que faire lorsque votre homologue au niveau des autorités ou de la société civile est faible ou que vous n'avez pas d'homologue ? ............................................................................ 38 5.1.2 Que faire lorsque la société civile n'est pas organisée librement et comment identifier un partenaire fiable dans ce contexte ? ..................................................................... 40 Artemis Information Management S.A. Page 2 of 92 Information Technology - Statistical and Economic Studies NGOS EVALUATION – EVAL/2015/01 RAPPORT FINAL EVALUATION DES ACTIVITES DE RRC AU LAOS DE 3 ONG LUXEMBOURGEOISES - MAEE 5.1.3 Comment assurer la participation des districts afin de garantir la durabilité des interventions, même après la fin d'un projet, quand plus aucune indemnité journalière ne peut être versée ? ....................................................................................................................... 42 5.2 Questions liées à la mise en œuvre des projets ................................................................. 42 5.2.1 Quelles solutions sont envisageables pour faciliter/accélérer la signature de « mémorandum of Understanding (MoU)» avec les autorités locales pour les petits projets ? 42 5.2.2 Il existe des besoins communs en termes d'analyse préalable des contextes locaux et de suivi et d'évaluation. Serait-il possible de mutualiser certains efforts ? ............................... 43 5.2.3 Comment mesurer efficacement les effets des interventions ? ................................. 44 5.2.4 Comment éviter les chevauchements des financements pour les projets déployés par un réseau de partenariats ? ........................................................................................................ 44 5.3 Questions liées à la coordination ........................................................................................ 45 5.3.1 Comment améliorer la coordination entre les acteurs du développement au niveau local ? 45 5.3.2 Comment développer une approche plus coordonnée entre les différents segments de coopération luxembourgeoise afin d'inciter le gouvernement à se pencher sur des questions de développement cruciales affectant l'efficacité des projets de RRC ? ................... 45 5.4 Autres questions ................................................................................................................. 46 5.4.1 Comment être informé des grands projets d’infrastructures privés (construction de barrages, transferts fonciers, routes,…) et atténuer/gérer les répercussions de ces projets sur leur environnement socio-économique ? .................................................................................. 46 5.4.2 Comment appuyer les autorités du district dans la gestion des conséquences des déplacements de populations en sachant que ces phénomènes pourront avoir des répercussions sur les projets ? ................................................................................................... 47 6 Strategie Aide Humanitaire du MAEE – Son application, ses effets ........................................ 48 6.1 Grille d’analyse du document « stratégie et orientations » de l’Aide Humanitaire du Luxembourg (2013) ........................................................................................................................ 48 6.2 La logique A, B, C de la grille aide humanitaire et les projets............................................. 49 6.3 Place de la RRC .................................................................................................................... 50 6.4 Remarques sur les thèmes transversaux ............................................................................ 50 7 Conclusions et recommandations ......................................................................................... 52 7.1 Quelques questions centrales relevées par l’exercice d’évaluation................................... 52 7.1.1 Appropriation .............................................................................................................. 52 7.1.2 Renforcement des capacités ....................................................................................... 52 7.1.3 Durabilité des actions/réalisations .............................................................................. 53 7.2 Principales conclusions et recommandations .................................................................... 54 Artemis Information Management S.A. Page 3 of 92 Information Technology - Statistical and Economic Studies NGOS EVALUATION – EVAL/2015/01 RAPPORT FINAL EVALUATION DES ACTIVITES DE RRC AU LAOS DE 3 ONG LUXEMBOURGEOISES - MAEE 7.3 Quelques éléments de conclusion additionnels ................................................................. 55 7.3.1 Effets pour les ONG des choix du MAEE entre aide humanitaire et développement. 55 7.3.2 Quelques leçons à tirer de l’expérience d’une évaluation sectorielle dans un pays .. 56 8 Annexes ............................................................................................................................... 58 8.1 Annexe 1 – Annexe statistique ........................................................................................... 59 8.2 Annexe 2 - Rapports détaillés par
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