DOCSLIB.ORG

Influences of Temperature on the Mortality and Physiological

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Influences of Temperature on the Mortality and Physiological INFLUENCES OF TEMPERATURE ON THE MORTALITY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT OF SOCKEYE SALMON AFTER SIMULATED CAPTURE AND RELEASE by Marika Kirstin Gale B.Sc., The University of British Columbia, 2008 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Forestry) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) November 2011 © Marika Kirstin Gale, 2011 Abstract Pacific salmon experience intense fishing pressure as they commence their freshwater spawning migration, frequently encountering commercial net fisheries and recreational hook and line gear. Untold numbers of fish escape by their own volition or are released by fishers at a range of water temperatures, including those above metabolic and physiological optimums. This thesis focuses on the mortality and sublethal consequences of escape or release from fishing gears by migrating adult Pacific salmon, with a specific focus on how temperature mediates those effects. The role of temperature in the capture and release of fish was investigated in a comprehensive literature review. This revealed that 70% of studies examining mortality or sublethal effects at various temperatures found both to be magnified at warmer temperatures. Collectively, the results suggest that capture-release mortality increases at temperatures within, rather than above, species-specific thermal preferenda. Notably, there were no studies examining temperature effects on capture-release for adult migrating Pacific salmon. In two experiments, migrating adult sockeye salmon were intercepted during the early part of their freshwater migration held in a laboratory at three temperatures corresponding with the range of temperatures spanning the historic, current and predicted future migration conditions experienced by their run-timing group (13ºC, 19ºC, 21ºC for summer-run fish in 2009, and 13ºC, 16ºC, 19ºC for late-run fish in 2008). Fish were exposed to a simulated capture treatment including three minutes of burst exercise ± 60 seconds of air exposure. In both experiments, simulated capture treatments resulted in elevations of plasma lactate concentrations, most markedly after air exposure. The highest mortality was seen in the late-run females at 19ºC. Late-run fish who died within 24 hours of capture treatment were characterized by higher ii hematocrit, plasma lactate and cortisol, and lower glucose, sodium and chloride concentrations than survivors. Air exposure and warm temperatures were associated with longer equilibrium loss and slower ventilation rates post-treatment, which significantly predicted 24-hour survival in late-run fish. Collectively, these results indicate that released or escaped sockeye salmon may be at higher mortality risk when river temperatures are exceedingly high, and that reducing or eliminating air exposure may result in greater survival. iii Preface This research was carried out as a component of a multi-disciplinary research program investigating the effects of climate change on Pacific salmon. I held primary responsibility for research design and experimental protocols, collection and analysis of data, and preparation of manuscripts. I received considerable logistical support from my colleagues and guidance from my supervisors Scott G. Hinch and Steven J. Cooke. Collaborators on individual projects who were instrumental in development, experimentation or manuscript preparation were listed as co- authors on manuscripts submitted for publication. All experimental procedures were conducted with approval from the University of British Columbia Animal Care Committee (#A08-0388) and in accordance with guidelines set forth by the Canadian Committee on Animal Care. Chapter 2: The role of temperature in the capture and release of fish Published: Gale, M.K., S.G. Hinch, and M.R. Donaldson. In press. The role of temperature in the capture and release of fish. Fish and Fisheries. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467- 2979.2011.00441.x. Acceptance: Accepted August 15, 2011, available online September 19, 2011. Comments: This review was conducted and written by MKG with the assistance of MRD under the supervision and guidance of SGH, who helped to conceptualize the study and contributed to preparation of the manuscript. iv Chapter 3: Physiological impairment of adult sockeye salmon in fresh water after simulated capture-and-release across a range of temperatures Published: Gale, M.K., S.G. Hinch, E.J. Eliason, S.J. Cooke, and D.A. Patterson. 2011. Physiological impairment of adult sockeye salmon in fresh water after simulated capture-and-release across a range of temperatures. Fisheries Research, 112: 85- 95. Acceptance: Accepted August 16, 2011, available online September 3, 2011. Comments: This study was conducted and written by MKG with assistance from EJE, DAP, and SJC and under the supervision and guidance of SGH, who helped to conceptualize the study and contributed to preparation of the manuscript. Chapter 4: Predicting mortality of captured and released sockeye salmon at various temperatures using observational and physiological indices Comments: This study was conducted and written by MKG with assistance from Michael R. Donaldson, Ken M. Jeffries, EJE, and DAP, under the supervision and guidance of SGH and SJC, who helped to conceptualize the study and contributed to preparation of the manuscript. Thus, these contributors will be co-authors on the published manuscript. v Table of Contents Abstract(..................................................................................................................................................(ii! Preface(...................................................................................................................................................(iv! Table(of(Contents(................................................................................................................................(vi! List(of(Tables(.....................................................................................................................................(viii! List(of(Figures(......................................................................................................................................(ix! Acknowledgements(...........................................................................................................................(xi! Dedication(..........................................................................................................................................(xiii! Chapter((1:(Introduction(....................................................................................................................(1! Chapter((2:(The(role(of(temperature(in(the(capture(and(release(of(fish(............................(7! 2.1! Introduction(..........................................................................................................................................(7! 2.2! Methods(..................................................................................................................................................(9! 2.2.1! Literature!search!............................................................................................................................................!9! 2.2.2! Literature!review!.........................................................................................................................................!11! 2.3! Results(..................................................................................................................................................(14! 2.4! Discussion(...........................................................................................................................................(17! Chapter((3:(Physiological(impairment(of(adult(sockeye(salmon(in(fresh(water(after( simulated(captureKandKrelease(across(a(range(of(temperatures(.....................................(49! 3.1! Introduction(.......................................................................................................................................(49! 3.2! Methods(...............................................................................................................................................(53! 3.2.1! Study!site!and!animals!...............................................................................................................................!53! 3.2.2! Thermal!and!simulated!capture!treatments!....................................................................................!54! vi 3.2.3! Blood!sampling,!processing!and!analysis!..........................................................................................!55! 3.2.4! Assays!...............................................................................................................................................................!57! 3.2.5! Statistical!analysis!.......................................................................................................................................!57! 3.3! Results(..................................................................................................................................................(58! 3.3.1! Immediate!responses!to!treatment!......................................................................................................!58! 3.3.2! PostFcapture!samples!–!30!minutes!postFtreatment!....................................................................!59! 3.3.3! Terminal!samples!–!72!hours!aFter!treatment!................................................................................!59!
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Morphological and Genetic Variability Among Mpasa (Opsaridium Microlepis Günther, 1864) Populations from the Inflow Rivers of Lake Malawi
    Vol. 9(5), pp. 52-58, May 2017 DOI: 10.5897/IJFA2017.0626 Article Number: DA53A7D64598 International Journal of Fisheries and ISSN 2006-9839 Copyright ©2017 Aquaculture Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/IJFA Full Length Research Paper Morphological and genetic variability among Mpasa (Opsaridium microlepis Günther, 1864) populations from the inflow rivers of Lake Malawi Daud Kassam1*, Wisdom Changadeya2, Hamad Stima1, Wilson Jere1 and Emmanuel Kaunda1 1Aquaculture and Fisheries Science Department, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Bunda Campus, P. O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi. 2Molecular Biology and Ecology Research Unit (MBERU) DNA Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Chancellor College, University of Malawi, P. O. Box 280, Zomba, Malawi. Received 24 March, 2017; Accepted 19 May, 2017 Fisheries management continues to be a nightmare due to over exploitation of fish stocks and various anthropogenic activities resulting in a reduction of genetic resources. Opsaridium microlepis, a commercially exploited fish species from Lake Malawi, is no exception, hence it is listed as endangered. Opsaridium microlepis stocks from four different rivers were analyzed using 13 geometric morphometric landmarks and 20 microsatellite loci, to determine if the stocks were morphologically and/or genetically different. AMOVA performed on DNA data revealed a significant (P < 0.001) genetic differentiation with 16.4% of the total genetic variance ascribed to differences among populations, and 83.6% due to differences within population. This finding was supported by higher pairwise FST values (FST = 0.17). MANOVA of morphological data showed significant body shape variation among the stocks (Wilk’s λ = 0.0913; P < 0.0001).
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    REQUEST FOR CEO ENDORSEMENT/APPROVAL PROJECT TYPE: Medium-sized Project THE GEF TRUST FUND Submission Date: 06/30/2010 PART I: PROJECT INFORMATION GEFSEC PROJECT ID: 3692 Expected Calendar GEF AGENCY PROJECT ID: P110112 Milestones Dates Public Disclosure Authorized COUNTRY: Malawi Work Program (for FSPs only) N/A PROJECT TITLE: Effective Management of the Nkhotakota Agency Approval date Aug 2010 Wildlife Reserve (EMNWR) Implementation Start Sept 2010 GEF AGENCY: World Bank Mid-term Evaluation (if N/A OTHER EXECUTING PARTNERS: Department of National Parks planned) and Wildlife (DNPW), Wildlife and Environmental Society of Project Closing Date Sept 2013 Malawi (WESM) GEF FOCAL AREA: Biodiversity GEF-4 STRATEGIC PROGRAMs: SP-3 (Strengthening Terrestrial PA Networks) NAME OF PARENT PROGRAM/UMBRELLA PROJECT: NA A. PROJECT FRAMEWORK Project Objective: To ensure effective management of the Nkhotakota Wildlife Reserve through a sustainable management model focusing on its Bua watershed area. Public Disclosure Authorized Indicate Project whether Expected Expected Outputs GEF Financing1 Co-Financing1 Total ($) Components Investment, Outcomes c=a+ b TA, or STA ($) a % ($) b % Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 1 CEO Endorsement Template-December-08.doc 06/09/2010 3:27:43 PM 1. Reserve TA and Management Biological resources management Investment effectiveness inventory carried out for 650,500 33.1% 1,314,794 66.9% 1,965,294 improved in the the NWR focusing on Nkhotakota the Bua watershed area. Wildlife Reserve New 5-year operational (NWR), Management Plan for specifically in the entire NWR, the Bua identifying priorities for watershed area. the Bua watershed area, developed, discussed with stakeholders and approved by DNPW.
    [Show full text]
  • A Cyprinid Fish
    DFO - Library / MPO - Bibliotheque 01005886 c.i FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C. Circular No. 65 RUSSIAN-ENGLISH GLOSSARY OF NAMES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND OTHER BIOLOGICAL AND RELATED TERMS Compiled by W. E. Ricker Fisheries Research Board of Canada Nanaimo, B.C. August, 1962 FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA Biological Station, Nanaimo, B0C. Circular No. 65 9^ RUSSIAN-ENGLISH GLOSSARY OF NAMES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND OTHER BIOLOGICAL AND RELATED TERMS ^5, Compiled by W. E. Ricker Fisheries Research Board of Canada Nanaimo, B.C. August, 1962 FOREWORD This short Russian-English glossary is meant to be of assistance in translating scientific articles in the fields of aquatic biology and the study of fishes and fisheries. j^ Definitions have been obtained from a variety of sources. For the names of fishes, the text volume of "Commercial Fishes of the USSR" provided English equivalents of many Russian names. Others were found in Berg's "Freshwater Fishes", and in works by Nikolsky (1954), Galkin (1958), Borisov and Ovsiannikov (1958), Martinsen (1959), and others. The kinds of fishes most emphasized are the larger species, especially those which are of importance as food fishes in the USSR, hence likely to be encountered in routine translating. However, names of a number of important commercial species in other parts of the world have been taken from Martinsen's list. For species for which no recognized English name was discovered, I have usually given either a transliteration or a translation of the Russian name; these are put in quotation marks to distinguish them from recognized English names.
    [Show full text]
  • A Bibliography and an Index List on Parasites and Parasitic Diseases of Fish in Northern Europe
    A bibliography and an index list on parasites and parasitic diseases of fish in Northern Europe OLEG PUGACHEV Zoological Institute Russian Academy of Scienses St.Petersburg, Russia HANS-PETER FAGERHOLM Institute of Parasitology Department of Biology Åbo Akademi University Åbo, Finland & Parasitology Laboratory Department of Pathology National Veterinary and Food Research Institutue, Helsinki, Finland ISBN 951-650-506-6 1 INTRODUCTION In 1988 a symposium on "Parasites of freshwater fishes of North-West Europe" was arranged in Petrozavodsk in connection with a co-operation project between Russian (then Soviet) and Finnish scientists. During the meeting it was stated that it would be of importance to compile literature data from the northern Europe on parasites and parasitic diseases of fish. One reason for this is the fact that in countries outside Russia, the Russian literature, due to the language, is usually not well known. Also some early, especially Scandinavian, investigations have remained unnoticed as they were published in a Nordic language only. A bibliography on fish parasites and diseases, covering the geographical area in question, is likely to be useful today as the interest in fish parasitology has increased substantially in recent years. It is, in addition, feasible to produce such a work now because of the new efficient means to deal with bibliographic information given by present day computers. We hope that the bibliography will be of use to scientists and students alike. As the titles of publications originally given in Russian or Nordic languages have been translated into English we hope that this will promote the availability of this literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Characteristics of Major African Lakes
    Appendix Summary of characteristics of major African lakes Nineteen lakes are included, giving details of location, depth and area, conductivity, pH, primary production, fish fauna, main commercial species status of introductions and, where available, approximate yield figures and the main ecological considerations. Values are taken from Vanden Bossche and Bernacsek (1990,1991), Craig (1992) and relevant chapters ofthis book. The Impact of Species Changes in African Lakes. Edited by Tony J. Pitcher and Paul J.B. Hart. Published in 1995 by Chapman & Hall. London. ISBN 0 412 550504. 548 Appendix: Summary of characteristics of major African lakes LAKE ALBERT (MOBUTU) Natural lake, Zaire and Uganda, 01 °50'N. 300 40'E (location map. Fig. 5.1) Western Rift Physical data Area Volume Depth (m) Drawdown Outflow/ (km2 ) (km3 ) (m) vol. ratio Mean Max. Secchi 6800 140 25 58 2.0-6.0 pH Conductivity Primary productivity Temp. (Ilmho cm-1 CC) at 20°C) gCm-2 day-1 8.9-9.5 730 0.8 - 3.8 Other physical information Stratified. Fish Total no. Total no. Non-cichlids· Cichlids· families species Genera Species Genera Species 14 46 26 (0) 37 (2) 2 (0) 9 (4) Introductions None. Main commercial species Alestes (A. baremose). Hydrocynus. Lates (1. macrophthalmus - lives offshore). Bagrus. Oreochromis niloticus. O. leucostictus. Sarotherodon galiIaeus. TiIapia zilIii and Citharinus citharus. Fishing gears used Gill nets. beach seines. longlines. rod and line. Total landings 12 548 tyear-1 in 1963. 12 532 tyear-1 in 1988. Fish production 125 kg ha -1 (1.3 gC m -2 year-1). Ecological considerations Fish species are similar to riverine Nile fish.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in the Fisheries of Lake Malawi, 1976 - 1996: Ecosystem-Based Analysis
    CHANGES IN THE FISHERIES OF LAKE MALAWI, 1976 - 1996: ECOSYSTEM-BASED ANALYSIS by EDWARD NSIKU B. Sc., University of Malawi, 1985 Pg. Dip., University of Humberside (HCHE), 1988 Dip., University of Tromso, 1991 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Resource Management and Environmental Studies; Fisheries Centre) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA December 1999 ©Edward Nsiku, 1999 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of $0i>\J(>C& HA^^tfS^vs^Y fi$t> EfrM/z^MEK"77*2- Z^**^ The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada DE-6 (2/88) ABSTRACT Lake Malawi is one of the most species-rich freshwater bodies in the world. Conservation of aquatic resources in the lake, however, competes with the need to provide for food and livelihood for a majority of adjacent fishing communities. The lake is therefore impacted by both anthropogenic and environmental factors. This study looks at the changes in the fisheries of Lake Malawi between 1976 and 1996 using ecosystem-based analyses.
    [Show full text]
  • Shire Valley Irrigation Project (SVIP)
    SFG3384 REV p Public Disclosure Authorized GOVERNMENT OF MALAWI MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, IRRIGATION AND WATER DEVELOPMENT SHIRE VALLEY TRANSFORMATION PROGRAM Public Disclosure Authorized Updated Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the Shire Valley Irrigation Project (SVIP) Public Disclosure Authorized Impact Assessment Report Disclosed on May 24, 2017 (updated and redisclosed on August 8, 2017) Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) FOR THE SHIRE VALLEY IRRIGATION PROJECT (SVIP) IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 14 2. MITIGATION WORKSHOPS .......................................................................... 18 3. RELATION BETWEEN THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT AND OTHER SVIP STUDIES ................................................................................. 19 4. PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION ................................................. 25 4.1 Water Intake 26 4.1.1 Construction and characteristics 27 4.1.2 Operation 27 4.2 Canals 28 4.2.1 Construction and characteristics 29 4.2.2 Operation 29 4.3 Command areas 30 4.3.1 Construction and characteristics 31 4.3.2 Operation 31 4.4 Natural Resources Management (NRM) component 32 4.5 Assessment of alternatives considered 33 5. POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................... 38 5.1 Malawi Policies Relevant to the Shire Valley Irrigation Project 38 5.1.1 The Constitution
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity and Structure of Potamodromous Opsaridium Microlepis (Günther) Populations in the In- Let Rivers of Lake Malawi
    Vol. 12(48), pp. 6709-6717, 27 November, 2013 DOI: 10.5897/AJB2013.12459 ISSN 1684-5315 ©2013 Academic Journals African Journal of Biotechnology http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB Full Length Research Paper Genetic diversity and structure of potamodromous Opsaridium microlepis (Günther) populations in the in- let rivers of Lake Malawi Wisdom Changadeya1*, Hamad Stima2, Daud Kassam2, Emmanuel Kaunda2 and Wilson Jere2 1Molecular Biology and Ecology Research Unit (MBERU) DNA Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Chancellor College, University of Malawi, P.O BOX 280, Zomba, Malawi. 2Aquaculture and Fisheries Science Department, Bunda College of Agriculture, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi. Accepted 21 November, 2013 Studies were carried out to determine the genetic diversity and structure of endangered Opsaridium microlepis (Mpasa) populations in the affluent rivers of Lake Malawi; Linthipe, Bua, Dwangwa and North Rukuru. A total of 200 DNA samples of O. microlepis from four river populations were analyzed at 20 microsatellite loci. The primers’ discriminating power was high (mean PIC, 0.76) yielding a total of 295 alleles with a range of 10-22 and an average of 15 alleles per locus. All the populations were not in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium probably due to outbreeding that leads to heterozygosity excess. This observation was further supported by heterozygosity excess exhibited by 100% of the population-locus combinations (mean FIS, -0.30) and lack of evidence for genetic bottleneck. The populations exhibited high genetic diversity as evidenced by high mean Shannon information Index (I=1.64) and high observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.98).
    [Show full text]
  • Forgotten Waters: Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems in Africa
    FORGOTTEN WATERS: FRESHWATER AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS IN AFRICA Strategies for Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development Caroly A. Shumway The Biodiversity Support Program A USAID-Funded Consortium of World Wildlife Fund, The Nature Conservancy, and World Resources Institute i Shumway, Caroly A. 1999. Forgotten waters: Freshwater and marine ecosystems in Africa. Strategies for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. © Boston University. This publication was prepared under a grant from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Printing and distribution were made possible through support provided to the Biodiversity Support Program (BSP) by the Global Bureau of USAID, under the terms of Cooperative Agreement number DHR-5554-A-00-8044-00, and the New England Aquarium. The Biodiversity Sup- port Program is a consortium of World Wildlife Fund, The Nature Conservancy, and World Resources Institute, funded by the USAID. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the other supporting institutions. Cover art and design by Javene Jones, Design Dept., New England Aquarium. Copy editing by Jennifer Goebel, New England Aquarium. Layout by Michael Matthews, AMEX International. For more information and/or copies of this publication, contact: Dr. Caroly Shumway, Departments of Conservation and Research, New England Aquarium, Central Wharf, Boston, MA, USA 02110-3399. Tel.: 617-973-6570, Fax: 617-973-0242, email: [email protected]; web:http://www.neaq.org. Printed by Global Printing, Inc., Alexandria, VA Printed on recycled paper ii ERRATA Page For Read vii. right column, 3rd paragraph, last line: pages 67-87 pages 67-69 ix, left column, section 3, 1st bullet: page 77 pages 77-83 67, right column, 4th line: Olson et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Stream Habitat Requirements of BC Fish
    Life History Characteristics of Freshwater Fishes Occurring in British Columbia and the Yukon, with Major Emphasis on Stream Habitat Characteristics M. Roberge, J.M.B. Hume, C.K. Minns, and T. Slaney Fisheries and Oceans Canada Marine Environment and Habitat Science Division Cultus Lake Salmon Research Laboratory 4222 Columbia Valley Highway Cultus Lake, B.C. V2R 5B6 2002 Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2611 i Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2611 2002 LIFE HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS OF FRESHWATER FISHES OCCURRING IN BRITISH COLUMBIA AND THE YUKON, WITH MAJOR EMPHASIS ON STREAM HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS by M. Roberge1, J.M.B. Hume, C.K. Minns2 and T. Slaney1 Fisheries and Oceans Canada Marine Environment and Habitat Science Division Cultus Lake Salmon Research Laboratory 4222 Columbia Valley Highway Cultus Lake, B.C. V2R 5B6 _____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Aquatic Resources Limited, 9010 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6P 4B9 2 Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Bayfield Institute, 867 Lakeshore Road, P.O. Box 5050, Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6 ii © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2002, As represented by the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Cat. No. Fs 97-4/2611E ISSN 0706-6473 Correct citation of this publication: Roberge, M., J.M.B. Hume, C.K. Minns, and T. Slaney. 2002. Life history characteristics of freshwater fishes occurring in British Columbia and the Yukon, with major emphasis on stream habitat characteristics. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2611: xiv + 248 p. iii ABSTRACT Roberge, M., J.M.B. Hume, C.K.
    [Show full text]
  • 316(B) Supporting Documentation for NPDES Nutrien Ltd
    316(b) Supporting Documentation for NPDES Nutrien Ltd. Permit Renewal Kennewick Fertilizer Operations NPDES Permit WA0003671 – Kennewick Facility and NPDES Permit WA0003727 – Finely Facility 30 June 2020 Project No.: 0549532 The business of sustainability Signature Page 30 June 2020 316(b) Supporting Documentation for NPDES Permit Renewal Kennewick Fertilizer Operations NPDES Permit WA0003671 – Kennewick Facility and NPDES Permit WA0003727 – Finely Facility Kennewick, Washington David P. Edwards, L.G. Mich ael F. Mendes, L. G. Partner Project Manager Kurtis Schlicht Suzanne Dolberg, P.E. Technical Lead Deputy Project Manager Environmental Resources Management 1218 3rd Avenue, Suite 1412 Seattle, Washington 98101 T: +1 425 462 8591 F: +1 425 455 3573 © Copyright 2020 by ERM Worldwide Group Ltd and / or its affiliates (“ERM”). All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, without the prior written permission of ERM. www.erm.com Version: 1.0 Project No.: 0549532 Client: Nutrien Ltd. 30 June 2020 Page iii Seattle\Projects\0549532\DM\28730H(316b).docx 316(B) SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION FOR NPDES PERMIT CONTENTS RENEWAL CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1 2. §122.21(R)(2) SOURCE WATER PHYSICAL DATA ........................................................................ 3 3. §122.21(R)(3) COOLING WATER INTAKE STRUCTURE DATA .................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Context of Small-Scale Integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture Systems in Mrica: a Case Study of Malawi
    The Context of Small-Scale Integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture Systems in Mrica: A Case Study of Malawi ~. ,;1(::'....- II~~! i~ I"~ rJ \t iP International Center for Living Deutsche Gesellschaft fUr Technische Aquatic Resources Management Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), GmbH --- The Context of Small-Scale Integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture Systems in Africa: A Case Study of Mala6i The ontext of Small-Scale Integrated &culture-~acuture Systems in Africa: A Case Study of Malaai ~TIONALCENTER FOR LMNG AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MANILA, PHILIPPINES DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT F- TECHNISCHE ZUSAMMENARBEIT (GTZ), GmbH ESCHBORN, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY The context of small-scale integrated agriculture-aquaculture systems in Africa: a case study of Mala% Published by the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, MC P.O. Box 1501, Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines and Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Postfach 5180, D-6236 Eschborn 1bei Fra.nkfurt/Main, Federal Republic of Germany Printed in Manila, Philippines. ICLARM and GTZ. 1991. The context of small-scale integrated agriculture-aquaculture systems in Africa: a case study of Malaii. ICLARM Stud. Rev. 18,302 p. ISSN 0115-4389 ISBN 971-1022-65-6 Cover: Zomba District, Southern Region, MalaGi: dry season maintenance activities; clearing and reshaping the pond. Photo by K. Ruddle. ICLARM Contribution No. 576 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..........................................xxi ABSTRACT .................................................. xxii ASPECTS OF
    [Show full text]