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Modeling Internet-Based Citizen Activism and Foreign Policy
MODELING INTERNET-BASED CITIZEN ACTIVISM AND FOREIGN POLICY: The Islands Dispute between China and Japan TOMONOBU KUMAHIRA Primary Thesis Advisor: Professor Jordan Branch Department of Political Science Secondary Thesis Advisor: Professor Kerry Smith Department of History Honors Seminar Instructor: Professor Claudia Elliott The Watson Institute for International Studies SENIOR THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors in International Relations BROWN UNIVERSITY PROVIDENCE, RI MAY 2015 © Copyright 2015 by Tomonobu Kumahira ABSTRACT How can citizens utilize the Internet to influence foreign policymaking? Optimists emphasize the Internet’s great potential to empower citizens, while pessimists underscore the persistent dominance of conventional actors in shaping diplomacy. These conceptual debates fail to build analytical models that theorize the mechanisms through which citizen activism impacts foreign policymaking in the Internet era. Focusing on the interactions between “old” institutions and new practices enabled by technology, I argue that Internet-based citizen activists are using multiple and evolving strategies to engage with the conventional media and policymakers. My Hybrid Model provides an analytical framework with which scholars can describe new forms of non-electoral representation by citizen movements, while challenging foreign policy decision making theories established before the social media. My model traces the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands dispute between China and Japan, in which nationalist campaigns online and offline have fueled a series of confrontations since 2005. Presenting practical implications for foreign policymakers and the conventional media to respond to the transformation, this Hybrid Model also helps citizens play a more active role in international relations. In conclusion, I explore the analogy between the Internet and past innovations in communication technologies to shed light on the future of the Internet and politics. -
The United States and Japan in Global Context: 2015
THE EDWIN O. REISCHAUER CENTER FOR EAST ASIAN STUDIES THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN IN GLOBAL CONTEXT: 2015 THE PAUL H. NITZE SCHOOL OF ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL STUDIES THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY Washington, D.C. Edwin O. Reischauer October 15, 1910 – September 1, 1990 Yearbook Class of 2015 From Left to Right: Sung Hui “Sophie” Yang, Jeffrey Bond, Ju Hyung Kim, Luoxi Dao, Ji Won Kwon, Malcolm Whitehead, Michael Wakcher, Professor William Brooks, Evan Sankey, Benjamin Garton, Ian Hamilton, Michael Kotler, Waichiro Katsuda, Yiwei “Jenny” Pan TABLE OF CONTENTS The Year at the Reischauer Center 1 Reischauer Center Events, 2014-2015 7 Introduction 10 William L. Brooks For U.S.-Japan Relations, the JET Program Is a Hidden National Treasure 46 Malcolm Whitehead U.S.-Japan Cultural Exchange in a New Era of Public Diplomacy 73 Michael Wakcher New U.S.-Japan Partnership in Disaster Management and Japan’s Role 95 Waichiro Katsuda India and the US-Japan Alliance 113 Evan Sankey Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s Central Asia Strategy: Is it Effective? 129 Ian Hamilton Trilateral security cooperation in Northeast Asia 157 Ju Hyong Kim Japan’s Trade Agreement Strategies: Three Case Studies 172 Ji Won Kwon Changing Trade Patterns among the U.S., Japan and China: Does Politics Trump Market Forces? 205 Jenny Iwei Pan Impact of “Abenomics” on Mergers and Acquisition Trends in Japan 222 Luoxi Dao Japan’s Long Road to Corporate Governance Reform 240 Ben Garton Building Japan’s Entrepreneurial Ecosystem 258 Jeff Bond Class Research Trip to Tokyo, March 2014: Photo Album 281 1 THE YEAR AT THE REISCHAUER CENTER The 2014-2015 academic year, during which the Reischauer Center celebrated its thirtieth anniversary, was a historic one--for the Center, SAIS, and for trans-Pacific relations. -
TOKYO FIELD TRIP Dialogue with Cabinet Ministers
TOKYO FIELD TRIP Dialogue with Cabinet Ministers History Of Japan’s Environmental Policy Kenji Someno, Research Fellow, Tokyo Foundation am speaking here today in place of former ronmental pollution. From 1955 to 1965, en- IEnvironment Minister Sakahito Ozawa, ergy consumption tripled, and the industrial who unfortunately is unable to attend due to structure shifted toward heavy industries. This Diet obligations. resulted in air, water, and soil pollution, which I’ve been involved in pollution measures became serious health hazards. and climate change for over 20 years as a People’s perceptions of economic growth former official of the Environment Ministry, also changed. In the early 1970s, a majority, where I headed the government’s Team Minus for the first time, came to view growth nega- 6 Percent campaign to lower the country’s car- tively as being a threat to their health. bon dioxide emissions. The Basic Pollution Control Law was en- Japan experienced high economic growth acted in 1967. The business community was from the late 1950s to early 1970s. People opposed to the law, as it feared that the higher became more affluent, the material symbols of costs for pollution countermeasures would such prosperity being purchases of the “three hurt their competitiveness. They called for sacred treasures,” namely, the black-and-white balance between business growth and pollu- TV, washing machine, and refrigerator. Later, tion measures. as the country grew richer, the color TV, au- If you replace the word “pollution” with “cli- tomobile, and air conditioner emerged as the mate change,” I think it pretty much sums up “new sacred treasures.” the attitude of the business community today. -
Japan Calling September, 2010
September 2010 A quarterly newsletter from the Embassy of Japan, India Mr. Katsuya Okada, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan (left), at a Joint Press Conference with Mr. S.M. Krishna, Minister of External Affairs of India, on August 21, 2010, in New Delhi. Photo Courtesy: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan CONTENTS • Prime Minister Naoto Kan Reshuffles His Cabinet P. 2 • Visit to India by Mr. Katsuya Okada, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan P. 3 • Diplomatic Bluebook 2010 Summary P. 5 • Important Embassy events held in the recent past P. 6 • Lectures by Prof. Toshihiko Kinoshita, Special Researcher, Industrial Mgmt. Institute, Waseda University P. 7 • The SAARC High School Student Exchange Program (June 23 – July 2, 2010) P. 8 • Earth Return of the Hayabusa P. 10 • Painting competition: Quest for Peace P. 11 • Learn Japanese online P. 11 • Anime Fest P. 12 JAPAN CALLING 1 PRIME MINISTER NAOTO KAN RESHUFFLES HIS CABINET Following his re-election as leader of the governing Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), Japanese Prime Minister, Mr. Naoto Kan, announced a new Cabinet on 17 September 2010. In the reshuffled Cabinet, Mr. Seiji Maehara has taken over as the new Foreign Minister of Japan. Mr Maehara, former Transport Minister, replaced Mr. Katsuya Okada, who has been appointed as the Secretary General of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ). Foreign Minister, Mr. Seiji Maehara Photo courtesy: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan Prime Minister of Japan and his Cabinet LIST OF MINISTERS September 17, 2010 Prime Minister Naoto KAN Minister -
Roster of Winners in Single-Seat Constituencies No
Tuesday, October 24, 2017 | The Japan Times | 3 lower house ele ion ⑳ NAGANO ㉘ OSAKA 38KOCHI No. 1 Takashi Shinohara (I) No. 1 Hiroyuki Onishi (L) No. 1 Gen Nakatani (L) Roster of winners in single-seat constituencies No. 2 Mitsu Shimojo (KI) No. 2 Akira Sato (L) No. 2 Hajime Hirota (I) No. 3 Yosei Ide (KI) No. 3 Shigeki Sato (K) No. 4 Shigeyuki Goto (L) No. 4 Yasuhide Nakayama (L) 39EHIME No. 4 Masaaki Taira (L) ⑮ NIIGATA No. 5 Ichiro Miyashita (L) No. 5 Toru Kunishige (K) No. 1 Yasuhisa Shiozaki (L) ( L ) Liberal Democratic Party; ( KI ) Kibo no To; ( K ) Komeito; No. 5 Kenji Wakamiya (L) No. 6 Shinichi Isa (K) No. 1 Chinami Nishimura (CD) No. 2 Seiichiro Murakami (L) ( JC ) Japanese Communist Party; ( CD ) Constitutional Democratic Party; No. 6 Takayuki Ochiai (CD) No. 7 Naomi Tokashiki (L) No. 2 Eiichiro Washio (I) ㉑ GIFU No. 3 Yoichi Shiraishi (KI) ( NI ) Nippon Ishin no Kai; ( SD ) Social Democratic Party; ( I ) Independent No. 7 Akira Nagatsuma (CD) No. 8 Takashi Otsuka (L) No. 3 Takahiro Kuroiwa (I) No. 1 Seiko Noda (L) No. 4 Koichi Yamamoto (L) No. 8 Nobuteru Ishihara (L) No. 9 Kenji Harada (L) No. 4 Makiko Kikuta (I) No. 2 Yasufumi Tanahashi (L) No. 9 Isshu Sugawara (L) No. 10 Kiyomi Tsujimoto (CD) No. 4 Hiroshi Kajiyama (L) No. 3 Yoji Muto (L) 40FUKUOKA ① HOKKAIDO No. 10 Hayato Suzuki (L) No. 11 Hirofumi Hirano (I) No. 5 Akimasa Ishikawa (L) No. 4 Shunpei Kaneko (L) No. 1 Daiki Michishita (CD) No. 11 Hakubun Shimomura (L) No. -
Revival of Bureaucratic Maneuvering Under the Noda Cabinet : Who Pulled the Strings on Consumption Tax Hike in 2012?
저작자표시-비영리-변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는 아래의 조건을 따르는 경우에 한하여 자유롭게 l 이 저작물을 복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연 및 방송할 수 있습니다. 다음과 같은 조건을 따라야 합니다: 저작자표시. 귀하는 원저작자를 표시하여야 합니다. 비영리. 귀하는 이 저작물을 영리 목적으로 이용할 수 없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는 이 저작물을 개작, 변형 또는 가공할 수 없습니다. l 귀하는, 이 저작물의 재이용이나 배포의 경우, 이 저작물에 적용된 이용허락조건 을 명확하게 나타내어야 합니다. l 저작권자로부터 별도의 허가를 받으면 이러한 조건들은 적용되지 않습니다. 저작권법에 따른 이용자의 권리는 위의 내용에 의하여 영향을 받지 않습니다. 이것은 이용허락규약(Legal Code)을 이해하기 쉽게 요약한 것입니다. Disclaimer 국제학석사학위논문 Revival of Bureaucratic Maneuvering under the Noda Cabinet : Who Pulled the Strings on Consumption Tax Hike in 2012? 노다 내각 아래 되살아난 관료의 책략 : 2012년 소비세 인상의 배후는 누구였는가? 2016년 8월 서울대학교 국제대학원 국제학과 일본 지역학 이 보 배 Abstract Revival of Bureaucratic Maneuvering under the Noda Cabinet : Who Pulled the Strings on Consumption Tax Hike in 2012? 노다 내각 아래 되살아난 관료의 책략 : 2012년 소비세 인상의 배후는 누구였는가? Name: Bobae Lee Major and department: International Area Studies (Japan), Graduate School of International Studies The Graduate School Seoul National University In 2012, for the first time in fifteen years in Japan, Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda won the parliamentary approval to raise the country’s sales tax by 10 percent by 2015. Despite the widespread tensions, Noda had stated that he would stake his political life on the success of the policy. Noda’s decision to raise the consumption tax breached the party’s own manifesto and eventually caused the Ozawa-led forty-nine member faction to leave the DPJ in protest. -
Ficha Ejecutiva
INFORME ECONÓMICO Y COMERCIAL JAPÓN Elaborado por la Oficina Económica y Comercial de España en Tokio Actualizado a Abril de 2010 1. SITUACIÓN POLÍTICA 4 1.1. Principales fuerzas políticas y su presencia en las instituciones 4 1.2. Ministros del Gobierno 4 2. SITUACIÓN ECONÓMICA 5 2.1. Evolución de las principales variables 6 2.1.1. PIB 8 2.1.2. Precios 9 2.1.3. Desempleo. Población activa. Población ocupada por sectores 9 2.1.4. Distribución de la Renta 9 2.1.5. Cuentas Públicas 10 2.2. Previsiones macroeconómicas 10 2.3. Otros posibles datos de interés económico 11 2.4. Comercio Exterior de bienes y servicios 11 2.4.1. Apertura Comercial 11 2.4.2. Principales socios comerciales 12 2.4.3. Principales sectores de bienes (Importación y Exportación) 13 2.4.4. Principales sectores de servicios (De acuerdo con la balanza de servicios) 14 2.5. Turismo 14 2.6. Inversión extranjera 15 2.6.1. Novedades en la legislación 15 2.6.2. Inversión extranjera por países y sectores 15 2.6.3. Operaciones importantes de inversión extranjera 16 2.6.4. Fuentes oficiales de información sobre inversiones extranjeras 16 2.6.5. Ferias sobre inversiones 17 2.7. Inversiones en el exterior. Principales países y sectores 17 2.8. Balanza de pagos. Resumen de las principales sub-balanzas 18 2.9. Reservas Internacionales 20 2.10. Moneda. Evolución del tipo de cambio 20 2.11. Deuda Externa 20 2.12. Calificación de riesgo 22 2.13. Principales objetivos de política económica 22 3. -
Japan Calling June, 2010
June 2010 Following the resignation of Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama on 2nd of June 2010, Mr. Naoto Kan, Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister in the Hatoyama Cabinet, was elected by the Japanese Diet on 5th June as the new Prime Minister of Japan. Photo courtesy: Cabinet Public Relations Office, Japan. Mr. Masayuki Naoshima, Minister of Economy, Trade and The Japanese Defense delegation (left) having discussions with their Indian Industry of Japan (left) calling on Mr. Anand Sharma, counterparts at a meeting held in the Ministry of Defence, New Delhi. Minister of Commerce and Industry of India (right). Photo courtesy: METI, Japan. Photo courtesy: Ministry of Defence, Government of India. CONTENTS • Mr. Naoto Kan elected as new Prime Minister of Japan P. 2 • Two important Japanese Ministerial visits to India P. 3 • Japan Chamber of Commerce and Industry in India (JCCII) submits “Suggestions for Government of India” P. 4 • Conferment of Decoration on Dr. R.K. Pachauri, Chairman of IPCC P. 5 • Initiatives on Climate Change P. 6 • Unique Bonsai trees on display at exhibition in New Delhi P. 8 • Japan extends Soft Loan Package to India for FY 2009 P. 9 • MOSAI holds 1st SAFJUAA Japanese Language Speech Contest P. 10 • Two Indian judokas get intensive training in Japan P. 12 • Japan launches Venus Climate Orbiter “AKATSUKI” (PLANET-C) P. 14 • Anime Cine Experience P. 15 JAPAN CALLING 1 MR. NAOTO KAN ELECTED AS NEW PRIME MINISTER OF JAPAN Following the resignation of Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama Kitazawa, and Transport Minister Seiji Maehara. on 2nd of June 2010, Mr. -
Export Development Strategy Japanese Target Market
EXPORT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY JAPANESE TARGET MARKET IT TRAINING CENTER COMPLEARN COMPSECUR SP. Z O.O. Polish Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Japan Tokyo, 2009 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The following document, entitled “Export development strategy: Japanese target market” has been prepared by the Polish Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Japan (PCCIJ) in cooperation with the CompSecur sp. z o.o. as a professional consulting service concerning strategy of Japanese target market export development of Information Technologies training services offered by the CompSecur sp. z o.o. company. Works on preparation of the document began on October 25th, 2009 on a basis of agreement between the CompSecur sp. z o.o. company and the Polish Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Japan (PCCIJ). The document addresses the following issues: 1) Justification of selection of the Japanese market for the planned export development of CompSecur sp. z o.o. services. 2) Analysis of a competitive position of CompSecur sp. z o.o. at the Japanese market in regard to Export Subjected Services. 3) Analysis of the Japanese target market research, which addresses: a) applicable legal acts, necessary legal procedures, common customs, common business practices, applicable legal rules conditioning access of the CompSecur sp. z o.o. services to the target Japanese market, b) procedural and tax oriented analysis of selling of the export subjected services on the target Japanese market. 4) Analysis of a current business situation of the CompSecur sp. z o.o. in its core business domain of operation and a prognosis of these operations growth in regard to export development to the target Japanese market. -
Japan's Medium-Term Economic Outlook: January 2012 2
Economic Report 14 February 2012 (No. of pages: 61) Japan's Medium-term Economic Outlook —January 2012— Japan overcomes strong yen, electricity supply shortages, and higher taxes in a synchronized world economy Japanese report: 23 Jan 12 Economic Research Dept Hitoshi Suzuki Mikio Mizobata Keiji Kanda Summary We have revised our June 2011 medium-term outlook for Japan's economy. After downgrading the growth rate of the world economy and factoring in the government’s reconstruction policies and draft proposal for the integrated reform of the social security and tax systems, we now forecast that Japan's economy will grow 2.4% (nominal) and 1.8% (real) over the next 10 years (annualized average trend rates). Rather than actual level, what has become problematic with respect to currency rates is the fluctuation that far exceeds changes in economic fundamentals. Excessive fluctuation in market exchange rates not only directly worsens Japan's economy but also has the indirect but still major adverse effect of restraining the growth of nominal wages as companies seek to maintain export competitiveness. To roll back the overly strong yen, measures that take a long-term view are needed. Specific steps that could be taken are rules to control excessive fluctuation accompanying a floating exchange rate system and Japan's manufacturers endeavoring to make products whose selling prices do not fall and developing sales methods where price reductions are not necessary. Electricity shortages resulting from the halt of nuclear power plants have mainly been met by curbing the demand of large-volume electricity users and by increasing the operating rate of thermal power plants. -
Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary
Top > Countermeasures for 2011 Tohoku - Pacific Ocean Earthquake Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary Saturday, March 26 at 04:18pm, 2011 [Provisional Translation] JAPANESE Opening Statement by Chief Cabinet Secretary Edano CHIEF CABINET SECRETARY EDANO: I am sorry to have kept you all waiting. I have an announcement about the appointment of a Special Advisor to the Prime Minister. House of Representatives member Sumio Mabuchi was today named Special Advisor to the Prime Minister in charge of issues related to damage caused by the 2011 Tohoku ? Pacific Ocean Earthquake and the incident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant following a request by Special Advisor Manabu Terada to step down from the position. The Prime Minister accepted Mr. Terada's letter of resignation and Mr. Mabuchi received the letter of appointment from the Prime Minister moments ago. That is all from me for now. Q&As REPORTER: I am Kuribayashi from the Yomiuri Shimbun. Regarding the change in personnel, what is the reason behind the choice of Mr. Mabuchi? How did you decide that he was an appropriate person to take charge of the response to the nuclear incident and earthquake? CHIEF CABINET SECRETARY EDANO: Actually the Prime Minister wanted Special Advisor Goshi Hosono to take up these responsibilities as he is already working in the Headquarters set up by Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) to respond to the situation at the power plant. However, given the enormous range of work that must be done, Special Advisor Hosono requested that the structure currently in place should be strengthened. The Prime Minister judged that, given the wealth of experience possessed by Mr. -
A Nuclear-Weapon-Free World: Our Common Good Joint Statement of Religious Leaders, Parliamentarians and Mayors
A Nuclear-Weapon-Free World: Our Common Good Joint statement of religious leaders, parliamentarians and mayors Endorsers as at August 5, 2017 Parliamentarians (and former parliamentarians): • Tomoko Abe MP (Japan) • Suray Carrillo MP (Costa Rica) • Shinya Adachi MP (Japan) • Nessa Childers MEP (Ireland) • Hirotaka Akamatsu MP (Japan) Member Committee on the Environment, Public Health • Tasmina Ahmed-Sheikh MP (United Kingdom) and Food Safety Deputy Shadow Leader in the UK House of Commons • Saber Chowdhury MP (Bangladesh) • Ichiro Aisawa MP (Japan) PNND Co-President Secretary General of the Religions for Peace President of the Inter Parliamentary Union Parliamentary Support Group, Former Chair of the • Mauren Clarke MP, (Costa Rica) Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs • David Clendon MP (New Zealand) • Senator Byrganym Aitimova (Kazakhstan) • Barry Coates MP (New Zealand) Chair of the Foreign Affairs Committee • Senator David Coltart (Zimbabwe) Former Kazakhstan Ambassador to the United Nations PNND Past President. • Mani Shankar Aiyar MP (India) Former Minister of Education, Sports and Culture PNND Co-President. Chair of the Rajiv Gandhi Action • Tarja Cronberg (Finland) Plan Group for a Nuclear Free and Nonviolent World PNND Co-President, Former Chair of the European Order Parliament Contact Group with Iran • Seiken Akamine MP (Japan) • David Cunliffe MP (New Zealand) • Cr Kozo Akino (Japan) Disarmament Spokesperson for the Labour Party • Christian Allard MSP (Scotland) • Senator Salwa Damen-Masri (Jordan) • Meyrem Almaci MP (Belgium) PNND Council Member. Chairperson of the Committee Leader of the Greens, Belgian Chamber of for Population and Development Representatives • Karima Delli MEP (France) • Antonio Álvarez MP (Costa Rica) Member Committee on Transport and Tourism • Abacca Anjain Maddison (Marshall Islands) • Graeme Dey MSP (Scotland) PNND Past-President.