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The Thermo-Tectonic and Petroleum System Evolution at Hoodoo

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The Thermo-Tectonic and Petroleum System Evolution at Hoodoo University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2013-02-26 The Thermo-Tectonic and Petroleum System Evolution at Hoodoo Dome, Ellef Ringnes Island, Sverdrup Basin, Canadian High Arctic: Implications for Hydrocarbon Exploration and Regional Geology Springer, Austin Springer, A. (2013). The Thermo-Tectonic and Petroleum System Evolution at Hoodoo Dome, Ellef Ringnes Island, Sverdrup Basin, Canadian High Arctic: Implications for Hydrocarbon Exploration and Regional Geology (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/28400 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/559 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY The Thermo-Tectonic and Petroleum System Evolution at Hoodoo Dome, Ellef Ringnes Island, Sverdrup Basin, Canadian High Arctic: Implications for Hydrocarbon Exploration and Regional Geology by Austin C. Springer A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCE CALGARY, ALBERTA FEBRUARY, 2013 © AUSTIN C. SPRINGER 2013 UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES The undersigned certify that they have read, and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate Studies for acceptance, a thesis entitled “The Thermo-Tectonic and Petroleum System Evolution at Hoodoo Dome, Ellef Ringnes Island, Sverdrup Basin, Canadian High Arctic: Implications for Hydrocarbon Exploration and Regional Geology” submitted by Austin C. Springer in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. ________________________________________________ Supervisor, Dr. Bernard Guest, Department of Geoscience ________________________________________________ Dr. Keith Dewing, Department of Geoscience ________________________________________________ Dr. Benoit Beauchamp, Department of Geoscience ________________________________________________ Dr. Darren B Sjogren, Department of Geography University of Calgary ______________________ Date ii Abstract This study integrates detrital apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronology with source rock characterization and one dimensional burial and thermal history reconstruction modeling to better understand the thermal, tectonic, and petroleum systems at Hoodoo Dome, an evaporite diapir in the Canada's hydrocarbon bearing Sverdrup Basin. Thermochronology on Lower Cretaceous rocks indicates a time of exhumation and cooling related to Eurekan deformation during the Latest-Cretaceous (80 Ma) until Middle Eocene (41 Ma). Burial history modeling of an exploration well at Hoodoo Dome (Hoodoo Dome H-37) indicates that peak hydrocarbon generation and expulsion beneath Hoodoo Dome occurred during the Aptian and Albian. Combined, these results indicate that the petroleum system below Hoodoo Dome generated and expelled its hydrocarbons prior to major structural trap formation associated with the Eurekan Orogeny. As a result, the warrant to further explore for large hydrocarbon fields associated structural traps related to the Late Cretaceous to Eocene deformation is limited. iii Acknowledgements This project would have remained a dream had it not been for the support of many people. Many thanks to my supervisors, Dr. Bernard Guest and Dr. Keith Dewing for always being there for me when I needed to bounce ideas around, providing encouragement and direction when I needed it most, and finally for reading, editing and making numerous recommendations to this thesis. I'd like to thank the rest of my committee, Dr. Benoit Beauchamp, and Dr. Daren Sjogren for their critical reviews and edits of this thesis. I'd also like to thank my office mates and fellow geology researchers for their ongoing support, valuable discussions, and most importantly, their friendship and ability to have non- geology related fun. In addition, my family and friends in Cincinnati for their continuing long- distance support and encouragement. A great thanks to Dr. Benoit Beauchamp, Dr. Stephen Grasby, the SUNBEAM program, the GSC's GEM program, and the Polar Continental Shelf Project for their logistical and financial support of this thesis. Without the support of these people and programs, this project and many others like it in the arctic would not have come to be. I would like to thank Derrick Midwinter for his geological and cooking capabilities as my field assistant during our time on Ellef Ringnes Island. Thank you to the University of Kansas (U-Th)/He thermochronology lab, in particular Dr. Charlie Verdel, Dr. Roman Kislitsyn, and Dr. Daniel Stockli who gave me a great deal of technical support and time during my stay at their lab. Finally, many thanks to Janelle Irvine. She has been my biggest source of support and encouragement throughout this thesis, providing me with numerous edits, ideas, discussions, companionship, and love. iv Dedication I dedicate this thesis to all of my family and friends. v Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................. iii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iv Dedication ............................................................................................................................v Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... vi List of Figures and Illustrations ....................................................................................... viii List of Plates......................................................................................................................xiv List of Tables and Appendices ...........................................................................................xv Extended Abstract: ...............................................................................................................1 1.0 INTRODUCTION: ........................................................................................................3 1.1 Tectonic History of the Sverdrup Basin: ...................................................................5 1.2 Evaporites in the Sverdrup Basin: Deposition and Evolution .................................10 1.3 Study Area: ..............................................................................................................14 1.3.1 Introduction: ....................................................................................................14 1.3.3 Hoodoo Dome Field Mapping: ........................................................................17 1.4 Sverdrup Basin Petroleum System History: ............................................................21 2.0 DETRITAL APATITE (U-TH)/HE THERMOCHRONOLOGY: ..............................23 2.1 Introduction and Methods: .......................................................................................23 2.1.1 He Diffusion in Apatite: ..................................................................................27 2.1.2 α-Particle Ejection and Ft Correction: .............................................................28 2.1.3 Sampling Strategy: ..........................................................................................29 2.1.4 Analytical Technique: .....................................................................................30 2.2 Results: .....................................................................................................................32 2.3 Interpretation and Discussion ..................................................................................34 2.3.1 Apatite Helium Age Reproducibility: .......................................................34 Helium Rich Mineral Inclusions: .......................................................................34 Radiation Damage: ............................................................................................35 U - Th Zonation: ................................................................................................38 Crystal Size Variations and Mismeasurements: ................................................39 Helium Implantation: .........................................................................................40 Summary: ...........................................................................................................40 2.3.3 Impact of Salt Structures on Cooling Histories: ..............................................43 2.3.4 Summary of Apatite (U-Th)/He Thermochronology Interpretations: .............44 2.4 Implications for Geologic History: ..........................................................................46 2.4.1 Campanian Cooling: ........................................................................................46 2.4.2 Cenozoic Cooling: ...........................................................................................49 3.0 1-D BASIN MODELING: ...........................................................................................54 3.1 Introduction:
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