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Die Beschränkung Der Meinungsfreiheit Julian MITTERHUBER DIE BESCHRÄNKUNG DER MEINUNGSFREIHEIT EIN RECHTSVERGLEICH ZWISCHEN ÖSTERREICH UND DEN USA ENTWICKLUNGEN VON 1945 BIS HEUTE DIPLOMARBEIT eingereicht an der RECHTSWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN FAKULTÄT DER LEOPOLD-FRANZENS-UNIVERSITÄT INNSBRUCK zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Magister der Rechtswissenschaften Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. DDr. Martin P. Schennach MAS Innsbruck, Oktober 2020 Eidesstattliche Erklärung Hiermit erkläre ich an Eides statt, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbstständig und nur unter Zuhilfenahme der ausgewiesenen Hilfsmittel angefertigt habe. Sämtliche Stellen der Arbeit, die im Wortlaut oder dem Sinn nach anderen gedruckten oder im Internet verfügbaren Werken entnommen sind, habe ich durch genaue Quellenangaben kenntlich gemacht. Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde bisher in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form noch nicht als Bachelor-/ Master-/Diplomarbeit oder Dissertation eingereicht. Datum 06.10.2020 Unterschrift "But it is elementary that freedom of expression (including academic freedom) is not to be restricted to views of which one approves, and that it is precisely in the case of views that are almost universally despised and condemned that this right must be most vigorously defended."1 NOAM CHOMSKY 1 Chomsky, His Right to Say It, The Nation, (28.02.1981 / 01.10.2020) [https://chomsky.info/19810228/]. INHALTSVERZEICHNIS INHALTSVERZEICHNIS ....................................................................................... IV ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS ............................................................................... V I. EINLEITUNG ............................................................................................... 1 II. WIESO EIN RECHT AUF MEINUNGSFREIHEIT? ............................................. 2 III. ENTWICKLUNGEN BIS 1945 ........................................................................ 3 IV. DEFINITION DER MEINUNGSFREIHEIT UND SCHUTZGEGENSTAND ............... 7 V. RECHTSQUELLEN ...................................................................................... 10 VI. SCHUTZ DER MEINUNGSFREIHEIT DURCH DIE HÖCHSTGERICHTE ............. 15 1. Der Supreme Court of the United States ............................................. 16 2. Die Rechtsprechung des VfGH und der Einfluss des EGMR ............ 18 VII. BESCHRÄNKUNGEN DER MEINUNGSFREIHEIT ........................................... 20 1. Ehre, Reputation und Privatleben ....................................................... 20 2. Verbotsgesetz und Kommunismus ..................................................... 26 3. Fighting Words, Hate Speech und Verhetzung................................... 32 4. Nationale Sicherheit ............................................................................ 37 5. Grenzen der Berichterstattung und Unschuldsvermutung .................. 41 6. Unzüchtiges und Obszönes ................................................................. 49 7. Verletzung des religiösen Empfindens ............................................... 54 VIII. CONCLUSIO .............................................................................................. 59 IX. LITERATURVERZEICHNIS .......................................................................... 62 X. ENTSCHEIDUNGSVERZEICHNIS.................................................................. 75 1. Österreich ............................................................................................ 75 2. United States ....................................................................................... 78 3. Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte ................................... 81 IV ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS ACLU .................................................................................................................................. American Civil Liberties Union AMD-G ........................................................................................................................ Audiovisuelle Mediendienste-Gesetz AmJCompLaw .................................................................................................. The American Journal of Comparative Law AmULRev ........................................................................................................................ American University Law Review AöR ....................................................................................................................................... Archiv des öffentlichen Rechts Bd .................................................................................................................................................................... Band/Volume Beschluss ProvNV .......................................... Beschluss der Provisorischen Nationalversammlung vom 30. Oktober 1918 BGBl .......................................................................................................................................................... Bundesgesetzblatt BlgNR ................................................................................ Beilage zu den Stenographischen Protokollen des Nationalrates BRGÖ .................................................................................................................. Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs B-VG ............................................................................................................................................ Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz BVG-Rundfunk ...................................... Bundesverfassungsgesetz über die Sicherung der Unabhängigkeit des Rundfunks Cir .................................................................................................................................................Circuit (Court of Appeals) Cong ......................................................................................................................................................................... Congress CPUSA ................................................................................................... Communist Party of the United States of America DC .......................................................................................................................................................... District of Columbia Diss ..................................................................................................................................................................... Dissertation dRGBl ........................................................................................................................................ deutsches Reichsgesetzblatt EGMR ........................................................................................................... Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte EGVG ........................................................................................ Einführungsgesetz zu den Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetzen EMRK .................................................................................................................... Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention ErlRV .......................................................................................................................... Erläuterungen zur Regierungsvorlage FAZ ...................................................................................................................................... Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung FCC ............................................................................................................................ Federal Communications Commission G ................................................................................................................................................................................ Gesetz GBlÖ .............................................................................................................................. Gesetzblatt für das Land Österreich GerSR .............................................................................................................................................. German Studies Review GP ....................................................................................................................................................... Gesetzgebungsperiode GRC ........................................................................................................... Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union HarvLRev............................................................................................................................................. Harvard Law Review hL ............................................................................................................................................................. herrschende Lehre HR .................................................................................................................................................. House of Representatives Hrsg.................................................................................................................................................................... Herausgeber ibid .............................................................................................................................................................................. ebenda idR....................................................................................................................................................................... in der Regel ieS ...............................................................................................................................................................
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