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How the Resource Curse Affects Urban Development in East Timor
The Sustainable City V 495 How the resource curse affects urban development in East Timor I. M. Madaleno Portuguese Tropical Research Institute, Lisbon Abstract East Timor is heavily reliant upon royalty and taxation revenues from petroleum and natural gas resources. Poor management of natural resources revenue has given ground for the nation to fall victim to the ‘resource curse’. This paper provides an overview of the country’s recent history whilst characterising its energy resources availability and case-studying a stressing and omnipresent urban problem: the persistence of internal displaced people (idps) living in refugee camps within Dili district. The objective of this contribution is to describe sample research conducted in the capital city of the first 21st century nation on Earth, so as to evaluate with empirical data how the wealth of natural resources is being used both to improve East Timorese daily lives and to regenerate the urban tissue. Keywords: resource curse, refugee camps, urban regeneration, Dili, East Timor. 1 Introduction Asian tigers – South Korea, Taiwan, Hong-Kong and Singapore – are resource- poor countries. East Timor as well as Angola, both former Portuguese colonies, are resource-rich, exhibiting poor economic growth performances and displaying high levels of poverty (see table 1). The quality of local institutions is decisive, though, for there is no curse that cannot be lifted [1, 2]. It is widely accepted that good governance and a strong juridical and institutional framework tend to minimise the ill consequences of the mineral and energy resources privilege both on common people and on political leaders. Weak administration of revenues by contrast can lead to financial resources waste and environmental constrains on grounds of political mismanagement and corruption as on easy money availability excesses. -
1925 Yearbook
1925 Year Book International Bible Students Association HEADQUARTERS 124 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, N. Y., Phone Main 5421 Pastor CHARLES T AZE RUSSELL founder of International Bible Students Association To Us the Scriptures Clearly Teach HAT the church is "the temple of the liYing God", peculiarly "his workmanship"; that its construc T tion has been in progress throughout the Gospel Age--even since Christ became the world's Redeemer and the Chief Corner Stone of his temple, through which, when fini~>hed, God's blessing shall come "to all people", and they find access to him.-1 Corinthians 3: 16. 17; Ephesians 2: 20-22; Genesis 28: 14; Gala tians 3: 29. That meantime the chiseling, shaping, and polishing of consecrated believers in Christ's atonement for sin prop·esses; and when the last of these "living stones", "elect and preciom," shall have been made ready, the great l\Iaster Workman will bring all together in the first resurrection; and. the temple shall be filled with his glory, and be the meeting place between God and men throughout the Millennium.-Revelation 15: 5-8. That the basis of hope, for the church and the world, lies in the fact that "Jesus Christ, by the grace of God, ta~ted death for erery man," "a ransom for all," and will he "the true light which lighteth every man tha,t cometh into the world;'', "in due time."-Hebrews 2: ~: John 1: 9; 1 Timothy 2: 5, 6. That the hope of the church is that she may be lik~ her Lord, "see him as he is," be 'partaker of the divine nature', and share his glory as his joint-heir.-1 John 3 : 2; J olm 17 : 24; Romans 8 : 17 ; 2 Peter 1 : 4. -
Hong Kong: Key Issues in 2021
December 23, 2020 Hong Kong: Key Issues in 2021 The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR, country or with external elements to endanger national or Hong Kong) is a city located off the southern coast of security.” The NPCSC and the HKSAR government have Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China (PRC or stated that the NSL was necessary to restore order China). More than 90% of Hong Kong’s population is following the large-scale protests of 2019. For more about ethnically Chinese. The first language of the vast majority the 2019 protests, see CRS In Focus IF11295, Hong Kong’s is Cantonese, a variety of Chinese different from what is Protests of 2019. spoken in most of the PRC. Hong Kong at a Glance Under the provisions of a 1984 international treaty known Population (2020): 7.5 million as the “Joint Declaration,” sovereignty over Hong Kong Area: 1,082 square kilometers (418 square miles) transferred from the United Kingdom to the PRC on July 1, Per Capita GDP (2019): HK$381,714 (US$48,938) 1997. In the Joint Declaration, China pledged the former British colony “will enjoy a high degree of autonomy, Life Expectancy (at birth, 2018): Men: 82.2 years; except in foreign and defence affairs,” and “will be vested Women: 88.1 years with executive, legislative and independent judicial power, Leadership: Chief Executive Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor including that of final adjudication.” China also promised Source: Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department that the “[r]ights and freedoms, including those of the person, of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, The Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF) has arrested dozens of travel, of movement, of correspondence, of strike, of of people for alleged NSL violations. -
THE ARMENIAN Mirrorc SPECTATOR Since 1932
THE ARMENIAN MIRRORc SPECTATOR Since 1932 Volume LXXXXI, NO. 42, Issue 4684 MAY 8, 2021 $2.00 Rep. Kazarian Is Artsakh Toun Proposes Housing Solution Passionate about For 2020 Artsakh War Refugees Public Service By Harry Kezelian By Aram Arkun Mirror-Spectator Staff Mirror-Spectator Staff EAST PROVIDENCE, R.I. — BRUSSELS — One of the major results Katherine Kazarian was elected of the Artsakh War of 2020, along with the Majority Whip of the Rhode Island loss of territory in Artsakh, is the dislocation State House in January, but she’s no of tens of thousands of Armenians who have stranger to politics. The 30-year-old lost their homes. Their ability to remain in Rhode Island native was first elected Artsakh is in question and the time remain- to the legislative body 8 years ago ing to solve this problem is limited. Artsakh straight out of college at age 22. Toun is a project which offers a solution. Kazarian is a fighter for her home- The approach was developed by four peo- town of East Providence and her Ar- ple, architects and menian community in Rhode Island urban planners and around the world. And despite Movses Der Kev- the partisan rancor of the last several orkian and Sevag years, she still loves politics. Asryan, project “It’s awesome, it’s a lot of work, manager and co- but I do love the job. And we have ordinator Grego- a great new leadership team at the ry Guerguerian, in urban planning, architecture, renovation Khanumyan estimated that there are State House.” and businessman and construction site management in Arme- around 40,000 displaced people willing to Kazarian was unanimously elect- and philanthropist nia, Belgium and Lebanon. -
Hong Kong (China)
126 Hong Kong (China) A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard Hong Kong (China) has 41 tax agreements in force, as reported in its response to the Peer Review questionnaire. Three of those agreements, the agreements with Belarus*, Estonia and Finland, comply with the minimum standard. Hong Kong (China) joined the MLI in 2017 and has not listed its agreements with India and Saudi Arabia. It indicated in its response to the Peer Review questionnaire that it would list those agreements under the MLI. India and Saudi Arabia have listed their agreements with Hong Kong (China) under the MLI. Hong Kong (China) is implementing the minimum standard through the inclusion of the preamble statement and the PPT.61 The agreements that will be modified by the MLI will come into compliance with the minimum standard once the provisions of the MLI take effect. B. Implementation issues Hong Kong (China)’s listed agreements under the MLI will start to be compliant after the ratification of the MLI. It is encouraged that the MLI be ratified as soon as possible. Summary of the jurisdiction response – Hong Kong (China) Treaty partners Compliance If compliant, Signature of The alternative Comments with the the alternative a complying implemented through the standard implemented instrument complying instrument (if not the MLI) 1 Austria No N/A Yes N/A 2 Belarus* Yes PPT alone N/A N/A 3 Belgium No N/A Yes N/A 4 Brunei Darussalam No N/A Yes N/A 5 Cambodia* No N/A No N/A To be added to the list of agreements that Hong Kong wishes to cover under the MLI or through bilateral negotiations of an amending protocol 6 Canada No N/A Yes N/A 7 Czech Republic No N/A Yes N/A 8 Estonia Yes PPT alone N/A N/A 9 Finland Yes PPT alone N/A N/A 61 For 35 of its agreements listed under the MLI, Hong Kong is implementing the preamble statement (Article 6 of the MLI). -
Economic Integration Between Hong Kong, Taiwan and The
OECD Economic Studies No . 20. Spring 1993 ECONOMIC INTEGRATION BETWEEN HONG KONG. TAIWAN AND THE COASTAL PROVINCES OF CHINA Randall S. Jones. Robert E . King and Michael Klein CONTENTS Introduction ...................................................... 116 1. Economic integration within the CEA ............................. 118 A . Trade .................................................. 118 B. Foreign direct investment ................................... 123 C . Other linkages ........................................... 127 D. Impact of integration within the CEA .......................... 128 II . Forces driving integration ...................................... 130 A . Resource endowments ...................................... 130 B . Revealed comparative advantage ............................ 133 C . The role of policies ........................................ 134 D . Political ties ............................................. 137 E . Rapid growth despite policy distortions ......................... 138 Ill. Outlook .................................................... 139 Bibliography .................................................... 1.43 Randall S . Jones and Robert E. King are economists in the Foreign Trade and Investment Division of the Economics Department. Michael Klein. who was formerly employed in the same division. now works at the World Bank . The authors would like to thank Sveinbjorn Blondal. Michael P . Feiner. Nicholas Vanston and Bernard Wacquez for their comments and suggestions. 115 INTRODUCTION During the past -
10. HONG KONG's STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE UNDER CHINESE SOVEREIGNTY Tai Ming Cheung Hong Kong Has Come a Long Way Since It Was
- 170 - 10. HONG KONG’S STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE UNDER CHINESE SOVEREIGNTY Tai Ming Cheung Hong Kong has come a long way since it was dismissed as a barren rock a century and a half ago. This bastion of freewheeling capitalism today is a leading international financial, trading and communications center serving one of the world’s fastest growing economic regions. But Hong Kong is also entering a period of considerable change and uncertainty following its reversion to Chinese sovereignty that is likely to have a far- reaching impact on its strategic importance and role over the coming years. As a British colony, Hong Kong was an important outpost for the West to keep an eye on China and safeguard busy sea-lanes. Under Chinese rule, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) will play a crucial role in boosting China’s economic growth and promoting Beijing’s long-term goal of reunification with Taiwan. How China handles Hong Kong’s return will have major consequences for the territory as well as for China’s relations with the international community. The world will be watching very carefully whether Beijing will adhere to its international commitments of allowing the SAR to retain a high degree of autonomy. The U.S. has said that the transition will be a key issue in determining its future relations with China. This paper will examine the strategic implications of Hong Kong's return to Chinese rule. Several key issues will be explored: • Hong Kong's past and present strategic significance. • The stationing of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in Hong Kong. -
English Selection 2018
ISSN 2409-2274 NATIONAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY HIGHER SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS ENGLISH SELECTION 2018 CONTENTS HERBERT SPENCER: THE UNRECOGNIZED FATHER OF THE THEORY OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION ANATOLY VISHNEVSKY RETHINKING THE CONTEMPORARY HISTORY OF FERTILITY: FAMILY, STATE, AND THE WORLD SYSTEM MIKHAIL KLUPT GENERATIONAL ACCOUNTS AND DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND IN RUSSIA MIKHAIL DENISENKO, VLADIMIR KOZLOV CITIES OF OVER A MILLION PEOPLE ON THE MORTALITY MAP OF RUSSIA ALEKSEI SHCHUR ARMENIANS OF RUSSIA: GEO-DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS OF THE PAST, MODERN REALITIES AND PROSPECTS SERGEI SUSHCHIY AN EVALUATION OF THE PREVALENCE OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS IN RUSSIA USING INCIDENCE-MORTALITY MODEL RUSTAM TURSUN-ZADE • DEMOGRAPHIC REVIEW • EDITORIAL BOARD: INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL COUNCIL: E. ANDREEV V. MUKOMEL B. ANDERSON (USA) T. MALEVA M. DENISSENKO L. OVCHAROVA O. GAGAUZ (Moldova) F. MESLÉ (France) V. ELIZAROV P. POLIAN I. ELISEEVA B. MIRONOV S. IVANOV A. PYANKOVA Z. ZAYONCHKOVSKAYA S. NIKITINA A. IVANOVA M. SAVOSKUL N. ZUBAREVICH Z. PAVLIK (Czech Republic) I. KALABIKHINA S. TIMONIN V. IONTSEV V. STANKUNIENE (Lithuania) M. KLUPT A. TREIVISCH E. LIBANOVA (Ukraine) M. TOLTS (Israel) A. MIKHEYEVA A. VISHNEVSKY M. LIVI BACCI (Italy) V. SHKOLNIKOV (Germany) N. MKRTCHYAN V. VLASOV T. MAKSIMOVA S. SCHERBOV (Austria) S. ZAKHAROV EDITORIAL OFFICE: Editor-in-Chief - Anatoly G. VISHNEVSKY Deputy Editor-in-Chief - Sergey A. TIMONIN Deputy Editor-in-Chief - Nikita V. MKRTCHYAN Managing Editor – Anastasia I. PYANKOVA Proofreader - Natalia S. ZHULEVA Design and Making-up - Kirill V. RESHETNIKOV English translation – Christopher SCHMICH The journal is registered on October 13, 2016 in the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology, and Mass Media. Certificate of Mass Media Registration ЭЛ № ФС77-67362. -
'Populism': Armenia's “Velvet Revolution”
The Armenian Studies Program and the Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies present the 42nd Educator Outreach Conference Authoritarianism, Democratization, and ‘Populism’: Armenia’s “Velvet Revolution” in Perspective Saturday, May 1, 2021 Livestream on YouTube University of California, Berkeley From end March to early May 2018, a series of peaceful protests and demonstration led to the resignation of Prime Minister (PM) Serzh Sargsyan, whom the then ruling Republican Party he chaired had newly nominated for that office. Having completed his two terms as President, from 2008 to 2018, Serzh Sargsyan’s attempt to remain in power became obvious. This attempt also made it evident that the amended 2015 Constitution, which he had promoted to invigorate democratization by shifting power from the office of the President to the Parliament and the office of the Prime Minister, was merely a ploy to extend his rule. It was also the proverbial “last straw that broke the camel’s back.” A kleptocratic, semi-authoritarian regime that appeared to control all the levers of power and of the economy suddenly, and unexpectedly, collapsed. This regime change—which the leader of the protests and incoming new prime minister, Nikol Pashinyan, referred to as a “Velvet Revolution”—was peaceful, something unusual for a post-Soviet republic. Subsequent parliamentary elections brought to power a new generation, younger deputies mostly between the ages of twenty-five to forty. A similar generation change also characterized the formation of the government. Youth, however, also means inexperience as almost none of the new deputies and ministers had held any political position in the past. -
A History of Armenian Immigration to Southern California Daniel Fittante
But Why Glendale? But Why Glendale? A History of Armenian Immigration to Southern California Daniel Fittante Abstract: Despite its many contributions to Los Angeles, the internally complex community of Armenian Angelenos remains enigmatically absent from academic print. As a result, its history remains untold. While Armenians live throughout Southern California, the greatest concentration exists in Glendale, where Armenians make up a demographic majority (approximately 40 percent of the population) and have done much to reconfigure this homogenous, sleepy, sundown town of the 1950s into an ethnically diverse and economically booming urban center. This article presents a brief history of Armenian immigration to Southern California and attempts to explain why Glendale has become the world’s most demographically concentrated Armenian diasporic hub. It does so by situating the history of Glendale’s Armenian community in a complex matrix of international, national, and local events. Keywords: California history, Glendale, Armenian diaspora, immigration, U.S. ethnic history Introduction Los Angeles contains the most visible Armenian diaspora worldwide; however yet it has received virtually no scholarly attention. The following pages begin to shed light on this community by providing a prefatory account of Armenians’ historical immigration to and settlement of Southern California. The following begins with a short history of Armenian migration to the United States. The article then hones in on Los Angeles, where the densest concentration of Armenians in the United States resides; within the greater Los Angeles area, Armenians make up an ethnic majority in Glendale. To date, the reasons for Armenians’ sudden and accelerated settlement of Glendale remains unclear. While many Angelenos and Armenian diasporans recognize Glendale as the epicenter of Armenian American habitation, no one has yet clarified why or how this came about. -
Hong Kong Business Advisory
July 19, 2021 Hong Kong Business Advisory U.S. Executive Agencies Publish Advisory Discussing Risks and Considerations for Businesses and Individuals Operating in Hong Kong SUMMARY On July 16, the U.S. Departments of State, the Treasury, Commerce, and Homeland Security (collectively, the “Departments”) issued an advisory (the “Advisory”) highlighting what the Departments consider to be the increasing risks businesses, individuals, and other persons face in operating in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (“Hong Kong”) of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). In light of recent changes to Hong Kong’s laws and regulations, the Advisory seeks to make such persons aware of “potential reputational, regulatory, financial, and, in certain instances, legal risks associated with their Hong Kong operations.”1 CATEGORIES OF RISKS The Advisory identifies four broad categories of risks: (i) risks for businesses following the imposition of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (the “National Security Law”); (ii) data privacy risks; (iii) risks regarding transparency and access to critical business information; and (iv) risks for businesses that engage with, or may engage with, sanctioned Hong Kong or PRC entities or individuals. A. RISKS UNDER THE NATIONAL SECURITY LAW The PRC National People’s Congress Standing Committee passed the National Security Law in June 2020, which established punishable offenses including secession, subversion, terrorist activities, and collusion with a foreign country or external elements to endanger national security. According to the Departments, Hong Kong authorities have arrested individuals under the National Security Law for “publishing newspaper New York Washington, D.C. -
The Status of Hong Kong and Macao Under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
Pace International Law Review Volume 16 Issue 2 Fall 2004 Article 3 September 2004 The Status of Hong Kong and Macao under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods Ulrich G. Schroeter Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/pilr Recommended Citation Ulrich G. Schroeter, The Status of Hong Kong and Macao under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, 16 Pace Int'l L. Rev. 307 (2004) Available at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/pilr/vol16/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at DigitalCommons@Pace. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pace International Law Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Pace. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE STATUS OF HONG KONG AND MACAO UNDER THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON CONTRACTS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS Ulrich G. Schroeter* I. Introduction ....................................... 308 II. Significance of the Status as a "Contracting State" Under the UN Sales Convention .................. 309 III. The Case of Hong Kong and Macao ............... 312 A. Historical Background ......................... 312 1. Subsequent Development with Respect to H ong Kong ................................. 313 2. Subsequent Development with Respect to M acao ..................................... 314 B. The Position According to the Two SARs Legal O rder .......................................... 314 C. Are Hong Kong and Macao "Contracting States" According to Articles 89-101 of the C ISG ? ......... ................................ 317 1. Hong Kong and Macao as Parts of the People's Republic of China, a Contracting State ....................................... 318 2. Impact of the Public International Law Rules on Succession of States .............