1880. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 559 of Tuskaloosa, Alabama., for the erection of a post-office building in By Mr. WARNER: The petition of Dan. A. Grosvenor, of Athens, that city-to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Ohio, and 295 others, soldiers and sailors of the late war, for the By Mr. McCOID: The petition of Johnson Pierson, in rela.tion to equalization of bounties-to the Committee on Military Affairs. the increase of the salaries of route agents in railway mail service By Mr. WHITTHORNE: The petition of H. :M. Bugg, J. K. Trigg, to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. and others, citizens of Giles County, Tennessee, for a post-route from By Mr. McMAHON: The petition of J. U. Ridgeway, for a pension Pulaski to Brick Church, Tennessee-to the Committee on the Post to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Office and Post.Roads. By Mr. MILLER: The petition of citizens of Jefferson County, New By Mr. WISE: The petition of soldiers of Pennsylvania, against York, for a law to regulate railroad charg-es-to the Committee on the passage of Senate bill No. 496-to the Committee on Invalid Pen Commerce. sions. Also, the petition of citizens of Jefferson County, New York, for the By Mr. WRIGHT: The petitions of George A. Lord and 100 others, amendment of the patent laws-to the Committee on Pa.tents. of Cambridgeport, Massachusetts; of D. W.·Boutelle and 116 others, By Mr. MORTON: Memorial of the Chamber of Comrderce of the of Webb City, Missouri; of William G. Dougla.ss and 18 others, of State of New York, urging the passage of the bill (S.No. 939)toamend Catlett, Virginia ; and of Bartholomew McSheedy and 214 others, of the law relative to the seizure and forfeiture of vessels for breach of Northbridge, Massachusetts, for the passage of the Wright amend the revenue laws-to the Committee on Commerce. ment to the homestead act-to the Committee on Public Lands. By Mr. NEAL: The petition of T. J. McCord and fi2 others, citi zens of Pike County, Ohio, forthe passage of the Weaver soldier bill to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. NEWBERRY: The petition of F. G. Terrill and 284 others, IN SENATE. for relief from the impositions of the patent laws-to the Committee WEDNESDAY, on Patents. January 28, 1880. Also, the petition of James McMillan and others, to relieve savings Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. J. J. BULLOCK, D. D. banks from unjust discriminations under the internal-revenue laws The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and apptoved. to the Committee of Ways and Means. JAMES G. BLAINE, a Senator from the State of Maine, appeared in Also, memorial of the Wayne County (Michigan) Central Agricult his seat to-day. ural and Industrial Society, for a donation of certain lots in the Dear EULOGIES ON THE LATE SENATOR CHANDLER. born arsenal grounds, in the State of Michigan-to the Committee on The VICE-PRESIDENT. By the unanimous order of the Senate Milita.ry Affairs. this day has been set apart for the delivery of eulogies in commem By .Mr. POEHLER : Papers relating to the pension claim of Lizzie oration of the death of the late Senator from Michigan, ZACHARIAH Bailey-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. CHANDLER. By Mr. POUND: The petition of J.C. Sergeant and 21 others,ex Mr. FERRY. l\fr. President, the time having arrived for the deliv soldiers, of Rice Lake, Wisconsin, against the passage of Senate bill ery of eulogies upon my late colleague, the annonncement in the No. 496-to the same committee. Senate of his death having already been made, I now offer the fol By Mr. RICHMOND: The petition of J. F. Fisher and 28 others, lowing resolutions and move their adoption: citizens of Wythe County, Virginia, for the passage of a law to pre Resolved, That the Senate receive with profound sorrow the announcement of vent fluctuations in freight and unjust discriminations in transporta the death of ZACHARIAH CHANDLim, late a Sena.tor of the United States from the tion charges-to the Committee on Commerce. State of Michigan, and for nearly nineteen years a member of this body. Also, the petition of W. G. Repass and 20 others, citizens of Wythe Resolved, That to express some estimate held of his eminent services in a long public career rendered conspicuous by fearless patriotic devotion, the business of County, Virginia, that the patent laws be so amended as to makethe the Senate be now suspended, that the associates of the departed Senator may pay manufacturer or vendor of patented articles alone responsible for any fitting tribute to his public and private virtues. infringement-to the Committee on Patents. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is, will the Senate agree By Mr. SAPP: Papers relating to the claim of C. T. Martin for to the resolutions f back pay as an officer of the United States Army-to the Committee The resolutions were agreed to unanimous_ly. of Claims. Mr. FERRY. I send other resolutions to the desk and ask that they Also, papers relating to the claim of Batelle & Evans for pay for be read. beef furnished the United States Army during the late war, under The resolutions were read, as follows: contract-to the Committee on War Claims. Resolved, That the loss the country sustained in the death of Mr. CHM>l>LER was Also, papers relating to the claim of John Jackson for pay for prop manifest by expressions of public sorrow throughout the land. erty taken by the United States Army during the late war-to the Resolved, That as a mark of respect for the memory of the dead Senator the same committee. members of the Senate will wear crap" upon the left arm for thirty days. Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate communicate these resolutions to the _Also, papers relating to the claim of Alexander C. Crawford for House of Representatives. rent of stores by United States authorities during the late war-to &solved, That as an additional mark of respect for the memory of the deceased, the same committee. the Senate do now adjourn. Also, papers relating to the claim of Hall Colby for pay for exam The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is upon agreeing to the ining and correcting compasses of United States vessels during the resolutions just reported. late war and for compasses furnished and placed on board said ves Mr. FERRY. Mr. President, the observance of the Senate this day sels-to the same committee. is in memory of no common man. The sterling qualities of his man By Mr. SIMONTON: The petition of Mrs. J. B. Long, for pay for hood none ever dare assail. He wore his faults upon his sleeve. property taken by the United States Army during the late war-to Charges of his defamers were frivolous and discreditable to t-hem the same committee. selves; for of all the great men who have lived and died in this gen By Mr. SLEMONS: The petition of Mary T. Duncan, of similar eration, there was no keener seer, no shrewder organizer, no franker import-to the same committee. partisan, no truer patriot, than ZACHARIAH CHANDLER. By l\Ir. SPEER: The petition of H. T. Powell, D. R. Elder, and The Chandlers of Bedford, New Hampshire, were well-to-do farm others, for the establishment of a post-route from :Maxey's to Powell's ers of the Puritan Mayflower stock. There, in 1813, he was born, and Mills, Georgia-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. there he passed his childhood, receiving what was then thought a Also, the petition of James M. Smith, for a post-route from Win good primary education. As the boy grew up his father gave him· terville to Pleasant Halt, Georgia-to the same committee. his choice, a college training or a thousand dollars to stock a bus By Mr. TALBOTT: The petition of Ben F. Taylor and others, for iness life. He chose the latter, and, with the spirit of adventure which the amendment of the patent laws-to the Committee on Patents. has always marked the New England race, hemadefor western wilds. Also, the petition of }'rederick Richter and others, against the Michigan at that time was a trackless wilderness, whose solitude passage of Senate bill No. 496-to the Committee on Invalid Pen lay unbroken save by the roar of surrounding waters. Detroit sions. then was a town on the border, with a population of some :five thou Also, the petition of Ben F. Taylor and others, for the regulation sand souls. There he stuck bis stake and began his mercantile of transportation by railways-to the Committee on Railways and career. His main object in those days was to win commercial success. Canals. This he achieved by his self-denial, energy, fidelity, sagacity, and Also, the petition of 2,000 citizens of the District of Columbia, in integrity. No man worked harder, lived more frugally, or upheld a favor of the market enterprise known as Corcoran Market, on square higher standard of business morality. Many a night he slept on the 446, Washington, District of Columbia, and against the sale of said floor or counter of his store, and many other nights, through the forest square-to the Committee for the District of Columbia. roadway, under the light of thetStars, he traversed the peninsula from By Mr. WILLIAM G. THOMPSON: The petition of J. Wilkinson point to point, doing business by day and pOBhing his way by night. and 29 othere, for tile amendment of the patent laws-to the Com For several years he thus bad been toiling, when the great :financial mittee on Pa.tents. crash of 1837 overtook him. Smaller country merchants could not By Mr. THOMAS UPDEGRAFF: The petition of William Messer meet their paper. CHANDLER'S i:;tore in Detroit felt the wave of dis and 84 citizens of Fayette County, Iowa, for a law restricting the aster, and, gathering up all availa' ~ le effects, he pushed for New York remedy for infringement of patents to actions against manufacturers and laid before his creditors the exact situation, proposing to make and vendors-to the same committee. to them an assignment of all he had. Their answer was equally cred Also, the petition of William Messer, Frank Marion, and others, itable to him and to them: "CHANDLER, you are too good a man to citizens of Fayette County, Iowa, for relief against railway trans be lost for want of confidence; go back and go on with your business, portation monopolies-to the Committee on Commerce. and if you want more goods send on your orders." The result showed 560 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN.ATE. JANUARY 28,
they had not misjudged. In a couple of years he bad weathered the To justly take the measure of this man we must recall the times storm, and paid every debt, dollar for dollar; and from that hour bis and associates of his labors. CHANDLER first came to his senatorial fortune was assured. seat at the called session of March, 1857. He stood up in this Cham Meanwhile he became most thoroughly identified with his city and ber and took the oath of office with HAMLIN, of Maine; Bayard, of ~tate. Generally known as a thorough business man, his acquaint Delaware; Bright, of Indiana; Broderick, of California.; Sumner, of ance with the business men of Michigan was better than any one of Massachusetts; Preston King, of New York; Rusk, of Texas; Came his associate pioneers. His public spirit led him into all relations ron, of Pennsylvania; Dixon, of Connecticut; Wade, of Ohio; Doo with bis fellow-citizens which promised to promote the welfare of little, of Wisconsin; Mallory, of Florida; and Jefferson Davis, of his adopted home. Then, in his earlier vigor, he took part in the 1\fississippi. That oath was administered by Mason, of Virginia; and various organizations of the young men of Detroit, and first became faithlessly as some came to regard it, CHANDLER meant every word known as a speaker in the debating society of the city, attracting of it, officially lived it, in his last public words in the presence of a~ special attention by a public lecture on "The Elements of Success." sembled th~ sands, glowed with it, and died with the supreme joy of At that time the whigs and democrats were the contending political having thr6ugh all tests of ambition, fortune, and peril obeyed its parties, and Michigan was controlled by the then powerful demo obligations faithfully to the end. On taking bis seat and casting cratic party, under the distinguished leadership of General Lewis about him he saw the veterans of the Senate, the venerable fathers Cass, himself a worthy, honored, and influential resident of Detroit. and orators of the Republic, and men, too, as he gazed, who even then CHANDLER, as became his New England origin, sided with the whigs. were preparing for the revolt upon the contingency of an adverse His first decidedly political speech was made in 1848, at Detroit, one presidential election. He saw Breckinridge, of Kentucky, just then evening, upon a box at a corner of the street, in favor of the presi sworn into the office of Vice-President of the United States and Presi dential candidacy of General Zachary Taylor. He began that speech dent of the Senate. He saw here then, ai seen now, a democratic by saying in a sprightly way that one of the reasons he had for sup majority and the leading spirits of the then policy of that proud porting his candidate was that his name was "Old Zach," a name he party. There were, the venerable Butler, of South Carolina; Slidell honored, for his name too was " Zach," scarcely dreaming as he said and Benjamin, of Louisianai Toombs, of Georgia; Houston, of Texas; it that thirty years afterward, from the platform of a crowded hall Johnson, of Tennessee; and. greatest, if least, Douglas, the giant, of in a great city west of Detroit, on the eve of his death, he himself, lliinois. And among the master spirits of the policy of tpe broadest as "Old Zach," would be greeted by admiring thousands of his fel.: liberty as the true construction of the national charter, were Seward, low-citizens, assembled to hear the last and ablest speech of his life. of New York; Wade, of Ohio; HAMLIN and Fessenden, of Maine; From the election of General Taylor to the Presidency, CHANDLER Sumner and Wilaon, of Massachusetts; Hale, of New Hampshire; took a more active part in the local politics of Michigan. In 1851 he Crittenden, of Kentucky; Collamer and l!,oot, of Vermont; Broderick, was chosen mayor of Detroit, against the powerful influence of his of California; Harlan, of Iowa; Cameron,of Pennsylvania; and Trum political opponents, through his personal popularity. The next year bull, of lliinois. Many of these were lawyers and statesmen of ripe he was nominated by the whigs for governor of the State; but the e:x:perience in these Halls, some of whom had sat with Calhoun and time for party change had not then come, and he sustained defeat. Clay and Webster and Benton, sharing in the debates of those giants Undaunted he bore the taunts of democratic leaders in those days, of earlier days. CHANDLER, fresh from the counter, had many things who contemptuously smiled upon his political aspirations and jeered to learn; but he wa.s not long in taking bis bearings. The whole him with the hint that a mere merchant and business man should country was then profoundly agitated. President Buchanan was never aim so high! I surrounded by Cass and Cobb, Jacob Thompson, Toucey and Floyd, Controversy in national politics gradually ripened a new order of Brown and Black, and Chief-Justice Taney. Filibuster Walker was thin~s. The issues forced upon the people by the repeal of the Mis maneuvering in southern waters, threatening by bis piratical move souri compromise and the consequent scenes in Kansas gave birth to ments to embroil the nation in foreign ~ar; the Kansas conflict was a new party, whose history should surpass all others since the founda raging with increasing fury, and Abraham Lincoln, then a quiet coun tion of the Government. CHANDLER was one of the fathers and try lawyer in Illinois, was carefully noting the situation and uncon founders of that republican party, and, notwithstanding his preten sciously bracing for bis herculean labor. CHANDLER lost no oppor sions were so derided by his political adversaries, he displaced the tunity to express concern for manifest disregard for the welfare of honored democratic champion, General Cass, by taking his seat in the the North and West. Observing this early, in placement on commit Senate of the United States on the 4th of March, 1857. tees in the first session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, when commit In a single week after his election to this high place he had retired tees were announced, he rose and in earnest but dignified remon from an active and large mercantile business, with all its affairs defi strance said, "Sir, we are not satisfied and we desire to enter our nitely arranged, that private matters should not divert him from his protest against any such formation of the committees as is here pro . more responsible duties to the people of State and country. When posed ; " and, on one of his first measures-a bill to deepen the Saint this change of pursuit occurred he wa.a in business capacity the peer Clair Flats-said," I want to see who is friendly to the great North of Astors, Stewarts, and Vanderbilts. The secret of success he had west and who is not, for we are about making our last prayer here. found. His wealth, already assured, wa.s so disposed that before his * * * After 1860 we shall not be here as beggars." Upon the death he was accounted with the country's millionaires. The energy questions of more general character in the national policy he, with and zeal which had wrought out so large a fortune was now directed becoming reserve, deferred in debate to more experienced members; to questions of public interest which for years he had seen arising, but when measures were proposed which he could not indorse, he waa and had been preparing himself to meet, with a faith as clear as his of such a mold that he could not sit by in silence. His face waa courage was invincible. Elected to this body, he continued a Senator squarely set against the Lecompton-constitution and the acquisition for three consecutive terms ending March 4, 1875. At the choice for ::if Cuba. His speeches on those projects are among the most telling the fourth term he was defeated, when the qualities of the man shone ?rotests raised in the Senate upon kindred measures. In the fiercer forth as never before. Silent and serene he bided bis time. He well uebates which followed, the custom of the duello-popular at the knew that the body of the State was with him, and that he had been South, but deprecated at the North-received new life. Menace and abandoned by a handful of men who in an hour of fatality were in insult had reached their limit. They were no longer to be borne. capable of measuring either him or themselves. Knowing it was CHANDLER: Wade, and Cameron signed a compact to :fight on the first unjust, he felt sure that his own State, for which he had labored for provocation. It certainly was a bold step; but it was effectual. years, would on the first occasion right the blundering wrong. She CHANDLER and Wade soon had occasion to act upon their purpose. was early to discover and prompt to correct her mistake. Happily, Seward's "irrepressible conflict" drew insult, and CHANDLER took too, that she rejected the example of the Greeks, who persecuted their up bis cause. Sumner was smitten down and Wade repelled the das sages and heroe's to death, then afterward repented in monuments and tardly act. Whatspever may be said of the means they employed, tears. The interval of loss to the State was gain to the nation. The the code thenceforth practically came to an end. CHANDLER was as lapse proved auspicious. It was needed to furnish opportunity for ready with words as with blowlil. When the John Brown raid at Har his commanding business capacity and Spartan virtue to display on per's Ferry was under discussion bis allusion to the fury which sealed another :field. Retiring from the Senate did not long end his public the fate of those whose zeal for human liberty knew no bounds, was a service. The Department of the Interior, one of the most important most biting piece of satire. and complicated branches of the Government, was suffering nnder the li- cloud of evil repute. He was invited by President Grant to assume Said he- its charjae, and, in October, 1875, took the office. Those who knew seventeen men were to attack the city of Detroit in any capacity, and the mayor him wel at once predicted that he would clear that Department of should appoint aa a. guard more than seventeen constables to take care of them, long-prevailing scandals, and manage its affairs vigorously, wisely, the city auditor would decline to audit the account. He would not pay it. bonest.Jy, and for the best interests of 'Mle country. How well he met His foresight was even more remarkable than his fearless, patriotic this expectation the record of his official relation to it will best answer. zeal. In the great presidential contest of 1860, when four candidates Upon the inauguration of President Hayes, CHANDLER was superseded were before the people and the whole land was kindled to the highest and returned to his home in Detroit, ending apparently his official state of excitement, his belief that on the success of Lincoln hinged life. For himself be could well then, and honorably, withdraw from the life of the nation made him most active and conspicuous in the all active participation in the political struggles of the day; but the campaign. He may be said to have been the triumphant knight of public felt a loss which be alone could repair. On the resignation of that great tournament. When Congress assembled, following · this Senator Cbristiancy, by whom he waA defeated, he wa.s replaced in presidential race, he, with others, saw the national beayens black the Senate by an overwhelming voice of the Legislature of his State, with portent. He watched with anxiety the days of winter unfold and at once resumed bis seat here, which he held to the close of the ing signs of national disintegration, and marked the powers of na late extraordinary session. tional self-preservation scattered, and the Chief Magistrate in gravtl 1880. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 561
message declaring the Government powerless to prevent separation. and camp; viewed the hospitals; cared for the maimed and dying; In these and other unmistakable signs he read the deep-seated pur cheeTed and upbore the President and his sorely pressed Cabinet, pose of destroying the Union, and when a peace convention of all the until victory perched upon the Union banner. Congressional recoo-ds States wa.s called to meet in Washington he cou1d not restrain or dis will reveal the multiplied forms in which his sagacious and practical guise his judgment. The cry for "peace'' then, and under such in mind shaped the measures which were so vital during the years of the dications and preparations, was to him a pretext, the outcome of war, and which now stand aa the policy of the Government, uncl his which was war. He so penned a private letter to the governor of memorial legacy, bequeathed to a saved and grateful nation. Michigan, which, purloined, was made the subject of mock solemnity Of his labors since that period, time will not permit me to speak of horror by Powell of Kentucky, and the occasion for Richardson at length. As chairman of the Committee on Commerce of the Sen of Illinois to taunt him with the authorship of what has come to be ate, and of which he was a member at his death, he imparted to its known as "CHANDLER'S blood-letting letter." CHANDLER'S reply to varied labors that freshness ancl vigor of thought and breadth of these was a manly, frank utterance, and such a scathing arraignment suggestion for which he was ever noted. As in war, so in peace, any · of the scheme of secession and rebellion that the loyal spirit of the thing which concerned the honor of, or advanced American interests country was roused; mock oratory in the Senate for the time put at never escaped his ready attention. Whether at home or abroad, her rest, and this famous letter signalized as the one prophecy of patri rights and welfare were to him of the first importance. To the reve
otic foresi.-rht0 which the muse of history writes down sadly fulfilled. nue and financial measures which have contributed to restore the It was by him then memorably said that peace conventions would nation to a condition of prosperity, and have raised our commercial prove va.in and fruitless. The 4th of March found ma.ny seats in this credit and standing to the front rank with the powers of the globe, Chamber vacated. Subsequent events developed seven States of the he gave the aid of his rare experience and ripest judgment. Occu Union organized at Montgomery into a sep::i.rate government, with pied with the exhaustive la.hors that grew out of the attempt to de Jefferson Davis its president and ALE~"DEU H. STEPHENS, now a stroy the Union by force of arms; with the care, thought, and legis distinguished member of the other House, its vice-president, F.ort lation demanded to provide adequate organic guarantees to forever Sumter invested, fired upon, and war suddenly opened on a generation remove the source of national division; to assure to slaves made free that had as little prftctical knowledge of war as belief that arms were their rightful citizenship, and utterly extirpate every vestige of elec to settle what votes had legally expressed as the will of loyal people. toral disqualification; to retire to the body of the people an army The lack of the art and practice. of warfare wa.s, however, more than millions strong; to safely reconstruot and restore desolated States; made up by the spirit and enthusiasm for the old flag, which knew to re-establish· civil service upon the basis of preference given to no bounds. . maimed Union soldiers in Government employ; to provide ways and Of the few rare men reared andraisedintoprominentplace by an a.ll means to meet the cumulative obligations of the nation and pfaco wise Providence for the matchless struggle, CHANDLER was one. He the money of the people upon a safe and stable basis; to prove thn.t had in large measure the very qu:llities to animate and inspirit a brave under monarchies and not republics "laws are silent in the midst of and willing, but unmartial people, lo~ing country above peace nind arms"-since all the functions of popular soveTeignty went on with life. Such men were needed to quicken and encourage the forces on uninterrupted precision-I repeat; with care for all these subjects, the field amid the reverses which fell to our Army during the first Mr. CHANDLER found time and occasion to guard as well against any years of the war. Congr.ess met iu December, '61 ; a great shadow acts encroaching upon our rights and just relations with nations lay on the loyal heart; undismayed, and firm and hopeful midst dis abroad, as to watch and advance the supremacy of the political party asteT, CHANDLKR was the first to move in this body a committee on charged with the defense a.nd welfare of the nation at home. He the conduct of the war, which was on the part of the Senate, com offered and nidvoca.ted a resolution for reclamation upon Great Britain posed of Wade, CHANDLER, and Johnson. And well did it perform for the destruction of our shipping by the Anglo-confederate priva its great task. Reports from it :fill seven large volumes of the public teers at sea; discussed non-intercourse with England; spoke with in records. To give a glimpse of the character of its work, and the dignant fervor upon the raids from Canada; and urged a termination lamentable national situation calculated to appall the bra.vest, it of the reciprocity treaty with that Dominion. He as freely denounced geems due at this time to this stout heart thn.t his own words should European despotism on this continent and raised his voice against its voice that work and that situation. He said in this Senate, July 16, usurpations. He 1mbmitted a resolution of inquiry into the alleged 1862: acts of the Mexican imperial government tow:ud the officers and .At an eatly day of the present session of Congress the Committeo on the Con. men of the Juarez party, who were reported to have suffered death
Mr. ANTHONY. Mr. President, this scene and this occasion renew and their careers, to precede a formation of judgment of an antagon to me the shock which I experienced when the sorrowing wires un ist, by the inquiry, "How would we have regarded the actio.n of our laded their burden of grief and told me that CHANDLER was dead. adversary, had his energies been exerted in favor of the party and It is difficult to a-ssociate ZACHARIAH CHANDLER with the idea of policies with which we ourselves have been a11ied ¥" death. His exuberant vitality, his overflowing spirit, his command May it not well be, that seen thus through a medium of sympathetic ing air and presence, all forbid it. ~almost look to see .his. manly ends, the means of attainment, would have appeared somewhat less and vigoro~ figure-~t tenement of his manly ~eart and h1.s v1goro~s objectionable! intellect-rise from bis a-ccustomed seat, towerrng above his peers rn In the maze of action and passion of daily political life we are not this Chamber; I almost listen for that voice whose stentorian tones apt to judge men justly, and may easily fail equally to appreciate the these wa11s have so often sent back to our ea.rs. faults of an ally and the virtues of an opponent. Born and educated in New England, passing the maturity of his But there were traits and qualities in Mr. CHANDLER that all men years in the West, he united, in an uncommon degree, the qualities may dwell upon with admiration and respect, and which I have now and characteristics of each : the shrewdness, the steadiness, the keen a melancholy satisfaction in attesting. observation, the inflexible purpose of the one; the freshness, the eager He was mauly, impulsive, outspoken, sincere, and generous-an earnestness, the sturdy robustness of the other; the :fidelity, the truth open but not implacable foe, and a steady and courageous friend. fulness, the manliness of both. His sincerity was beyond question; His hand was open, for he was" a cheerful giver." He possessed a his honest belief in the principles which he professed was never dis mind of superior force and sagacity, and his faculties for the admin puted; he meant what he said, and be said all that he meant. He had istration of affairs were eminently practical and effective. no halting opinions; he had ajudgment,and a decideujudgment,on In one important respect he supplied an example valuable in any every question that was presented to him; and although at times he government, and especially in one so popular in its forward nature as seemed to be hasty of speech, it was the haste of the occasion, not our own. I refer to the fact that on no occasion was Mr; CHANDLER the haste of sudden conviction or of uncontrollable impulse. Those known to use his official position for his own pecuniary gain,-directly who knew him intimately knew how closely he had studied, how deeply or indirectly. he had thought upon the questions that he discussed with apparent His death has ended a long career of public service in executive suddenness, and that his impulsiveness of manner followed long and . and legislative capacities, and throughout his hands were ever clean careful examination of the subject under consideration. It was not of unjust or illegitimate gain, nor did his bitterest political foe (and the rushing of the stream swollen by violent rains, but the letting no man evoked stronger personal criticism) ever charge, or even sus loose of the imprisoned waters of the lake, which, long collected and pect him, with making personal profit out of his political station and confined, waited but the opportunity of outlet to pour forth with opportunities. more than the impetuosity of the mountain torrent. He was a forci He was a man of vigorous, frank nature, and his virtues and bis ble but not a frequent speaker. The strength of his convictions found faults were the natural outgrowth. Free-handed and open-hearted, expression in the boldness of his utterance. Disdaining the lighter he kept his word, despised a coward, and loathed n. hypocrite. graces of rhetoric, his speeches did not sparkle with wit nor glow Standing now a.a it were above bis newly made grave, I bear will with sentiment, but they bristled with fa-cts; if he did not captivate ing testimony to these personal virtues, and can recall many instances by his style, he compelled assent by his reasoning; and when he had of his accommodating kindness and personal courtesy, which rendered arranged his facts and constructed hir:i argument, his conclusion fol the transaction of business with him so easy and agreeable. lowed with almost irresistible force. For the rest, I feel that we are too near the years of his active Devoting himself to commerce and to politics, he attained eminent political career to express positive judgment. success in each and secured the highest rewards of both. To enumer To justly measure so aggressive, vigorous and influential a charac ate the positions which he :filled and the honors that he received ter as his, it must be viewed at a little distance, as sculptors often would be but to repeat, in feebler phrase, what has been so well said ask for the consideration of their strongest and most rugged works. by the Senator who was his colleague. I think I shall do violence to Time will mellow, and reflection will soften the asperities and ani the feelings of no man, and to the friends of no man who survives him mosities caused by recent and heated conflict and which may obscure in that State, so eminent for its distinguished sons, when I say that somewhat present judgment. he was, by common acceptance, the first citizen of Michigan. The Mr. President, the messenger of death came to our departed asso respect and affection in which he wa.a held at home were manifested ciate suddenly, and in the very midst of his most ardent and strenu on the day of his burial. It was a fitting day for that sad office. ous pursuits. Detroit was in mourning. From every public building floated the Here in this hall of public deliberation, once more are we confronted emblems of sorrow, and the doors and windows of numerous private and startled by the foot-prints of the Pale Archer, whose sb:l.fts in houses were draped in sable. The streets were whitened by the early tended surely for each one of us remain as yet in the quiver unselected. snow of winter, which fell with blinding fury upon the city. The Busied as we all are with the thoughts and cares of daily life, should sidewalks were thronged with thousands upon thousands of men and we not pause to-day, and, thinking of the strong man who has been women, who, unable to get near the house, stood exposed, for hours, so suddenly called from our side, and from the home and wide circle to the inclement weather, waiting to see the long and melancholy pro of friends, to whom his warm heart and manly qualities so endeared cession. him :-glaµce down the inevitable pathway he has been called upon To dwell at length upon his qualities as a partisan might offend to tread, and so order our living that each may not fear to follow in the proprieties of the occasion, and I forbear. But even the slightest his turn! sketch of him would be imperfect without some reference to his par tisan character. He was a party man. He held that the division of Mr. HAMLIN. The friendships formed in this body in long asso the people into parties was essential to the balance of elective insti ciation are no inconsiderable compensation for the labors and annoy tutions. He early selected for his support the party that was, in his ance incident to senatorial life. While patience and forbearance are judgment, most conformable to the spirit of the Constitution, to the sometimes exhausted in earnest, exhaustive, and at times angry de rights and liberties of the people, and to the prosperity of the coun bate, and many things are said and done in zeal which the calmer try; and having deliber.ately made his choice, he adhered to it with judgment will not approve, yet the ties here formed and cemented all the tenacity of hiB nature. He believed in strong meaaures, and will never be severed in life. As a rule these friendships, differing ill had no confidence in half-way methods and expedients. Whatever degree, are far more general than is supposed. The cases are rare and was right and proper he held was to be promoted by all legal and exceptional where association here does not produce a cordial and sin proper means. cere greetiag as we mingle and meet along the pathway of life. And He died as he would have preferred to die-suddenly, painlessly, the ~cquaintance formed here with the deceased distinguished Sena and with his harness on. He fell as the warrior falls, on the eve of tor, which ripened into permanent and undisturbed friendf!hip, justi battle, with his sword in his hand and his shield upon his arm. fies if it does not require that I should add a few words of personal Death was kinder to him than it often is to the race of man, to all tribute to his worth a,nd memory in the same spirit with which the of whom" it is appointed once to die." No lingering disease wasted friendly hand would place a garland of flowers upon his new-m:ide that stalwart form; no protracted suffering enfeebled that masculine grave. Some have spoken and others will speak more elaborately of intellect. The pale messenger, unheralded and unexpected, sum his public life and valuable services. moned him in the vigor of health and of active usefulness i touched I first knew of Mr. CHANDLER as a distinguished merchant in the city him with his wand, ari.d he sank to eternal sleep-no, we 1>elieve he of Detroit, where he had become eminent for his high commercial rose to eternal life. and :financial integrity, and had established a busil)ess reputation which extended far beyond the limits of his own State. In one of l\:Ir. BA.YARD. Mr. President, the relations I have held with the those financial tornadoes which at times have disturbed the business deceased Senator CHANDLER, have arisen only as a consequence of my and industries of our country, when older and apparently more firmly service as a member of this body, and it has so happened that by the established houses were wrecked by the blast, so well established was organizationof political parties we usually foundourselves i,n decided his reputation for unquestioned mercantile capacity a.ml integrity opposition to each other. that, when himself in doubt as to his ability to withstand the crisis, Of his political opinions, actions and methods, I will not therefore on consultation with those with whom he had business relations, and speak, for I could not do so approvingly, nor would it be worthy of acting under their united advice and assurances of support, he went myself or of him to attempt qualification or reconciliation of our de forward triumphantly and successfully ontriding the storm. A mer cided opinions on policies or principles of government,-in regard to chant of known and unquestioned integrity, he was at all times en which few men differed so widely as he and I. titled to receive and did receive the highest consideration. It is It may be adopted as a wise rnle in arriving at an estimate of men indeed a priceless legacy which he bas left to his family, and he fur-, 564 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 28, nishes an example which should be imitated by all who care to be young men at twenty years of age naturally drifted with a current that honest.· His sterling character in that regard is the brighter in times was so strong; but Mr. CHANDLER had inherited certain political prin like these, when the crime of repudiation stalks at noon-day and ciples which were strengthened by his own convictions as he grew to finds unblushing advocates among States and corporations as well as manhood, and he took his stand at once and firmly with the minor among individuals. ity. He was from the outset a strong power in the political field; I knew of the Senator also as a distinguished leader in the whig though not until his maturer years, with fortune attained and the party in the days of its strength and its triumph. He was once its harder struggles of life crowned with victory, would he consent to hold honored lead.er in a gubernatorial contest in his State. I also knew any public position. But he was in all the fierce conflicts which raged of him well as one of the prominent and leading men in the State for twenty years in Michigan, and which ended in changing the polit of Michigan by whose counsels and under whose guidance the re ical mastery of the State. It is not matter of wonder that personal publican party wa-s formed, and those who thought alike were in estrangements occurred in such prolonged and bitter controversy, duced to act together; a party in which he was at all times promi without indeed the loss of mutual respect, and in one of the most nent, and to which he adhered with unwavering fidelity to the close exciting periods of the struggle General Cass spoke publicly of not of his life ; and by which he won that national confidence and re enjoying the honor of Mr. CHANDLER'S acquaintance. It was just spect to which he was so eminently entitled. three years afterward, as Mr. CHANDLER delighted to tell with good But I became personally acquainted with Senator CHANDLER on natured and pardonable boasting, that he carried to General Cass a that day when we were sworn in as members of this body, and at letter of introduction from the governor of Michigan which so im the time when he first took his seat in the Senate of the United pressed the General that he c:.i,used it to be publicly read in this States. Chamber and placed on the permanent files of the Senate. It is to In my judgment, the most prominent and distinguishing traits in the honor of both these great men that complete cordiality of friend the character of Senator CHANDLER were his sincere convictions of ship was restored, and that in the hour of supreme peril to the nation whe.t he believed to be right, and his indomitable courage in express which came soon after, General Cass and Mr. CHANDLER stood side by ing and maiitaining those convictions regardless of consequences. side in maintaining the Union of the States by the exercise of the He who possesses those characteristics may always have enemies, but war power of the Government. They sleep their l:tst sleep in the he will never be without friends. I have myself but little respect same beautiful cemetery near the city which was so long their home, foc that man who has not enough of character to mak~ an enemy, under the soil of the State which each did so much to honor, and on for he cannot be worthy to claim others as his friends. The frank 'the shores of the lakes whose commercial development, spanned by ness with which Senator CHANDLER expressed bis opinions upon all their lives, has been so greatly promoted by their efforts. occasions was not acceptable to many, and if he did not thereby in The anti-slavery agitation which broke forth with such strength in cur their hostility he certainly failed to attach them to him as friends. 1854, following the repeal of the Missouri compromise, met with par But none were left in d.oubt as to the position he would occupy upon tial reaction soon after, and in 1R56 Mr. Buchanan was chosen to the allf" question in regard to which his opinions were known. He was Presidency. Mr. CHANDLER took his seat for the first time in this body a man of convictions and courage ; never a man of policy and com on the day of Mr. Buchanan's inauguration. It was the first public promise; nor did he believe in that timidity which in effect was station he had ever held except the mayoralty of Detroit for a single treason to right and justice. term, and the first for which he had ever been a candidate, except That in hls life for wllich he was perhaps held in the highest esteem when in 1852 he consented to lead the forlorn hope of the Whigs in the by the loyal people of this country was the zeal and courage he dis contest for governor of Michigan. When he entered the Senate the played and the labor he performed in maintaining the supremacy of democratic party bore undisputed sway in this Chamber, having more the Government. Many there were who ta.lked more; few, if any, t.han two-thirds of the entire body. The party was led by resolute, who labored as much and as effectively. With him it was always aggressive, able, uncompromising men, who played for a high stake actions rather than words. He had then, as at all times, the bold and who played the bold game of those who were willing to cast all ness to characterize things and events by their right names, however upon the hazard of the die. The party in opposition, to which Mr. distasteful it might be to others. I would award all honor to the CH.Allc""DLER belonged, was weak in numbers but strong in character, in brave men who by their heroic acts and undaunted courage have tellect, and influence. Seward, with his philosophy of optimism, his lieen so instrumental in advancing the best interests of our common deep study into the working of political forces, and his affluence of country in the field or on the ocean. I would pluck no leaf from the rhetoric, was its accepted leader. He was upheld and sustained by Sum wreaths that so justly adorn their brows. I yield to none in the ner, with his wealth of learning and his burning zeal for the right; by respect I would pay to them. But courage, cool, deliberate, unmis Fessenden, less philosophic than Seward, less learned than Sumner, but takable courage is as requisite and is as certainly displayed in the more logical and .skilled o' fence than either; by W 3.de, who in met deliberative councils of the nation as on the field of battle. The tle and make-np was a Cromwellian, who, had he lived in the days highest courage is that which always dares to do the right and fears of the Commonwealth, would have fearlessly followed the Protector only to do the wrong. The victories of peace are more important than in the expulsion of an illegal parliament, or drawn the sword of the those of war, and to those who win them the highest homage is due. Lord and Gideon to smite hip and thigh the Amalekites who appeared . · Not to the en.sanguined field of dea.th alone anew in the persons of the cavaliers; byColla.merwise and learned, I.s valor limited: she sits serene pure and dignified, a conscript father in look and in fact; by John In the deliberative council, sa;gely scans P. Hale, who never faltered in his devotion to the asti-slavery cause, The sources of action, weighs, prevents, 'Provides, .And scorns to count her glories, from the feats and who had earlier than any of his a.ssociates broken his alliance Of brutal force a.lone. with the old parties and given his eloquent voice to the cause of the Those of us who were so long associated with the late Senator in despised Nazarenes; by Trumbull, acute, able, untirin~, the first re this body will miss him exceedingly. In the wisdom of an inscruta publican Senator from that great State which has smce added ~o ble Providence, his sea.t he!e has b~n m!=l'de vacant. All thn:t was much to the grandeur and glory of our history t by HAMLIN, with mortal of him now reposes m the soil of his adopted State, which he long training, with devoted fidelity, with undaunted courage, who had honored a~ the State ha-d honored him. Those who knew him came anew to the conflict of ideas with a State behind him, with its best will mourn him most, while the nation pays homage to his mem faith and its force, and who alone of all the illustrious Senate of 18.'17 ory for public services so grandly performed. is with us to-day; by Cameron, with wide and varied experience in affairs, with consummate tact in the government of parties, whose Mr. BLAINE. Mr. CHANDLER sprang from a strong race of men, active political life began in the days of Monroe and who, a.fter a reared in a State which ha-s shed luster on other Commonwealths by prolonged and stormy career, still survives by reason of strength a,t the gift of her native-born and her native-bred. She gave Webster fourscore, with the strong attachment of his friends, the respect of to Massachusetts, Chief-Justice Chase to Ohio, General Dix to New his opponents, the hearty good wishes of all. York and Horace Greeley to the head of American journalism. Mr. Into association with these men Mr. CHANDLER entered when in C~'DLER left New ~ampshire before he attained h~s majo~ity 1 ~nd his forty-fourth year. His influence was felt, and felt powerfully, with limited precumary resources sought a home m the mv1tmg from the firat day. A writer at the time said that the effect of territory of the Northwest. He had great physical strength, with Cn.umLER's coming was like the addition of a fresh division of troops remark:.i,ble powers of endurance, possessed energy that could not be to au army engaged in a hand-to-hand conflict with an outnumbering overtaxed, was gifted with cou.ra~e of a hi~h or~er, was i~bued.with foe. He encouraged, upheld, inspired, coerced others to do things principles which through~mt his life were 1~flexible, was mtel_hgent which he could not do himself', but which others could not have done and well instructed, and m all respects eqmpped for a career m the without him. His first four years in the Senate were passed in a hope great and splendid region where he lived and grew and strengthened less minority, where a sense of common danger had banished rivalry, and prospered and died. checked jealousy, toned down ambition, and produced that effective F
full-volumed voice spoke like a Webster or a Douglas. His words Upon his first entrance into this Chamber he brought with him the were well chosen; bis sentences terse and complete, abounding in wit, same invincible energy that had crowned a successful mercantile humor, and happy local hits; his logic came like hot shot in t~e din career. Having led a busy life, with daily opportunities, through ex · of battle, crashing through the oaks of the forest. One of his last tensive observation, to acquire knowledge, he was already a man of sentences still rings in my ears, "Shut up your stores, shut up your affairs, whose ripened judgment commanded respect, and, among manruactories, and go to work for your country." The effect of this measures he was not slow to fix upon the possible best rather than the last speech of Senator CHANDLEE was electrical ; its influence is still doubtful, or, among men, to select the competent rather than the in felt among the business men of Chicago. The meeting adjourned competent. When he would lead, he boldly marched in front, nor with great demonstrations in favor of the speaker. He left the hall sought to elude the fire of adversaries. Wasting no time in the con and went directly to his room and soon retired to rest. sideration of the rubbish born of ill-starred experiments, magic-lan The next morning I was sitting with my family at breakfast, in tern illusions, or incomprehensible theories, he aimed with fearless t1te Palmer House; a gentleman came into the dining-room in great self-reliance at once to reach sure-footed, solid-sense conclusions, haste and spoke to me, saying, "LOGAN, your friend is dead-found shirking neither work nor danger, and bringing both the strength in kis room dead." and courage which he so often found to triumph over all difficulties. Sir, I arose and bowed my head; my heart was filled with grief For many years in the Senate he was chairman of the Committee and sorrow. I repaired at once to the room occupied by the Senator on Commerce-no other so long-and conducted its business with in the Grand Pacific Hotel, and there, sir, he lay, in the cold and icy unflagging :fidelity and praiseworthy economy. An instance of the embrace of death. latter occurred when a bill, reported by him for river and harbor YeP, sir, dead! He is gone from us. We will hear him no more; improvements, had been overioaded here with many prodigal addi hit1 voice is hushed in silence forever. In his room, no one being tions, and, rather than to bear the responsibility of an overgrown present with him, in the lonely and solemn gloom of the night, he expenditure, he helped to kill the original offspring of his own com hacl. passed from life unto death, and in such a peaceful manner that mittee, by a vote to table the bill. That year no appropriation was the angel of death must have whispered the message so softly and made for such objects, and, if there was any log-rolling greed,' it re gently that he knew not his coming. But, sir, what a shock it was ceived a check. to the living. As the fall of the stalwart oak causes a trembling in Mr. CHil.'DLER was intensely loyal to the Republic-not to a sham, the surrounding forest, so did the fall of Senator CHANDLER cause nor to "such stuff as dreams are made of"-but to a sovereignty the tender chords of the he~rts of this people to vibrate with the under organic law, able and ready to give back to it.a citizens some tender touch of sympathy everywhere. thing in return for all serviceB demanded. He would have been Sir, t.he day after bis death we took his remains from this lonely a.shamed of a weak, spineless, and rickety republic, or one on any chamber to his home in Detroit, and there, in the midst of his grief Spanish American pattern, having no iron in its blood, and ready to . stricken family, gently laid them down. A deep, mournful silence break down at the first hostile pronunciamento; but he was proud hung heavily over.the old family mansion. of that which staJlds forth great both in peace and war, and by its One unbroken gloom seemed to rest on the clustered trees, where rega.rd for law and order, by its devotion to human rights, by its the feathered songsters in spring-time had cheered the happy family adherence to every pledge of public faith, by its matchless march of with notes of sweetest music. The wintry chill from the snow-blasts freedom and its progressive spirit, has also shown itself worthy to without was but a faint type of· the deep sadness which hung like a rule and protect, with an imperishable vitality, the American con pall over every heart. Even the sighing wind that swept around in tine11.t. its saddened wail seemed to chant a requiem for the departed Sen The attitude of foreign nations during the late rebellion could not ator. Well might his friends weep at their own a.a well as their coun fail to be watched by our people, as it was by Senator CHANDLER, tr;v't> loss. Indeed, he was a man of whom all may ·speak in praise, with constant solicitude, not-whatever that attitude might have and upon whose bier all may drop the tear of sorrow. When earth been-as throwing any doubt upon the final triumph of the Union received him she took to her bosom one of her manly sons, and when arms, but as a contingency which at times threatened to prolong a paradise bade his spirit come a noble one entered there. bloody contest and to multiply its griefs. Our Republic, it is not to Mr. President, time brings lessons that teach us that hope does not be concealed, had few hearty friends among the monarchs and oli perish when the stars of life refuse longer to give light. garchs of Europe, but we now know that the Queen of Great Britain, The death of our brother Senator and those still closely following in spite of the sinister advice of Napoleon the Villain, wa-s wiser and him, should constantly warn us of the fact, that we are traveling to less unfriendly than any of her colonies, or than some of her minis ''the undiscovered country, from whose bourn no traveler returns." ters, who vainly hoped to gain untold advantages by breaking up 'Tis true the grave in its silence gives forth no voice, nor whispers of the American Government into smaller and possibly less formidable the morrow, but there is a voice borne upon the lips of the morning proportions. Senator CHANDLER, however, never lacking audacity zephyrs, that lets fall a whisper, quickening the heart with a knowl to defend the national life at all hazards, was one of those who did edge that there is an abode beyond the tomb. Sir, our lamps are not believe the United States were any too large, and he had an abid burning now, some more brightly than others; some shed their light ing faith that its power would always be growing larger. His home from tli.e mountain's top, others from the lowly vales; but let us so confronted the western gateway to a large, but not invulnerable, trim them that they may all burn with equal brilliancy when re British province, and he was wont to be impatient-genial as was his lighted in our mansions beyond the mysterious river. natural temperament-that the government of a great and kindred I fondly hope, sir, that there we will again meet our departed friend. people, bound to us also by paramount commercial interests, !lhould in such a crisis take a hostile or even a doubtful position, which he Mr. MORRILL. Mr. President, the manly features which stood thought would have been most carefully if not fraternally avoided, forth in the character of our deceased associate, like those of his com provided our forces by land and sea had not been supposed to be ma•ding person, were so round and full, so distinctly pronounced, fully employed against those to whom "belligerent rights" had been that they could not fail to give the same impression to all observers, wrongly conceded. Senator CHANDLER'S repeated denunciations Qf and hence our tributes to-day may wear the aspect of photographs of the primarily responsible party to the piratical raids of the Ala the same figure, with merely variations of posture. After the elo bama and Shenandoah were loud and unstinted, and he insisted that, quent full-length representations already supplied, I shall only briefly for these and other national wrongs, we held a valid lien upon the point out what I have learned to consider as among the clistinctivo Canadas to be enforced at our will and pleasure. He gave utterance characteristics of that life and form which lately gave such robust in the white heat of the strife to some rather angry philippics, but assurance of length of days, but which, to our sorrow, has been swiftly the gentle sway of the Queen saved our people from any attempt to summoned, as we all soon must be, to that world of light and hope show, as no doubt many were eager to show, that there was methorl. where the weary are at rest. in the Senator's madness. As chairman of the Committee on Com T1le late Senator CHANDLER, as all may know, was born in the merce, he could not look with composure upon the c~pture of Amer southeastern border of New Hampshire, a region which has been ican ships, nor upon their forced transfer to escape capture, and he wo•drously fruitful of distinguished statesmen whose fortune it was resented the foul blow by which the ancient mistress of the ocean to be sent here and long retained as Senators from other and more appeared to profit. populous States. Among these eminent men were Webster and Wil If, then, he showed some bitterness to foreigners whose sympathies son from Ma.ssachusetts, Dix from New York, Chase from Ohio, Grimes were openly against us during the war, we may not wonder at, and from Iowa, and Cass from Michigan, who was superseded by him should pardon, his profounder indignation that any one of his own whose decease we now lament. These men, going where they would, countrymen, without provocation, should have been so dead to patriot were sure to leave their" foot-prints on the sands of time," and were ism as to be willing that the nation should perish, or to forget that never less than the peers of the foremost men in this body, of which This is my own, my native land. Mr. CHAJIDLER was so recently n conspicuous member, dear to us and For a violent and bloody rebellion, against a government wholly free to his own people. and popular, any tolerance seemed to him too much and any chas A11 one of the pioneers of Michigan, his ambition was, through tisement too little. Bu~ it was the rectification of national authority sterling integrity and unflinching· resolution, to grasp business on a he sought-not personal vengeance. comprehensive scale, and he, wi5h others, made Detroit, from a. small In 1875, soon after a protracted service of eighteen years in the town, a. commercial metropolis thoroughly equipped to meet the United States Senate, covering great epochs and crises in enr history, wants of trade in a great and ra.pidly growing State. From the start he was appointed, by President Grant, Secretary of the Department he never underrated the magnificence of western prairies or western of the Interior-a Department of the government ,which, perhaps, forests, nor their present or prospective power, and there he found a through its multifarious branches, is more than any other directly seen congenial home. and felt by the people. The Patent, Pension, Land and Indian Bu- 1880. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 567
Teaus-to say no.thing of the educational and census dependencies teen years he departed from Bedford, near Manchester, the home of -each and all require the perpetual and vigilant supervision of the his youth, where still abound affectionate memories of .his marked Secretary, and it may be said that no other Department is more ex qualities indicative of the coming man, and planted himself on the posed to public criticism or to private suspicion; but when Mr. CHAND shores of the great lake which constitutes the focus of our inland LER entered this new and untried field of duties, he at the outset commerce, and which bas given its name to one of the happiest and .exhibited his mastery by organizing every branch of the service upon most powerful of American Commonwealths. There during forty;six "business principles," and thus its vast machinery, reaching to our years, comprising the most remarkable period of our domestic devel remotest boundaries, moved without noise and without friction. The opment and, I think, of our national history, ZACHARIAH CH.il."DLER, -confidence of the people, in the integrity and efficiency of the Depart more than any other of her citizens, was the State of Michigan; and ment of the Interior, became complete, and, when the Secretary left during the last twenty-five years, with but few exceptions, as much the office, he bad, as an executive officer, largely advanced a reputa as any other one man, he has shaped the destinies of the United tion already national. States. At our last session he reappeared here, returned for the fourth time, While for one-fourth of a century he was a conspicuous :figure in in his senatorial character, but alas ! only to remain long enough to public affairs, I do not deny that others may have filled a larger space show to him the unending attachment of his people-to us the brit in the gazettes, and a few-a. very few-may have been more impor tleness of human life. tant factors in the course of events. Yet I know not of ten men in his Along with a stalwart frame, he carried a stalwart will, and was generation who, in my belief, have furnished so much of courage and blessed with that outspoken decision of character which leans not to fidelity; of will-power and aggressiveness, tempered by discretion the right nor left to obtain support. Physically and mentally he was and common sense; of stanch and granitic consecration to convic muscular, and, if he could have been vain of anything, as he was not, tions; of deep, unvarying purpose, which defied calamity '1nd laughed it might have been as an athlete. He never complained of overwork, at vicissitude; of staying and recuperating power in adversity as whether that work was official, or on the stump, on the "conduct of well as of tremendous energy in the hour of decisive action, as the the war," or on the conduct of his model farm, which for some years man to whose memory this brief hour is given. had most engaged his affections and fully justified his pride. Not un Mr. CH.il."'DLER was sometimes considered harsh in his feelings mindful of the rank won and worn as a merchant, nor of the honor toward political opponents, and notably toward a section of our he kept bright as a Senator, he yet at heart and at home preferred to common country whose people were specially identified with polit be kown as a g1'eat farmer, and as such, with all the rest added, he will ical principles which he rejected, and an institution which it was be known and long remembered by the people of the State he loved one of the great purposes of his life to destroy. But never baat :so well. gentler heart in the breast of woman. His blood coursed in molten Senator CHANDLER was a partisan, never a neutral, but a repub tides of hate toward every appearance of wrong, and of love for every lican of the straitest sect. By no free-trade tariff would he build up portion of his country and for all mankind. His giant form and foreign trade on a degraded people, nor build up a gambling home rugged outl.ines were the home of one of the most magnanimous trade on money intrinsically unsound. He waa a staunch friend of natures I ever knew. His eyes were full of tears for every form of internal improvements, and on such questions as the equality of man distress; his hand waa full of relief. His life is a record of unobtru before the law, land for the landless, schools for the illiterate, he sive and unselfish good deeds. might almost be styled a Hebrew of the Hebrews. He believed in He was a radical, but a radical is the only true conservative. ·He republican men ancl measures, and so believed because to him they had plowed deep, and he knew the fundamental principles of things. were nothing less than the custodians and. sure promises of the honor He knew that principles never temporize, no matter what those may and prosperity of the country. His opinions, based upon full and life do who profess them; that they are exactin(J' and inexorable, and long convictions, were stoutly held, and did not ebb and flow with utterly regardle88 of the state of the vote or t'he count, whether fair every change of the moon. He was not a frequent speaker in the or false; that they cannot be waived or violated or suppressed or con Senate, and his wit never got blunted by having too fine a point, but ciliated. He knew, and what he knew he felt, that principles will when he did speak, having something to say, his words were so hearty always have their day in court, and that against us or our children and straightforward -that neither friend nor foe conld deny their ring God will give them judgment and execution and satisfaction thereof ing force or misinterpret their meaning. to the uttermost farthing for their every violation. He had seen N everclaimingthe glittering refinements or eloquence of the schools, death and destruction, the fell officers of eternal justice, abroad in nor trying to escape _oblivion by rhetoric, yet his aid as a campaign the land levying upon the very life of our own generation the tre speaker was widely sought, and the remarka.ble speech, delivered by mendous damages which three centuries of outraged humanity had him on the evening destined to be his last upon earth, may be cited recovered against this nation, and he knew that, unless the present as an example of his vigor, pungency, and effectiveness as a political and future should conform absolutely to the eternal principles of orator. · right and do impartial justice to the feeblest human being within And thus we bid adieu -to a strong man, to a true and loyal spirit, our borders, tears and woe and death will pay for it to the last frac to him whose impassioned devotion to his whole country was only tion of our treasure and the last drop of our blood. Therefore was comparable to the tender love he bore in all his relations as a so.n, he stalwart; therefore did he grieve over the vanities of conciliation husband, and father. when be thought that principles elementary and sacred were s'\c rificed in the vain hope that peace would come from their violation ; Mr. BLAIR. Mr. President, the man whose obsequies are now being that God would be mocked out of his intelligence and purposes, celebrated in the august halls of the Capitol was one of the extraor and permit the tiniest child to be robbed of the smallest right with dinary characters of American history. impunity. He felt that the nation and the statesman who temporize His career from the hearthstone to the tomb was one of singular and tamper with principles are playing with the hottest fire of Heav individuality and power. It was one constant and successful strug en's wrath, and that there is no true conservatism w bich does not gle between great native forces marshaled by an heroic and aggres consist in the most radical application of immutable justice to ev.ery sive soul, and every form of opposition to bis personal advancement race and individual among men. and to the purposes of a patriotic public life, yet he never encoun Mr. CHANDLER was only radical agaiDBt what he understood to be tered an obstacle which he did not destroy. He waB over all mortal wrong. He distinguished between the wrong and the wrong-doer. combatants conqueror, until on the very summit of victory, at the While he hated the former he would rescue the latter, who is as close of a stern and incessant warfare prolonged for nearly seventy often a victim as an aggressor. His war was upon systems and policies, years, with his eye still burning like the eagle's, and hiS arm still not upon indhiduals and communities. raised in mighty action, Death killed him as with a feather, and the He was a.a anxious for the prosperity and happiness and as jealous commanding form was forever still; the strong intellect! the storm ·of the renown of the South as of the North. He was great and broad, compelling will, and imperial soul vanished from sublunary affairs. and would have been beloved by Washington and Madison and Jef There was not even a premonitory suggestion, the tinkling of a serv ferson and by the whole family of patriots who worshipped the prin ant's bell; not one lifted finger . of friendship, not one parting tear ciples of the great Declaration which they promulgat€d, and who of love. "trembled for their country when they remembered that God is just." When shall the promise of inspiration be fulfilled¥ When shall It may be said of him that he was a strong partisan. This is only Death, the last enemy, be himself destroyed¥ In this presence God to praise him. The man who is not a partisan is without convic alone is great. tions, or if he has convictions be ia false to them. That he was a ZACHARIAH CHANDLER was a son of New Hampshire, and the State bigot I deny. He was simply and sublimely true. He knew not how which even in these latter days has given to the country some of the to prevaricate or apostatize or "keep the word of promise to oar ear, grea.test men of modern or of any times-among them Cass, and Hale, and break it to our hope." In disaster and exigency, amid defection and Wilson, and Chase, and the colossal genius of Webster-is proud and demoralization he became the front because he was always in to add his name to the long list of her heroes, philanthropists, and the advance, and, wherever others might go, he nover fe~l back. No statesmen. Born and nurtured among the ~rand and beautiful scenes body and nothing dismayed him. He was like a living rock on the of mountain, valley, lake, and stream wliich have given to New eternal battle line between right and wrong. There be stood" fixed Hampshire the name of the Switzerland of America, Mr. CHANDLER like a tower" for support in onset, for shelter and for rally in repulse felt from childhood that his future lay in the vast possibilities of the and df'spair. West; that there alone was room for the energy and enterprise of his He was not more ultra than others, but he was more steadfast and unfolding powers, and that he must consecrate his strong arm and courageously true to his cause. He only went with them to the full his sagacious, indomitable, and freedom-loving soul to the develop length of their common belief and professions-but there he staid. ment of the great central region of the Republic. At the age of nine- His action was not that of mercury in long-tubed thermometers, rlS- 568 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. J A.NU.ARY 28,. ing and falling with the weather of expediency, but he found the line form, he took a prominent and efficient part in ·the organization of where he belonged and he fought it out there-not only if it took all the republican party in 1854, devoting the best energies of hia after summer, but all winter and all time. life in promoting its success. And so it was that he expired in the hour of his greatest usefulness, In 1857 he was chosen by the Legislature to represent Michigan in while he was once more rallying the host and the most vital political this body. His immediate predecessor was that distinguished Sen truths, as he understood them and as the fathers of the Republic un ator, Cabinet minister, diplomat, and scholar, General Lewis Cass. derstood them, were echoing from his lips on the midnight air of the Called as Mr. CHANDLER was from an active commercial life without Queen City by the lakes. And still previous training, to take the place of this eminent man, whose long Their echoes roll from soul to soul life had been spent in the public service, there were those who doubted And grow forever and forever. his success, but those doubts were speedily dispelled. In the Senate His career is a rare illustration of the excellence of our institutions. Chamber, as in every station he was called upon to fill, he never It is full of hope to every struggling, brave-hearted youth who feels failed to prove himself equal to the duties which devolved upon him. conscious of noble purpose and inherent power. It is not needful for me to speak particularly of his career in the ZACHARIAH CHANDLER was a patriot, a statesman, and an honest Senate, of the conspicuous position he occupied, and the influence he man. He was of God's noblest work. In such case exerted in this body. That has already been done by his associates 'Tis not so difficult to die. who so well knew and appreciated the excellence of his judgment and the earnestness with whioh his duties were discharged. But I Mr. CAMERON, of Pennsylvania. Mr. President, I desire to add may say that the eighteen years of his continuous service was the my tribute to one who for a much lon~er time than the majority most eventful pedod in the history of the country. The stability of of Senators was a member of this bocty. ZACHARIAH CHANDLER the Constitution and the very existence of the Government were put was four times chosen by his adopted State to represent her in the to their severest test. An irrepressible conflict existed in the national Senate. Few have been honored so frequently. This alone would Legislature and throughout the land ; the sovereignty of the Union be sufficient to say of him in pronouncing bis eulogy, for no man was threatened. During the dark years of civil war which followed, need desire higher praise than to have said of him that he spent one the unceasing earnestness with which all his powers were devoted to third of his entire life in faithful public service. Tb:tt such service sustain the administration in its efforts for the preservation of the was rendered by Mr. CHil"'DLER we all know. That he was appre Republic are too well known, too deeply engraved in the hearts of ciated by his people, none can deny who witnessed the evidences of the people, to need more than a passing notice. In :ill these hours sadness that were portrayed upon the countenances of thousands of gloom and sorrow, in all the vicissitudes of victory and defeat, in of his constituents as the last sad rites were being paid to his mem all the demands that were made on the blood, the treasure, and the ory. In all that has been said here of his patriotism nothing has patriotism of the people, he never faltered in his convictions of duty, been uttered that ought not to have been, for nothing more can be or of the triumph of the flag~ and the full restoration of the power said of him than he deserved. Michigan bas lost a brave, faithful, and unity of the Government. honest representative, and her people may well mourn. · There is one thin(J' in the senatorial career of Mr. CHANDLER to I did not expect to do so, nor can I add one word to that which has which I may refer. While he was identified with all the lending meas been spoken that would be worthy of him. I merely desired to ures of Congress, he was untiring in his devotion to the interests of place my words, crude and simple as they are, alongside of those Michigan and the great Northwest. His promptness in aiding the more worthy and appropriate addresses which have been placed upon citizens of his State without dfatinction of creed or party was prover the records of the Senate in memory of one with whom I served both bial. His zeal and fidelity in this particular were as broad aa the in the Cabinet and in the Senate, and who in all the relations of life, Commonwealth that hacl so gladly honored him. It was this which both public and private, was my friend. added so largely to bis popularity at home; and his warmest friends were found alike in all parties. Mr. BALDWIN. Mr. President, it is with feelings of painful sen Called by President Grant to the Secretaryship of the Interior, he sibility that I add my tribute to what bas aJready been uttered, and assumed the duties of this perplexing bureau, displaying o. tact, an these are deeply intensified when I recall the unbroken friendship energy, and an executive ability that surprised even those who knew which for more than forty years existed between the late Senator him best. With clear head and stout heart, prevailing evils were CHANDLER and myself. stamped out with unfaltering courage. With an unswerving purpose . Born ,and reared amid the hills of a New England State that has he brought order out of confusion, infusing new life into the various given to the country many distinguished statesmen, his character branches of the Department, and clearly demonstrated that the ~ublic largely partook of the spot of his nativity. service can be successfully accomplished by bringing to its aid un His educational advantages were confined to the studies of the flinching integrity and vigorous common sense. common school and the country academy of those days. The wise At the close of the administration of President Grant, l\Ir. CHAND and efficient use he made of them is abundantly demonstrated in the LER returned to .his home and to private life. Popular fallacies upon honorable record of his life. the subject of the currency had been widely disseminated; Michigan While yet a youth, stimulated by a laudable ambition, he sought a was not exempt from the contagion. These were to be met with argu wider, a more promising sphere than the circumscribed boundaries ment and the delusions di'.spelled. It was then that he relinquished of bis home afforded. The expanding West, with its great possibili bis plans for recreation and an anticipated foreign trip, and again ties, beckoned him to its inviting fields. Bidding adieu to the home buckling on his armor, with his accustomed energy, he led the van in of his childhood he removed to Detroit, then but little more than a a decisive and victorious battle for honest money. milit.ary post on the frontier of civilized life. Before attaining his There are but few leaders of men; Mr. CHANDLER was clearly one. ma~ority he established a mercantile business, carrying into his daily of the few. For more than a quarter of a century he had beena faith life those habits of industry and frugality which he had been taught ful servant of the people. In 1878 he was again returned to the Sen and which were illustrated in all his subsequent career. ate, and he brought with him the same unceasing devotion to his. He had started in life with the unwavering determination to make State and bis country that ha-d ever characterized hlil public life. His. no compromise of principle. In this he wae as firm aa the granite voice again heard in the Senate Chamber had no uncertain sound, hills of his native State. Success was his motto; but it must be at and was echoed to the ends of the land. tained through industry and integrity alone. From this purpose he During the autumnal months of the year which has just closed,. never swerved, and during a business life of many yea.rs, marked by Mr. CHANDLER was almost constantly occupied in addressing large the vicissitudes which ara inseparable from commercial pursuits, his assemblies of the people, in various sections of the country, on th& reputation was spotless. political topics of the day. In arousing and retaining the interest of Under the principles which Mr. CHANDLER brought to his daily an audience, few men possess his magnetic power. In these, his 1ater a.vocations he reaped his reward, not alone in abundant wealth, but efforts, he seemed to display new energy and power, achieving a re in the well-earned confidence which the people of Michigan placed markable reputation aa a most effective public speaker. His fame, in his high capability and cha.racter. and bis popularity were at their zenith. Had his life been spared, it Coupled with an earnest devotion io the demands of a business is more than probable tba.t the representatives from the State he had steadily enlarging, he took a deep interest in the political and other so long and so faithfully served would, with one voice have pre .. ented questions of the day. From his boyhood he had displayed that quick his name aa their first choice for the most exalted position in the. gift ness of comprehension and sterling common sense, that intuitive of the people. knowledge of men and things, which were of so great service to him On the evening of the la.st day of October he addressed the people in those after years when, called from the pursuits of a mercantile of Chicago. And never had bespoken more acceptably. Making his life, he was invested with duties and responsibilities grave and na arrangements to return to his home the next day, he i·etired to his tional in their character. room, and, after pleasant converse with friends, at the midBigbt At an early day, and at a time when the political party with which hour he lay down to rest. It was that peaceful rest which shall he was identified was in a minority, he had been chosen mayor of remain unbroken until the archangel's trump shall be heard at the Detroit. In this his first official position he displayed executive abil great day. · ities and those qualifications needful in the exalted stations he after I need not speak particularly of Mr. CHANDLER'S domestic life, or ward so ably filled. of his warm atta-0hment to those who made up his home circle. We Nominated in 1852 as the candidate of the whig party for governor, have to speak of him as a friend, a. citizen, a public man. Strong in he made his first appearance as a political speaker in a vigorous can bis convictions, stalwart in hie opinions, and fearless in tli.eir avowal, vass of the State, but failed of an election. there was no bitterness in his nature: all his tendencies were to the An anti-slavery whig from principle, opposed to oppression in every genial side of life. 1880. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 569
Friend of my youth, companion of my manhood and of my maturer ADMISSION TO THE FLOOR. years, farewell I Strong in the defense of right, true in friendship, Mr. RICHMOND. I ask unanimous consent that Hon. John W ~ and unsullied in integrity, may we who yet linger be imitators of Daniel and Hon. Mr. Ellis, of Virginia, members of the present Leg those traits which ennobled your life and have engraved your name islature of Virginia, be granted the privileges of the floor during this. upon the imperishable pages of your country's history. day. Mr. President, I move the adoption of the pending resolutions. The:re was no objection, and leave was gra.nted accordingly. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the reso lutions. SITE FOR U:l\"'ITED STATES NAVAL OBSERVATORY. The resolutions were agreed to unanimously ; and (at two o'clock Mr. MORSE. I ask unanimous consent to take from the Speaker's. and forty-six minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned. table for present consideration the bill (S. No. 891) to locate and pur chase a new site for the United States Naval Observ:J.tory. The ~PEAKER. The bill will be read for information, after which objections, if any, will be in order. The bill was read, as follows : HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Be it enacted., d!c., That a commission be appointed to selectaaiteforanewNaval' Observatory, the said site to possess the relative advantages of facility of access· WEDNESDAY, January 28, 1880. from the city of Washington, healthfulness, clearness of atmosphere, freedomfiom obstruction for the horizon, and freedom from objectionable vibrations from traffic The House met at twelve o'clock m. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. or other causes, with ability to have sufficient water supply. W. P. HARRISON, D. D. The commission shall consist of one member of the Senate Naval Committee, to The Journal of yesterday was read and approved. be chosen by the President of the Senate, one member of the House Naval Com mittee, to be chosen by the Speaker of the House, and the Superintendent of the WALTER D. PLOWDE:N. Naval Observatory. SEC. 2. That the sum of $75,000, or as much thereof as may be necessary, is· Mr. BRAGG. Mr. Speaker, I find by the RECORD that during my hereby appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, absence from the city, on motion of Mr. DE LA. MATYR, by unanimous to purchase said site; but $5,000 of said sum is reserved for incidental expenses of consent, leave was granted to withdraw from the files of the House selecting said site, and for detailed drawings, plans, and estimates for said new observatory. But no money shall be paid for said site until the Attorney-General the papers in the case of Walter D. Plowden, there being no adverse shall have given a favorable opinion as to the sufficiency of the title of said selected report thereon. I desire to state that the committee have investi site. gated these papers, and are now ready to make a report in the case. SEC. 3. That upon selection of a site for said observatory by said commission, I therefore ask unanimous consent thn.t the former order o'f the House they shall report their action to the President, who shall di.root the Secretary of th& Navy to make the purchase of such sit-e, taking title thereto in the name of the· be vacated. United States. The SPEAKER. The truth is, in many cases of this sort where papers are withdrawn the Chair does not inquire into the motive; The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present consideration of· bot the effect of the withdrawal is to prevent a report on the case. this bill t The rule requires that the consent of the committee having charge There was no objection, and the bill was taken from the Speaker's. of the matter- should be obtained before the papers are withdrawn, table and read a first and second time. but by unanimous consent the rule is vacated. The Chair thinks that Mr. CONGER. I desire to offer an amendment. I ask the Clerk the new rules will remedy this abuse. to read again that portion of the bill which states the questions to> The Chair revokes as far as he can with the consent of the House be considered by the commission. the order for the withdrawal of these papers, for the reason stated by The Clerk read as follows : the gentleman from Wisconsin that the committee are now ready to That a commission be appointed to select a site for a new NaTal Observatory, if the said site to possess the relative advantag;es of facility of access from the city report on the case, and the papers are withdrawn, of course it de of Washingt Mr. YOUNG, of Tennessee. Let it be referred to the Committee on death while engaged in that generous senice is fresh in the public Public Buildings and Grounds. mind and will not be forgotten while our country has a history. The SPEAKER. The committee under the rule will be required It will be remembered how, in the d:.i.rkest hour of the plague, when to report within one week, should the resolution be referred to it. its daily victims were being numbered by hundreds and even thou Does the gentleman consent to that reference T sands, the whole people of the North, moved by one common impulse Mr. BREWER. I suppose I will have to let it go there. of generous humanity, sought to devise some means by which their The resolution was accordingly referred to the Committee on Pub boundless donations of everything needful for the relief of the stricken lic Buildings and Grounds. victims could most safely and speedily reach them, that Alexander TAX O~ SMOKING-OPIUM. R. Shepherd, the able and indefatigable president of the National Relief Association, arranged for a relief-boat to descend the l\Iissis Mr. DAVIS, of California, by unanimous consent, introduced a bill sippi Riyer from Saint Louis, carrying provisions and medical stores (H. R. No. 3973) to impose a tax on smoking-opium, &c.; which was to all the infected cities and towns below. The supplies and neces read a .first and second time, referrod to the Committee of Ways and sary transportation were quickly procured and forwarded to Saint Means, and ordered to be printed. Louis, hut a proper officer was wanted to command the vessel upon PROBATE COURT OF LA.WRENCE COUNTY, DAKOTA, the perilous voyage it was to undertake. Few men, however brave, l\fr. BENNETT, by unanimous consent, introduced a bill (H. R. No. would have sought such a position, or willingly encountered the fear .3974) supplemental to the provisions of sections 1866, 1867, 1868, and ful dangers it involved. The most fearless and determined might have 1869, chapter 1, and section 1907, chapter 2, title 23, Revised Statutes shrunk from such a task without dishonor; but there was a man found -0f the United States, increasing the jurisdiction of the probate court equal to the occasion, and impelled by a chivalry that would have of Lawrence County, Territory of Dakota; which was read a first done honor to any hero of modern or ancient history, and a sense of :and second time, referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and duty to his fellow-men such as is only found in the most exalted na ·ordered to be printed. · tures and highest types of manhood, he promptly, without solicita tion, volunteered for a service fraught wit-h a hundred-fold greater IMPROVEMENT OF MISSOURI RIVER. danger than ever confronted a soldier upon the bloodiest field of battle. Mr. BENNETT also, by unanimous consent, introduced a joint reso That man wasHiramH.Benner,alieutenant in the Eighteenth United lution (H. R. No. 190) requiring the Secretary of War to cause a sur States Infantry, and then stationed on duty at Atlanta, Georgia. vey to be made by the Engineer Corps of the United States Army of His services having been accepted, and permission given by the the :Missouri River, at Yankton, Territory of Dakota, with a view to proper military authorities, be parted from his comrades, his young it~ improvement; which was read a first and second time, and re wife and little children, and hurried to Saint Louis, reported to Gov ferred to the Cominittee on Commerce. ernor Shepherd, and immedi'ately embarked upon the voyage of suc ALICE MACMAHON. cor and relief to others, but, alas I of death to himself. Mr. PRESCOTT, by unanimous consent, introduced a bill (H. R. Regardless of self, thoughtless of the fearful danger he was braving, No. 3975) granting a pension to Alice MacMahon; which wa-s read a he left a pla-ce of safety, and intent only upon the high mission which first and second time, and referred to the Committee on Inv:\lid Pen he had sought, bent his journey toward the region where desolation -sions. and death reigned supreme-where the merciless plague preyed unre LOUIS W. DETRICH. strained upon helpless, trembling victims. ~hen be had traversed all the country smitten with the pestilence-when he had well-nigh Mr. DELTZHOOVER, by unanimous consent, introduced a bill (H. finished the noble work with which he was charged; when about "R. No. 3976) to increase the pension @f Louis W. Detrich; which was to turn bis face again toward the North, a woman, without friends read a first and second time, and referred to the Committee on Invalid or protection, flying from the fever, sought refuge upon his vessel "Pensions. and kindness. at his bands, and with that gentleness and chivalry HENRY S. MORGAN. which were a part of his nature, both were cheerfully accorded, and Mr. DEERING, by unanimous consent, introdu~ed a bill (H. Il. No. his own apartments were surrendered to her use. But, unconsciously, .3!>77) granting a pension to Henry S. Morgan, of Fredericksburgh, she was already a victim of the dreadful contagion, its deadly poison Iowa; which was read a first and second time, and referred to the was already flowing in her veins, and from her it was soon commu .Committee on Invalid Pensions. nicated to her generous and unselfish benefactor. Undismayed, but A. J. l\IOORE AND G. BRADLEY. . conscious of his peril, he confronted it with the unfaltering courage of the true soldier that he was, and battled bravely against the Mr. COWGILL, by unanimous consent, introduce.d a bill (H. R. No. shadowy monster that assailed him; but all his sturdy manhood was :3978) for the relief of Andrew J. Moore and Griffin Bradley, late pri unable to shake off its icy grasp, and he calmly yielded up as noble a vates in Company I, One hunclred and fifty-third Regiment Indiana life, as gallant a spirit, as ever animated a human body. V-0lunteers; which was read a first and second time, and referred to Few men who have ever served their government have left behind the Committee on Military Affairs. them a moi:e honorable record than Lieutenant Benner. WILLIAl\I C. CUBBERLY. Born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and enlisting on the 24th of Sep Mr. COWGILL :ilso, by unanimous consent, introduced a bill (H. tember, 1861, at the age of eighteen, as a private in Company E, R. No. 3979) for therelief of William C. Cubberly, late postmaster at Thirty.fourth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, t"!le records of the War Lagra, Indiana; which was read a first and second time, and referred Department show that he encountered all the dangers, privations, to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. and vicissitudes incident to military service during the war. He wa-s in the hospital in Nashville from June 24 to November DELLA BENNER. 13, 1862, and was present with his company and participated in the Mr. YOUNG, of Tennessee. I ask unanimous consent to introduce battle of Shiloh, Tennessee, April 7, 1862; before Corinth, Mississippi, -and have considered at this time a bill authorizing the Secretary of May 29, 1862; at Triune, Tennessee, December 27, 1862, and at Stone the Interior to place upon the pension-roll the name of Della Benner, River, December 31, 1862. He was taken prisoner at the last-named widow !Jf the late Lieutenant Hiram H. Benner, Company C, Eight battle, and wa-s paroled at City Point, Virginia, January 20, rn63, and ·eenth Infantry. was sent to Camp Parole, at Annapolis, Mary land. In March, 1 6:-l, The SPEAKER. The bill will be read, after which the Chair will he wa.a sent to Benton Barracks, Missouri. On June 9, 1 62, rejoined .ask for objections. his company, and was in the battle at Liberty Gap, Tenne ee, June The bill directs the Secretary of the Interior to have placed upon 24, 1862. the pension-roll the name of Della Benner, widow of the late Hiram He was in the hospital at Nashville from October 10, 1863, to some H. Benner, of Company C, Eighteenth Infantry. time in 1864, being reported present on the rolls of his company in There being no objection, the bill (H. R. No. 3980) was received and March and April, 1864. He was present with his compan.v aud fought iread a first and second time. gallantly at the battle at Rocky Face Ridge, Georgia, May 9, 1804; The question was upon ordering the bill to be engrossed and read Resaca, Georgia, May 14, 1!:364; Rome, Georgia, May 17, 1854, and was .a third time. again taken prisoner in au engagement near Dillas, Georgia, May 24, Mr. YOUNG, of Tennessee. I offer this bill for the purpose of pro 1864, and was paroled at Charleston, South Carolina, December 11, viding in some measure for the care and support of a young wife, 1864, and furloughed December 26, 1864, for thirty days, then to re- - Jeft in poverty and widowhood, and of two little children, left in de port at Camp Chase, Ohio, and was finally honorably mustered out of .pendent orphanage by the death of the husband and father, a tried and service 11t Springfield, 11linois, February 22, 1865, to date from Febru ;faithful soldier, who perished in the holy cause of suffering human ary 8, 1865. He was commissioned and mustered in as captain Com ity. I urge its passage for the further purpose of placing on perma pany F, Eighteenth Illinois Volunteers, March 25, 1865, to serve one nent, lasting record in the archives of its legislation a great nation's year, and served with his company until honorably mu tered out appreciation of a courage and heroism that bas no precedent in all therewith, December 16, 1 65, at Pine Bluff, Ark:msas. its annals and no parallel in all the history of noble deeds. I would He was appointed second lieutenant in the Eighteenth Infantry thus pay a fitting tribute to the name and memory of a man whose June 20, 1867, and was promoted first lieutenant in tllu.t regiment grandeur of character and nobility of action mark him as n. central May 1, 1875. His appointment in the regular Army was recQmmended :figure among those whom history has made immortal for the benefac for soldierly conduct and efficiency by Hon. E. B. Washburne, bis Rep tions they have conferred upon mankind. resentative in Congress, Governor Oglesby, of Illinois, Lieuteoant The touching story of Lieutenant Benner's kindly sympathy with Colonel Webber, commanding Eighteenth Illinois Volunteers., and by the ,sufferers from yellow fever during its recent fearful reign in the Genera] U.S. Grant, the tbeu General of the Army. So.a.th, bis bravery in going to their succor, antl his sad yet heroic He joine~ his regiment in September, 1'367, an mail facilities into the newer regions of the country West and South, put on certain routes, and they are told they cannot get it, but will that portion of the country which is being developed; and it seems have to wait until Congre~s shall pass a post-route bill. to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads that it is in the Now, while gentlemen may not regard it as strictly within the line interest of the general public to provide that all highways may be of legitimate discussion of this bill, I desire to call the attention of ·established as post-roads, for the purpose of enabling the Postmas members to the fact that under this grandiloquent effort to build up ter-General to place this service upon them in his discretion. the service in the South we have a threatened deficiency of 2,000,000. I concede, and that is the strongest argument, if it is one that can What has been the increase in the Southern States Y By reference be made against this bill, although it seems to me that it cannot to the authorities I find that in the State of Delaware there bas been be urged wHh any force, that to a certain degree it may extend the an increased expenditure of 243; in the State of West Virginia there -discretion of the Postmaster-General. In other words, he is not bas been an increased expenditure of a little over 2,000; in Mary obliged to await the formal action of Congress in the establishment land, $2,671; Virginia, 4,421; North Cn,rolina, . ·1,948; South Caro ·of a, post-route. Nothing more than this, it seems to me, can be said lina, 3,421; Georgia, 12,650. That is ::i,bout the rate of increase-· against the bill. less than $100,000-for all the Southern States except Texas. Yet Mr. COOK. I yield fifteen minutes to tne gentleman from Georgia, southern men here are asked to vote away the people's money by the [Mr. BLOUNT.] million in order that they may have $4,000 or $5,000 additional postal Mr. BLOUNT. I regret that a measure which I deem of so much service for their States. importance to the people of this country should not have been pre I desire to call attention to this fact and to beg my friends here to .sented to this House at a time when the discussion of it could be am call a halt in regard to this subject until we shall have an opportu ple, so that the House might have that information upon it which is nity to present to this House the facts connected with the adminis necessary in order that it may act wisely. Gentlemen ha:ve seen fit tration of the Department. iu the discussion of this matter up to this time, in this House and out [Hore the hammer fell.] side of it, to treat it from a theoretical point of view as to what is the The SPEAKER pro tempore, (Mr. KENNA.) The time of the gen- <>peration of the postal laws in the eye of a lawyer; but they have tleman has expired. failed thus far to discuss it from that practical stand-point which is Mr. BLOUNT. I desire a moment or two more. -0btained from observing the administration of this service for years Mr. COOK. I will yield to the gentleman for two minutes more. past. In the brief time allotted to me I trtist I may be able to present Mr. BLOUNT. I have alluded to this fact simply for tbe purpose something fo.r the consideration of the House in this matter. of showing that the Department has gone on increasing this service The gentleman who has just taken his seat has rightly stated thu.t beyond what Congress ever intended it should be, and the only limit the railways of the country were made post-roads, that the steam we now have is in regard to the matter of establishing post-routes. boats of the country were made post-roads, and that plank-roads in Under the provisions of this bill it is proposed to open up the whole eertain contingencies were made post-roads. That is true with this subject throughout the whole country, and not require the Postmas limitation: while they are post-roads, they are limited by the appro ter-General to report to Congress, but leave him to go on doing as he priations made for this service. There is safety in this system; be has done, ignoring the action of previous Congresses and coming to cause when you undertake to pay a railroad company there is no this one and saying : "I knew that laws were passed to restrain me, cheat about it; you pay according to the weight of the mails. So but I have ignored the action of your dignified body of 293 members, likewise in reference to the steamboat service. There are certain relying on my efforts hereafter to get another Congress to sustain me sums appropriated, and the service is limited by the appropriations in my illegal transactions." made. The gradual abandonment of the steamboat service for years If we pass this bill yon will simply multiply the opportunities for past makes it of the less importance. this sort of thing. I beg this House not in this way and at this time But when you come to the star service, the case is different. You to increase the number of post-routes. Let us at lea.st postpone the do not there pay for the service as you get it. You are paying, for subject until we can have ample time for its discussion. instance, for a route from Vinita, Indian Territory, to La.s Vegas, Mr. COOK. I now yield five minutes to the gentleman from Mis New Mexico, at a rate commencing at $6,000 and running up to sissippi, [Mr. MONEY,] the cha.-irman of the Committee on the Post $150,000; and you do not know, and the Postmaster-General at this Office and Post-Roads. hour cannot tell you, and has not been able to furnish the Committee Mr. MONEY. This bill which my friend from Georgia [Mr. BLOUNT] on Appropriations even the number of post-offices on the road, and calls a grandiloquent bill ha.a just one line in it. It is the shortest he cannot tell us the receipts of a single office. This is the wild bill that was ever introduced into this House. It provides "that all method in which the public moneys are expended. But because public roads and highways are hereby declared post-roads." That is some gentlemen may see fit in the interest of the public Treasury to all there is in the bill. raise a protest against it, another sees fit to thrust himself forward The speech of the gentleman from Georgia is clear outside of the and announce to the American people that he regrets that the rail question; it has nothing whatever to do with it. He has been dis roads and steamboats and the large contractors are having their way, cussing the methods of administration by the Post-Office Department, and that the people's service is to be stricken down. and he bas read certain figures to show the improper expenditure of I say, therefore, Mr. Speaker, while the question as to railroads and the public money of that Department. steamboats may be a proper object for discretion, yet when you come Now this bill is intended to relieve this House from the labor of to the star routes in which the revenues do not begin to approach the yearly preparing and passing bills to establish new post-roads, and expenditures there is safety in keeping this matter in our own power. from the expense of printing such bills. That is all there is in it. But, sir, gentlemen have seen fit further to tell you that the Post There is nothing connected with this bill to give the Postmaster master-General now has the power to put the service wherever be General any chance whatever to increase the expenditure for this pleases, whether there is a post-route or not. This I deny. The stat service. It leaves that matter just as it is to-day. There is no in utes provide that between points where there are post-offices he may crease of power whatever given him, nor is there anything in the bill put on temporary service, and when Congress assembles be shall giving power upon the subject. notify Congress of his action. He is restrained, therefore, by that It simply is a provision that the bills heretofore introduced and provision of the law. What is the proposition now f It is to make passed as matters of form, without debate, without new post-routes, and• when we report a bill in favor of them, I The CHAIRMAN. We have not yetren.ched the second clause of that apprehend, as has been the custom heretofore, no man will rise to rule. object to its passage, nor can any objection be raised to it. Mr. BLACK.BURN. The gentleman, as I understand it, offers this This does not increase the power of the Postmaster-General or give clause to come immediately after No. 1 of Rule VIII and t -0sition i1:1 offered as a part of a body of rules that we have all with great the persons pre ent Y I will read from Cushing's Digest of Parlia unanimit.y expressed our desire to see enacted into the formal rules of mentary Law, accepted the world over as authority, in wuich it is the House. I should have greatly preferred that the Committee of provided- the Whole, following the example of the Committee on Rules, would If, therefore, it appears upon division, or if notice is taken by any member, that have left out controverted and certainly partisan questions from any a quorum is not present, it then becomes the immediate duty of the presitlin_g offi. part of this codification. It was in deference to that spirit that pre cer to count the members, and if they do not amount to a quorum to suspend all .oisoly this amendment was not pressed even to a vote in the Committee further proceedings . -0n Rules when we had the subject under consideration, although there That is the authority laid down by Mr. Cushing. The present rule were members of the Committee who desired just such a rule as this. so recognizes it, and makes itthe Speaker's duty. The propo ed rule I call attention to the first phase of the question, and ask my friend of the House, if amended as proposed by the gentleman from Vir from Virginia, without any regard to its partisan bearing, to see into ginia, instead of consolidating power in the hands of one man, takes what a strange and vague con di tion this House would be left if this were it from him, and requires a call of the House to be had, antl only adopted. Whenever the question arises whether there is a quoram those persons present noted that either respond to their names upon -0rnotpresent, it is to be determined according to what he calls "ocu the call of the roll, or appear at the bar of the House in the custody lar demonstration." The chairman of the Committee of the Whole of the Sergeant-at-Arms. .or the Speaker of the House is to see with his own eyes that there is Now, I will not be unfair enough to fail or, refuse to do credit and a quorum present. Who is to control his seeing Y How do we know justice to the republican members of the Committee on Rules for the but that he may see forty members more for his own purposes than manner in which they comported themselves when this question was there are here in the HouseT And what protection have gentleman raised during the deliberations of that committee. I do not mean to if the Speaker says he sees a quorum if he cannot convert that seeing cavil or clamor against the opposition which one or both of them may into a list of names on the call of the roll by the Clerk Y offer to this amendment on this floor. But I do say that this amend I think my friend from Virginia will see that he lets in the one ment offered by the gentleman from Virginia does not go a.s far as man power in a far more dangerous way than ever has occurred before many of the States in the rules of their legislative bodies have gone. in any legislative assembly of which he and I have any knowledge. It does not direct that a member refusing to vote shall be recorded Mr. TUCKER. I will ask my friend if the Speaker does not now as voting in the negative. When a member refuses to answer to his count upon a rising vote Y name-a duty made imperative by existing rule which says that he Mr. GARFIELD. Yes, but we always have the opportunity to cor shall vote unless he be excused-the amendment of my friend from rect that count by means of a new count by tellers appointed from Virginia simply provides that when a member shall fail to discharge bo~h sides. And even then, before anything can pass, we can have this duty imposed upon him by the highest obligation he can possibly the yeas and nays taken, and the names of those voting recorded. bear, an obligation made imperative by the plain language of the Aside from the insuperable objection that I have raised to this rule-when refusing to discharge such a duty, he shall not be re proposition, as a thing that ought not to be tried because of its vague ported or recorded as voting at all, but his presAnce shall be noted in ness, its uncertainty, and the danger that members of the House may order to prevent the absence of a quorum. be imposeu upon by an unscrupulous Speaker that may come here I do not mean to commit myself to the theory that there should be after-I say that aside from all that, and beyond all that, I ask mem no power given to a minority to impede or obstruct legislation. I bers to consider one fact: This has been a House of Representatives know that there are times and occasions upon which I would not since 1789. This House has been the theater of all sorts of political abridge that power if I were able. Where the .tight to offer amend storms and tempests. We have lived through the times of great wars, ments has been denied, where reasonable opportunity for debate has of a great civil war, when there were excitement!:! hardly paralleled been refused to the minority, it is not only their right but it is their in the history of parliamentary annals. Yet during all these years duty to obstruct such legislation. It matters not whether I stand no man before, so far as I know, no party before has ever thought it here with the majority or with the minority, I shall always advocate necessary to introduce a rule that gives the power of declaring the and demand that right. Bnt I say the xeport submittea by this com presence of members by the sin~le voice of one person; a power that mittee is not, upon any fair construction, amenable to the criticism will enable him to bring from his sick-bed a dying man ancl put him that it is its purpose, even as supplemented by the amendment of the down in this Hall, so that the Speaker shall count him, and make his gentleman from Virginia, to abridge in any material respect the right presence against his will, and perhaps in his delirium, count in order that the minority should hold in this House. Take this revision, adopt to make a quorum, so that some partisan measure may be carried out it as a whole, and incorporate in it the amendment now pending, and over the body of that dying man. · the minority will still be amply provided with every facility to ob Sir, the moment you get over the line, the moment you cross the struct and impede legislation where debate has been refused and the boundary of names, the moment you leap over the iron fence of the right of amendment denied. l'oll, that moment you are out in the vague, and all sorts of disorders [Here the hammer fell.] may come in. Mr. CONGER. Mr. Chairman1 the introduction of this proposition My friend refers to the rule of the House of Commons, where it re cannot give ground to any particular political charge against either quires only forty men out of six hundred and seventy or six hundred party. l!,or many years gentlemen upon the other side of the House and eighty to constitute a quorum. have availed themselves of the power which is sought here to be cir Mr. TUCKER. But they have to be counted l)y the speaker. cumscribed. At times this power has been exercised almost daily. Mr. GARFIELD. Forty men under the eye of the speaker of the It never entered into the mind of the gentleman from Kentucky or House of Commons present no sort of analogy on which to found a the gentleman from Virginia that such a rule as this would be either rule for us in a House of less than three hundred members and where constitutional or proper. Remarks made upon the question in this it requires one hundred and fifty to make a quorum. I hope my friend Hall from year to year will justify this assertion. I do not believe from Virginia will not press his proposition to a conclusion as a part that a just construction of the Constitution would authorize the adop- of the body of our rules, for we shall be compelled to oppose it with tion of this proposition. • all our might. If I looked merely to party effect-if I looked to a time when I Mr. BLACKBURN and Mr. SPRINGER rose. would like to have such a rule as this to hold down the unruly de The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will recognize the gentleman from mocracy, as I have in former years desired to have sach a rule-I Kentucky, [Mr. BLACKBURN,] a member of the Committee on Rules, would to-day join the gentleman from Virginia (if I thought it as entitled to the floor. right) in advocating and voting for this rule; I would endure it for Mr. BLACKBURN. I move to strike out the la-st word. this ses~ion and the next session; and thereafter, during the long The CHAIBMAN. The Chair will state that he has no doubt there years of republican control which are coming, I ·would enforce it in will be an opportunity for all membe1·s to be heard upon so important this House upon the malcontents on the other side. ~proposition as the one now pending. But, sir, while the Constitution declares what shall constitute a Mr. BLACKBURN. I should make no objection on behalf of the quorum to do business in this House, this rule declares that when Committee on Rules to a continuation of the discussion upon this there shall be ascertained by one man a quorum present, a rule shall question, as it is one of considerable importance. do the business of the House, a rule shall legislate, a rule shall de Mr. HAWLEY. Without the formality of moving to strike out the termine the voice and wish of the Representatives of the people; so last word T that on the passage of a bill, although there may be but fifteen voting Mr. BLACKBURN. Certainly. I am surprised, Mr. Chairman, that in the affirmative and five in the negative, yet by virtue of this rule, tho gentleman from Ohio, [Mr. GARFIELD,] whom I kmlw to be well if there be a majority present by compulsion or otherwise, the bill versed in parliamentary law, for I have learned that from intimate shall bo declared passed on the vote pro and con of but twenty mem .association with him as a member of the Committee on Rules, should bers. Does the great expounder of the State of Virginia claim that ba.ve taken the position that the amendment proposed by the gentle such a result would be arrived at by any constitutional meansT man from Virginia [Mr. TucKER] tends to violate all precedents by Sir, I in common with every member of this House demand that placing in the hands of one man a power unkn.own to deliberative there shall be a public exhibition of presonce-a public record of bodies. Does not the gentleman from Ohio know that in the present votes ; that there shall be tellers; that there shall be yeas and nays; existing rules of this House, as well as that proposed revision which he, that the yeas and nays shall determine how you and I and every other as a very efficient member of the Committee on Rules, has submitted member of this House may have voted and would vote. for your adoption, supplemented and supported by parliamentary law The point made by my friend from Ohio [Mr. GARFIELD] is a good from the old~r countries and also by practice both in England and one-that we are committing to the Speaker of this Honse or the America, always and everywhere the power has been recognized and chairman of the Committee of the Whole the right first to determine vested in the Speaker or presiding officer to ma.ke an. actual count of who are present and to determine when there is a quorum. It is use- 1880. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 577 less to say that there may not be times when in such an emergency Mr. STEPHENS. Mr. Chairman, I wish to say a few words on the as would require the exercise of this power the presiding officer would pending question. So far as this debate has gone, it has been free, I not be partisan. Shakespeare foretold this when in one of his plays he believe, from all partisan character. The committee on Rules set said: out with a view to have harmony of a-0tion. We need reform in the · Get thee glass eyes; rules. Our first resolution in that Committee was to recommend And, like a scurvy politician, seem nothing which did not have the unanimous sanction of every member To see the things you dost not. of the committee, with the right reserved to each member t o object Such politicians will come here on either or any side. The force of in the House, if he should choose to do so. circnmst ances, the impetuous passions of members which would pro Now, the pending question is an old one. It is to compel members duce such au occasion, will influence men to see that which they see present t o vote. The gentleman who ha-s just taken his seat , the not , ·with or without "glass eyes." gentleman from Illinois, [Mr. SPRINGER,] asks what is the Constitu I have no fear that this amendment will be adopted in this Honse, tion worth unless the amendment proposed by the gentleman from b~c au s e it would be wrong in itself; it would be unconstitutional; it Virginia [Mr. TuCKER] is adopted The rule as reported by the com wonlcl be violently partisan. I have no fear t hat the fair-minded men of mittee is as it was made by the founders of ou.r Government . The this HG use on eit.her side will adopt so violent and partisan a measure. Constitution bas been in existence for over three-quarters of a cen [Here the hammer fell.] tury and the Government carried on all the time nuder this rule a.s l\Ir. SPRINGER. The gentleman from Ohio [Mr. GARFIELD] and reported and without the proposed amendment. Am I now to answer the gentleman from .Michigan [Ur. CoxGER] bot h assume that the him by telling him what the Constitution without the proposed quest ion of the presence of a quornm depends upon the count to be amendment is worth T Why, sir, what has been done without it! made by the Speaker. That is notthepurportof the rule submit ted What grand achievements have been accomplished without it-accom by t he gentleman from Virginia. It provides that when a quorum plished under the rule as reported by the committee! What grander does not vote upon any question the yeas and nays shall be called, achievements may not yet be accomplished under it without the and if a majority do not answer upon that call of the yeas and nays, proposed amendment! there shall be immediately a call of the House, and as each member Whatever bas been done bas all been done under this rule as it appears, in pursuance of the order of the House for his arrest, and is stands and a.sour committee recommend it shall remain. That rule brought before the bar of the House, he shall be recorded as present. has been the · rule o.f this House I think since the First Congress. He is here and answers before the whole House for his presence upon There have been divers attempts to amend it to make members vote the call of his name. whether they will or not. You have the right to bring them into Mr. TUCKER. My friend will allow me to correct him. The call the House, but no House has .ever yet adopted any merumre to pun of t he House is contemporaneous with the call of the yeas and nays ish a member for not voting. One distinguished Speaker of the on the pending question. House once said: " You may bring a horse to water, but you cannot Mr. SPRINGER. So I underst and. make him drink." Mr. TUCKER. So that when a member's name is called, if be an I think we had better leave the rule just as it is. All parties since swer to his name he shows by auricular demonstration that he is the beginning of the Government have occasionally, when in a mi present. If he does not answer, he can be brought before the House nority, absented themselves to break up a quorum and thus prevent by the Sergeant-at-Arms; and if he then votes his name is recorded. the passage of an obnoxious measure. They do it in our Legislatures. Mr. SPRINGER. The gentleman from Michigan has stated that It has been done in the Legislature of my State and, I suppose, in this role is unconstitut ional and partisan in its character. In my the Legislature of almost every other State. They have done it from judgment, Itfr. Chairman, it js neither. One of the greatest absurdi time immemorial, and I supposo they will continue to do it. ties imaO'inable to me is this: it is within the power of a less number I think we had better leave it.just a-s we find it. I know of no way of members than a quorum of this House to issue a mandate and send unless we attempt to punish a member for absenting himself or not it tot.be Pacific coa-st, to the far-off State of Oregon, to bring in a mem voting when present. Suppose we bring an absent member into the ber to this body, and when we have got him here at an expense of House, as we have a right to do. But when he is brought in and he weeks of time and thousands of dollars, the man is not here at last refuses to vote, what then. The gentleman from Illinois has just unle s be voluntarily opens his mouth and says "I am here "-and now stated that they could be counted to make a quorum. But what votes "ay" or "no" on the pending question. I say there can be no of that f A quorum-a majority of the House-must not only be pres greater absurdity than to presume our fathers made. a constitution ent, but must join in the business of the House either for or against and gave that power to a less number than a quorum, and after we a measure, to make the action valid. If they are in, and do not vote have exhausted it the man was not here at last unless he chose to be. upon the passage of the bill or measure in the House, they do not He did not choose to be here or we would not have sent for him, and make a quorum in the transaction of business. You cannot pass the when be is brought here he is not here unless he chooses to be. What bill or measure unless a quorum votes! You cannot count those voting an absurdity. for the bill, and say of all others, constructively, that they voted Now, what does the Constitution say! Section 5, article 1, says: against it, and thus pronounce the measure carried ! Your Journals Each House shall be the judge of the elections1 returns and qualifications of its must show the votes-the yeas and nays of a quorum for and against own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quotum to do business. the measure. But under this amendment, there could be no such A majority shall constitute a quorum to do business. That major record. You could count the votes of those present and not answer ity do not vote, but they must be here. If the majority is here the quo ing to their names only by construction. This could not rightfully be rum is here, and if by the rules of the House we have determined done. You must have the votes before you can rightfully count them. that fact, then we are a majority ready for busjness. How do we de I state to the House, after mature reflection and after studying termine that fact f Each House may determine the rules of its pro this question carefully for many years, that in my opinion you cannot ceedings. Therefore, if we have determined by the rules of our pro improve upon the language adopted by the founders of the Republic ceedings that a quorum is to be ascertained in this way, then a quorum as set forth in the rule reported by the committee. They made the is here, the majority is here and ready for business. rule as it now stands. You cannot secure votes by compulsion, and Therefore you will find from this provision of the Constitution, you cannot create them by construction. Mr. Chairman, that a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, The rule says any member shall vote except he be interested or ex and it is authorized to compel the attendance of absent members. If cused. If any member or number of members refuse to vote you we may compel the attendance of absent members what virtue is cannot provide a rule that will meet the difficulty. there in this provision of the Constitution at all; what use is it to A member not voting in bis seat or going out, so long as he is not us unless it is, as my friend from North Carolina says, to compel them disorderly, so long as he commits no improper act, is responsible only to be here to constitute a quorum T What is this constitutional 1-ro to his constituents. If they send a member here who will not vote vision for T What is it worth in the Constitution if, after having when in his seat, or will leave the House on roll-call, it is a matter been exercised, it amounts to nothing at last and the man is not that concerns him and them, and not this House. I say in conclusion here T I wish to say by oar legislative system, from its analogy to I think we better let the rule stand as it is. the British system, our fathers understood that when this power was Mr. HUNTON. I desire to offer an amendment to the amendment exercised the man was here, and all we have to do is to recognize of my colleague from Virginia, [Mr. TUCKER,] in the shape of a that fact. proviso. If you will turn to Mr. Cushing's Law and Practice of Legislative I understand, Mr. Chairman, that two things must occur in order to Assemblies you will find this provision laid down in reference to the reach legislation in this House. The first of these two things is the House of Commons: presence of a quorum to do business. That is provided in the amend When, upon a. division, it appears a. quorum is not P,resent, the question upon ment of my friend from Virginia; and when it is ascertained that a which such division occurs ordinarily remains undecided; but wh~re the aggre quorum of this House is present for business, then, I think, another gate of votes on either sidet. with the tellers and with the Speaker, •es np a step is necessary in order to reach legislation, that a majority of that quorum, the question is deciaed. present quorum should concur in legislation. By the British constitution and by the rules of the House of Com The machinery in the amendment of by friend [Mr. TUCKER] pro mons, when there does not appear to be a quorum on the vote, but vides for the first, that there shall be present in this Honse a quorum when the tellers are taken into consideration who do not vote, and for the transaction of business, but it strikes me that under the amend when the speaker is taken into consideration, whose presence is ment proposed by him there might be a. quorum present ready to pro known, there then is a quorum, the question is decided. That is the ceed to business, and yet, if a portion of that quorum present dicl not law of the Honse of Commons. choose to vote, a minority of the quorum present might enact legisla [Here the hammer fell.) lation, which I think would be objectionable. For instance, if there X-37 578 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 28, were two hundred and ten members present, one hundred voting in the my constituents, if I sit in my seat and decline to vote. I hold myself majority, and forty in the minority, and seventy present but not voting, responsible to them and to the Constitution alone. I take my posi ften, under the amendment offered by my friend, the one hundred tion with that horse which is brought to the water, but cannot be · would enact a law when it was not a majority of the two hundred made to drink, and I am afraid if the proposed rule should be adopted, . and ten present in the Hall. I do not think it is in the spirit of our I should say that no Speaker and no House should compel me to ' institutions that a minority of those present in the Hall should at any answer yes or no on a roll-call. time enact a law for the Government of the United States. I think it very decidedly wrong, in the first place, that a Speaker Take another statement. Suppose that there were two hnndred and should be at liberty to recognize or declare a quorum without a formal ten members in the Hall, and one hundred and ten voted with tire ma. count, and, in the next place, that by any sort of combination of rules jority, fifty in the minority, and :fifty present and not voting. Then, of there should be a law put on the statute-book and declared in force ihe two hundred and ten in the House, coRstituting the quorum and which can show perhaps only a quarter or 10 per cent. of the mem present fo~ business, one hundred and ten voting in the majority is a bers in favor of it. fnll majority of all present in the House, so when you count those Mr. PHISTER rose. present and not voting with the minority, still the bill is enacted or Mr. TUCKER. I desire to say just one word, if it will not come passed by a majority of those present in the Hall. In order to meet out of the time of the gentleman from Kentucky, [Mr. PmsTER.] what I conceive to be these objections, I propose the following a.a a The CHAIRMAN. lt would come out of that gentleman's time. proviso to the amendment : Mr. PHISTER. I have not had the opportma.ity to examine and Provid,ed,, That those voting in the majority shall constitute a majority of those critically analyze the language of the amendment offered by the actually present in the Honse. honorable gentleman from Virginia; but if I understand its purpose, Mr. HAWLEY. Mr. Chairman, I understood one of the gentlemen it is to recognize and enforce that provision of the Constitution which in favor of the pending motion to intimate, if not assert, that in the is found in section 5, article 1, as follows : British House of Commons the speaker may declare upon view, and Each Honse shall be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of its without count, or without any count but his own, that a quorum is own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do bnsiness- present. I am sure I do not understand it so. My opinion is that he That is a quorum with the capacity to do business- is obligecl to have a formal count of the House if it is desired. but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to I send up to the Clerk's desk, to be read, a short paragraph from compel the attendance of absent members. May on Parliament, which is of course a standard authority upon this Now, is it not an absurdity to speak of compelling the attendance subject. of a member as though absent, when he is actually present! How The Clerk read as follows : can you assert or presume that a member is absent, when he is in at After the House has been made, if notice be taken by a member that forty mem· tendance and known to be so Y If he is in attendance, he is in at bers are not present, the speaker immediately tells the House; and when it is be tendance for the purpose of constituting a quorum having the capac fore four o'clock business is suspended until the proper number come into their ity to do business. The question is, therefore, what shall be the evi plaees; but if after four o'clock the speaker at once adjourns the House until the following day. When it appears on the re,P<>rt of a division after four o'clock that dence of the member's being in attendance f It is alleged that there forty members are not present the House 18 a~ourned immediately, but when the can be only one evidence of that ; aud that is that be shall respond Houseisincommitteeand fortymembersare discovered to bewantmg, either upon to bis name in a vote by yeas and nays upon the pending proposition. a division or upon notice being taken of the fact, the chairman reports the circum stance, when the speaker again tells the Honse, and, if forty members be not then The practice under the old rules ha~ been to recognize that a member present. ad,journs the House forthwith. In the mean time, while the House is being is present participating in the proceedings of the House for the pur counted, the doors continue open, and members can enter during the whole time pose of objection, for the purpose of frustrating business, and yet he occupied by the counting. is not present to help to constitute a quorum to do business. Now, Mr. TUCKER. Will my friend from Connecticut allow me to ask is not that an absurdity T Is it not a contradiction in terms and in him from what page of May the Clerk has read f factt The CLERK. From page 19-2. Cannot his presence be ascertained by a call of the Honse, as is pro Mr. TUCKER. From what edition f posed by the amendment of the honorable member from Virginia t The CLERK. This is the "second edition, revised and enlarged," Can it not be ascertained by the sight, by the Speaker being consti published in 1851. tuted a committee for that purpose, or by other committee on quorum Mr. HAWLEY. I nnderstand, Mr Chairman, what has just been being appointed by the House to ascertain whether a quorum is pres read to mean that there is a regular count and that it is not a mere ent or not Y It is purely a question of evidence. Even if it was to hasty glance of the speaker; that it is not left merely to his discre be determined alone by the sight of the Speaker as sole committee, tion to declare a quorum present. He has to make a formal count or by the sight of any other committee on quorum to be appointed and state to the Honse its result. I am sure the House of Commons under the rule, is not the sight a more reliable sense than that of would not submit to a decision upon a mere glance of the speaker hearing T that there is a quorum present, so that a bill should pass by the action Mr. STEPHENS. Will the gentleman allow me a moment f of less than forty mem hers. Mr. PHISTER. I prefer not; this is my first appearance this ses Mr. STEPHENS, of Georgia. Will the gentleman from Connecti- sion on the floor,.and I have but little time. I say is not the sight a cut permit me to interrupt him f · more reliable sense than the sense of hearing t The Clerk calls the Mr. HAWLEY. Certainly. roll of members with a view of ascertaining their votes by yea and Mr. STEPHENS, of Georgia. I would remind the gentleman that nay. One member may vote in the stead of another; an outsider in the British Parliament they do not vote by yeas and nays on a call may vote for a member; the response of a member may be misunder of the roll. stood. Mistakes may be made in a variety of ways under the present Mr. HAWLEY. I understand that. rule or practice. Therefore, we are far more liable to have a misun Mr. STEPHENS, of Georgia. And that makes a great difference as derstanding of the vote of a member, or in ascertaining when a mem regards this question. The vote is taken by tellers or counters and a ber is present if we rely upon the hearing than if we rely upon sight. call of the roll is not required. If we see a man we know he is here. If a committee should see him, Mr. HAWLEY. They have the roll called when there is a call of if the Speaker as a committee of one should see him, then we would the House; somewhat as we do; but in the case of ordinary divisions know that he is present. they go out, the ayes at one door and the nays at another, and they The object of the amendment of the gentleman from Virginia is to are counted as they come in again. . prevent, respectfully speaking, the absurdity of saying that a man is Now, the evil, if there be one, in the existing system, that of which not in attendance when he is in attendance; and, if possible, the still gentlemen complain, is simply this, that we of the minority claim a greater absurdity of enforcing the attendance of an alleged or sup right, by sitting silent, to prevent less than a majority of the members posed absent member when he is present and making him absent so elected from passing a bill. The worst that can be done by a factions far as the progress of business is concerned when he is present partici minority, if that be the term applied to it, is to fight until the actual pating in the proceedings by objecting to the business. majority of the members elected shall pass the bill. When they are Therefore, while I do not commit myself to the phraseology of the present that friendly majority constitute a quorum of themselves; amendment of the gentleman from Virginia, (for if there is any they do not require the assistance of the minority; they run the doubt about its construction I hope it will be made accurate,) I must House themselves and pass their bills. In case of what you call fac say that I consider the purpose of the amendment a commendable one. tious resistance we drive them only to that. [Here the hammer fell.] The modern State constitutions are all ending in that direction. Mr. REED. 1i1r. Chairman, if it was my purpose to reply to the I have not looked at them with this in view, but I know from a cas gentleman who has just taken his seat, [Mr. PmsTER,] it seems te> ual inquiry of gentlemen near me that the new constitutions of Cal me that it would be a suitable and proper reply to say to him that ifornia, Minnesota, and Pennsylvania require that a bill shall not be the constitutional idea of a quorum is not the presence of a majority regarded as passed unless an actual majority of the members elected of the members of the House, but a majority of the members present shall vote for it. and participating in the business of the House. It is not the visible Mr. ROBESON. New Jersey also. presence of members, but their judgments and their votes, that the Mr. HAWLEY. lfow, we are causing no hardship whatever in tak Constitution calls for. ing the ground we do against this new rule, and I think we do no I prefer, however, in the short time which I have, to discuss this serious wrong to the country at any time when we sit in onr seats and question upon a different basis. This privilege, which the minority decline to vote. If the majority desires to have a bill passed in oppo of this House at the last session availed itself of, ie a privilege which sition to our wishes, then let the majority come here and pass it over every minority has availed itself of since the foundation of this Gov our heads. At any rate, I decline to be answerable to anybody but ernment. By pure accident, in looking over an index of the RECORD 1880. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~HOUSEo 579 this morning, I found the account of a resolution, which wa.8 drawn Mr. McLA.NE. Less than a majority can pa.ss a bill, if those pres up by a distinguished member of this House from Massachusetts, ent make with those excused from voting a majority of the House. (Mr. Butler,) to cause the arrest of a distinguished member from Mr. STEPHENS. Most assuredly not, I think. It requires a ma Pennsylvania [Mr. RANDALL] for not voting. I believe, however, j ority of those joining in the business to transact the business of the nothing ever ca.me of tha;t resolution. . . House. ~ Those excused do not join in the transaction of the business Now what is-the practical upshot of the present practice T It 18 from wliiCh they have been excused. that the members of the minority of this House upon great occasions Mr. MILLS obtained the floor. demand that every bill which is passed shall receive the absolute Mr. BLACKBURN. I move that the committee rise. , vote of a majority of the members elected. They do this in the face The motion was agreed to. and eyes of the country. If they demand upon any frivolous occasion The committee accordingly rose; and the Speaker having resumed that there shall be such an extmordinary vote as that, they do it sub the chair, Mr. CARLISLE reported that the Committee of the Whole ject to the censure of the people of this land. This practice has hith having had under consideration the revision of the rules ha&. come to erto kept this House in proper condition upon this subject, so that no resolution t.hereon. there has been no improper impeding of the public business. DEATH OF HO:N. ZACHARIAH CHANDLER. It is a valuable privilege for the country that the minority shall A message from the Senate, by Mr. BURCH, its Secretary, communi have the ri(J'ht bv this extraordinary mode of proceeding to call the cated the resolutions of that body upon the announcement of the attention of the ·country to measures which a party in a moment of death of Hon. ZACHARIAH CHA.1'"DLER, late a Senator of tke United madness and of party feeling is endeavoring to enforce upon the citi States from the State of Michigan; which wero read, as follows: zens of this land. And it works equally well with regard to all par L~ THE SE...>iATE OF THE UNITED STATES, ties for all parties have their times when they need to be checked, so January 28, 1880. that they may receive the opinions of the people who are their con Resol'Ded, That the Senate received with profoIDJd sorrow the announcement of stituents and who are interested in the results of their legislation. the death of ZACHARIAH CH.AJ.'IDLER, late a Senator of the United States from the I say that as a practical matter the results hitherto throughout all State of Michigan, and for nearly nineteen years a member of this body. our history have justified the construction which those upon this side Resolved, '.rhat, to express some estimate held of his eminent services in a Ieng public career, rendered conspicuous by fearless, patriotic devotion, the busin688 of of the House have put upon this matter, and which has been put the Senate be now suspended, that the associates of the departed Senator may pay equally by members of the other side in times past. I must say that fitting tribute to his public and private virtues. I am glad to see that this question is being discussed rtot by divisions Resolved, That the loss of the country, sustained in tlle death of Mr. CHANDLER, was manifest by expressions of public sorrow through the land. of party, but that gentlemen a.re taking views upon it with reference Resolved, That, as a mark of respect for the memory of the dead Senator, the to its whole bearing, past and future as well as present. members of the Senate will wear crape upon the left arm for thirty days. Mr. McLANE. This is the first time in the history of this House Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate communicate these resolutions to the that gentlemen on either side have ever attempted to justify the pro House of Representatives. ceeding which so constantly takes place·here, when mem"l?ers ?f the &solved, That, a in hopes of making slave States to offset the rapid growth of the free The great men whose names are linked with the history of the civil States of the Northwest. Threats of resistance and secession were war and the rehabilitation of the nation are fast passing away. Lin openly made by the South. The crack of the slave-whip was heard coln, Seward, Chase, Stanton, Greeley, Wilson, Sumner, l\Iorton, and even in Congress over the heads of independent men from the North. now ZACHARIAH CHANDLER, have vanished from the scenes, and in The doctrine that any citizen with his slaves had a right to enter upon the records of history and the memories of those still remaining must any territory of the United States and retain his slaves, called squatter rest their glorious fame. s0vereignty, was convulsing the land. The atrocious Lecompton act From Senator CHANDLER'S :first entrance into public life he was waa passed. The fugitive-slave law, with all its attendant horrors, always the vigorous, rapid, sledge-hammer dealer of telling blows waa being enforced, and Northern States passed acts to protect the no fears or quaking as to results. When the blow was delivered it ' liberty of their colored citizens. was straight from the shoulder, vigorous and effective, delivered be Like a flash of lightning from a clear sky came the attack of John cause he believed it necessary and without thinking of the tremendous Brown and his army of ten or fifteen men on Harper's ~,errv, in Vir e.ffect of the stroke. ginia; and the whole South was thrown into a paroxysm of terror To the looker-on often the effect was not immediately apparent; through fear of a servile war. it did not seem much of a blow; but the next day, the next week, the Upon all these subjects Mr. CHANDLER had given his views to the next month the effect would be manifest. Men would be talking of his nation in the Senate. power; and a little speech of ten minutes wQuld be printed in every The democratic convention at Charleston followed in May, 1860. newspaper, talked of on every corner, read at every fireside, in the The war· of factions-the South a.gainst the North-was the fatal city, in the country, on the mountain, in the valley, on the plain, in wedge that then and there disrupted the old democratic party. Sub the palace, down among the miners, up among the woodmen, in the stantially the opening gun of the rebellion was fired by that con drawing-room of the swift-rolling express train, in tJ:ie forecastle of vention, and its echoes have never ceased to reverberate to this day the fast-speeding ocean steamer, in the pulpit, in the pew, on the in the democratic party. From that fatal day in Charleston events rostrum, on the stage, rousing the laggard, encouraging the timid, rapidly hastened to war, actual war. .Abraham Lincoln was elected emboldening the brave, nerving the patriotic, striking terror to the Presidentr and traitorous ha.nds were busy, traitorous hearts were traitor. plotting, to b~tray, break down, and destroy thi§ Government. One element of his power waa in his use of clear .Anglo-Saxon words .A-Secretary of the Treasury utterly uprooted the credit of the Gov meaning exactly what he said and saying exactly what he meant, and ernment and substantially made it a bankrupt. .A Secretary of War doing it so elearly that each hearer knew he waa but crystallizing into sold its cannon and guns or shipped them to southern arsenals, and thought and expression the exact floating idea in his own mind in the sent its effective .Army to out;..of-the-way places on the distant front words that ought to be used. ier. .A Secretary of the Navy sold our ships and naval stores and He had a masterly way of using plain words for plain people, with ammunition, sent loyal officers to sea in rotten unseaworthy hulks, plain meaning. He used no tricks of rhetoric, no flowers of speech, and scattered the serviceable ships and vessels to our most distant sta no studied expression, no graceful gesture. They would have been tions. .An .Attorney-General advised the President that he could not utterly out of place with him. But his facts would be true and tell use force against a State. .A Chief-Justice refused to issue warrants ing-his speech rough-hewed but strong, his gestures ungainly 'but to arrest traitors. Every Department was demoralized or in traitor powerful. He was listened to by his friends because of their love; .one hands. listened to by hi& enemies because his power compelled their atten Lincoln waa inaugurated, and then came the :first gan of actual tion. Warm, positive, and magnetic to his friends, he was stern, un war at Sumter. yielding, aggressive in the presence of his enemies; always, how Through all these stormy scenes CHANDLER was ever and always ever, battling for the right as he believed it. Firm and steadfast in watchful, ready, alert, brave, and outspoken. his convictions, with him the contest must go on until he was victo In the debates and stormy scenes of the Senate he took his full rious. share both of responsibility and debate. Long before his" blood-let .As he was always ready to give blows, so he could receive them. ting letter" he had warned the southern Senators that their actions The story is told of him, that amid the exciting scenes yreceding meant, for them, revolution or a halter. He denounced the Lecomµ• the withdrawal of senatorial traitors in 1861, when some of them, ton act, the fugitive-slave bill, and the prosecutions under it. His goaded to madness by his merciless accusations of traitors, turned, painting of the Kansas horrors, burnings, whippings, and tortures of and with fiery southern eloquence hurled stinging epithets and bloody men and women who dared advocate free speech and free Territories threats and words o:f frenzied fury at him, he sat with a smile of scorn for freemen will stand with the tremendous philippics of the old and derision, looking them steadily in the face, as though he beard Greek and Roman orators and statesmen. But time will fail me to them not but pitied their agonized emotions. .Afterward, on being enumerate all his labors. asked why he did not reply, he said, "Let me tell you a story." Holding During the civil war and the years of reconstruction following his his hands in front of him with his two thumbs together, he said," Do great business experience, his grand executive ability, his almost you see, one of my thumbs is shorter than the other, twisted and prophetic foresight, his extraordinary sagacity and wisdom in the broken. Well, once driving a yoke of oxen in my younger days, I conduct of affairs brought him to the front. got very mad at one of them, and raved and tore around consider His jmlgmeat in regard to one of the noted generals in command ably, and finally as the ox: did not seem to care much about it, in my of the .Army of the Potomac showed his wonderful sagacity and de rage I struck him as hard as possible with my fist;thinking to break cisiOn of character, and the strong reliance he had upon the great a rib at least. The sturdy old ox shifted his end from one side to the under-currents of popular opinion and wisdom to justify his action. otJher, looked around at me very quietly, whisked his tail gently, as He denounced this general, and in the most positive manner charged though a fly was tickling him-while I was just howling with a him with failure as a military commander and as utterly incompe broken thumb. So," the Senator concluded, ''it often happens, that tent to conduct successfully a great campaign. This charge, made the man who supposes he is giving some one else a stunning blow and substantially proved in the Senate and before the country, re finds he has only broken his own thumb." sulted in a change of commanders of the Union .Army, and, as a fur When Mr. CHANDLER first appeared in the national political arena ther result, final victory. It was sought subsequently to reverse this in 1856 he announced himself as a candidate for Senator. General decision by an appeal to the people of the country in a presidential Cass, whose term was about to expil'e, looked at the audacious young campaign, but the result showed that CHANDLER was right, and his man with undisguised disdain, and was not slow to express his con action as proper and patriotic, was triumphantly vindicated by the tempt for the "young man who," he said, "might know how to meaa nation, and the removed general became the defeated presidential ure calico and tape, sell needles and thread, but was not fit to take candidate. his place in the council of the nation," and added, " we will remit With the close pointed application to individuals. Its clear-cut definition," Treason evening, each time to a large concourse of people. He retired at against the United States shall consist only in levying war against twelve o'clock, and rest.ad well through the night. them or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort," Many of our citizens bade him good-bye at the early train for Chi his mind instantly applied personally, and a citizen of the United cago; and little did they think as the cars rolled out irito the light States who made war against his own country was a traitor, not an of that beautiful morning that it was the last he was ever to behold "erring brother,'' or one who had only been engaged in" some un on earth! Yet so it was, for within twenty-one hours thereafter he pleasantness." An unrepentant rebel was a traitor ever and always. was dead. Yet no one was more ready than he to receive heartily any one I think only those who saw him during these last hours of his life ' desirous of returning to his allegiance to his flag and bis country. could realize the suddenness of his death. Though the grim mes The great leader of the rebellion, who, with the oath of allegiance senger walked beside him, no shadow fell upon his pathway. His almost warm upon his lips, went out from the Senate of the United thoughts were all of life; he could scarcely have been thinking of States, where he had given his pledge of loyalty to the Government, the possibilities of death; his every act and energy was devoted to ay, his own Government, freely and voluntarily, with hand upraised the work before him ; he talked of nothing else, and apparently he to heaven, and calling God to witness his truth, to levy war against the thought of nothing else. United States, which act the Constitution had declared treason, was He was the avant courier of republicanism. His voice had rung out to him a traitor, whose name should never be enrolled on the rQU of from Maine to Wisconsin. He had moved the people by the potency honor-the pension-roll of the patriotic, loyal, maimed, and wounded of bis presence and the earnestness of his appeals. He believed that soldiers of the Union Army. CHANDLER'S last speech in the Senate national dest\ny itself trembled in the balance, and he imparted this went to the hearts of his countrymen, and will live with those of the belief to the masses wherever he went, for they knew that his heart distinguished orators and patriots of the early days of the Republic. was in his work and his convictions were in his words. That there was one man at least in the Senate of the United States Amid scenes hke these it could hardly have been possible that he who dared to lift an indignant voice for patriots and patriotism, and had a thought of what was to come. He could scarcely have dreamed against traitors and treason, gladdened the hearts and strengthened that while yet the plaudits of thousands were rimging in his ears he the hands of millions of citizens. The distinction between right and was to meet, in the heart of that great city, in the dead hour of the wrong, between loyal citizens and rebels, between patriots and trait night, in the silent loneliness of his room, that dread messenger, who ors, seemed to be fast dying out, till a few burning words, in a mid gave no warning and accepted no delay; yet so it was, for he awoke night session, forced out of his inmost heart by insulting wrong, went only from the sleep of life to sink back again in the sleep of death. like a zig-zag stroke of lightning throuuh the wordy sophisms, and No, }..fr. Speaker, none but those who remember the earnest manner revealed to an indignant people the insult that wa.s being attempted and pathetic voice with which he besought the chairman of each suc to land, country, flag, and all the patriotic impulses of the nation. cessive meeting to telegraph him at Detroit on the night of the elec- . It is said that the eagle, when the storm arises, the lightnings :flash, tion the result of the contest can realize the overmastering interest and thunders roll, and heavy winds and bla~k portentous clouds are which had taken possession of him. The news be so longed to hear rushing through the heavens, spreads his broad wings and soars above did indeed flash along the wires, but whether it died out in the clark the storm. Thus it was with our dead friend. When peril threat ness of that shoreless sea, or whether it penetrated the mystic regions ened the country, when disaster spread ruin and desolation, when of the great beyond, no word ever comes back to tell us. men'sheartsfa.iledfromfear, CHANDLER rose above the storm, scanned We who speak of ZACHARIAH CHANDLER here to-day must speak the ruin, the disaster, the peril and dismay, grasped the situation, mas of him as he was, for he never feared to speak for himself. And his tered it in all its details, and calmly and quietly led the way to safety. words will be cherished and remembered when ours are lost and for He was a born commander and leader o.f men-a power that would gotten. No :flowers of rhetoric, no high-wrought .historic parallels, and could and did overcome all obstacles. In the calm or in the storm, no half-drawn apologies for what he was or what he did, will do for in the whirlwind or in the tempest, always and ever self-poised, cool, him. daring, positive, ready for action. He wa.s not the light-house to He was a plain, bln nt man. He was combative he was aggress show others the way; he was the daring navigator who, when the light ive, and in what he believed to be right he was reientless. He was went out and rocks on either hand, could seize the helm and convey the a man of the people, he was a friend of the poor, he loved liberty, ship safely into port. he hated oppression, he abhorred treason, and he detested hypocrisy. Rarely has this country been so thoroughly shocked as it was on He was a partisan, he was a patriot, he was a hero I the morning of November 1, 1879, when the lightning flashed through Like the oak he resembled, he was reared in storms and rockei in theland- tempests. Strong and massive in body, he was stronger in will; firm Senator CHANDLER was found dead in his bed this mornine;. in principles, he was formidable in argument; quick to see the salient points of a question, he brought his broad common sense to bear upon The air bad been full of his utterances; the papers loaded with the it, and not infrequently by a single sally he broke through and de closing speeches of this honest-hearted, earnest-minded old man in molished a whole battle-line of sophistry. Who can ever forget the the campaign then ending. His last speech but one was made, and expression of that face, or the instantaneous effect produced upon the :flash," he is dead," came with the stunning effect of a blow. thousands, when from. the rostrum be put that one question: Never so well known, never so earnest, never so admired and loved If this is not a. government, what did the rebels surrender t.o at Appomattox: 1 and appreciated by his friends; never so powerful against, hated, and I tell you, my friendli, they surrendered t.o the Government of the United States of feared by his enemies; but with harness on, his steady, manly voice Amenca! ringing in the ears of his countrymen, he went down as the warrior Or when, on that memorable night, in the Senate of the United in the shock of battle; ay, and at the very moment of anticipated States he made that terrific onslaught which startled 9oth sides of victory, although the shout of actual victory he was never again to the Chamber and roused the whole country, what member even of hear in this world. the opposition who did not feel the force of what he said? In the Farewell t.o thee! illustrious statesman, with a lion's heart! language of Mr. Webster, it was one of thotte outbursts of passion and Farewell to thee ! uncom\>romising patriot, with a true ~onl I Farewell to thee! indefatigable worker, with an iron frame! power which, if they come at all, come "like the outbreaking of a Farewell to thee! undaunted friend, with a. faithful brea-st ! fountain from the earth, or the bursting forth of volcanic fires, with Farewell to thee! loyal citizen, with patriotic impnlses! spontaneous, original, native force I" Farewell to thee! stalwart politician, intrepid counselor, This was the secret of Mr. CHANDLER'S power. His methods were Fearless adviser, genial companion I We mourn for thee! A Senator without reproach; clear and practical, his reasoning synthetic, and his attacks sponta A man without stain; neous and irresistible. While others were examining the bricks and A sonl above suspicion. mortar in the structure, and carefully calculating the resistance to " The air is thick with death. His :flying shafts be overcome, he selected his point of attack, and with crowbar and Strike down to-day the bravest in the land ; sledge breached the walls and carried the citadel by storm. And here and there, how suddenly he wafts Savants and philosophers may style these methods crude and West His fatal arrows I Nor can long withstand The mailed warrior, or the statesman manned, ern, but while the names of Douglas, Morton, and CHANDLER live the Against him. Bnt why shonld he hasten on people will believe them to possess an innate force which all the * * * * to strike one down learning of the schools cannot give. Just in the zenith of his strength and glory of renown I The opinion is often expressed that certain very good and compe-· "CH.u.-OLER ! above thy grave we bow in tears! tent men are holding back a political millennium by their persistent The generous friend, the unrelenting foe, refusal to accept office and enter upon public life. Somebody has In hallS of st.ate who stood for many years, ungraciously said of such, that they were made up of two parts ef Like fabled knight, thy visage all aglow, selfishness and two of timidity. I know not how the fact may be, Receiving, giving sternly, blow for blow! but if it be true, ZACHARIAH CHANDLER did not belong to this class. He never took counsel either of his selfishness or his fears. He was "Champion of ri.~~t ! Bnt from eternity's far shore Thy spirit wiu return to join the strife no more. not possessed of that happy temperameut which enabled him to stand Rest, stat.esman, rest! Thy troabled life is o'er." quietly by while aggressive wrong was crushing out defenseless right. Mr. WILLIAMS, of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, the largest tree in the l3y the very nature of his make-up, he was forced to enter the arena. forest sometimes breaks the stillness of the day by the suddenness And thus he met all the malignity, denunciation, and abaae which of its fall: so ZACHARIAH CHANDLER startled a continent when he ever come to the earnest, the faithfu1, and the true. Yet nothing went down to death I Thirty-six hours before he died he was the could dissuade him. The critical might carp, the mediocre patronize, guest of my O\~n city. He spoke there, both in the afternoon and and the malign scoff and deride, but all the pigmies of earth and sky 582 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 28, c@u 18. not stay the dauntless old hero in the work he had marked out and won for him the respect, confidence, and enduring love of its for himself. To such a man the holding of civil office was the merest people. incident in the world; for whether in public or private life he was No man was ever trusted in public or private life as was ZACHARIAH the natural defender of the people. CHANDLER by the people of Michigan, and no man ever ended a pub .. Teat Mr. CHANDLER was intense and bitter, that he sometimes lie career against whose integrity less could be said. wrongly suspicioned the motives and acts of others, is only to say that No position in their gift, however high or responsible, no honor, how he belonO'ed to the class of positive men; but that under it all there ever great, was too high for his merits or too great for their love. was a br~ud and generous sincerity and a heart a~ tender .as a child's Thus in 1851 he was mayor of Detroit; in 1852 the whig candidate none who knew him need to be told. He was, rndeed, ill earnest; for governor; in 1857, a Senator of the United States; in 1863, re- ' but if any supposed his earnestness took on only the cold malignity elected as Senator; in 1869, again re-elected; and again in 1879. In of hate, they studied his character to but little purpose. I could only 1875 he was given by President Grant the portfolio of the Interior. claim to know him us we all knew him here, yet I do not care to be told In every trust be acquitted himself honorably, fearlessly, ably, and that he was moved by other than the loftiest and purest motives. returned it impressed with the marks of his genius. Only the night but one before he.died,.in my own house, in com In nothing, indeed, was Mr. CHANDLER an ordinary man. As a mon with others, I saw that firm lip quiver and .those stern eY:es husband and a father and a friend, ever faithful, trusting, and true, moisten as be recounted the measureless wrongs which had been vis his great, manly heart delighted in exhibitions of the tenderest devo ited upon the poor freedmen of the South; and I believe mortal man tion. He never abandoned a friend, and was ever truest and most was »ever actuated by higher or holier motives than 'he when he devoted to him in the hour of his misfortune or trials. He wa.s not sw0re by the God that made him that he would never bate one .iot nor a place-seeker nor a time-server; but he was a lover of his country tittle of effort until these monstrous wrongs should be righted. and a hater of its enemies, and always filled to the measure the place I allude to these things here in no partisan spirit, for that should he occupied; and being a man of strong convictions and dauntless be banished from these halls to-day; but I speak of them only to courage the enemies of his country al ways felt his presence, and were be just to him in his grave, a.she was just and fearless before all the never spared his bitterest invectives. world. And I feel sure that could he have left any injunction be l\fr. Speaker, I knew 1\Ir. CHANDLER intimately. He was to me a hind, it would have been: " If you speak of me at all, in the lan "friend, philosopher, and guide," and I should be unjust to his mem guage of sacred song, speak of me- ory did I not speak of him as he was-a man who always acted his Jnst as I am." honest convictions without regard to or fear of the consequences. As a Cabinet minister, with the portfolio of the most complicated Burke I think it was who said that true sentiment was the logic of and troublesome Department of the Government, noted for its in common sense. Such, I think, was the sentiment of ZACHARIAH trigues and scanda.ls, the Interior, with its important divisions and CHA:'{DLER. It was plain, practical, and direct. • the intricate and delicate character of many of their important duties No more touching provisions can be found in the wills of publ~c men very difficult to compre)lend and to intelligently manage, and ren than in those of Thaddeus Stevens and Mr. CHANDLER. While the dered doubly so by outside combinations for the promotion of private former made no provision for t·he care of his own grave, he set·aside advantage and fraud-in that responsible and difficult trust, his a sum of money and directed that the "sexton keep his mother's masterly executive ability, his great common sense, his disciplined grave in good order, and plant roses and other cheerful flowers at its business habits, his integrity, his wonderful industry, his intuitive four corners every spring." knowledge of men and their motives, and his great courage and nervo So Mr. CHANDLER, with just words enou~h to express his meaning, rendered his administration such a marked success that his able and said, in effect, to ~s wife and daughter, "You are my only heirs; as accomplished successor publicly admitted that his ambition was to you have loved and trusted me, so I love and confide in you. I lay leave the Department in a.a good shape as he received it. He never my fortune at your feet, and that you may be unfettered in its en parleyed with men whom he believed to be dishonest. To illu trate joyment and use, I relieve it from any word coming back from the his blunt and direct methods, pardon an anecdote : Soon after he took grave.'1 charge of the Interior Department, I met him here in W ashingtoa and Could affection be more tenderY Could confidence be more com the usual salutations had hardly passed between us when he said : plete f Where shall the well-springs of the human heart be better "I have been reforming in the Interior Department to-day." And studied than in the wills of these two remarkable men in reply to my query aa to what he had done he replied : ''I have Impa:.-tial history will assign Mr. CHANDLER his proper place in the emptied one large room and left it in charge of a colored porter, who raBks of America's public men. We cannot do that here to-day. It has the key, who cannot read or write, and who is instructed to allow may, however, be safely said th~t if Seward, Chase, and Sumner no one to enter it without my orders, and I am under the impression might draft the plans for the fabnc of freedom, \Vade, Stevens, and that the public interests are safe so far as that room and its busi CHAlH>LER might la.y its foundations and lift its walls to coi;ripletion. ness are concerned until I can find some honest men to put into it." Noble trio! How fiercely they wrought; how well they triumphed. A further conversation developed the fact that by plain business The last of them now sleeps on the banks of the river he loved so methods he had collected his proofs, and thus armed he could only fondly. And to-day Wisconsin comes with her foster-mother, Mich deal a deadly blow. Thus early he ma.Btered all the intricate and dif iO"an, to lay a garland upon his grave. He loved to tell us that the ficult details of the service; early he clearly comprehended its needs b~undaries of his own county of Wayne once embraced both our and vigorously and laboriously applied himself to their practical ac States. Representatives of .Michigan, your loss is our loss; and over complishment. In short, he established order where chaos previously our common calamity a nation grieves to- day. We come to mingle our ruled, reorganized details, secured efficiency, and effected a due re tears with yours, and to utter the fervent prayer that he who sleeps sponsibility in all the branches of the service. so near your metropolis may rest in peace so long as that city shall Honest himself, he tolerated no doubtful practices, no improper rela stand-yea, so long as the waters that roll by it ti.ow outward to the tions in the Department. Fraud vanished at his touch. Incompe sea. tency and imbecility met their reward, and he transmitted the port folio to his successor with the Department purged of many injurious · Mr. HUBBELL. Mr. Speaker, it is said that "death loves a shin scandals, and the service, in all its details, greatly simplified and ing mark, a signal blow." Than in ZACHARIAH CHANDLER, whose improved. death to-day we mourn in common with the whole patriotic people As a Senator, Rome, in the days of her highest virtue :10d greatest of the nation, the "fell sergeant" has had few more brilliant marks,_ strength, had none nobler, purer, or more fearless. Entering the • has struck few nobler lives, and the Republic has had to mourn no Senate during the stormy debates and violent struggles of the sec more useful citizen, no more upright or purer patriot. tions on the question of slavery, Mr. CHANDLER stepped at onoe to Mr. CHANDLER was a native of New England. He was born at the front as a recognized and trusted leader on the side of freedom. Bed.ford. in the State of New Hampshire, December 10, 1813 ; in the The times were full of peril, and terribly tested aJl the metal in men's St.ate which gave- birth to and molded the character of Daniel Web souls. But during that struggle, in debate, from 1857 until 1860, car ster; in the land of strong convictions, of sterling integrity, of un ried on on the one side by patriotic, liberty-loving men, who hated compromising patriotism, and inflexible devotion to freedom. Here slavery and antagonized it because they dreaded its extension, and Jn kis native State, building up a vigorous frame and robust health on the other by men who worshiped slavery, were bound to extend among its granite hills- 1.iere amid its noble associat.ions and grand and perpetuate it or destroy the common government inherited from institutions of learning; amid a people rejoicing in their revolu the fathers who recognized ·the code, and under its bloody rules tionary history-in itl'l perils and privations and its glories and tri tried to intmridate1 the representatives of the people from the North umphs-lovinO' freedom aud hating oppression, ZACHARIAII CHAND ern Stat.es in the discharge of their duties, no man ever did or will LER imbibed those ri~id principles of justice, that invincible love of say that ZACHARIAH CHA..."WLER ever faltered in the discharge of his freedom and of country, that incorruptible integrity which he trans duty as be saw it. He abhorred the code, condemned alike by the planted in his new 110me in the then "far West," and which distin laws of man and of God, yet while in the discharge of his public guished every act of his public life, and in support of which he died trusts it had no terrors for him, and never caused him for a moment literally in harness. to falter in the full and complete performance of his duties. In his home in Michigan, the State of his adoption, these sterling It is not my purpose here to enter into that memorable debate upon qualities were combined with and regulated by an intelligence and the question of slavery and the rights of the States which preceded sagacity 'so rarely at fault as to enable him to amass an ample for and culminated in the war of rebellion, more than to say that Mr. tune, place him at the head of the business men of the State, and soon CHANDLER'S sagacity readily penetrated the designs of the southern point him out as a man of mark, as a man of rare and genuine merit, lenders; readily saw that slavery was only a means to the consumma of. great force of character, of intrepid courage and sterling worth, tion of their purpose-the disruption of the Union. Indignantly and \ 1880. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 583 vehemently he raised his voice in exposure of this traitorous plot. tions of business, bringing substantial rewards; the contests for He was "no orator as Brutus" was. He apparently despised all mere higher position, while holding securely the advances made; the ornaments of speech, but in his vigorous, terse English he left no reaching out for wider influence and greater mastery over the thoughts doub~as to his meaning and purpose. And thus he fearlessly labored and acts of men; and, finally, the control and power which made ' everywhere and on a.l] occasions to aronse the country to a sense of him a recognized leader and a mighty-force in the land. With ll() the impending danger, and to prepare it for a con:fl ict of arms in sup external advantages to aid him, he overcame obstacles and conquered port of the Union. He had no faith in compromise, but felt that the opposition and secured for himself commanding position and influ inevitable and deadly conflict must come, and tried to prepare his ence. He was conscious of his own inherent strength ; he knew that countrymen for it. The events which rapidly followed demonstrated he lived in a country full of opportunities to the earnest and faith the wisdom as it did the justice of his conclusions and his course. ful man; and he realized that in this free land men have equal right The rcbellioq. came upon us with its appalling sacrifices and suffer to place and wealth and power if they have will and strength to win ings, an cl awfully vindicated his sagacity auu the justice of his charges them. He asked no odds and he accepted no gifts. What he was against the southern leaders. and what he possessed came as the result and reward of his own per Great names and great men, so called, unless distinguished by worth sonal efforts. He did not drift into high_positions, but earned them and patriotic motives and corresponding actions, received from him by sheer exertion and force of character. His history is the record no homage. His country to him was all in a}l. Every patriotic man of a successful man; and we can find few more impressive examples, he claimed as a friend, and to every patriot, to all patriots, of e>ery even in this country which is so full of personal ~chievements. grade or character, if their sincerity were demonstrated by works, he In private life Mr. CHANDLER was bluff, hearty, and sincere. He yielded his whole support, all bis weight and influence. was outspoken with the candor of positive •rnth. He did not con But the man who laid himself down in the path way of his country's ceal his admiration of one whom he liked, and he was equally open honor and glory, the man who, whether from imbecility or design, ob in the expression of disapprobation of one he disliked. He was fra.nk .structed or impeded his country's triumphant march to victory, to and generous in his approval, and he was equally free and severe in perfect and permanent peace, to that man ZACHARIAH CHANDLER his condemnation. There wa~ an integrity in his friendship and an was an inflexible foe, and to him he fearlessly proclaimed his hos earnestness in his recognition of friends which endeared him to those tility. who knew him intimately. As a member of the Committee on the Conduct of 1lhe War he was The personal qualities which marked his private intercourse were active, terribly in earnest, and untiring in industry, and rendered to still more conspicuous in his public life. There wae always the same the nation the most important services. No namo, however high, baf- posit~veness of manner and speech. His large frame, his vigoroua fled his inquiries or escaped his judgment. ' health, and commanding presence were not more remarkable than the Notwithstanding he had regarded McClellan's appointment as wise robustness of his mind, his stout heart, his stalwart courage, and resist and judicious, yet, for reasons already made a part of our country's less energy. history, he boldly arraigned him in the face of the country, in the His political opinions were formed during the controvers1es of the teeth of his great popularity and the great power he wielded in com Missouri compromise and the attempt to establish slavery in Kansas. mand of the armies, as utterly incompetent for the weighty duties of He entered public life just as the struggle for national supremacy his high position, and demanded his removal, as justified by the high was culminating into war. He regarded it as a question of liberty est reasons of expediency and the loftiest motives of patriotism. or slavery, of national unity or its dismemberment. He saw with clear Believing that Pope, at second Bull Run, was sacrificed by Fitz vision the terrible magnitude of the issue, and this made him a par J ohn Porter, and that our loss of life and disaster at that battle was tisan. It was impossible for him with his consciousness and convic caused by Porter's criminal insubordination, he boldly denounced him tions to be otherwise than a partisan. He was intensely in earnest. as a traitor to his country and demanded his trial and punishment. He feared southern aggression, and unceasingly fought it; he de Against all men whom he believed to be untrue to his country in tested disloyalty, and was bold in his discoveries of it; he abhorred her hour of peril, his great patriotic heart instinctively rebelled, and the rebellion with intolerant hatred, and labored for its destruction. they were macle the victims of his terrible denunciations. He would grant no concession where be believed the principle was The war of the rebellion ended, Mr. CHANDLER took a prominent vital, and, however hot or bitter or uncertain the fight, he neither part in that legislation which reconstructed the States in rebellion gave nor asked for quarter. During the dark days of w::i,r his heart and gave them representation in the halls of Congress, and here as never faltered and his voice never trembled. He exacted the utmost e1iewhere his career was marked by the same distinguishing traits fidelity and diligence from those who supported the Union cause, and of character. had little respect or charity for those who brought failure to its arms. Coming into the Senate again in 1878, he immediately stepped to His watchfulness and aggressiveness did not cease with the war. the front and the country knew that plain, honest old ZACH. CHA..."'ID When conciliation seemed to have failed, and the old strife, which it J,ER, as they loved to call him, was again in his seat, and the demo was supposed bad been buried on the battle-field, was revived in cratic party, which he never loved, was made painfnlly aware of his Congress, Mr. CHA...~LER naturally came to the front, and with the presence. Stripping the guise of flimsy pretexts from off the rea-sons same defiant courage of opinion which gave him master influence actuating the men who forced the extra session, be sounded the key during the war, he proclaimed in the Senate, and before the-} people, note of alarm-the bugle-call of the campaign of 1879, in which he the dangers which threatened the peace and good order of the nation, labored day and night, closing his great work in one of the ablest in language which could not be misunderstood. and grandest speeches of his life in the Garden City of America, Perhaps in a less turbulent period of our history Mr. CHAKDLER where, ere the dawn of day succeeded his great effort, he died. The would not have occupied so prominent a place. He was not a great life of a great, earnest, honest, and broad-souled man went silently statesman, but he was needed in an exigency, and most nobly did he out with the watches of the night, and in his death the Republic meet the requirement. No man better understood the pat riotic im mourns an upright and useful citizen, a noble Senator, a peerless pulses of the people, and no man had greater power in expressing and patriot, and humanity an abiding friend. Apparently in robust health, arousing popular sentiment. He was in sympathy with the masses; in the vigorous exercise of all his great faculties, peacefully and he had an intense sense of justice between man and man ; he esti serenely, without a struggle and free from pain, his noble spirit sank mated men a-0cording to their true worth; he never stood npon bis into the "blind cave of eternal night,'' passed triumphantly from the dignity, nor by word or manner indicated any personal superiority. active scenes and duties ·of worldly life to the judgment-seat of his The coarse dress or rough manner did not repel him, but every man, God. however pla.in or bumble, was at ease in his presence. He stood nearer Thus yields the cedar to the ax's edge, to the people and had a stronger hold upon them than any other Sen Whose arms gave shelter to the princely eagle, Under whose shade the ramping li-0n s)8pt; ator. Whose top-branch overpeer'd Jove's spreading tree, The secret of his success and bis control of the popular mind may And kept-low shrubs from winter's powerlul wind. be founu in his sincerity, his intensity, his constancy, and his direct But though dead, he is not forgotten. In every patriot's home, in ness. There was no deceit in his nature. Yo.u were never left in the home of every friend of humanity, of every friend of freedom and doubt about his views; and, what is more, he was never in doubt free institutions, his name will long be cherished with endearing himself. You always knew where to find him. He used vigorous pride; and history in recording his actions, in reviewing his services Saxon. His utterances were plain and terse. His illustr.ations, to his country and to mankind, and i::i its judgment of his character, although sometimes extravagant, were foll of rugged meaning, and will as surely rank him high among the good and great men of his what they lacked in elegance was made up in force. Whatever he ~~ - said he meant should be understood just as he said it. Peace to his ashes. There was nothing negative about him. His policy was never timid nor vacillating. However great the responsibility, he never besi tated Mr. CRAPO. ·Mt. Speaker, the life of ZACHARIAH CHANDLER is a to assume it, but he always went to the front. It was this positive, marked illustration of that character which is developed by our aggressive, uncompromising spirit which gave him leadership and American institutions and which is distinctly Allleric:1D. In no other enabled him to infuse courage into men of less boldness. He was im -00untry and under no other system of society and Jaws do we look patient of opposition, and as ready to condemn his own party asso for the manifestation of such individual growth and power. Start ciates as his opponents when their policy was at variance with his ing from the humble surroundings of a New Engfand farm, wit h the own. limited a and ridicule against him, even now, before the period of passionate In this conflict, Mr. CHANDLER stood boldly up for the fundamental strife in which he was an actor has entirely passed away, have ac rights of man, and was a fit representative of his great liberty-loving knowledged his virtues. constituency. The continuous eighteen years of Mr. CHANDLER'S His personal integrity, his resistless energy, his burning patriotism, senatorial career were years fraught with momentous eventa, and his rugged frankness, and his fearless devotion to duty, made him con were the most eventful years of American history. It was during spicuous in the legislation of the country and in the councils of his these years that the bondmen were made free, that the nation was party. saved, the Union restored, and liberty preserved to the American He died with the harness on, in the mid-day of his fame and use people. It was during these years that the rights of man were more fulness, actively participating with all the :fervor of his nature in the firmly guaranteed by amendments to the fundamental law of the struggle which he believed of vital consequence to his countrymen. land. It was during the later years of Mr. CHANDLER'S life that the We cannot but admire the character of a man who ''was the archi financial credit and the i~tegrity and honor of the nation were at tect of his own fortune," and who, under a beneficent and free gov stake; when demagogues sought to build up a political organization ernment, which gives equal advantages to all, relying upon his own upon their country's shame. In the settlement of all these great brave heart and strong arm and indomitable will, won a name and questions, the vote and voice of the late Senator truly represented wielded a power which will continue far beyond the generation in the patriotic sentiment of thL' people of his State. In Octouer, 1875, which he lived. Mr. C~"'DLER was chosen by President Grant as one of his constitu tional advisers, and placed at the head of the Interior Department, Mr. BREWER. l\Ir. Speaker, on the 1st day of November last the where he remained until March 4, 1877. His appointment, at first, sad announcement was made that Senator CHANDLER was dead; that didnotmeetwith the commendation of the self-assumed, high-toned, his lifeless remains were found in bed at the Pacific Hotel, in the theoretical politicians of his party; but when he passed over the In city of Chica~o. The report was doubted at first by the friends of terior Department to his successor, the people and press of all parties the deceased i::senator, but all doubt was soon removed, and the city vied with each other in commending the manner in which he had and State of bis adoption arrayed themselves in the habiliments of conducted the duties of his office. He demonstrated by practical mourning. Senator CHANDLER was known to more of the people of experience that he was the best reformer of the civil service who Michigan than any other of her citizens. The name of ZACHARIAH chose his assistants and employes because of their practical knowledge CHAl>."DLER,or ''Old Zach," as he was more commonly called, was famil of the duties they were selected to perform, rather than he whose iar in every household, and was spoken with the utmost freedom by lected them because they succeeded in answering questions relating old and young alike, but to-day, to them, his voice is stilled in death. to matters which in no manner pertained to their official duties. As To-day his name is spoken with sadness and sorrow from the Atlan Secretary of the Interior be purified that Department of the Govern tic to the Pacific, at least in every Northern State. Mr. CHANDLER'S ment, and showed an executive talent surpassed by no one who had life in many respects was an even tfnl one. Born in the town of Bed filled the po ition. ford, amid the rugged hills of a New Hampshire home, M soon began Upon the resignation of Senator Christiancy in the spring of 1 79, to exhibit those traits of character which in after life made him so l\fr. CHA.lo."'DLER, as is well known, was chosen by the Legislature of prominent. In 1833, when but twenty years of a.ge, he became sat Michigan to fill the vacancy caused by such resignation. In bis long isfied that his native State was no field in which to develop his busi official life bis great executive and busine s ability, his industry and ness powers, and he sought a home in the then undeveloped great strict integrity, have met the highest commendation of the press and Northwest, and found it in the city of Detroit. What a broad field people of all parties. No one has ever been bold enough to charge was then opened to the view of the energetic young New Englander! ZACHARIAH CHANDLER with corruption or peculation in office. Sen Nearly all our country west of Buffalo at that time was but an un ator CHANDLER was in many respects truly a great man. He was not inhabited wilderness. Michigan was but a Territory, with a few great in his style of oratory; he was not great in bis classical learn thousand inhabitanis, and contained within its territorial govern ing or in his knowledge of the sciences, but he was great, powerfully ment what is now known as the State of Wisconsin. The city of great, in his knowledge of men. He was one who could mold public Detroit was but a small town, its inhabitants being largely engaged opinion and assimilate the judgments of men, and such a man is truly in trade with the natives of the forest. But the city of Detroit to great. He was a leader of men; he drew about him in his political day is one of the great cities of the Northwest, while Michigan bas councils not only the aged, but the young, the ngorous, and active; a population of a million and a half of people, and Wisconsin nearly he waa a man of the people and from the people, and herein lay his an equal number, and both of these great States are teeming with strength. In his notions be was practical. His language was plain, all the enterprise and industry of the age. Such result was obtained and his ideas were clear and always forcibly expressed. There never during the years of Mr. CHAl\"'DLER's residence in Michigan, and was could be any misappreben ion as to which side of a business or polit largely due to bis fostering care while in official life. Wonder not, ical question he was on. Mr. C.Riu.TDLER was a partisan, but he was then, that the city of Detroit and the St.ate of Michigan mourn the was first of all a patriot. While he held his country above party, loss of her honored dead, for he was always a watchful guardian of yet he firmly believed that the stability of the nation and the polit their interests. The plain result of bis watchful care for his State ical equality and welfare of all our people depended upon the success and his desire to advance her prosperity while in public life is visible of the party he so faithfully laborecl for and loved so well. He was along all the great chain of lakes and rivers which encompass her bold, fearless, and aggressive in his language and demeanor; he was borders. No one has done more to advance and build up the inter uncompromising in his utterances, a.nd never shrank from character ests of the Northwest than the late Sena.tor. izing offenses in their true light. Had he been less fearless he might When Mr. CHANDLER arrivecl in Detroit, like thousands of other at times have excused his language by uttering words spoken by young men who then sought a home in the West, his greatest wealth another: was his robust constitution, and his chief capital to start with in the Judge me not ungentle, great battle of life was his habits of industry, his self-will, pluck, Of manners rude, and violent of speooh, and integrity. Soon after his arrival he entered into a business part If when the public safety is in question nership in the dry-goods trade with one Franklin Moore, a brother-in My zeal fl.owe warm and eager from my tongne. law. This partnership continued but for a few years, when Mr.Moore But he made no apologies. He preferred to leave his countrymen . retired from the firm, Mr. CHANDLER continuing in the business until to judge his words and motives from his patriotic acts. Mr. CHANDLER he accumulated a fortune and became the most prosperous merchant was a positive man. He threw the whole power of his intellect against in the State. ~Ir. CHANDLER'S political life commenced in 1851, when that which be believed to be wrong, and he never wavered in his he was nominated by the whigs of Detroit and elected mayor of said struggle to promote right and advance•truth and justice. He was. city. His extensive business had made him acquaintances and friends possessed of great energy and great mental and physical powers, and all over the State, and in the fall of 1852 he was nominated as the he never doubted bis ability to a-0complish that which he set out to whig candidate for governor, but, while running largely ahead of his perform. He adopted the motto of another: "Attempt the end and ticket, he was defeated by Hon. Robert McClelland, his democratic never stand to doubt." If we look back over the pages of the world's opponent. He made his first political speeches in bis canvass for the history we will find that the men of the mold of Mr. CHANDLER, governorship, and soon became the recognized leader of the whigs of men that were positive, aggressive, bold and fearless in the right, bis State. He took an active part in the formation of the republican were the men who came t.o the front in advancing the great princi party at Jackson in 1854, and a leading part in the campaigns of 1854 ples of political and religions liberty. Mr. CHANDLER above all was and 1856, speaking in every part of the State, and bis plain logic, an honest man, in official as well as private life. He was plain in clear and forcible language gained him friends wherever he went. his dress and simple in his habits. He was generous with his means When the republicans obtained control of the Legislature in 1856 the and the friend of the needy and unfortunate, and thousands of such party and people with great unanimity demanded the election of Mr. in his adopted city dropped a tear over his bier as they viewed llis CHANDLER to succeed General Lewis Cass in the Senate of the United manly form in death. He was a firm believer in the inteO'rity of the States. He took bis seat in the Senate on the 4th of March, 1857, American people, and during the political campaign of 1§18 he took and was twice re-elected, and served continuously for eighteen years. the strongest ground in favor of maintaining our national credit. He The venerable H.A.N1'"IBAL HAMLIN is the only one of bis first asso asserted that after mature reflection the American people would no ciates in the Senate who is serving in a like capacity to-day, and, I more think of repudiating the nation's obligations than they would. believe, the only one now in public life. Nearly all others sleep the think of submitting to a dissolution of the Union itself, and he gave last sleep. At the time Mr. CHANDLER entered the Senate excitement tliis fact a.s an illustration of the integrity of our people. He said,. ra.n high over the repeal of the once famous Missouri "Compromise, daring the late wari while be was in Washington that he loaned to a.nd the great contest relating to slavery in the Territories was soon our soldiers several thousands of dollars, in small sums or from two fought out between the friends of freedom and oppression. to ten dollars to each, but that the whole amount was repaid to him. 1880. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 585 with the exception of about $10, and he was satisfied the poor men its organization, the senatorial power and influence of the great State who owed him that small amount had given their lives for their coun of Michigan. try. For many years antagonists in political strife, rivals for political Mr. Speaker, during the three short years that I .have bad the office, and representatives of different political policy, the grnat honor of a seat in this body, very many of onr desks have been draped peril which threatened· their common country brought them at last in mourning. Our legislative associates have fallen all around us. together, and, uniting them in a common endeavor for its rescue and Not only the small in stature and the physically weak, but those who safet.v, engendered a personal friendship which was broken only by seemed to stand like mighty oaks in the forest have been stricken the den.th of the elder; and to-day Lewis Cass and ZACHARIAH CHAND down by the icy hand of death. Surely "God moves in a mysterious LER sleep almost side by side beneath the soil of the great Common way." wealth which they both loved so well, which was the scene of their When we separated and went to our homes last summer no one political rivalry, and which honored each in his turn with its confi seemed more likely to return in the vigor of health and strength than dence and highest trust. Their graves, like those in the old cemetery he for whom we mourn to-day; but as a great political contest in at Portland, where lie face to face the commanders of the Enterprise which he had taken an active part was about to close, he slept. His and the Boxer, cover indeed the remains of rival champions, but rep popularity was never so great as on the day of his death. He bad resent now quiet after strife, equality after rivalry, and the utter become a recognized leader of his party, and his words gave strength subjection of all human power to His will" whose mercy endureth and wisdom to an aggressive h ost. It will be hard to fill his place forever." in the councils of the nation or in the leadership of his party. The Senate of which Mr. CHANDLER became a member was as re Mr. Speaker, I first became acquainted with Mr. CHANDLER in 185G, markable as any which has been known in the history of our country. and he was then known by the familiar name of "Old Zach," yet he The principles involved in its contests were those upon which de was under forty-three years of age. For the last twelve years of his pended the future character and direction of our Government and its life I knew him intimately, personally and politically, and our rela- influence for all time; and the men to whom, in the providence of God, tions were very friendly. · their illustration was committed were worthy of their high trust. Sir, I feel that the nation 1has lost a patriotic statesman, his State The political party to which he belonged wa.s at that time greatly its most illustrious citizen, and he who speaks to you a noble friend. in the minority in the Senate, and many of its members had, like him But ZACHARIAH C~DLER is gone. In the beautiful "Elmwood," self, been chosen for the qualities which mark the courage of high on the banks of a mighty river, bis friends laid him to rest, where convictions rather than for official or governmental experience, but his ashes will mingle with the dust of other illustrious dead. like him they brought to the contest, energy, activity, and constancy, In common with the people of the State he served so well, and which noble impulses of duty, the courage of lofty purposes, clear concep honored him so greatly, and of the Nation whose rights, honor, and tion of the ends to be finally reached, and a fixed determination to power be was such an uncompromising defender, and of the thou dare, to do, and to-suffer all that might be necessary for their accom sands of personal friends who loved him we cast upon his bier the plishment. faithfal tribute of affection and high regard, and so bid him a last It would not become the occasion to recount the many struggles, farewell. trials, and triumphs of that great contest; it is sufficient now to say that Mr. CHANDLER brought to the ~ide of his party the most valuable Mr. ROBESON. From rock-bound co:tst and rugged mountain and decisive qualities of mind and heart. Vigorous and energetic, side, from quiet farrus and busy villages, and from her thronging yet thoughtful and astute; of brge views, yet with clear conceptions t centers of culture and of trade, New England pours her eager sons of liberal ideas, yet with fixed principles; of high aspirations, yet along the path of every progress. From the elevating influence with concentrated purposes-these were qualities borp on New Eng of her noble social system, from her clustering churches, from her. land soil indeed, but developed on broader fields and amid the strug teeming school-houses, from her free town-meetings, they carry the gle of more elemental forces. A heart open as day to every manly impress of their New England origin, education, and character into sympathy; a steadfastness which did not yield, and a faith which every field which human ambition dares to invade or human energy never faltered; a simplicity which told of honor, and a courage which avails to conquer. What manner of men they are, who, born of Puri was born of freedom-these were qualities of heart which belonged tan stock and inheriting the energies and capacities of Puritan char to the man himself, which enshrined him in the love of friends, and acter, develop them in the free air and under the boundless horizon took hold on the affections of· the people. of the prairies, and amid the activity and vitality of pioneer and During t.he whole period of our acquaintance, my own association frontier lffe, we know and the world is beginning to realize. Carry with Mr. CHANDLER was intimate, close, and confidential. Of his ing with them everywhere the mental and moral qualities of their senatorial career I need not speak further; his record is written on New England orjgin, they develop them in scenes of more intense the pages of his country's history. But of the closer and more confi vitality and amid the struggles of larger elements of natural force. dential relations of Cabinet life and duty in which we were associated Thus is produced a race uniting in themselves almost every condition together I may bear special testimony. There, as everywhere, he of physical, intellectual, and political development ; a race which exhibited the highest qualities of character and of heart; he was at makes a new and mighty element of power, challenging the atten once liberal to every person, just to every interest, and constant to tion and commanding the respect of the world. every duty ; his every action was honor and all his endeavors were These reflections are suggested by a picture as remarkable as any for the right ; and eacll day he grew more and more in the love and in the history of our country, and which would not be possible in in the respect of his chief and of his associates. any other land or under different conditions of government and polit In the fullness of his strength, in the plenitude of his influence, ical progress. Amid the crowd of emigrants who in the earlier years in the richest development of his faculties, clad with the regalia of of the present century turned their backs upon home and birthplace a nation's confidence, and covered with love as with a garment, be in New England to seek their fortunes in the growing West were has fallen in the night, and the scen~s which once knew him so well two young men, born in the little State of New Hampshire, who both will know him no more forever. The successes to which he contrib finally settled in the beautiful city of Detroit, which, sitting like a uted will endure for others, but the mind enriched and developed, queen on the banks of its great highway, has for so many years com the enlightened heart, and the elevated spirit which achieved them manded the trade and traffic of the Northwest. Their stern New Eng are lost to his country and his friends just as, equipped and trained land mother had thrown off each in turn as the northern eagle soaring for severer struggles, the veteran turned to new conquests. Here we from her eyrie shakes in mid-air her frightened fledglings from her must pause; we can go no further. This is the "be-all and the end back to try for themselves their new-grown pinions in the upward all here;" beyond is ''th~ undiscovered country, from whose bourn no flight and dare alone the splendor and the danger of the sky. The elder traveler returns;" but here is the moral and a lesson: Life is far too of the two was among the earlier settlers of the northern region, a short to realize to man more than the merest possibilities of his nature. soldier in its defense, and a pioneer in its development. Reaching at The heart is full of aspirations, and the mind of possibilities which are an early period conspicuous official position, his strong character a;nd not, which cannot be, realized in this world. At each step which we great abilities swayed to his own views the principles and the actions take forward we see nearer and clearer the far-off goals, toward which of the people among whom he lived. Representing in the Senate of the spi,rit aspires, but which human ambition may never reach, but, the United States the great State of Michigan, he was for many years like the stars which shine down the long avenues of heaven, their the political champion and leader of opinion in the Northwest. endless line of "lights on lights beyond" tells like prophecy the im The other, whose recent death is the occasion of these ceremonies, mortal destiny of man. leaving at a later period the scenes of his youth, carried with him to his adopted State the same inborn qualities of energy and strength Mr. BURROWS. Mr. Speaker, conscious as I am of the exalted of character, enriched by the same intense love of his country, but place Senator CHANDLER held in the hearts of the people whom I have molded in a different school of political faith, developing into differ the honor in part to represent, I should feel that I had disregarded ent ideas of political policy, government, and progress. The one was the wishes of my immediate constituents should I permit this occa the veteran champion and representative of the older democracy; the sion to pass without attempting to give expression to their high ap other soon became a leader of the new republicanism. In the strug- preciation of his character and their profound sense of irreparable. . gle of parties which often convulsed the State they were ever repre loss. sentative antagonists, and as one of the early fruits of the great polit I am not apprehensive, sir, that I shall expose myself to the impu ical revolution which swept the Northwest, the younger was elected tation of fulsome eulogy of the dead, or unjust detraction from the to the seat of the elder in the Senate of the United States; a position merits of the living, by declaring that no citizen of Michigan stood which he held until a very recent period, keeping in the bands of higher in the public regard, or could, by his death, have so disturbed these two sons of New Hampshire, almost unbroken from the time of the public repose, as the distinguished Senator whose sudden demise ~· 586 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. J A.NU.ARY 28, has given occasion for this solemn observance. That be occupied a would ne>er have said, "the truth lies between the two extremes." foremost place in the State's esteem is evidenced by the prolonged A man once prominent in American letters and politics, who failed and illustrious service to which her partiality repeatedly called him; to secure the success in public life to which his intellectual abilities that he is sincerely lamented is attested by the manifestations of apparently entitled him, described, as lessening his availability for public and private grief attending bis imposing obsequies. political leadeI"ship, bis irresistible tendency to see in the strongest The qualities of head and heart which thus endeared him to the light the arguments and sentiments of his opponents, and to permit people of Michigan were so conspicuous that they readily suggest bis vigor of action to be modified accordingly. Mr. CHANDLER never themselves to every one familiar with his public career, for the prom suffered through any such weakness. He was never in danger of inent and distinguishing- features of his character were so pronounced being turned into a pillar of salt. that they could be neither disguised nor misunderstood. Willing enough to concede that his opponents might be sincere, he Chiefest among these was his unchallenged honesty. Holding, for would rejoice in that sincerity as giving promise of a finer battle. It a quarter of a century, some of the most responsible positions in the would never have occurred to him that it ought to save them from gift of his State and the. nation, w~e~her partici~ating int.he legis defeat. lation of the country or rn the adm1mstrat10n of its laws, h1S course His roughness and readiness provoked criticism. Men more schol was ever marked by the same unswerving integrity. Provoking, as arly, judicial, deliberate, and many-sided, and by reason thereof often he did, by his pronounced partisanship the :fiercest assaults of his less valuable in times of stormy action, were apt to undervalue Mr. political antagonists, yet no adversary was ever bold enough to attack CHANDLER. But his advice and judgment were sound in the startling his official integrity or impugn his ~ersonal honor.. . crisis of war, and, while it was not a surprise to those who really Nor would be brook dishonesty rn others. It 1s said, that when knew him, it was a great satisfaction to see him become in time of Secretary of the Interior, becoming satisfied that a certain bureau in peace a Secretary of the Interior, pointed to as a model of integrity that Department needed thorough renovation, he sent for the head of and vigor. the division and directed the immediate dismissal of twelve of his His opponents made a common mistake in deeming the sledge-ham most prominent subordinates. The chief of the bureau expostulated mer.combatant lacking in the graces of friendship. He hated many with the Secretary and finally declared that it would be impossible things; I do not think he hated any man. He had lived through to transact the business of his department without their assistance. enough of rude conflict in private and public to know that we may "Very well, sir," replied the Secretary, "then the business of your judge opinions and principles by the light we have, but should esti department will be suspended ; for unless you make these removals mate men by the light they have. by four o'clock this afternoon, that branch of the public service will All the time be lived he was indeed a live man. And though he be be closed." It is needless to add that the orders of the Secretary dead the magnetism of hi3 m,J,ture is here to-day, and will be felt for were immediately executed and the subortlinates discharged. generations. . If it be true that "an honest man is the noblest work of God," then ZACHARIAH CHANDLER was one of nature's master-pieces. Mr. DUNNELL. Mr. Speaker, the late Senator CHANDLER attained "He never sold the right to serve the hour," political eminence and secured the admiration of the American peo Or paltered with eternal truth for power. ple because he had and exhibited in action some of the best traits of Then, again, he was a man of matchless courage. Positive in his an attractive human character. He had integrity, honesty, patriot convictions, he was bold in their atlvocacy. His course of action once ism, boldness and moral bravery. These qualities were the pillars determined upon, supported by an approving conscience, no fear of upon which, in a large degree, rested his national fame. They gave popula.r disfavor or personal discomfiture could swerve him from his him success in each great theater of his life. fixed pmpose. No matter what the emergency, he was always equal When his remains awaited burial in the city of Detroit, his fellow to it. Where 6thers doubted, he was confident; where others fal citizens, in large numbers and irrespective of party, in their unani tered, he was immovable; where others queried, he affirmed. Whether mously adopted resolutions, made conspicuous these shining charac engaged in preserving the nation's life or sustaining the national teristics. His honesty, his uprightness, his uncorroptedness in the credit, whether in the Senate or in the cabinet, he was the same fearless, transactions of life were in daily play, and came to be the univer intrepid leader. There was no error, however popular, be would not sally' conceded qualities of the man. assail-no truth, however despised, he would not champion. As illus This animating and controlling principle greatly augmented, with trative of his indomitable courage in great emergencies, it is related out doubt, the force of those other traits to which reference has been of him that immediately after the battle of Bull Run, when the Re made. Ho did not yield to the temptations which come to men will public seemed tottering to its downfall, he called upon the President ing to acquire gain and place by the use of deceptive and otherwise to advise with him in relation to the exigencies of the hour. l\fr. unworthy methods. As be bated fraud, he demanded a clean record, Lincoln was in despair, and met Mr. CHANDLER with the exclama a full exposure of all the motives which shaped and impelled the tion: "The country is lost! what shall we do f" "Do," responded actions of men. His denunciations of men who in action were not what the stalwart Senator, "call immediately for three hundred tliousand their professions would m~·ke them, were signally severe. For such volunteers." "Bot will the people respond f" questioned the Execu men, he bad no excuses. If he was intolerant, his honesty made him tive. "Yes, sir, if you were to make it a million." And it is S:1id so. There was no sham in this great distin&'uisbing element in his that he never quit the executive chamber until he bore the order character. It was :firmly roote.d and unceasrngly operative. It did from l\.lr. Lincoln to Secretary Stanton directing the summons. He not leave him when be passed from private into public life. During was one of the few public men who, in the consideration of great his eighteen years of service in the Senate of the United States, much questions, not only had positive convictions, but the moral courage of it opening paths to personal profit, which touched and hurt other to avow them, regardless alike of public opinion or personal conse men, be made such a record for honesty, in its largest signification, quences. It mattered not bow popular a measure might be, or how that it left in the background and to be forgotten forever whatever much its advocacy might enhance the chances of party success, Sen of faults, if any, may have touched bis personal character. ator CHANDLER never yielded bis convictions for a momentary advan After a short retirement from the Senate, he became the Secretary ta in party organization kept him for many years at the head of the tee on Commerce in the Senate, a committee of which he was after national republican committee. ward chairman for so many years. It is said that the first bill ho ever The repeal of the Missouri compromise he regarded as a blow aimed presented was one to improve the Saint Clair Fla.ts by deepening the at the life of the nation. This act aroused into the intensest activity channel over them. This bill, and his next to deepen Saint Mary's his sublime love for the Union. From this hour his voice was heard. River, he pushed with that untiring energy which marked his course The directness and severity with which he spoke of measures which afterward in such matters. During the debate in the Senate on the he deemed hostile to the public good, may be charged to his ardent Saint Clair bill Mr. CHANDLER said," I want to see who is friendly love of country. He was an extreme partisan because he sincerely to the great Northwest and who is not; for we are about making our believed his party alone could save and best serve the Republic. He last prayer here. The time is not far distant when, instead of coming -did not think it possible to save it by any other political organization here and begging for our rights, we shall extend our hn.nds and take or agency. His uncompromising devotion to the Union would not the blessing. After 1860 we shall not be here as beggars." suffer him to consider for an hour any terms of compromise or con Time will not permit u's on this occasion to follow him minutely in ciliation. The sincerity and honesty of his motives were never ques his successful career in the Senate. Long identified with the inter tioned by those who knew him. His vast labors for the Government ests and prosperity of Michigan, no man has accomplished more for during the war, and the soldiers who were standing against its ene helfllaterial interests than l\Ir. CHANDLER. Outside of political and mies, were inspired by a deep and generous patriotism. No man will party lines he has been of great service to the State, and his dea,th is do him justice who does not credit to it all he did and sacrificed for there considered a great calamity. He will fill an honorable pa.ge in it when its life was in peril. His words were indeed barbed, but bis the history of his country's struggles and triumph over human slavery. nature would not suffer the coinage of any other. He hated oppression wherever he found it, and counted no conse I have said, Mr. Speaker, that one of the marked traits in the Sen quence in denouncing the oppressor. ator's character was his boldness. His honesty made it impossible Senator CHANDLER was a man of decided convictions and utterances. for him to evade or conceal. He did not hesitate at any time or in His boldness and frankness of speech often led to a misconception of any place to utter his convictions or use right names. He spoke as his character, and made the impression that he was tyrannical and vin he felt. Words with him were put to their legitimate use. Frank dictive. His nature was eminently genial, tender, and sympathetic. ness marked the man and was the offspring of his honesty. He said He felt keenly the wrongs of others, and was never more outspoken what he thought the occasion required. It would not have been pos than when defending the cause of the weak and oppressed. sible for him to do less and be himself. He was rugged in conviction Pending rebellion, he was loyal, hopeful, helpful, and a military and in utterance. His sneeches in the Senate during the extra session division in himself, to help Lincoln, Grant, and Stanton. He was of last year, were charged with the severest denunciations, for they devoted to the Union in its hour of peril. His earnest, persevering came of the views which he had entertained concerning the war and labors amid the darkest days of its trial and difficulty, bis courage its chief actors. He could not have made them otherwise. and steadfastness in the pursuit of his noble aims and purposes in the · It may be said that the Senator, though &incere, was extreme and interest of the nation, were no less heroic of their kind than the brav daring, yet such a man is safer in the councils of a nation than a timid ery and devotion ~f the soldier whose duty and whose pride it was man, for the latter is quite certain to surrender his whole cause WHEN heroically to defend it upon the battle-field. No human being can some crisis is reached and when the highest order of courage is the accurately say how much of our final victory during war and recons truc stern necessity of the hour. The brave man will never deceive tion was vitally and indisputably ministered by ZACHARIAH CHAND either friend or foe. LER. He was absolutely invincible and fearless. I wish to pay a brief The last speeches of Senator CHANDLER in the Senate brought him tribute to the fearless independence of his character, to his integrity, invitations to address the people in many States of the Union. He his honest adherence to the principles which he believed to be right, spoke many times in Ohio, Maine, Massachusetts, New York, Wiscon to the rugged force of his talents; all of which made him an impor sin, and Illinois during the months of August, September, and October. tant element in the affairs of t.he nation during the last quarter of a Vast crowus greeted him wherever he spoke. The masses loved his century. Few men in this country ever wielded a stronger politi directness of speech. They honored him for what be was and what cal influence than Senator CHANDLER. He was a man of firm convic he eaid. Faneuil Hall resounded with the loud and long applause tions, and, though an ardent partisan, was just. His character was which followed his words. His reception in every place was an ovation. unimpeachable. Throughout his course of public life not even his bit Turning his face homeward, he reached the city of Chicago on the terest opponents ever had aught to say against his honesty. 31st of October. Here, when the echoes of his last eloquent appeal Few men have taken such a firm, deep hold on the confidence and re to the thousands who here so enthusiastically heard him, had scarcely gard of the country. His sturdy patriotism and his uncompromising died away, the spirit of the bold Senator, the incorruptible statesman loyalty carried and captivated the popular heart. He had something and the earnest patriot, took its flight. Here ended a life grandly in his composition that compelled-respect and confidence from the peo useful and heroic. This generation cannot forget its greatness, and ple. One of Napoleon's favorite maxims was, "The truest wisdom is a coming generations will admire its singular devotion to the Republic. resolute determination." If it is a blessing to be possessed of a stout heart, then S~nator CHAXDLER was eminently blessed. The people Mr. STONE. Mr. Speaker, in the death of ZACHARIAH CHANDLER of :Michigan, and all who knew him, had unbounded confidence in a great political party has lost one of its recognized leaders, and the the will-power and energy of "Old Zach," as he was familiarly called nat.ion one of her most distinguished sons. His life and acts have at home. I believe it is true that it is not the men of genius who been interwoven with the history :md progress of the State of Mich move the world, and take the lea.d in it, but men of steadfastness igan and of this nation during the last twenty-five years. and invincible determination. The life of Senator CHANDLER adds another name to that long list l\fr. CHANDLER was strong with the people because he wa.s con of men in this country who, by dint of persevering application and spicuously one of the people, moved by their honest impulses, filled energy, have raised themselves from the lower ranks of industry tv with their strong sense, and sharing their earnest convictions. There eminent positions of usefulness and influence in the nation. Th~ was no pretense or false show about him. He was brave, true, manly, presidential chair and the Halls of Congress have contained many square, and direct, and was never afraid to call things by their right such self-raised men-fitting representatives of the industrial charac names. He made no claim to polish or the art of rhetoric. He was ter of the American people-and it is to the credit of our institutions a strong man, rather than a scholarly one; a man of great common that such men have received due recognition and honor at the hands sense; a practical rather than a brilliant statesman. His practical Qf the people. sagacity, his resolu!.e will, and great courage made him a greater force Mr. CHANDLER'S education was limited to that of the common than many of finer polish and larger acquirements. He was a natu schools and an academy of his native State, New Hampshire. ral leader, and no man in our history as a State ever had a more faith In 1833, at the age of twenty years, he removed to the city of Detroit, ful following. He leaves a gap which it will be difficult to :fill. Upon and soon after engaged in the mercantile business, in which he was the nation which honored him, and the State which loved him, the very successful. news of his death fell with great suddenness and the force of an aw His public life began by his election to the office of mayor of his ful shock. But he could not have chosen a better time to die had he adopted city in the year 1851. He was in 1852 brought prominently been given the power of choice, for he went in the zenith of his fame before the people of Michigan as the whig candidate for governor. and usefolness-in the midst of activity and labor, and with the har Although the contest was a hopeless one he made a spirited and ener ness on. His last public utterances were for an honest government getic canvass, and established a prestige in the State whichJie ever and an undivided nation. afterward enjoyed. From this. time to the day of his death Mr. A widespread and public sorrow on the announcement of his death CHANDLER took an active interest in the politics of his adopted State attested the profound sense of the loss which the State qf Michigan and the nation. In the winter of 1856-'57 he was elected to the United and the whole country sustained. Former political animosities were States Senate, to succeed Lewis Cass, being the first r~publican forgotten, and all, .without distinction of politics, creed, or nativity, Senator from Michigan. seemed to feel that the State and nation had lost a strong pillar. In the Senate he took hold of his work with the same energy and Let us imitate bis virtues and cherish his memory. directness that had characterized him as a successful merchant and business man. He saw the coming greatness of the Northwest and Mr. KEIFER. Mr. Speaker, if we were to call the roll of the dead devoted himself chiefly to the commerce and industries o:f the lake who have fallen from the ranks of those who have mustered in this region, becoming so thoroughly acquainted with the subject that he our country's Capitol, we should hear the names of many historic was soon ~onsidered an authority on all questions touching the inter souls familiar to the ears of the people of all lands, and not among ests or development of that part of the country. the least of those would be found the name of him on whose account He especially demanded for the Northwest a place on the Commit- we meet here to-day to pay a last tribute of respect. • 588 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. J .ANUARY 28, My personal relations with the late Senator ZACHARIAH CHANDLER life. He needed, if he did not deserve, its stormy da.ys to prepare were limited to occasional and incidental meetings during the last him for his high destiny. It has been said by another who had to two years of his life. . To those who knew him well and intimately bear more than seemed to be his share of violent opposition, "that during the many years of his long, eventful, and usefu~ life it must he could as little afford to spare his enemies as his friends." They be left to speak of him in his social and family rehtions. But his fitted and qualified him for better and nobler duties. Mr. CHAND public life and acts belong to the whole country; and in so far as he LER'S body and mind were alike of the rugged, not to say rough, was the instrument of good to mankind; in so far as his life was exem cast. plary and worthy of imitation ; in so far as he was a type of Amer His light, though not such as would be called in high literary cir ican manhood and an honor to his country and race, he belongs to cles brilliant, yet it burned fiercely, reaching on occasions a whit.e heat, history. in the presence of which his opponents withered. In debate he w::ts While bis life and public services may not have been singularly fearlessly outspoken. He could take as well as give herculean blows. grand, they were transcendently great. It kas often been said, with Better men may have lived than plain old ZACHARIAH CHA~"'DLER, but a view of detracting from individual greatness, that men only become none excelled him in love of country or of his fellow-men. For sub great because they have lived and been called on to grapple with terfuge and dodging he had a brave man's scorn. He always spoke great events. It is not to be denied that great occasions deve~op his mind and acted boldly up to his convictions. He was for war great intellects and great men. It is also true that men who have when peace no longer seemed possible. As early as 1860 he gave it high and responsible public duties cast on them, as a rule, meet and as his opinion that" a little blood-letting would be good for the body discharge them, often to the surprise of their friends, with singular politic." He wa~ then for war, and in the national halls of legislation faithfulness and ability. But in the long and eventful period in our he gave his voice and votes for its rigorous prosecution~ country's hisLory through which the lamented Senator lived many He believed in the fiat of the emancipation which made pl.a.in Abe strong men faltered, hesitated, and fell. Lincoln's name immortal. It has been said that he was indiscreet, The differences in men are rarely to be measured by their differ boisterous, and headstrong. So far as this may have been true it ence in natural and purely intellectual endowments; they consist was because he had in great affairs absolutely no nonsense about him. morellommonly in the differences in zeal, energy-physical energy As a political enemy of his has said, "He went straight for the thing perseverance, devotion to duty, to friends and country, pride of suc in sight, and generally canle off with it." cess, love of honor, self-respect, high resolve, danntless spirit, and, His warm and generous nature would not allow him to betray a above all, a desire to do good. Senator CHA~"'DLER possessed most if friend or thrust a.n enemy in the back. If throughout his whole career not all of these endowments, and more largely than most of the great his life was not one in all respects to be imitated by the young men and good men of the world. of the country, it cannot be said that he corrupted them. If I were compelled to name the one leading characteristic which It was my fortune to meet him for a day near the close of his life. he was endowed with in a higher degree than another, and which ruled He was then on duty for a cause ju which his heart and soul were him in private and public affairs throughout his useful life, I should enlisted, and in that cause he died. He had then entered upon his say it was heroism. Though not a warrior in the period of war, his last campaign. It was bounded by no State lines. He addressed whole life was a heroic one. Heroes are not found" alone in the fiery the people in Ohio on the political issues which he deemed vital to furnace of war; they are common to the paths of peace. He possessed them; he :flew from place to place rapidly, and was gone, and the true heroism, ''the self-devotion of genius manifesting itself in action." ''talking lightning" told us he was in the distant State of Massachu His was not only of that kind of heroism denoting fearlessness of setts, and thundering his plain but convincing speech in Fane nil Hall danger, passive courage, ability to bear up under trials amid dangers to the learned men of Boston. We heard of him elsewhere in that and sufferir)gs; nor was it only that fortitude, bravery, and valor State and in the State of New York; then came the news that he which is essential t-0 those who go forth to conflicts with living oppo was in the far Northwest-the State of Wisconsin- pouring livid, nents in personal mortal combat as duelists or in battle; it was made convincing arguments out to her people. The morning papers an up of that intrepidity and courage which shrinks not in the presence nounced that. he was to a • 1880. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 589 valleys of his native State to find a field of labor and the chances of There was a time in the late political contest when his pride and fortune in the then far vVest. He brought little with him but energy, ambition and the crowning wish of his life looked to a. return to his resolution, and that Puritan integrity natural to his race and unsul long-honored place in the Senate, when he was told secretly by an lied through his life. old and trusted friend that if he would give his influence to aid in In the first flush of youth, hopeful, ambitious, undisciplined, he left sermring a certain political appointment to a friend of one who could the land of steady habits, settled customs, and a homogeneous people, secure the result he could be elected. With an emphatic gesture, he to dwell in a region and among a people as unlike his own as could replied: "I have lived among the people of Michigan for almost half be found on the continent. a century an honest man, and I will never secure my election even by Michigan from 1612 to 1760 had been a part of New France, ruled, a promise which at another time I might be willing to make volun under French laws, by French governors, and in all respects a French tarily." people; from 1760till1787 under English governors and English laws; Equally characteristic of the man was his celebrated letter to the and till 1835 under various territorial governments. governor of his State, so much criticised, so much approveu-the blood In 1833 the whole population, French, English, and American, was letting letter, so called. about sixty thousand, and Detroit, the chief city and capital, less than He saw treason spreading through the land, poisoning the fountains ten t.housand. To such a territory and city in 1833, at the age of of justice, invading the halls of legislation, threatening the free insti twenty years, came ZACHARIAH CIIA...~LER to dwell among that mixed tutions of the country, selfish, unreasoning, inexorable, gathering people thenceforward while he should live on earth. forces for the conflict, already arming for the strife. I should love to linger over this transition period of his life, among What should he, the watchman on the tower, say to his people? the scenes and incidents and personages and events that molded and Let the Union be destroyed Y Let the Constitution be shattered Y fashioned that tall, awkward, wondering, l'esolute ·white Mountain Surrender ignobly the inheritance to treason and traitors Y No. War, boy-then and before and afterward and always called Zach-into the if it must come, blood and life, if necessary, wealth and property and merchant prince, the rich capitalist, the shrewd politician, the success comfort and long years of struggle, but this Union must and shall ful statesman, the unswerving patriot, and, better and nobler than all, be preserved. No snlrender to traitors! No yielding to timidity! the fearless advocate and bold defender of all the free institutions of No endurance of vacillation, either in court or camp! his native land and of the rights and liberties of all the dwellers He spared neither high nor low, neither the head of the Army nor therein. the subaltern in the field. He had the great courage to attack alone I would be gratified if I might embody in this grateful tribute to the management of the campaign and to change commanders. The the memory of a friend with whom I have been familiar for more than history of his labors through the war will never be written. They a third of a century some record of his hopes and ambitions, his are only partially known to the country, and not fully even to his thoughts and reflections, his plans and struggles, from the hour when friends. , he ·stood a stranger in that old-fashioned City of the Straits till that When the war was over he demanded the fruits of victory-sub evening when, amid the shouts and applause of many thousand citi mission to the Government, freedom in spirit and in fact to the en zens of a wonderful city beyond the lakes, unnamed and unknown in franchised; absolute protection to the citizen in all legal and polit those days of his early manhood, he retired weary and secretly stricken ical rights wherever the flag floats; recognition of the fidelity and to his chamber, and, when, alone- valor of Union soldiers; confidence and support to the Union men of . Nor wife, nor child, the South; suppression of violence and anarchy and kukluxism ; no Nor one of all his myriad friends, recognition or payment of rebel claims for losses in the war. To bid his parting soul farewell, On these and like subjects he could not be silent. He was not vin his great spirit quit the familiar scenes of earth, and through the dictive. He would not yield to injustice; but, looking upon the shat upper air, still vibrating with the applause of those who had just list tered hearth-stones, the maimed and suffering soldier, and the innu ened to his last thrilling words, sought rest in the unknown realms merable graves of patriot citizens, he demanded the results of victory, of immortal lile ! no more, no less, and that the great struggle should close the con Mr. Speaker, we have all an inward consciousness that "time and test, once and forever. place and circumstance" are but the common names of those mysterious ?tlr. Speaker, the record of his life and character will be more fully powers and influences and agencies that rule within and around us, made up by abler hands than mine. This time and place permit but to mold and fashion our mortal life; that, under the Divine economy, a glance at a few of the characteristics of the man. I can but feebly our nature, ever struggling with powers and principalities, with things echo the voice of ten thoul!land citizens of our•mourning State in any seen and unseen, with right and wrong, with truth and error, with expression of admiration for our departed statesman-of sorrow for justice and oppression, is constantly and imperceptibly changed and his untimely death. In Michigan a. million and a half of people are fashioned and molded by all our earthly associations. mourners. No party lines divide our citizens as we lay the tribute There's a divinity that shapes our ends. of respect upon his tomb. No citizen has died more uni versa.Uy known; Rough-hew them how we will. none been attended to his last resting-place with more abounding In 1833, when this youthful wanderer made his home in Detroit, all sadness. The thousands who thronged the streets on the might rest upon bis management of the Interior Department for the occasion. Mr. CHA....'TDLER had never spoken in this great city before, brief period he was at its head; it might rest upon his republican and be had informed one of his most intimate friends who was with leadership of the last twenty years, a leadership that was more and him tba,t he regarded it as the peculiar and crowning honor of bis more acknowledged until at his death it almost approached suprem life that he bad been invited to speak in the great commercial me acy. This capacity for administration was shown in all these rela tropolis of the Northwest. He seemed to regard it as somewhat of a. tions, and even in bis legislative career it was this faculty which recognition of the position which ho had at last reached in the esti comes oftenest to the front. He possessed the qualities of a legislator mation of this country. No man ever had a greater triumph. The of no mean or secondary order; he was invaluable in the committee, great city of the lakes was never mo-\ed by an orator in that manner but he was not the less of consequence upon the floor of the Senate. before. The echoes of that speech rung out through the Northwest Trace the history of this country through a long and most mem like the clear, strong ulast of a l>ugle. · orable period, ancl constantly as you may see his hand in its meas I saw the Senator retire from that platform amid the thunders of ures you as constantly hear his voice in its debates. He was bold applause and bearing on his brow the laurels he had won. He had and aggressive; endowed by nature with that clearness of logic, that given upon that occasion the most decisive evidence of oratorical directness, intensity, and vigor of statement that rendered him no power by the manner in which he moved and controlled that vast "unknown quantity" in debate. Any attempted analysis of his multitude assembled to hear him. character seems superfluous, his every quality is so well known to Bu~, sir, the scene changes. On the morrow I stand by his cold the world. He has been prominently before the nation for a quarter and lifeless form. · of a century-an era measured by its great achievements, unparalleled The present moment is our ain, in the annals of mankind; all the while closely identifted with the The niest we never saw. legislation of his country and with the leadership of a great party Mr. Speaker, as one of the escort I went with the remains of the which has done more for human liberty than any other known to distinguished dead to the city of Detroit. Amid the bush of bis awe history. stricken friends we laid him down. Illinois to Michigan delivered The one particular characteristic of the Dian was his strength. up the illustrious dead. Other men were more finished. We have many :finished men, L>ut Mr. Speaker, among the patriotic names of this country that of few really strong ones. He was a man whose every thought was Senator CHANDLER is written high up, where it may be read bv all strength, and with whom to think was to do. Strength of convic the ages. Yon cannot erase it without tearing from the records one tion, strength of purpose, strength of methods, strength of state of the most important chapters in the history of humanity. Glory ment-these were bis in a impreme degree. History will never lose to his memory l Peace to his ashes l the impress of his character. He bas been accused of a too zealous partisanship, but there is no Mr. GARFIELD. Mr. Chairman, it cannot be too late, howenr late warrant for this charge. True he was no "half-and-half;" there was the hour, to pay our tribute of respect and affection to the memory no duplicity, no dissimulation in his composition. If he believed at of ZA.CHARIAII CH.AJ)."'DLER. all, it was with his whole great heart; and with his intensity of con There is a thought in connection with his life and the history of his viction he may have been wont to regard success as a duty; but his State which has been referred to bytbe gentleman from New Jersey, enemies, if such he had, will not accuse him of unworthy and dis [Mr. ROBESON',] and which may be still further developed. It only honorable means. lacks two years of being a full century since Lewis Cass was born, His methods were bold, as they were vigorous. He struck hard, and he and ZA.CHARIA.H CHANDLER have filled seventy-three years of but he struck openly. Indeed his whole nature precludes suspicion. that period with active, prominent public service. And through all There were no dark or secret traits in bis character. He did every: those seventy-three years there has shone like a star in both their thing openly and above-board, and despised treachery, cant and lives the influence of one great event. hypocrisy as only he had the scorn to despise them. With all his In the stormy spring of 1861, when the foundations of the Repub tremendous earnestness, he was yet a chivalrous and generous antag lic trembled under the tread of assembling armies, I made a pilgrimage onist; generous as he was in all the relations of life. to the home of the venerable Lewis Cass, who had just laid down His character was of the kind to which generosity constitutionally his great uffice as chief of the State Department, and for an hour I belonged, for his faults were only those which belong to the warmest waa a reverent listener to bis words of wisdom. And in that con natures. versation he gave me the thought which I wish to record. He said, Altogether he was one of those men who make history, and stamp "You remember, young man, that the Constitution did not take effect their impress upon the age in which they live; a man w~ose fame is until nine States had ratified it. My native State was the ninth. It still destined to increase like that of every true statesman whose hung a long time in doubtful scale whether nine would agree; but work is grounded in conviction. when at last New Hampshire ratified the Constitution, it was a day History will rank him among the most eminent of those whose names of great rejoicing. My mother held me, a little boy of six years, in are inseparably associated with the cause of human rights. her arms at a window and pointed me to a great man on horseback Time has already vindica,ted his prescient radicalism, and posterity and to the bonfires that were blazing in the streets of Exeter, and will place him with the heralds who have gone before their fellows told me that the horseman was was General Washington and the to proclaim a better ~lay. people were celebratrng the adoption of the Constitution." " So," In the official career of Senator CHANDLER, from the beginning to said the aged statesman, "I saw the Constitution born, and I fear I the close of his public life, we have a realization of the poet's earnest may see it die." prayer when he sang: He then traced briefly the singular story of his life. He said: " I crossed the .Alleghany Mountains and settled in your State of Ohio God give us men ; a time like this demands Strong minds, ~eat hearts, true faith, and ready hands; one year before the beginning of this century. Fifty-four years auo Men whom the rnst of office does not kill; now I sat in the General Assembly of your State of Ohio. In 1807'1 Men whom the spoils of office cannot buy; received from Thomas Jefferson a commission as United States mar Men who have honor; men who will not lie; shal which I still preserve, and am probably the only man living Men who can stand before a demagogue Aud damn his treacherous flatteries without winking to-day who bears a commission from Jefferson's hand." And so, run Tall men, sun-crowned, who live above the fog ning over the great retrospect of his Life and saddened by bloody In public duty and in private thinking. prospect that 1861 brought to his mind, said, "I have loved the Union ever since the light of that bonfire and the sight of General Mr. BARBER. Mr. Speaker, it did not occur to me that I should Washington greeted my eyes. I have given fifty-five years of my life take part in these proceedings until the resolutions of the Senate and my best efforts to its preservation. I fear I am doomed to see it were read in this Hall this afternoon. I rise now from a sense of perish." duty. I should do injustice to my own feelings, and I am sure to the But a better fate awaited both him and the Union. Another son feelings of a very large number of the residents of the city I have of New Hampshire took up the truncheon of power from bis failing the honor to represent in part on this floor, should I remain silent on h:md, and, with the vigor of youth and liberty, maintained and de this occasion. I come not, however, with any elaborate eulogy. My fended the Union through the years of its supremest peril. ZA.CH acquaintance with Senn.tor CHANDLER was very brief. I saw him for A.RIA.H CHANDLER, whose birthplace was not more than thirty miles the first time in March last, at the extra session. My contact with distant from that of Lewis Cass, resumed the duty as Michigan's. him was but slight. I cannot, therefore, speak of him either from Senator with the vigor of young and hopeful manhood. And he long acquaintance or intimate relations. But it does so happen that pnshed forward that great work until his last hour and died in the the last great speech made by the Senator was· delivered in the con full glory of its achievement. The State of New Hampshire may gressional district which I have the honor to represent. On the even look upon this day and these names we celebrate as her pride and ing of the delivery of that speech I called upon him at the Grand special glory. Pacific Hotel in Chicago. I had a cordial greeting-a long and a The great Carlyle has said that the best gift God ever gave to man ple¥ant interview. As I recall his stalwart form, and bluff, heart.y was au eye that could really see; and that only a few men were recipi manner, I feel like exclaiming, ents of this gift. I venture to add that an equally rare and not less. Ancl shall I see his face a~ain, important gift is the coura~e to tell just what one sees. Besides hav And shall I bear him speaK 1 ing an eye, ZA.CHARIAH CHru.~DLER was endowed in an eminent degree I went with him to the ha.11, I sat upon the platform, I saw him with the courage to tell just what he saw. face as fine a political audience as was ever assembled together, and I If from these seats, Mr. Spea.kel", every Representative should speak heard him deliver one of the grandest speeches ever uttered upon this out the very inmost thought of the people he represents, this Hall continent. I shall not attempt to describe the enthusiasm of that would be luminous with the spirit and aspirations of the American. 1880. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 591 people. The ruling principle of Mr. CIIANDLER's life was this: that called the Jost. The State of Michigan was in no jusil sense unmind what he saw in public affairs he uttered; and havin~ said it, stood by ful of the great worth of Lewis Ca.cis, and would have delighted to it-not with malice or arrogance, but with the sturdiness of thorough continue him in the high position he had so justly attained, if events conviction. To a stranger be might, perhaps, appear rugged and had not conspired to render it impossible. With these events he had harsh-even to cruelty; yet his heart was full of gentleness when failed to keep himself fully abrea.cit. There are times when public he had satisfied his sense of duty. sentiment will not endure a political laggard. Lewis Cass, with all As a political force Mr. CHANDLER may be classed among the Cy his breadth of intellect, with the experience of a statesman and the clopean figures of history. The Norsemen would enrol him as one of amenities of the :finished scholar and gentleman, was not a positive the heroes in the halls of Valhalla. They would associate him with man, was not an original man. Times were on the threshold when Thor and his thunder hammer. The Romans would associate him both of these qualities were to be needed. He was a true man at with Vulcan and the forges of the Cyclops, who made the earth trem heart, loyal to his country, and so honest that, when at last he saw ble under the weight of his strokes. the fallacy of his position, he resigned his high place rather than What man have we known who, without specially cultivating the compromise his fealty to the Union. But he was too old to .fight, and graces of oratory, was able to condense into ten minutes a more en he was unable to devise a plan to still the waves of the rising revo during speech than the one which he delivered at the extra session of lution. I(e had to give way to a sentiment he had been slow to per 1879 Y Under the pressure of his intense mind an hour of ordinary ceive and utterly unable to comprehend. speech was condensed into a sentence. A.mong those who had been quick to perceive the logic of events He was not an orator in the ordinary sense of fine writing and waB the man whom we honor to-day. He was selected by the people graceful delivery; but in the clearness of his of their loyal blood. None have mourned his untimely death more to make manufacturers and vendors solely responsible for infringe than the heroes of that war, and when the news of his death was sent ments-to the Committee on Patents. to the ~nds of the ~lobe on the morning of the 1st day of November By Mr. GIBSON: The petition of Edward A. Yorke and others, of last, none bowed with a heartier sorrow over the memory .of the man New Orleans, Louisiana, for the amendment of the law relative to they revered than the men who had so faithfully in the field vindi the seizure and forfeiture of vessels for breach of the revenue Ia.ws cated the policy adv6cated by the illustrious Senator in the councils to the Committee of Ways and Means. Qf the nation. By l\Ir. GODSHALK: The petition of Ezekiel Herrmann, to be When the sad news reached me, I was on my journey home from refunded money paid by him for a substitute for his son, who, by Chicago. I had parted with him the midnight before. I was the reason of disability, was not liable to do military duty-to t he Com last man that saw Senator CHANDLER alive. I now and shall to my mittee of Claims. latest hour recall the room in the Grand Pacific Hotel in which we By Mr. HE};TJ)ERSON: The petition of John W. Murphy and others, had this last interview. The fire was burning low; the hotel was as citizens of Illinois, for the passage of a law to pay the soldiers of the silent as the grave in which he now lies; we were as much alone as late war the difference between the depreciated currency in which ii we sat by a solitary camp-fire in the pathless desert. ..A,.fter about they were paid and coin-to the Committee on Military Affairs. twenty minutes' conversation I left him alone with Death stealing By Mr. HILL: The petition of William Watt, W. N. Rumbaugh, over the threshold o.f his room. I did not see him there, but is it my and 75 gthers, citizens of Allen County, Ohio, for the passage of the imagination that recalls footfalls as I passed along the silent, dimly equalization bounty bill-to the same committee. lighted corridors to my own room 7 As the recollection comes to me, Br ?t!r. HAWK: The petition of William Bennett, for back pay it seems as though these echoes may have been the footfalls of the and bounty-to the same committee. grim destroyer who so closely follows the steps of mortal man. I By Mr. HULL: A bill making appropriation for deepening the . recollect now that there was a sense of something unsaid, what it was channel of Saint John's Bar, Florida-to the Com.mi ttee on Commerce. I cannot recall, that led me to stop and turn back as if to rap at his Also, a bill making appn>priation for deepening the channel of door and speak to him again; but knowing he wa-s weary I refrained, Volusia Bar, Florida-to the same committee. and went my lonely way. I can hardly wish now that I had followed Also, a bill making appropriation for deepening the entrance to the impulse, for it is unlikely that my presence would have changed Cumberland Sound, between the States of Georgia and Florida, known the purpo'se of that Providence that holds the issues of life and had as Fernandina Bar-to the same committee. then marked him for death; but who knows what parting word Also, a bill making appropriation for improving navigation on might have been said 7 Who knows but the impulse I had may have the Wekiva River, Florida-to the same committee. been only a response to one he himself had, and which had spoken Also, a bill making appropriation for straightening and otherwise to me as spirit talketh to spirit, calling for some word of sympathy, improving the channel of Saint John's River, Florida, from Volusia some kind remembrance Y But he is gone, and I shall never know Bar to Lake Munroe-to the same committee. whether he called or not till we again meet face to face. Till then Also, the petition of citizens of Florida, for an appropriation for I can only join with the multitude of mourners in lamenting the great deepening the entrance to Cumberland Sonnd between the States of loss we all sustained in the loss of a great man, and in laying this Georgia and Florida-to the slme committee. last token upon his grave. By l\Ir. MILES: The petition of citizens of Connecticut, for the I move the adoption of the resolutions. passage of the Weaver bill-to the Committee on Military Affairs. The question being taken on the resolutions, they were a,dopted By .Mr. MORSE: The petition ef Uriel Crocker, that duplicates of unanimously; and in obedience to the second resolution the Honse certain lost United States bonds may be issued to him-to the Com (at six o'clock and twelve minutes p. m.) adjourned. mittee of Ways and Means. By Mr. NEAL: The p~tition of E. J. Washburn and 75 other sol diers, for the equalization of bounties-,-to the Committee on Military PETITIONS, ETC. Affairs. The following memorials, petitions, and other papers were laid on By 1\Ir. O'NEILL: Memorial of the Philadelphia Board of Trade, the Clerk's desk, under the rnle, and referred as follows, viz: calling the attention of Congress to needed legislation concerning By Mr. BEALE: The petition of William B. Taliaferro, for the re the right of way in navigating the inland waters of the United moval of his political disabilities-to the Committee on the Judiciary. States-to the Committee on Commerce. By Mr. BOYD : The petition of Orrin L. Shipper, for a pension Also, resolutions of the Vessel Owners and Captains' Association to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. · of Philadelphia, opposing any change in the navigation laws-to the • By Mr. BREWER: The petition of T. B. Irish, of .Mason, Michigan, same committee. for the equalization of bounties-to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. OVERTON: The petition of John Carr and 14 other sol By Mr. CARLISLE : Memorial of citizens of Harrison County, Ken diers, of Wayne County, Pennsylvania, for the passaKe of the equal tucky, for the passage of a law to prevent unjust discriminations in ization bounty bill-to the Committee on Military Anairs. freight charges by railroad companies-to the Committee on Com By Afr. POEHLER: The petition of W. H. Whitney, for pay for merue. injuries sustained by him by reason of bis confinement during the ByMr.CARPElli"'TER: Thepetitionof citizens of PlymouthCounty, late war a.a a prisoner of war in the hold of the confederate cruiser Iowa, for the amendment of the patent laws so as to protect inno Alabama-to the Committee on the Judiciary. cent purchasers and users of patented articles-to the Committee on Also, the petition of Henry Huffman, for pay for certain work Patents. done by order of United States officials-to the Committee of Claims. By Mr. COWGILL: The petition of James B. Siusser and 181 By Mr. REA.GAN: The petition of Edward F. Parker, of Minne others, for the passage of the Weaver soldier bill-to the Committee sota, for an appropriation for the improvement of the harbor at Grand on Military Afoirs. Marias, on Lake Superior-to the Committee on Commerce. By Mr. LOWNDES H. DAVIS: A bill for the improvement of the By Mr. ROSS: The petition of citizell'S of New Jersey, that a pension Cnrrent Rive!", in the States of Arkansas and Missouri-to the Com- be granted Charles R. Vail-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. mittee on Commerce. . Also, the petition of masters and owners of vesselB engaged in the By Mr. DEERING: The petition of Walter Fleming and 54 others, coasting trade of the United States, that no owner, agent, or trustee citizens of Hardin County, Iowa, for such amendments to the patent of any ship or vessel duly enrolled and licensed and engaged in the laws as will furnish protection to innocent purchasers of patented coasting trade or fishery shall, by virtue of the laws of New York, articles-to the Committee on Patents. be compelled to take or pay a pilot not voluntarily employed on en Also, the petition of citizens of Bremer County, Iowa, for the pas tering or departing from the port of New York by way of the East sage of the equalization bounty bill-to the Committee on Militru:y River-to the Committee on Commerce. Affairs. ' By Mr. SIMONTON: The petition of citizens of Tennessee, for a By Mr. DEUSTER : The petition of Alex. Mitchell, M. Bodden, and post-route from Covington to Mason, Tennessee-to the Committee 78 others, citizens of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, against the construc on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. tion of a bridge over the Detroit River-to the Committee on Com By Mr.TALBOTT: The petition of Hon. Herman Stump, president merce. of the Maryland State senate, Hiram McCullough, spAaker of the house By Mr. DIBRELL: Two petitions from citizens of Rhea and Bledsoe of delegates of Maryland, and others, for an appropriation to d.1'0dge Counties and the Sequatchie Valley; Tennessee, for an immediate ap and deepen the channel of the Susquehanna River at the port of propriation for the improvement of the Tennessee River-to the same Havre de Grace, Maryland-to the Committee on Commerce. committee. By Mr. WILLIAM G. THOMPSON: The petition of William A. By Mr. DUNJ\TELL: The petition of W. H. Harris and 15 others, Martin and 20 other soldiers, for the equalization of pay of soldiers citizens of Minnesota, for _the passage of the equalization bounty to the Committee on Military Affairs. bill-to the Committee on Military .Affairs. By ?t!r. A.MOS TOWNSEND: Papers relating to the private land By Mr. FIELD: The petition of the Boston Marine Society, against claim of J. Clay Morgan and Francis Valle-to the Committee on the passage of any laws changing the present pilot-service system of Private Land Claims. Boston, Massa-chusetts-to the Committee on Commerce. By Mr. WILLIS: Paper. relating to the claim of John B. Davis, By Mr. GEDDES: The petition.of FrankJ. Bell,JamesRichie, and for pa.y for carrying United States mails-to the Committee on the other citizens of Richland County, Ohio, for laws regulating interstate Post·Office and Post-Roads. · commerce-to the same committee. By Mr. WILSON : The petition of M. M. Martin and others, citizens Also, the petition of Daniel Bell, Joha De1mis, and other citizens of of West Virginia, fortheimprovementof theLittleKanawhaRiver Richland County, Ohio, for the amendment of the patent laws so a.a to the Committee on C('mmerce. 1880. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 593 By Mr. WRIGHT: The petition of John F. Young and 77 others, tar, I ask that it be read and referred to the Committee on Education citizens of Scranton, Kansas, for the passage of the Wright supple and Labor. ment to the homestead act-to the Committee on Public Lands. The letter was read and referred to the Committee on Education By Mr. CASEY YOUNG: The petition of Sarah J. Goss, for arrears and Labor, as follows: of pension-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ORANGEBURGH, s. c., January 26, 1880. D EAR Sm: Permit me to call your attention to the omission in Sena.tor BRUCE'S bill of the two most advanced and prominent South Carolina institutions for the higher education of the colored rae&-the South Carolina. Agricultural College and Mechanics' Institute, and the Claflin University, both of Orangeburgh, Sontb Car. olina. For convenience, the two institutions at present unite in the work of instruction, IN SENATE. but they have distinct faculties, distinct property, and are under distinct boards of ku.stees. Claflin University has a faculty of five professors and instructors and six acres THURSDAY, January 29, 1880. of ground and a fine college building. The Sta.te Agricultural College has a faculty of four professors and one hundred Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. J. J. BULLOCK, D. D. and thirty acres of ground. The college buifding was destroyed by fire, and for The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. this reason we use tlie Claflin building and give them the benefit of our improved farm, and the wor.k of instruction is combined. In the two institutions, embracing EXECUTIVE. COMMUNICATIONS. a college of liberal art, a scientific and mechanical course, and a normal school, there are two hundred and sixty students. Please help us to share in the fund. The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a comm.nnication Truly yours, from the Secretary of War, transmitting letters from the Chief of S. DIBBLE, Engineers and Colonel John Newton, Corps of Engineers, relative to