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Franklin Park Washington DC.Pdf PB 206 650 F R AN K L.1 N PAR K , W A SH IN GT ON, D • C • George J.. _Olszewski National Pa.rk Service Wash1ngton,· D. C. March 1970 DISTRIBUTED BY: National Technical Information Service U. s~ DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 5285 Port Royal Road, Sp"ringfield Va. 22151 This document has been approved for pubDc release and sale. PB 206 650 FRANKLIN PARK · WASHINGTON, D.C. ~~nr,rndm.,•d hy NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SF.RVICE MARC·H 1970 Spri11qfiolct, Va '/1 ! ",1 . ' THtS:(DQ.CUMEN.T:':HK·s:,.eEB'.N>REIHftf:fDtJ·cs:f)·.,q:11((lM' THBioBE{S:T COP-¥',PUR·l~.J.lSHE::o:~us~fBYFTHB~Sp1o'•NsoR;fNG AGENC::Y. AI::.~T.lfOHGHt::iT.-''iSi:'RB·CtfG:tt1zit1l,!,t·1t~,T CER-. T A1I,Nf.,p ORT I0$JcS,!:A R'E ·Ef. C i;s.d ie·uB;r--- It·· (1_5 ·e E{l No·:;, RE - · LEAS·E-0 IN TH:EJ'1:N-~E-RES·T OF MAKING··AVAlLABLE .· A·S:~MUCH lN-FiORM~T-lO'N -AS' -POS"S~lB UE. I' 1. Report No. 3. Recipient's Acce ■ aion No. BIBLIOGRAPHIC D.ATA FNP-HH-72-99 SHEET 1 14, 1 atle and ::,uotatle . s. Report Date Approved: '· March 1970 FRANKLIN PARK, WASHINGTON, D. C. 6. 7. Author(II) 8. Performins__ 9fg_anization Rept. George J. Olszewski No.FNP-HH- 72-99 9. Performinl' Oraanization Name and Address 10. Project/Task/Work Unit No. L>ivlston of History .__,RSP - CNC.P-H-3 ._ Offi n~ of ArdH,olol(y 1111u Ill Mtodc PrMorv11t1 on _________ MO.I - l!Jth Street, N. W. 11, tunuact/Orant Nu, Washington, D. C. 20006 12. Sponsotin~ Organization Name and Addteu 13. Type of Report & Period U.S. Department of the Interior Covered National Park Service General History Washington, D. C. 20240 14. 15. Supplementary Note. 16, Abatracts This report is intended to be as complete as budgetary limitations and the availac:lity of official sources on the history of Franklin Park would permit. The study covers the legal origin, its administrative history, and the developmental stages of its landscaping. The study is specifically designed to demonstrate the value of this Park to the community and to illustrate its historical significance and value. It is hoped that this report will thereby serve as an aid in preserving the natural beauty of these park lands against the inroads of non-park projects. Franklin Park was first known as "Fountain Square." From 1819 it supplied the White House with pure spring wat~r; however, this practice was discontinued in 1898 after the poisoning scare of the Spanish-American War.· It was not until after the Civil. W~r that the land was extensively landscaped. It7then became a center for rest and relaxation until the end of the nineteenth century. The report includes a bibliography, park development charts, and fourteen illustrations. 17. Key· Wotd• and Document Analysis. 170. Descriptors * National Parks History Landscaping Memorials Public Lands Reviews 17b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms * Central National Capital Parks Washington, D. c. 17c. COSATI Field/Group 5 D 18. Availability.Statement Available from: 19 •. Security Class (This 21. No-:- of Pages Report) National Technical Information Service 1!11.Tf'T I,, C:C:TJ.TJ.n }If ~7 5285 Port Royal R9a9 .tu. Security Class (This 22. Price Springfield, Virg1n1a 22151 Page · PC$3.00/MF$.95 UNCLASSIFIED FOAM NTl•III "110-70) USCOMM·DC 40820-P7 I (!___. .. FRANKLIN PARK WASHINGTON, D.C . ., BEOIBE J. OLSZEWSKI ' OFFICE OF HISTORY· AND . HISTORIC ARCHIIECTURE EASTERN SERVICE CE_NTER MARCH 1970 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE FRANKLIN PARK WASHINq_TON, D.C. --- ,,c~-· - -- .. - , . ----~""-:~ :5<~-Z >-·-·.,,,..--- ,/ -----. -------:::::.::~.-.---·---- ... _ -<" ·-:- / - - . --.. _.,...-- ✓• ~-------·- --- " - . ,•_,· . ~ · MARCH 1970 PREFACE This historic survey of Franklin Park has been completed pursuant to Historical Resource Study Proposal, C.entral National Capital Parks, H-3 (RSP-CNCP-H-3). It is designed to..provide the staffs of the.National Capital Region and National Capital Parks Central with as complete a documented r.eport as is possible at the present time based on the financial limitations of the RSP and the availability of official documentary sources. The study ·covers the legal origin and administrat-ive history of Franklin Park, the developmental stages of its ~andscaping, and its value to the community. It is specifically designed to illus- trate the historfcal significance and value of this p~k site as an aid in preserving its natural beauty from the inroads of non-park projects. Franklin Park was first known as "Fountain Square" and supplied pure spring water to the White House from 1819 until the "poisoning" scare of the Spanish-Aaerican War of 1898. Its importance during that period was ranked almost second to that of Lafayette Park and as a consequence it was given greater oudgetacy.consideration than some other reservations. Yet, what landscaping was done to the eve of the Civil War was not enough to satisfy the local ~esidents. They claimed the government had swindled them for the~ had bought lots close to the square and erected handsome residences in ·the belief that it would become as important to Washington Society as i Lafayette Square and the surrounding residences of the elite of the early administrations. No documentation had been found that the area was named after the American patriot, Benjamin Fr_anklin. Franklin Square·obtained notoriety during the Civil War when the public hanging of a Union private was scheduled to take place there in 1862. .Public opinion, however, forced, the event to Iowa • ---- ·-· ·1 (now Logan) Circle. When Union troops encamped' in Franklin Park, the area became a vast center of wartime commercialism. It retained its aspect of a local park, however; for fine mansions were built to the north on K Street, between 12th and 13th Streets, and were known as Franklin Row. The undulating ground and lovely topography enhanced the landscaping of the park and it became a center of rest and relaxation to the ~nd of the nineteenth century~ The major portion of the narrative to 1925 is based on the . annual reports of the Chief·of Engineers; that for the period from 1925 to 1933 on annual reports of the Director of Public Buildings and Public Parks of the National Capital; and from 1933 to the present on correspondence files of the_National Capital Region, Mail: and Records Branch. Photographs are from the Information Branch of the Region and the National Park service. Others·are credited where appropriate. Some documents were selected from Record .Groups 24, 77, and 79 among others, at the National Archives • ~os~ph Sunde executed the art work. Personal ground surveys; inter- views, and knowledge of· the area as a former resident provided co­ ordinating material essential to the study. Sarah.Smith did an excellent typing job. G. J. O. ii CONTENTS Page PREFACE i LIST OF .ILLUSTRATIONS iv LIST OF PLATES V SECTION . I.. ADMINISTRATION OF FRANKLIN PARK 1 II.. HISTORICAL DATA 5 III. LANDSCAPING OF FRANKLIN PARK, 1851- ·9 1933 IV. MEMORIAL TO COMMODORE JOHN' BARRY 21 V. LANDSCAPING BY NATIONAL CAPITAL 29 PARKS, 1933-1967 VI. FRANKLIN PARK AND THE COMMUNITY 43 ILLUSTRATIONS (Follow p. 28) APPENDIX 51 BIBLIOGRAPHY 52 iii LIST OF ILWS'l'RATIONS 1 •. Canaodore John B&JT7 (17b.S-1803) Memorial Statue in Franklin Park frontispiece · · 2. Location plat of Franklin Park in relation to the Whit. House· ... 3. Handacne golden privet offers restful surroundings, August lS, 1932 in 4. Children at play sand baa,;:F;~~;klin:t Park, c. 1934. S. free Surgeons at work, c. 193$ : 6. Condit~n of walks and lawn prior to rehabilitation, April 16, 1936 . · 7. Walks after rehabilitation under WP.A Project 641, 1936 8. The new pool, October 4, •1936 9. New ·flaga~ne walks 'and pool, 19)6·- 1; . 10. Lovely growth of azaleas and datfodils, ··April 1938 · ll. Children enjoying the Franklin Park pool on a hot dq, J~ 8, 1938 12. A1.rviev ot the Franklin Park neighborhood, looking west, August 26, 1948 13. Panormnic view ot Franklin Park looking southeast to U. s. Capitol, June 10, 19S3 Ui. Quiet ccmnunity use ot Franklin Park, April 20, i963 l" iv LIST OF PLATF.S I. Plan of Ft-a~:U,n Par,k td-_n~1.f)'d.ng, ~~a. a~4 a~: II.. Plar of ·cmntft't. statiqn,. 1W .f.r,oject.. 64lt. O~t.o~ .li.5,· 1934 III. Pl(r ot t~grapv, 1931: IV• Gr.acU.,w plan, JuJ.Y; 23., 1934, V• New general~ pl.M, ·~~· 2, 1934 VI·. Si4ev,.U:, layout,~ witb: s~y nq~, :A~t 16,- l~~ VII• Grading PlM: ap~o""- ·Oc.~e>ber 4, 193$.· vm. Conatr,ictiQndetl,.11; or·~. i,a9J,. October 4, 19)~ IX. Inventory- ot. Fral)kli·n Park, 1924·, r•via~ 1936. I. Plantiiw; reba,bilj.t4\t1on. p~,. ~•pt.ember 4, 191'6., II. Lightring;- p~, Nov.J~r 19,,.1968. .I I ·ADMINISTRATION OF FRANKLIN PARK Organization.--The' administration of Franklin Park as part of the system of public buildings and public grounds of the National . -· -·- Capital dates back to 1791. A brief resume' of its legal evolution ' ' . is essential.to an understanding of any discussion of the develop- . ment of the area. ,Congress empowered the President by the Act of July 16, 1790, to ap_p~t,nt .three Commissioners to lay out a district or territory fp;;.~he permanent· seat of_ the Gov~rnment of the United states·. 1 It direc~ed the Commissioners to·provide suitable buildin9s.for the President, the Congress, and for public offices for the government. ·The area laid out ~nder thi_s authority .was termed the Territory of Columbia;_-the·Federal City was named the City of Washington.
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