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©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd 311 Behind the Scenes SEND US YOUR FEEDBACK We love to hear from travellers – your comments keep us on our toes and help make our books better. Our well-travelled team reads every word on what you loved or loathed about this book. Although we cannot reply individually to postal submissions, we always guarantee that your feedback goes straight to the appropriate authors, in time for the next edition. Each person who sends us information is thanked in the next edition – the most useful submissions are rewarded with a selection of digital PDF chapters. Visit lonelyplanet.com/contact to submit your updates and suggestions or to ask for help. Our award-winning website also features inspirational travel stories, news and discussions. Note: We may edit, reproduce and incorporate your comments in Lonely Planet products such as guidebooks, websites and digital products, so let us know if you don’t want your comments reproduced or your name acknowledged. For a copy of our privacy policy visit lonelyplanet.com/ privacy. Babayev, Tahmina Jafarova, Ilqar Ağayev, Nick OUR READERS Thomson, Shayl Majithia, Chris Jackson, Shani Many thanks to the travellers who used the and Dave Bakstrom, Anna and Ollof, Andreas, last edition and wrote to us with helpful Artur, Stephen and so many others. At Lonely hints, useful advice and interesting anec- Planet many thanks to a fine team including dotes: Kristin Odijk, Helen Elfer, Valentina Kremen- A Alan Graham, Aliyev Kanan, Amy Singer, chutskaya and stalwart fellow writers John, Antal Szabolcs, Astrid van Wintershoven B Virginia and Tom. Barney Smith, Bernd Zimmermann, Birgit Karle, Brigitte Schumann C Claas Morlang D Tom Masters Daniel Scovenna, David Devine E Edo Berger Thanks to Susanna Petrosyan for her & Nina Willemse, Edward Eve, Elisabetta invaluable help before, during and after my Bonino F Florian Timmermann, Francesco trip. Thanks also to Saro Sarosyan, Virginia Cisternino J Jacqueline Appleby, Janet Croft, Maxwell and Helen Elfer for their advice and Jillana Krause, Jiri Preclik K Katie Crysdale, assistance. Kato Hansen, Kent Kuran L Lidwien Verweij Virginia Maxwell M Matthew Ruszala, Michael Garrood, Michele Beraldo N Nancy Metashvili, Nickos Yoldassis Greatest thanks go to my travelling compan- P Peter Francev S Sain Alizada, Seda Mel- ions, Peter and Max Handsaker, my destination kumyan, Svetlana Kasaeva T Thomas Mayer, editor, Helen Elfer, and my co-authors John Thomas Sarosy, Tom Wyss W Wieland Ulrichs Noble, Alex Jones and Tom Masters. Thanks X Xavier Alcober Y Yuri Victorovich Z Zuzana also to Arpine Yesayan, Lusine Melqonyan, Orsagova Artush Davtyan and Armine Kalashyan. John Noble WRITER THANKS Thanks to so many in Georgia but especially, Dustin Gilbreath, Hans Gutbrod, William Alex Jones Dunbar, Giorgi Gardava, Geostat (National Çox Sağol to Kate Hunt, Ian Peart and family, Statistics Office of Georgia), Gulnasi Miqe- Cavid Qara, Afgan Mehdikhanov, Rustam ladze and Nazim and Sofia Ghoghoberidze, Rustamov, Mevlud, Zahid and Khaled Azizov, Giorgi Giorgadze, Ira Hartmann, Tiniko Ididze, Francesco Ricapito, Sabina Qazimova, Vamiq Regina Jegorova-Askerova, Dodo Kevlishvili, 312 Darejan Khetaguri and Vakho, Robert Kodric, Dmitry Lemeshev, Cally and Rohan ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Lienert, David Luashvili, all the Rukhadzes, Climate map data adapted from Peel MC, Roza Shukvani and Vitia Chartolani, Saša Finlayson BL & McMahon TA (2007) ‘Up- and Simona, Irakli Paniashvili and Giorgi dated World Map of the Köppen-Geiger Demetrashvili, and not least my super- Climate Classification’, Hydrology and Earth talented, always-helpful co-authors Alex, BEHIND THE SCENES System Sciences, 11, 1633–44. Virginia and Tom. Cover photograph: Mt Ushba in the Svaneti region, Georgia. Yevgen Timashov / Alamy © Noble and Danielle Systermans. Book Designer Mazzy THIS BOOK Prinsep This 5th edition of Lonely Destination Editor Helen Assisting Editor Bruce Evans Planet’s Georgia, Armenia and Elfer Cover Researcher Naomi Azerbaijan was researched Product Editors Elizabeth Parker and written by Alex Jones, Jones, Amanda Williamson Gemma Graham, Tom Masters, Virginia Maxwell Thanks to Coordinating Editor James Hardy, Victoria and John Noble, with William Kristin Odijk Harrison, Andi Jones, Kate Dunbar a contributing writer. Mathews, Catherine Naghten, The previous two editions were Senior Cartographer Valentina Kremenchutskaya Karyn Noble, Kirsten written by Michael Kohn, John Rawlings, Angela Tinson, Laura Wellicome ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd 313 Index ABBREVIATIONS amusement parks Armenia 28, 126-96 around Tbilisi (G) 57-63, 57 Ar – Armenia Mtatsminda Park (G) 43 accommodation 126, 193-4 around Yerevan (Ar) Az – Azerbaijan Qabaland (Az) 237 activities 194 149-53, 150 G – Georgia Ananuri (G) 88, 18 architecture 287-8 art 19 NK – Nagorno-Karabakh animals 285-6 around Yerevan 149-53, 150 art galleries, see museums archaeological sites arts 137, 190-1 & galleries Armaztsikhe-Bagineti budgeting 128 Art-Gene Festival (G) 22, 45 A (G) 58-9 business hours 194 arts Abkhazia (G) 70-5 Erebuni Historical & climate 126 Armenia 190-1 Abşeron Peninsula (Az) Archaeological Azerbaijan 258-9 224-6, consulates 195 225 Museum-Reserve Georgia 118-20 accommodation 290, see customs regulations 194-5 (Ar) 139 Ashtarak (Ar) 153 also individual countries drinks 191-3 Fazıl Labarynth (Az) 242 Astara (Az) 255 Armenian language 306 economics 186-7, 276 Medieval Market Square Azerbaijan 28, 197-264 Azeri language 307 (Az) 202 embassies 195 accommodation 197, Georgian language 308 emergencies 128 shoe, world’s oldest 176 261-2 Russian language 304 exchange rates 128 Tigranakert (NK) 272 activities 262 activities 20-4, 123, 194, food 126, 152, 191-3 Uplistsikhe (G) 61-2 architecture 288 262, see also individual Vani (G) 69 highlights 127, 127 activities, locations around Baku 224-7, 225 architectural sites history 187-90 Adjara (G) 75-82 arts 258-9 Abanotubani (G) 37 internet resources 128 adventure sports Baku (Bakı) 9, 16 200-24, Baku Eye (Az) 209 language 194, 128, 187, Kazbegi (Stepantsminda) 202, 204-5, 208, 2, 9 Bottle House (Az) 248 305-6 (G) 90-1 budgeting 200 Çirax Qala (Az) 229 maps 195 Tbilisi (G) 45 business hours 262 City Hall (Gəncə) (Az) 248 media 195 air travel 296-7, 299 central Azerbaijan 247-50 Crescent Moon Building money 128, 195 airlines 296-7 climate 197 (Az) 207 northern Armenia 153-74, airports 15, 296 consulates 262-3 Crystal Hall (Az) 209 154-5 Batumi International customs regulations 262 Diljan Historic Centre politics 186-7, 276 Airport (G) 81 drinks 259-61 (Ar) 167 postal services 195 David the Builder Kutaisi economics 255-6, 277 Dom Soviet (Az) 207 public holidays 195 International Airport embassies 262-3 Flagmast (Az) 208 relations with Turkey 187 (G) 66 emergencies 200 Flame Towers (Az) 211, 2 safe travel 195 Gəncə Airport (Az) 296 exchange rates 200 Gəncə Darvazası (Az) 249 smoking 196 Heydar Әliyev food 197, 259-61 International Airport Heydar Әliyev Cultural southern Armenia (Az) 221 Centre (Az) 9, 211, 9 174-86, 174 highlights 198-9, 198-9 Tbilisi International Lighthouse Tower (Az) 251 telephone services 196 history 256-8 Airport (G) 296 Maiden’s Tower (Az) 201 tourist information 196 internet resources 200, 218 Zvartnots Airport (Ar) 147 Old Gabala (Az) 238 travel seasons 126 language 200, 201, 201, Akhaltsikhe (G) 113-14 Parliament Building (G) 65 travel to/from 15 263, 306-7 Akhtala (Ar) 165-6 Public Service Hall (G) 43 travel within 15 money 200, 263 Alaverdi (Ar) 164 Sighnaghi walls (G) 105 visas 128, 196 Naxçivan 255 Stalin’s Prison (Az) 250 Yerevan 12, 128-48, 130-1, northern Azerbaijan 134-5, 13 Xəzər Stadium (Az) 251 227-34, 228 Armenian genocide 138-9, architecture 16, 18, 287-8 northwestern Azerbaijan Map Pages 000 187, 188 area codes 15 234-47, 228 Photo Pages 000 around Baku (Az) 224-7, 225 Areni (Ar) 175-6 politics 255-6, 277 314 Azerbaijan continued bus travel 300 Xan Sarayı (Az) 239 Surp Astvatsatsin public holidays 263 business hours Zaqatala Fortress (Az) Church (Ar) 175 southern Azerbaijan Armenia 194 244 Surp Grigor Lusavorich 250-5, 251 Azerbaijan 262 cave cities Cathedral (Ar) 138 telephone services 263 Georgia 123 Uplistsikhe (G) 61-3 Svetitskhoveli Cathedral (G) 57-8 tourist information 263 Byurakan & around (Ar) Vardzia (G) 114-15 INDEX Tsminda Sameba travel seasons 197 154-5 cave monasteries, see Cathedral (G) 42 travel to/from 15 also monasteries Tsminda Sameba Church travel within 15 Davit Gareja (G) 11, C (G) 12, 92, 12 A- 106-8, 11 visas 200, 263-4 cable cars 16 Vankasar Church (NK) D Udabno Monastery (G) Batumi (G) 77 106-7 272 B Borjomi (G) 110 Vanis Qvabebi Monastery Zvartnots Cathedral Baku (Bakı) (Az) 9, 16 Qәbәlә (Az) 237 (G) 114 (Ar) 151 200-24, 202, 204-5, Tatev (Ar) 185 caves cinema 276 208, 2, 9 Tbilisi (G) 39 Azokh Cave (NK) 271-2 Armenia 190-1 accommodation 212-14 canyons Hartashen (Ar) 184 Azerbaijan 258 activities 212 Intsra Ravine (G) 71 Khndzoresk (Ar) 184 Georgia 119-20 around Baku 224-7, 225 Martvili (G) 71 Novy Afon (G) 74 citadels, see castles, fortresses & palaces drinking & nightlife Okatse (G) 69 Old Goris (Ar) 183 climate 14, 20-4, 291, , 217-18 Car (Az) 244 Prometheus Cave (G) 68 14 entertainment 218-19 see also individual car travel 298, 300-1 Sataplia Nature Reserve regions festivals & events 212 (G) 68 caravanserai 11, 11 Armenia 126 food 214-17 Tegh (Ar) 184 Şəki (Az) 239 Azerbaijan 197 history 200-1 Cek (Az) 233 Selim Pass (Ar) 180 Georgia 30 metro 223, 223 cell phones 14, 293-4, see carpet factories Nagorno-Karabakh
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    Grove Art Online Armenia, Republic of [Hayasdan; Hayq; anc. Pers. Armina] Lucy Der Manuelian, Armen Zarian, Vrej Nersessian, Nonna S. Stepanyan, Murray L. Eiland and Dickran Kouymjian https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T004089 Published online: 2003 updated bibliography, 26 May 2010 Country in the southern part of the Transcaucasian region; its capital is Erevan. Present-day Armenia is bounded by Georgia to the north, Iran to the south-east, Azerbaijan to the east and Turkey to the west. From 1920 to 1991 Armenia was a Soviet Socialist Republic within the USSR, but historically its land encompassed a much greater area including parts of all present-day bordering countries (see fig.). At its greatest extent it occupied the plateau covering most of what is now central and eastern Turkey (c. 300,000 sq. km) bounded on the north by the Pontic Range and on the south by the Taurus and Kurdistan mountains. During the 11th century another Armenian state was formed to the west of Historic Armenia on the Cilician plain in south-east Asia Minor, bounded by the Taurus Mountains on the west and the Amanus (Nur) Mountains on the east. Its strategic location between East and West made Historic or Greater Armenia an important country to control, and for centuries it was a battlefield in the struggle for power between surrounding empires. Periods of domination and division have alternated with centuries of independence, during which the country was divided into one or more kingdoms. Page 1 of 47 PRINTED FROM Oxford Art Online. © Oxford University Press, 2019.
  • Investment Guide Republic of Artsakh – Country Overview

    Investment Guide Republic of Artsakh – Country Overview

    Artsakh Investment Guide Republic of Artsakh – Country overview General information Area: 4 457 sq. miles (11 500 sq. km) Population: 148 100 people Life expectancy: 74,2 years Official language: Armenian Capital: Stepanakert Communities Regions Literacy: 100% 251 (363 villages) 7 regions Currency (code): Dram (AMD) Totally 263 Totally 8 Borders with: Armenia, Iran, Azerbaijan 13 (+ Stepanakert) Stepanakert Energy system: 100% renewable energy Main indicators of social and economic situation GDP, billion AMD Per capita, mil AMD Specific economic results, billion AMD 2013 2014 2015 2015 209,3 2015 1,4 44,3 52,0 53,5 2014 188,8 2014 1,2 2013 168,6 2013 1,1 55,2 57,3 64,3 0 100 200 300 0 0,5 1 1,5 45,2 49,7 50,1 Import / Export, mil USD Trade turnover, billion AMD 252,5 2015 62,1 113,5 116,3 116,3 Investments in real assets, billion AMD 302,0 2014 64,7 56,2 59,5 68,0 Consumer price index, % 268,8 2013 59,6 105,9 104,5 100,2 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Labour market overview Education Labour market Economically active population, thou people Number of employed people, thou / year 64 63,6 62,5 62,2 63,4 5 Universities 63,5 62 63 61,5 61 62,5 61 62 61,6 60,5 60,1 61,5 60 4 758 students 61 59,5 60,5 59 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 Registered unemployment, thou people Average monthly wages, thou AMD 3 2,6 155 151,1 2,5 150 145 141,2 2 5 Colleges 1,5 140 1,5 1,2 135 128,6 1 130 125 0,5 120 0 115 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 1 648 students The official unemployment rate in 2015 = 1,9% (4% in 2013) Investment data The dynamics of investments