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Title:J2014E-1-1.ec9 Page:1 Date: 2014/12/12 Fri 16:29:26 1 Overview of Mobile Satellite Communication Experiments using the ETS-VIII Overview of the Mobile Satellite Communication Experiments using the Engineering Test Satellite VIII Shinichi TAIRA, Masaki SATOH, Teruaki ORIKASA, and Shin-ichi YAMAMOTO The mobile satellite communications experiments using the Engineering Test Satellite VIII, which was launched in December 2006, have been conducted during about six years. The performance evaluation tests for onboard equipments, earth stations and mobile satellite communication systems carried out, and application experiments were also conducted. In this paper, the overview of the mobile satellite communications experiments as well as onboard equipments and earth stations are described. 1 Introduction 2 Outline of satellite mounted equipment for communication experiments[1] The Engineering Test Satellite VIII (ETS-VIII, nickname: KIKU No.8) was launched by H-IIA rocket on Communication signals pass through the ETS-VIII in December 18, 2006. This is a 3-ton class large geostationary each of the communication experiments. Therefore, this satellite. One of the objectives of the development of this section covers only the outline of equipment for satellite is the verification of the next generation mobile communication experiments mounted on ETS-VIII. satellite communication system in space. Initial perform- Further, the outline of each earth station used in the ance confirmation tests which lasted for about three experiment will be included in the description of each months were carried out after launching. Following this, in communication experiment shown in Section 3. the “Stationary Stage”, “Basic Satellite Communication Components constituting the communication mission Experiments” consisted primarily of performance confirma- equipment in the ETS-VIII to be used for mobile satellite tion tests of satellite mounted equipment in orbit and communication experiments are feeder link equipment, mobile satellite communication system experiments onboard switches, transponder, large deployable antenna conducted by satellite development organization (National feeder and large deployable antenna reflector. Table 1 Institute of Information and Communications Technology shows principal particulars of the communication mission (NICT), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), and and Figure 1 shows composition of the communication Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT)), mission equipment. Onboard switches are divided into and “Satellite Application Experiments” conducted by packet switch (PKT) with packet switching capability and various institutions authorized by public offering by the onboard processor (OBP) with circuit-switched capability. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications were The transponder which performs frequency conversion for carried out for about 3 years. After the stationary stage was mobile link using S-band frequency consists of up- completed, “Second Stage” started where application converters (S-TX1, 2, 3) and down-converters (S-X1, 2, 3) experiments and periodical satellite performance confirma- tion tests were performed, and in December 2012, mobile Table 1 Major specifications of ETS-VIII satellite communication experiments by NICT were Orbit: Geostationary orbit, 146 degrees East completed. This paper covers the outline of satellite Frequency: S-band ( 2.6 / 2.5 GHz ) for mobile link mounted equipment used in the experiments, earth station Ka-band ( 30 / 20 GHz ) for feeder link Antenna: 13 m mesh deployable reflectors for mobile link and of mobile satellite communication experiments 0.8 m offset parabola for feeder link performed by the end of 2012. Tx power: 400 W for S-band 8 W for Ka-band Onboard switch: Circuit switch for personal communications Packet switch for mobile communications 1 Title:J2014E-1-1.ec9 Page:2 Date: 2014/12/04 Thu 17:17:13 1 Overview of Mobile Satellite Communication Experiments using the ETS-VIII Large Deployable Antenna Onboard Switches Transponder Feeder Link Equipment Feeder Reflector TX - H MSA H Y TX - TX- H S-TX1 B Y SSPA I FSW9 Y I F BFN1 B FIL B SW7 RF SW2 H TX- Y SSPA FL-LNA-A H B FIL FL-DNC1 S-TX2 Y H I F SW10 B FL-INS Y H B Y I F FL-DNC2 B SW8 FL-LNA-B H TX - H TX- Y SSPA S-TX3 Y BFN2 FIL 112 2 112 3 2 B B PK IN PS OUT OK IN OS OUT I F SW4 P K T ( O B P ) RX - PK OUT PS IN OK OUT OS IN MSA 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 2 I F H H RX- SW3 S-RX3 Y RX - Y LNA FL-TWTA-B B B FIL FL-UPC2 BFN1 H I F H Y SW2 H RX- FL-OUTS Y B Y LNA B I F SW5 H B FIL S-RX2 RF Y FL-TWTA-A FL-UPC1 SW4 B H I F I F SW6 Y SW1 H RX - H RF Y LNA RX- B S-RX1 SW3 Y BFN2 FIL B B Fig. 1 Block diagram of ETS-VIII for handling as much as 3-beams, and 10 intermediate amplifier of the satellite is a travelling wave tube amplifier frequency (IF) change-over switches (IF SW1 ~ 10). (TWTA) with 8 W output. Meanwhile, the base earth Switches are changed-over by the transponder depending station for feeder link is provided in Kashima Space on the packet switch and onboard processor used, and Technology Center. Further, for backup of mobile link, switching to bent pipe mode in which frequency radio-frequency (RF) system of high-accuracy time conversion is solely performed for the same experiment reference (HAC) (transmission and receiving antennas, and applied communication experiment is possible. high power amplifier and low-noise amplifier) is To the ETS-VIII is mounted a large deployable antenna configured to be used and connection is possible by having 13 m class electrical diameter size and phased array switching No.2 and No.4 RF switches (RF SW 2, 4) of the method is used for antenna feeder. The feeder unit consists transponder. of two types of beam forming networks (BFN), each [2] 31 units of solid-state high power amplifier (SSPA), low- 3 Mobile communication experiments noise amplifier (LNA) and transmission and receiving antenna elements. A total of about 400 W high power is As for mobile satellite communication experiments, realized by 8 sets of class 20 W SSPA and 23 sets of class “Basic communication experiments” by the satellite 10 W SSPA. A cup microstrip antenna (cup MSA) is used development organization NICT, JAXA and NTT and for the antenna elements to attain a light-weight and high- “Satellite Application Experiments” by each of institutions rigidity structure to realize a lower bonding amount authorized by public offering by Ministry of Internal between continuous elements. As for the BFN device, two Affairs and Communications were conducted in types of uniform pointing control (BFN1) and independent “Stationary Stage” for about 3 years. Basic communication pointing controls (BFN2) are mounted, while development experiments consist primarily of performance confirmation of the device is carried out by NICT and NTT, respectively. test of satellite mounted equipment in orbit and mobile With uniform pointing control BFN, common terms of communication system experiment which, after comple- excitation amplitude and phase necessary for formation of tion of the stationary stage, proceeded to “Second Stage” plural number of beams are controlled collectively and where application experiments and periodical satellite directional error caused by heat generated by the onboard performance confirmation tests are performed. In equipment and by electrical factors could be corrected with December 2012, mobile satellite communication experi- ease. With independent pointing control BFN, each beam ments by NICT were completed. The following description could be controlled freely from the earth station by deals with the outline of each of experimental items. controlling the directional pattern of each beam and deployment to the adaptive antenna system and the like is 3.1 Satellite mounted equipment evaluation test expected. Ka-band is used for feeder link for a. Large deployable antenna characteristics evaluation communication with the base earth station and high power experiments[3][4] 2 Journal of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Vol. 61 No. 1 (2014) Title:J2014E-1-1.ec9 Page:3 Date: 2014/12/04 Thu 17:17:14 1 Overview of Mobile Satellite Communication Experiments using the ETS-VIII In the mobile satellite link using S-band for mobile Bit error rate characteristics, synchronous acquisi- satellite communication experiments, five beam patterns tion characteristics and others which are basic (Tohoku, Kanto, Tokai, Shikoku, and Kyushu beam) are characteristics of the digital transmission device are made available as default antenna pattern. In the acquired. Characteristics of the modulator and experiment, maximum three beams could be used demodulator used for regenerative repeating are simultaneously. Since the antenna is a phased-array acquired in uplink and downlink of the satellite, antenna, arbitrary beams could be configured by changing respectively to check performances of the modulator the amplitude and phase value of BFN. and demodulator. Basic characteristics are also a-1 Measurement of antenna pattern acquired in through repeater mode for comparison of In the pattern measurement which is one of the performances with the case where the onboard switch basic characteristics of the antenna, attitude scanning is passed through. of the satellite and received power at multiple points on b-2 Switching characteristics evaluation the ground are measured at the same time to acquire A signal including control information is output two-dimensional patterns. In the measurement of from the earth station and it is checked if satellite transmission pattern, a signal is output by the satellite mounted switch performs switching operation in mounted switch and this radio wave is received on the accordance with the control information. In addition, ground. time needed for switching control that is a basic a-2 Evaluation of antenna beam directivity variation parameter of switching function is measured.
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