Chinese Maps Between Observation and Text
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So, What Is Actually the Distance from the Equator to the Pole? – Overview of the Meridian Distance Approximations
the International Journal Volume 7 on Marine Navigation Number 2 http://www.transnav.eu and Safety of Sea Transportation June 2013 DOI: 10.12716/1001.07.02.14 So, What is Actually the Distance from the Equator to the Pole? – Overview of the Meridian Distance Approximations A. Weintrit Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland ABSTRACT: In the paper the author presents overview of the meridian distance approximations. He would like to find the answer for the question what is actually the distance from the equator to the pole ‐ the polar distance. In spite of appearances this is not such a simple question. The problem of determining the polar distance is a great opportunity to demonstrate the multitude of possible solutions in common use. At the beginning of the paper the author discusses some approximations and a few exact expressions (infinite sums) to calculate perimeter and quadrant of an ellipse, he presents convenient measurement units of the distance on the surface of the Earth, existing methods for the solution of the great circle and great elliptic sailing, and in the end he analyses and compares geodetic formulas for the meridian arc length. 1 INTRODUCTION navigational receivers and navigational systems (ECDIS and ECS [Weintrit, 2009]) suggest the Unfortunately, from the early days of the necessity of a thorough examination, modification, development of the basic navigational software built verification and unification of the issue of sailing into satellite navigational receivers and later into calculations for navigational systems and receivers. electronic chart systems, it has been noted that for the The problem of determining the distance from the sake of simplicity and a number of other, often equator to the pole is a great opportunity to incomprehensible reasons, this navigational software demonstrate the multitude of possible solutions in is often based on the simple methods of limited common use. -
The Textiles of the Han Dynasty & Their Relationship with Society
The Textiles of the Han Dynasty & Their Relationship with Society Heather Langford Theses submitted for the degree of Master of Arts Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Centre of Asian Studies University of Adelaide May 2009 ii Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the research requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Centre of Asian Studies School of Humanities and Social Sciences Adelaide University 2009 iii Table of Contents 1. Introduction.........................................................................................1 1.1. Literature Review..............................................................................13 1.2. Chapter summary ..............................................................................17 1.3. Conclusion ........................................................................................19 2. Background .......................................................................................20 2.1. Pre Han History.................................................................................20 2.2. Qin Dynasty ......................................................................................24 2.3. The Han Dynasty...............................................................................25 2.3.1. Trade with the West............................................................................. 30 2.4. Conclusion ........................................................................................32 3. Textiles and Technology....................................................................33 -
Reading Excavated Laozi: the Lens of Western Scholarship*
Cultural and Religious Studies, February 2020, Vol. 8, No. 2, 102-108 doi: 10.17265/2328-2177/2020.02.003 D D AV I D PUBLISHING Reading Excavated Laozi: The Lens of Western Scholarship* Ka-lai Chan Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China There has been an increasing interest in the Chinese excavated documents of western scholars. With different version of excavated Laozi, it attracts the attention of researchers. This paper examines the study of unearthed Laozi by western scholars by using Mawangtui and Guodia Laozi,attempts to give readers a basic picture of unearthed Laozi study in western academia.Since there is no way that I can hope to introduce all western studies of unearthed Laozi, this paper will restrict the presentation to just the following topic: Mawangtui Laozi, Guodian Laozi, “Tai Yi Sheng Shui”, “Wu Xing”, and Methodology. Keywords: Laozi, Excavated Laozi, Chinese Unearthed Documents Introduction The purpose of this article is to give a relatively comprehensive survey of western Sinologists’ studies of Laozi (老子) from the pre-Qin through Han periods. This idea comes from an article written by Martin Kern and he raises a question that deserves attention (Kern, 2019). He points out monolingualism and monoculturalism are the fundamental limitations of the current ancient Chinese studies in Mainland China. Too many Chinese scholars cannot master any foreign languages. Even if a translation works has been published, Chinese scholars have so far paid very little attention to them. Of course, many translation works also have mistranslations. I believe the problems he mentioned are common in Mainland China nowadays. -
The Evolution of Mathematics in Ancient China: from the Newly Discovered Shu and Suan Shu Shu Bamboo Texts to the Nine Chapters
The Evolution of Mathematics in Ancient China: From the Newly Discovered Shu and Suan shu shu Bamboo Texts to the Nine Chapters on the Art of Mathematics*,† by Joseph W. Dauben‡ The history of ancient Chinese mathematics and texts currently being conserved and studied at its applications has been greatly stimulated in Tsinghua University and Peking University in Beijing, the past few decades by remarkable archaeological the Yuelu Academy in Changsha, and the Hubei discoveries of texts from the pre-Qin and later Museum in Wuhan, it is possible to shed new light periods that for the first time make it possible to on the history of early mathematical thought and its study in detail mathematical material from the time applications in ancient China. Also discussed here are at which it was written. By examining the recent developments of new techniques and justifications Warring States, Qin, and Han bamboo mathematical given for the problems that were a significant part of the growing mathematical corpus, and which * © 2014 Joseph W. Dauben. Used with permission. eventually culminated in the comprehensive Nine † This article is based on a lecture presented in September of 2012 at the Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies at Har- Chapters on the Art of Mathematics. vard University, which was based on a lecture first given at National Taiwan Tsinghua University (Hsinchu, Taiwan) in the Spring of 2012. I am grateful to Thomas Lee of National Chiaotung University of Taiwan where I spent the academic Contents year 2012 as Visiting Research Professor at Chiaota’s Insti- tute for Humanities and Social Sciences, which provided sup- 1 Recent Archaeological Excavations: The Shu port for much of the research reported here, and to Shuchun and Suan shu shu ................ -
Cataloguing Chinese Art in the Middle and Late Imperial Eras
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations Spring 2010 Tradition and Transformation: Cataloguing Chinese Art in the Middle and Late Imperial Eras YEN-WEN CHENG University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian Art and Architecture Commons, Asian History Commons, and the Cultural History Commons Recommended Citation CHENG, YEN-WEN, "Tradition and Transformation: Cataloguing Chinese Art in the Middle and Late Imperial Eras" (2010). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 98. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/98 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/98 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tradition and Transformation: Cataloguing Chinese Art in the Middle and Late Imperial Eras Abstract After obtaining sovereignty, a new emperor of China often gathers the imperial collections of previous dynasties and uses them as evidence of the legitimacy of the new regime. Some emperors go further, commissioning the compilation projects of bibliographies of books and catalogues of artistic works in their imperial collections not only as inventories but also for proclaiming their imperial power. The imperial collections of art symbolize political and cultural predominance, present contemporary attitudes toward art and connoisseurship, and reflect emperors’ personal taste for art. The attempt of this research project is to explore the practice of art cataloguing during two of the most important reign periods in imperial China: Emperor Huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty (r. 1101-1125) and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (r. 1736-1795). Through examining the format and content of the selected painting, calligraphy, and bronze catalogues compiled by both emperors, features of each catalogue reveal the development of cataloguing imperial artistic collections. -
EALC Newsletter 2017-2018
East Asian Languages & Civilizations News and Updates From Academic Year 2017 - 2018 From the Chair Friends and Colleagues: In This Issue We are so happy to be sending the inaugural newsletter of the Department of East Asian Language and Civilizations. As the more than 3 Faculty Profiles seventy faculty and alumni who were at the EALC lunch during the annual meeting of the Association of Asian Studies in Washington, D.C., now know, 10 Faculty Bookshelf we are a very different department from the one many of you remember. 12 Associated Faculty In 2002, eight faculty members boldly and ambitiously became Penn’s first Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations. We are a small 15 Student Prizes department with a huge vision: we seek to offer undergraduates the stongest, most diverse, and most rigorous education available in the East Asian 16 Chinese Language Program Humanities in North America; we seek to train Ph. D. students who become 18 Japanese Language Program the intellectual leaders in the East Asian Humanities in future generations; and we have crafted a vibrant masters program in which students with career 20 Korean Language Program ambitions from entry into Ph. D. programs to employment in the public or private sector, government service, and education are poised to accomplish 22 Van Pelt Library those goals. 24 Graduate Student Highlights Striving to prepare students for careers that span this century, we have reconfigured ourselves in four streams: China, Korea, Japan, and Inner 26 Body and Cosmos Asia. Every major and every graduate students trains in at least two of these areas, undergraduates and MA students through course requirements and Ph. -
From Lacaille to Gill and the Start of the Arc of the 30 Meridian
From LaCaille to Gill and the start of the Arc of the 30th Meridian Jim R. SMITH, United Kingdom Key words: LaCaille. Maclear. Gill. Meridian Arcs. 30th Arc. SUMMARY If one looks at a map of European arcs of meridian and parallel at the beginning of the 20th century there will be seen to be a plethora them. Turning to Africa there was the complete opposite. Other than the arcs of Eratosthenes (c 300 BC) and the short arcs by LaCaille (1752) and Maclear (1841-48) the continent was empty. It was in 1879 that David Gill had the idea for a Cape to Cairo meridian arc but 1954 before it was completed. This presentation summaries the work of LaCaille and Maclear and then concentrates on a description of the 30th Meridian Arc in East Africa. The only other comparable arcs at the time were that through the centre of India by Lambton and Everest observed between 1800 and 1843; the Struve arc of 1816 to 1852 and the various arcs in France during the 18th century. The usefulness of such arcs was highlighted in 2005 with the inscription by UNESCO of the Struve Geodetic Arc on the World Heritage Monument list. A practical extension to the Struve Arc Monument is the 30th Meridian Arc since there is a connection between the two. At an ICA Symposium in Cape Town, 2003, Lindsay Braun gave a presentation that detailed the political machinations of the history of the 30th Arc; here it is hoped to fill in other aspects of this work including some facts and figures since that is what surveyors thrive upon. -
Hawai'i Reader In
Traditional Chinese Culture Edited by Victor H. Mair Nancy S. Steinhardt and Paul R. Goldin University of Hawai'i Press Honolulu 34 | Cao Pi, "A Discourse on Literature" CAO PI (187-226) was the second son of the formidable military dictator Cao Cao (155-220), whose story is told in Romance of the Three Kingdoms fSanguoyanyi'), and the elder brother of the poet Cao Zhi (192-232). He ended the puppet rule of the last Eastern Han emperor and founded the Wei dynasty in 220; thus he is also known as Emperor Wen of the Wei. Like his father and brother, Cao Pi was an accomplished writer and poet. His "Discourse on Literature" (Lun wen) survives from a critical work entided A Treatise on the Classics (Dianlun), of which only some frag- ments are extant. One of the most notable things about this essay is Cao Pi's use of the notion of qi, breath or vital force, as a concept of literary criticism that has had an immense influence on classical Chinese literary thought. "A Discourse on Literature" is itself a beautiful literary composition. It is particularly touch- ing because we see in it a writer who was secretly anxious and insecure about the value of his work and the uncertain possibility of immortal fame. A great deal of the first part of the essay is devoted to the reasoning that one's literary talent is an inherent quality that cannot be learned or obtained by hard efforts (li qiang); in the second part of the essay, he claims that a person may achieve literary immortality by exerting himself (qiang li). -
Inscriptional Records of the Western Zhou
INSCRIPTIONAL RECORDS OF THE WESTERN ZHOU Robert Eno Fall 2012 Note to Readers The translations in these pages cannot be considered scholarly. They were originally prepared in early 1988, under stringent time pressures, specifically for teaching use that term. Although I modified them sporadically between that time and 2012, my final year of teaching, their purpose as course materials, used in a week-long classroom exercise for undergraduate students in an early China history survey, did not warrant the type of robust academic apparatus that a scholarly edition would have required. Since no broad anthology of translations of bronze inscriptions was generally available, I have, since the late 1990s, made updated versions of this resource available online for use by teachers and students generally. As freely available materials, they may still be of use. However, as specialists have been aware all along, there are many imperfections in these translations, and I want to make sure that readers are aware that there is now a scholarly alternative, published last month: A Source Book of Ancient Chinese Bronze Inscriptions, edited by Constance Cook and Paul Goldin (Berkeley: Society for the Study of Early China, 2016). The “Source Book” includes translations of over one hundred inscriptions, prepared by ten contributors. I have chosen not to revise the materials here in light of this new resource, even in the case of a few items in the “Source Book” that were contributed by me, because a piecemeal revision seemed unhelpful, and I am now too distant from research on Western Zhou bronzes to undertake a more extensive one. -
REVIEW ESSAY Situating the History of Medicine Within Chinese History
REVIEW ESSAY Situating the History of Medicine within Chinese History Marta Hanson, John Hopkins University Andrew Schonebaum. Novel Medicine: Healing, Literature, and Popular Knowledge in Early Modern China. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2016. 296 pp. $50 (cloth); $30 (paper). Hilary A. Smith. Forgotten Disease: Illnesses Transformed in Chinese Medicine. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2017. 248 pp. $85 (cloth); $25 (paper/e-book). The past ten years have seen the publication of more than seventy English-language monographs, edited books, translations, dictionaries, and even a three-volume catalogue, related to the history of medicine in China. Such substantive, varied, and often ground-breaking scholarship is finally starting to do justice to the complexity of the subject and the richness of the sources vis-à-vis the better known, and thus more widely taught, history of European and Anglo-American medicine from antiquity to the modern world. Collectively bringing the field of the history of medicine in China to a new level of synthesis, these works not only demonstrate how integral the history of medicine and public health is to Chinese history but also should help facilitate the integration of East Asian medical history into more broadly conceived global histories of medicine and public health. This major boon in publications on the medical history of China over the past decade also reveals the wide-ranging methods and diverse approaches scholars have chosen to frame, and thereby exert heuristic control over, what arguably has become newly visible as the contours of a vast, complex, and essential subject of not just Chinese but human history. -
Origins of Chinese Political Philosophy: Studies in the Composition and Thought of the Shangshu (Classic of Documents)
饒宗頤國學院院刊 第五期 417 2018 年 5 月 頁 417– 445 Origins of Chinese Political Philosophy: Studies in the Composition and Thought of the Shangshu (Classic of Documents). Edited by Martin KERN and Dirk MEYER. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2017. Pp. vi+508. Edward L. SHAUGHNESSY East Asian Languages and Civilizations, The University of Chicago The publication of a major English-language book on the Shang shu 尚書 (Elevated documents) or Shu jing 書經 (Classic of documents), the second of the Chinese classics, should surely count as a major milestone in the Western study of early China. As the editors note in their Introduction, the Shang shu has inspired all aspects of Chinese political philosophy for over two thousand years now. Yet, as they also say, “In some kind of reverse—and bizarre— Book Reviews correlation, the Shangshu is as important to the Chinese political tradition as it is neglected in Western scholarship” (p. 2). Their claim just above this that “major Western works on the Shangshu can be counted on two hands, with fingers to spare” is only a bit exaggerated.1 In this volume we now have fourteen studies in just over 500 pages, that directly address at least fourteen different chapters of the Shang shu, not to mention two chapters of the 1 True, I count only eight or nine such studies listed in the various bibliographies attached at the end of each chapter, but they do not even include mention of such classic studies as Paul Pelliot, “Le Chou King en caractères anciens et le Chang Chou che wen,” Mémoires concernant l’Asie Orientale 2 (1916): 123–77, or Benjamin Elman, “Philosophy (I-Li) versus Philology (K’ao-cheng): The Jen-hsin tao-hsin Debate,” T’oung Pao 2nd ser. -
A Dynamic Schedule Based on Integrated Time Performance Prediction
2009 First International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE 2009) Nanjing, China 26 – 28 December 2009 Pages 1-906 IEEE Catalog Number: CFP0976H-PRT ISBN: 978-1-4244-4909-5 1/6 TABLE OF CONTENTS TRACK 01: HIGH-PERFORMANCE AND PARALLEL COMPUTING A DYNAMIC SCHEDULE BASED ON INTEGRATED TIME PERFORMANCE PREDICTION ......................................................1 Wei Zhou, Jing He, Shaolin Liu, Xien Wang A FORMAL METHOD OF VOLUNTEER COMPUTING .........................................................................................................................5 Yu Wang, Zhijian Wang, Fanfan Zhou A GRID ENVIRONMENT BASED SATELLITE IMAGES PROCESSING.............................................................................................9 X. Zhang, S. Chen, J. Fan, X. Wei A LANGUAGE OF NEUTRAL MODELING COMMAND FOR SYNCHRONIZED COLLABORATIVE DESIGN AMONG HETEROGENEOUS CAD SYSTEMS ........................................................................................................................12 Wanfeng Dou, Xiaodong Song, Xiaoyong Zhang A LOW-ENERGY SET-ASSOCIATIVE I-CACHE DESIGN WITH LAST ACCESSED WAY BASED REPLACEMENT AND PREDICTING ACCESS POLICY.......................................................................................................................16 Zhengxing Li, Quansheng Yang A MEASUREMENT MODEL OF REUSABILITY FOR EVALUATING COMPONENT...................................................................20 Shuoben Bi, Xueshi Dong, Shengjun Xue A M-RSVP RESOURCE SCHEDULING MECHANISM IN PPVOD