AMERICA and the MEDITERRANEAN Proceedings of the Sixteenth Biennial International Conference Genova, November 8-11, 2001
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AISNA Associazione Italiana di Studi Nord-Americani AMERICA AND THE MEDITERRANEAN Proceedings of the Sixteenth Biennial International Conference Genova, November 8-11, 2001 Edited by M. Bacigalupo and P. Castagneto otto editore nova americana AISNA Associazione Italiana di Studi Nord-Americani Proceedings of the Sixteenth Biennial International Conference Genova, November 8-11, 2001 AMERICA AND THE MEDITERRANEAN Edited by Massimo Bacigalupo and Pierangelo Castagneto Massimo Bacigalupo, Pierangelo Castagneto America and the Mediterranean Collana Nova Americana Questo volume è edito con il contributo di FONDAZIONE CASSA DI RISPARMIO DI GENOVA E IMPERIA In copertina: Flavio Costantini, Navi italiane nel porto di New York, 1989 Prima edizione gennaio 2003 ©2003, OTTO editore – Torino [email protected] http://www.otto.to.it ISBN 88-87503-56-7 È vietata la riproduzione, anche parziale, con qualsiasi mezzo effettuato, compresa la fotocopia, anche ad uso interno o didattico, non autorizzata. CONTENTS FOREWORD p. 1 LECTURES ROSELLA MAMOLI ZORZI, Genoa Gate of the Mediterranean: Nineteenth Century American Writers and Genoa p. 3 RONALD STEEL, America’s Mediterranean Coast p. 19 CHRISTOPH IRMSCHER, Mediterranean Metamorphoses:“Enrico Longfello’s” Contribution to Multilingual American Literature p. 23 FRED MORAMARCO, “Imagine All That History”: American Views of the Mediterranean and Its People p. 43 ROBERT HAHN, Versions of the Mediterranean in American Poetry p. 57 WORKSHOP ONE. American Poetry and the Mediterranean Heritage p. 65 GIANFRANCA BALESTRA, “The glory that was Greece, and the grandeur that was Rome”: Towards the Holy-Land of Poetry in Edgar Allan Poe p. 67 GREGORY DOWLING, “Rainbow o’er the Wreck”: The Two Sides of Melville’s Clarel p. 75 ANTONELLA FRANCINI, “The pale hems of the masters’ gowns”: Mediterranean Voices and Shadows in the Poetry of Charles Wright p. 85 NICOLA GARDINI, “I was myself”: Lowell and Virgil p. 93 PAOLA LORETO, “Light on the Wharves of Charlotte Amalie/Light on the Sparkling Straits of Sicily”: Derek Walcott’s Aesthetic of (Irresistible) Light in Tiepolo’s Hound p. 103 PAOLA A. NARDI, Marianne Moore and Egypt p. 111 GIUSEPPE NORI, The Problem of the Priest: The Confrontation with Mediterranean Art and Culture in Emerson’s Poetry p. 119 E. MARTIN PEDERSEN, The Hellenic League Plays in the New World: Baseball Poetry Considered p. 127 WORKSHOP TWO. The Mediterranean in Italian American Literature and Culture p. 137 SUZANNE BRANCIFORTE, Voyage to the Center of Mother Earth: On Italian American Identity p. 139 SIMONE CINOTTO, The Taste of Place: Food in the Narratives of “America” and “Italy” by Italian Immigrants of New York, 1920-1940 p. 145 DANIELA DANIELE, Mediterranean Clippings of Art and Desire: Mary Caponegro’s Five Doubts p. 157 MARTINO MARAZZI, L’umbarco: Il silenzio del Mediterraneo negli scritti d’emigrazione p. 165 ELISABETTA MARINO, The Mediterranean: Memory and Tradition in Two Italian American Writers p. 173 FEDERICO SINISCALCO, Video-Interviews: Italian American Study Abroad Students in Florence p. 179 JOHN PAUL RUSSO, Technology and the Mediterranean in DeLillo’s Underworld p. 187 WORKSHOP THREE. Mediterranean Religiosity in the United States: Migrating Religions and their Encounters with Other Religions and Cultures p. 199 MATTEO SANFILIPPO, L’attenzione della Santa Sede all’emigrazione italiana negli Stati Uniti p. 201 ELISABETTA VEZZOSI, “Cultural ethnic brokers”: Le Maestre Pie Filippini negli Stati Uniti p. 215 MARIA SUSANNA GARRONI, “Immigrant women religious: a splintered ethnic and spiritual identity” ovvero Le Pallottine: le molteplici identità di una istituzione religiosa femminile p. 227 CRISTINA MATTIELLO, Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco p. 237 STEPHEN PERRIN, “I Got Every Sacrament Behind Me”: Jim Carroll and the Inescapable History of American Catholicism p. 247 LEONARDO BUONOMO, The Indiscreet Charm of Popery: Catholicism in Nineteenth-Century American Writing p. 259 ELLEN GINZBURG MIGLIORINO, Italian Jews in the United States in the Early 1940s: Impressions and Lifestyle Changes p. 267 WORKSHOP FOUR. The Vision of the Mediterranean in Contemporary U.S. Fiction: From the Cradle to the Zone p. 277 UMBERTO ROSSI, South of the Zone: Guerra, Economia e Reaganomics in Catch-22 di Joseph Heller p. 279 GIUSEPPE COSTIGLIOLA, Mediterranean Histories in Thomas Pynchon’s V. p. 287 PAOLO PREZZAVENTO, William Burroughs in Tangier p. 293 ROBERTA FORNARI, William S. Burroughs’ The Western Lands p. 301 LAURA SALVINI, Naked Lunch: The Movie p. 309 LUCA BRIASCO, Alien Nation: Cyprus as the Last Zone in Bruce Sterling’s “One Nation, Invisible” and Zeitgeist p. 315 WORKSHOP FIVE. American Writers and the Mediterranean: A Comparison of Viewpoints p. 323 SARAH WOOD, An Alien’s Act of Sedition: Structural Coherence and North African Attachments in Tyler’s The Algerine Captive p. 325 BARBARA NUGNES, Paradise Regained: Washington Irving’s Mythological Spain p. 333 SIRPA SALENIUS, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Impressions of Florence p. 343 SHIRLEY FOSTER, Nineteenth-Century American Views of Naples p. 351 DANIELA F. V IRDIS, Wallace Stevens’ “Reply to Papini” p. 361 MARINA COSLOVI, Pynchon in “Baedeker Land” p. 369 WORKSHOP SIX. Genoa and the United States in the Nineteenthth and Twentieth Century p. 379 PIERANGELO CASTAGNETO, “…onde consolidare sempre più i legami che devono unire le due Repubbliche”: The Origins of the Diplomatic Relations between the United States of America and the Republic of Genoa p. 381 SUSANNA DELFINO, Peace and Commerce with Every Nation: Thomas Jefferson and the Development of American Commercial Policy in the Mediterranean during the Nineteenth Century p. 397 WORKSHOP SEVEN. “Sensitive as Any Woman”: Nineteenth-Century American Women and Mediterranean Masculinities p. 405 PATRICIA THOMPSON RIZZO, Emily Dickinson: Feminine Masculinity in Mediterranean Garb p. 413 ANNA SCACCHI, “Born beneath a Tropic Sun”: Shades of Brown and Masculinity in Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Agnes of Sorrento p. 423 TATIANA PETROVICH NJEGOSH, Circuits of desire: Henry James’s Italian Men as Examples of Sensuous Manliness p. 435 PAULA RABINOWITZ, Meeting on the Corner: Mediterranean Men and Urban American Women p. 445 WORKSHOP EIGHT. The Mediterranean Education of American Artists p. 453 MARIA VITTORIA D’AMICO, “Wisdom and Ecstasy”: Paul Bowles in the Maghrib p. 455 SALVATORE MARANO, “Reflections in Windows”: The Colors of Amy Lowell’s Can Grande’s Castle p. 465 KURT ALBERT MAYER, “Much as I sympathise with the Italians and wish them success”: Henry Adams’ First Sojourns in Italy, 1859-60 p. 475 WORKSHOP NINE. Mediterranean Mediations: Transatlantic Imaginary and Gender Identity p. 491 LIANA BORGHI, Crittografie spaziali di Grace Greenwood, Marion Harland, Marietta Holley, Maud Elliott p. 493 ALGERINA NERI, Royall Tyler’s The Algerine Captive and the Sympathetic Woman Reader p. 501 CRISTINA SCATAMACCHIA, From the Grand Tour to the Tour du Monde: Nellie Bly and the Metamorphosis of Women’s Travels at the End of the Nineteenth Century p. 507 ALESSANDRA LORINI, Ruth Benedict e l’identità di genere tra apollineo e dionisiaco p. 515 WORKSHOP TEN. The Sea and Revolution: The Mediterranean, the Early Republican Age, and U.S. Culture p. 523 SALVATORE PROIETTI, Sailing Across the Color Line: On Royall Tyler’s The Algerine Captive p. 525 RICHARD SAMUELSON, John Quincy Adams’ Lost History of the Russo-Turkish War: Greek Independence and the Sacred Cause of Liberty p. 533 CINZIA SCHIAVINI, From the Edges of Revolution to the Shores of Modernity: Melville and the Mediterranean p. 541 MARCO SIOLI, Liberty and Nature: Joel Barlow’s Mission to Algiers p. 551 IGINA TATTONI, “There Was No Room for Hesitation”: The Revolution of Time in Charles Brockden Brown’s Arthur Mervyn p. 559 WORKSHOP ELEVEN. U.S. Middle Eastern Policy in the Twentieth Century: Aspects and Problems p. 567 ANTONIO DONNO, U.S. Middle East Policy in the First Half of the Twentieth Century p. 569 DANIELE DE LUCA, Strategic Values and Military Policy in the U.S. Intervention in the Middle East (1946-1967) p. 575 PAOLA OLIMPO, Sharing Responsibility: Congress-Executive Relationship in the Making of American Middle Eastern Policy, 1945-1968 p. 581 VALENTINA VANTAGGIO, Oil and American Foreign Policy in the Middle East 1928-1956 p. 591 MARIO DEL PERO, Containing Containment: American Pressures and Italian Responses during the Early Cold War p. 599 WORKSHOP TWELVE. “Wars They Have Seen”: Americans in Mediterranean Conflicts p. 611 LUIGI BRUTI LIBERATI, The Stars and Stripes e la campagna d’Italia dalla Sicilia a Roma 1943-1944 p. 613 GABRIELLA FERRUGGIA, “That’ll make a letter home”: Dos Passos, One Man’s Initiation, and World War I p. 625 AUGUSTA MOLINARI, Una guerra vista da lontano. Storie di prigionieri di guerra Italiani negli Stati Uniti 1943-1946 p. 635 MASSIMO RUBBOLI, “Friendly service to suffering people”: American and British Friends’ Relief Work in Italy 1943-45 p. 645 AFTERWORD MASSIMO BACIGALUPO, Pavane for a Defunct Hotel p. 655 AUTHOR INDEX p. 659 FOREWORD The relation between the Mediterranean and America has been momentous over five centuries of historical and cultural upheavals and developments. Spain, France and Italy were prime movers in the exploration and settling of America, and later contributed massively to the continent’s population. Culturally, the classic world of Greece and Rome influenced both social thinking and the arts, while the Mediterranean Middle-East contributed an Orientalist strain and, indirectly, the prominent Jewish-American world. The American South has looked to France for its models (Faulkner, Chopin, Williams), while California and the South- West as portrayed by Cather and others are an idealized Spain. In the other direction, American politicians, thinkers and artists have explored the Mediterranean world, seeking inspiration and examples of art and life with which to enrich and correct American values. See for example Hawthorne, James, Hemingway, and more recent authors like Mary McCarthy, Paul Bowles, Robert Lowell and James Merrill. In the twentieth century, America fought two wars in the Mediterranean, and the area is among the most important for American policy since the early Republic.