DOCSLIB.ORG

Geology and Beryl Deposits of the Peerless Pegmatite Pennington County South Dakota

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geology and Beryl Deposits of the Peerless Pegmatite Pennington County South Dakota Geology and Beryl Deposits of the Peerless Pegmatite Pennington County South Dakota GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 297-A This report concerns work done partly on behalj of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission and is published with the permission of the , » Commission Geology and Beryl Deposits of the Peerless Pegmatite Pennington County South Dakota By DOUGLAS M. SHERllDAN, HAL G. STEPHENS, MORTIMER H. STAATZ and JAMES J. NORTON PEGMATITES AND OTHER PRECAMBRIAN ROCKS IN THE SOUTHERN BLACK HILLS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 297-A This report concerns work done partly on behalf of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission and is published with the permission of the Commission UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1957 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRED A. SEATON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price $1.50 (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Page Abstract.__________________________________________ 1 Geology Continued Introduction _______________________________________ 1 Peerless pegmatite Continued Location_____________________________________ 1 Chemical composition......____________ 17 History and production________________________ 2 Origin________ ____________________ _. 18 Past and present investigations.__________________ 3 Mineral deposits_____________________________ 21 Acknowledgments__________________________ 4 Mica__ _________ _________________________ 21 Mine workings _____________________________________ 4 Lithia mica.______________________________ 21 Geology ___________________________________________ 4 Beryl_ __________________________________ 21 Metamorphic rocks.____________________________ 4 Potash feldspar..._________________________ 22 Quartz-plagioclase-muscovite pegmatite, undiffer- Sada feldspar____________________________ 23 entiated _____________________________________ 5 Amblygonite-montebrasite ______-____.-_--_. 23 Peerless pegmatite ______________________________ 5 Other minerals-_______________________ 24 Size, shape, and structure__________________ 5 Reserves__ __________________________________ 24 Internal units______________________________ 6 Literature cited______________________________ 24 Variation in mica composition._______________ 17 Logs of TJ. S. Bureau of Mines diamond-drill holes- 25 Faults___________________________________ 17 Index. ___________-_-______-_______--__-_----. 45 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates 4-7 in pocket] PLATE 1. Wall rock, Peerless pegmatite. A, Quartz-mica schist containing staurolite partially changed to muscovite, chlorite (ripidolite), quartz, and biotite. B, Schist in which staurolite has been completely replaced by muscovite, quartz, and biotite. C and D, Tourmalinized schist. E, Pseudomorph of a staurolite crystal______Facing 4 2. Peerless pegmatite. A, The main axis of Peerless pegmatite. B, Layers in the wall aone___________.Facing 5 3. Wall zone, Peerless pegmatite. A, Layers in the wall zone. B, Beryl in the wall zone_______________Facing 12 4. Geologic map, Peerless pegmatite. 5. Geologic map of underground workings, Peerless pegmatite. 6. Geologic sections, Peerless pegmatite. 7. Correlation charts of the Peerless pegmatite. FIGURE 1. Index map showing location of Peerless pegmatite____________________________________-_________--_______ 2. Geologic maps, Peerless pegmatite____________________________________________________________________ TABLES TABLE 1. Production of mica, potash feldspar, soda feldspar, beryl, amblygonite-montebrasite, tantalite-columbite, and cassiterite, Peerless pegmatite, 1907-September 1950_________-------_--_--__________________________ 3 2. Production of punch and sheet mica, Peerless pegmatite, 1943-47__________--_____----_-__________________ 3 3. Approximate mode of internal structural units, Peerless pegmatite._________________---_-__-_--------------- 7 4. Sequence of layers in the border and wall zones, northeastern part of main open pit, Peerless pegmatite._________ 8 5. Mineralogy of quartz-muscovite-plagioclase pegmatite (zone 1, border zone)_-_____________-_----_----------- 8 6. Mineralogy of albite-quartz-muscovite pegmatite (zone 2, wall zone)-________-______---_---_---_-- ________ 9 7. Mineralogy of cleavelandite-quartz-muscovite pegmatite (zone 3, first intermediate zone)____________.---__--_- 12 8. Mineralogy of perthite-cleavelandite-quartz pegmatite (zone 4, second intermediate zone)__________-_---_--__- 13 9. Mineralogy of cleavelandite-quartz pegmatite (zone 5, third intermediate zone)______________________________ 13 10. Spectrographic analyses of mica____________________________________________________-_----___-_----_-_- 16 11. Estimated mineral content of the Peerless pegmatite---_-__-_-__--_-------------------------------------- 17 12. Composition of minerals used in computing chemical composition of the Peerless pegmatite.__________________ 18 13. Estimated chemical composition of the Peerless pegmatite_-_____-_-____--___.._---_----_------------------ 18 14. Distribution of the principal chemical constituents______________________-____-__-_______--_----_--------- 18 15. Sequence of layers in border and wall zones-_________________________--__--____-----_------------------- 19 16. Measurements of beryl in seven exposures of zone 2, albite-quartz-muscovite pegmatite (wall zone) ______________ 22 17. Measurements of beryl in five exposures of zone 3, cleavelandite-quartz-muscovite pegmatite (first intermediate zone)______--__-__-____--_-______________-_____-___-__----_--___------_ -___----___- --_---- 22 18. Mineralogy of beryl--_______-________-_________________________-_-__-_-_____--_-__-__---------------- 23 in PEGMATITES AND OTHER PRECAMBRIAN ROCKS IN THE SOUTHERN BLACK HILLS GEOLOGY AND BERYL DEPOSITS OF THE PEERLESS PEGMATITE, PENNINGTON COUNTY, SOUTH DAKOTA By DOUGLAS M. SHEKIDAN, HAL G. STEPHENS, MOETIMEE H. STAATZ, and JAMES J, NORTON ABSTRACT The chemical composition of the pegmatite has been deter­ The Peerless pegmatite, half a mile south of Keystone, Pen- mined by estimating the mineral constituents of the internal nington County, S. Dak., has been a major source of scrap mica units and by calculating the tonnage of these units by use of and beryl. Feldspar, amblygonite-montebrasite, tantalite-co- successive geologic sections. The principal constituents are: lumbite, and cassiterite also have been recovered. Si02 (77.0 percent), A1203 (13.7 percent), Na^O (5.0 percent), The pegmatite intrudes Precambrian quartz-mica schist. and K20 (1. 7 percent). Much of the schist contains staurolite and chlorite. Staurolite Chemical composition has also been determined for four sub­ has been, in part, altered to mica, quartz, and chlorite, especially divisions of the pegmatite: zones 1 aad 2; zones 3 and 4; zone 5; near pegmatite contacts. The pegmatite is generally discordant and zones 6 and 7 and the replacement units. The content of with the schist, but in many places a secondary schistosity has Si02 increases, and the content of Al20g decreases inward from been formed parallel to the contact. Tourmaline and muscovite, the outer part of the pegmatite. NaaO forms only 0.4 percent presumably introduced by pegmatitic solutions, are character­ of the inner subdivision, but 4.7 to 6.5 percent of the other sub­ istic of the wall rock near discordant contacts. divisions. K20 forms 4.0 percent of zones 3 and 4, but only At the surface the pegmatite has a tadpole shape, and is 580 0.7 to 1.3 percent-of the other subdivisions. feet long and 360 feet wide. In cross section the pegmatite has The structural, textural, and mineralogic data confirm pre­ an anticlinal shape that indicates control of the intrusion by viously published evidence from other Black Hills pegmatites fractures bearing N. 30° W. and dipping 45° NE. and SW. that indicates crystallization of a magmalike fluid from the wall Dikelike apophyses extending from the main pegmatite have inward. Repetition of layers in zones 1 and 2 indicates changes several attitudes. in composition of the fluid at the crystallizing faee. These The Peerless is a complex pegmatite consisting of 7 zones, 2 changes may have been caused by addition of new material from replacement units, and 2 types of fracture fillings. The zones below, by loss of material to the wall rocks, or by failure of con­ are as follows: 1, quartz-muscovite-plagioclase pegmatite (border vection to maintain equilibrium throughout the fluid in the zone); 2, albite-quartz-muscovite pegmatite (wall zone); 3, pegmatite chamber. Zones 3 to 7 are hi the normal sequence of cleavelandite-quartz-muscovite pegmatite (first intermediate zoned pegmatites that indicates crystallization from a restricted zone); 4, perthite-cleavelandite-quartz pegmatite (second inter­ or nearly closed system. The lithia mica-cleavelaftdite-quartz mediate zone); 5, cleavelandite-quartz pegmatite (third inter­ replacement unit, which extends outward from the core, shows mediate zone); 6a and 6b, quartz-microcline pegmatite and that in the very late stages of crystallization a pneumajolytic or quartz pegmatite (fourth intermediate zone); and 7, lithia mica- hydrothermal fluid escaped outward and replaced previously cleavelandite pegmatite (core). The other units are: lithia inica- crystallized pegmatite. cleavelandite-quartz replacement unit; muscovite-cleavelandite Zone 3, the principal mmable unit, contains 1.7 percent beryl replacement unit; quartz fracture fillings; and tourmaline- and 28
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Magnetite and Hematite Intheiron Ores of the Kiruna Type and Some Other Iron Ore Types
    SERIE C NR 625 AVHANDLINGAR OCH UPPSATSER ARSBOK 6 1 NR 10 RUDYARD FRIETSCH THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAGNETITE AND HEMATITE INTHEIRON ORES OF THE KIRUNA TYPE AND SOME OTHER IRON ORE TYPES STOCKHOLM 1967 SVERIGES GEOLOGISKA UNDERSOKNING SERIE C NR 625 ARSBOK 61 NR 10 RUDYARD FKIETSCH THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAGNETITE AND HEMATITE IN THE IRON ORES OF THE KIRUNA TYPE AND SOME OTHER IRON ORE TYPES STOCKHOLM 1967 Manuscript received May 8th, 1967 Editor: Per H. Lundegårdh Stockholm 1967 Kungl. Boktryckeriet P. A. Norstedt & Söner CONTENTS Abstracc ................................. Introdiiction ................................ The relationship between magnetite and hernatite in kon ores of the Kiruna type ... Northern Sweden ............................ Central Sweden ............................ Chile .................................. Mexico ................................. United States ............................. The formation of'hematite in iron ores of the Kiruna type ............ Examples of the occurrence of hematite in connection with metasomalic processes ... The relationship between magnetite and hematite in ~henon-apatitic irvri ores of Central Sweden .................................. Conclusions ................................ Acknowledgements ............................. References ................................. 7 1.670383 . SGU. Frietsch ABSTRACT I11 the magmatic iron ores of thc Kiruna type the primary iron oxide is inostly magnetite. Hematite is rather common and except when clue to superficial weathering is a later metasomatic alteration of the magnetite. The alteration in the wall-rock (and to a less exteiit in the orc) has given rise to new minerals, e. g. quarte, muscovite, chlorite, calcite, clay minerals and small amounts of tourmaline, fluoritc, barite, allanite and zircoii. It is a later phase of the main ore- forming process. The tcmpcraturc at which the alteration took place is, on account of the niiner- al paragenesis in the altered wall-rock, believed to have been moderate tc.
    [Show full text]
  • Mount Apatite Park, Auburn, Maine
    Mount Apatite Park is a 325-acre wooded park located in the western portion of the city. The park offers a wide variety of recreational opportunities not often found in municipal park settings. Rock hounds have known about this area for over 150 years, when the first discoveries of gem-quality tourmaline were found there. Since then, the area has experienced a great deal of mineral exploration, both commercial and amateur. Today amateurs may still search the mine tailings for apatite, tourmaline, and quartz specimens (special rules apply). The park features approximately four miles of trails for non-motorized uses such as hiking, mountain biking, cross-country skiing, and snowshoeing. The Andy Valley Sno Gypsies also maintain a snowmobile trailhead within the park, which links to miles of regional snowmobile trails.The park is open from dawn until dusk year-round. As with all municipal parks, hunting is not allowed within park boundaries. Park brochures, which include a trail map, park rules, and other park information, are available at the Auburn Parks & Recreation Department office, Monday through Friday, 8a.m.-4:30p.m. Mount Apatite Park, Auburn, Maine Significance The Mt. Apatite quarries were important producers of commercial feldspar in the early 1900's. They played a prominent part in Maine's mining history. During the course of this mining activity, rare minerals and colorful crystals of green and pink tourmaline were found in both the Greenlaw and Maine Feldspar Quarries. These quarries also produced many large crystals of transparent smoky quartz. The complexity of the mineral assemblage at Mt.
    [Show full text]
  • The Krásno Sn-W Ore District Near Horní Slavkov: Mining History, Geological and Mineralogical Characteristics
    Journal of the Czech Geological Society 51/12(2006) 3 The Krásno Sn-W ore district near Horní Slavkov: mining history, geological and mineralogical characteristics Sn-W rudní revír Krásno u Horního Slavkova historie tìby, geologická a mineralogická charakteristika (47 figs, 1 tab) PAVEL BERAN1 JIØÍ SEJKORA2 1 Regional Museum Sokolov, Zámecká 1, Sokolov, CZ-356 00, Czech Republic 2 Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, National Museum, Václavské nám. 68, Prague 1, CZ-115 79, Czech Republic The tin-tungsten Krásno ore district near Horní Slavkov (Slavkovský les area, western Bohemia) belongs to the most important areas of ancient mining in the Czech Republic. The exceptionally rich and variable mineral associations, and the high number of mineral species, make this area one of the most remarkable mineralogical localities on a worldwide scale. The present paper reviews the data on geological setting of the ore district, individual ore deposits and mining history. Horní Slavkov and Krásno were known as a rich source of exquisite quality mineral specimens stored in numerous museum collections throughout Europe. The old museum specimens are often known under the German locality names of Schlaggenwald (= Horní Slavkov) and Schönfeld (=Krásno). The megascopic properties and paragenetic position of selected mineral classics are reviewed which include arsenopyrite, fluorapatite, fluorite, hübnerite, chalcopyrite, carpholite, cassiterite, quartz, molybdenite, rhodochrosite, sphalerite, topaz and scheelite. Key words: Sn-W ores; tin-tungsten mineralization; mining history; ore geology; mineralogy; Slavkovský les; Krásno, Horní Slavkov ore district; Czech Republic. Introduction valleys dissected parts of the area. In the ore district area, the detailed surface morphology is modified by large de- In the mining history of Central Europe, Bohemia and pressions caused by the collapse of old underground Moravia are known as important source of gold, silver, workings and by extensive dumps.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY of SELECTED Sb, As and P MINERALS
    Crystal Chemistry of Selected Sb, As, and P Minerals Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Origlieri, Marcus Jason Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 07/10/2021 10:49:41 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194240 1 CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF SELECTED Sb, As AND P MINERALS by Marcus Jason Origlieri ___________________________________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2005 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Marcus Jason Origlieri entitled Crystal Chemistry of Selected Sb, As, and P Minerals and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: November 15, 2005 Robert T. Downs _______________________________________________________________________ Date: November 15, 2005 M. Bonner Denton _______________________________________________________________________ Date: November 15, 2005 Mihai N. Ducea _______________________________________________________________________ Date: November 15, 2005 Charles T. Prewitt Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourmaline Announces Formation of Topaz Energy, Unlocking Value in Tourmaline's Significant Asset Base
    NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION IN THE UNITED STATES OR DISSEMINATION OVER UNITED STATES NEWSWIRE SERVICES. NEWS RELEASE OCTOBER 10, 2019 TOURMALINE ANNOUNCES FORMATION OF TOPAZ ENERGY, UNLOCKING VALUE IN TOURMALINE'S SIGNIFICANT ASSET BASE Calgary, Alberta - Tourmaline Oil Corp. (TSX:TOU) ("Tourmaline") is pleased to announce the formation of Topaz Energy Corp. (“Topaz”), a new private royalty and infrastructure energy company. Tourmaline will sell to Topaz: a royalty interest on Tourmaline lands, a non-operated interest in two of Tourmaline‘s existing 19 natural gas processing plants, and a contracted interest in a portion of Tourmaline‘s current third-party revenue for total cash and share consideration of $775 million. Topaz will be a low-risk, high-distribution, hybrid royalty and infrastructure energy company with long-term growth plans. Topaz will be capitalized initially with a $150 to $200 million third-party equity private placement, with Tourmaline retaining a 75% to 81% equity ownership interest. Tourmaline intends to reduce a portion of its ownership as Topaz participates in future acquisition activities and an anticipated Topaz public liquidity event in 2020. The initial acquisition from Tourmaline is expected to generate approximately $90 million in revenue(1) in 2020, of which it is anticipated approximately 75% will be paid out in quarterly dividends ($0.80 per share annually, 8% yield). The assets to be acquired from Tourmaline will consist of three components: 1. A gross overriding royalty (“GORR”) on natural gas, oil, and condensate production on 100% of Tourmaline’s existing lands (approximately 2.2 million net acres). 2. A non-operated 45% working interest in two natural gas processing plants underpinned by long-term take- or-pay commitments from Tourmaline.
    [Show full text]
  • The Red Emerald
    The Red Emerald Black Album Words by Seth William Rozendaal Photos by David Rozendaal This work is for the enjoyment of gemstone aficionados around the world and throughout time, and dedicated to the divine muse who inspires everything. This book celebrates the Red Emerald’s public debut at the 2017 Tucson Gem and Mineral Show. Graphics taken from the Mineralogical Record Volume 47 Number 1: Colombian Emeralds where noted. The two photos of the Heart matrix specimen on the top of the page in Section VI were taken by Wayne Schrimp. Seth Rozendaal is responsible for the landscape photo in Section II, the beveled heart in Section VI and Office Suite Graphics. The Suite Treasure necklace photo in Section XIII was taken at the Brent Isenberger Studio. Cover and all other interior photos in this album were taken by David Rozendaal. Without his tireless dedication, this publication would not have been possible. For additional information, please contact: Seth William Rozendaal (515) 868-7207 [email protected] Index I - Red Beryl IS Red Emerald II - Formation III - Matrix Specimens IV - Wafers V - Prisms VI - Twins VII - Clusters VIII - Bixbyite Combinations IX - Topaz Combinations X - Hourglass Patterning XI - The Scarlet Spectrum XII - Facet-Grade Red Emerald XIII - The Red Emerald Suite Treasure I ~ Red Beryl IS Red Emerald The human infatuation with Emeralds runs so deep, and our desire for them traces so far back… It's one of the only gemstones found in rank-signifying Neolithic headdresses. Yeah, you heard me: Caveman Crowns. Aja Raden - Author, Historian and Scientist Diamonds may be forever, but only Emeralds are eternal; our appreciation of Emeralds stretches from the beginning of human civilization to the very end.
    [Show full text]
  • Bedrock Geology Glossary from the Roadside Geology of Minnesota, Richard W
    Minnesota Bedrock Geology Glossary From the Roadside Geology of Minnesota, Richard W. Ojakangas Sedimentary Rock Types in Minnesota Rocks that formed from the consolidation of loose sediment Conglomerate: A coarse-grained sedimentary rock composed of pebbles, cobbles, or boul- ders set in a fine-grained matrix of silt and sand. Dolostone: A sedimentary rock composed of the mineral dolomite, a calcium magnesium car- bonate. Graywacke: A sedimentary rock made primarily of mud and sand, often deposited by turbidi- ty currents. Iron-formation: A thinly bedded sedimentary rock containing more than 15 percent iron. Limestone: A sedimentary rock composed of calcium carbonate. Mudstone: A sedimentary rock composed of mud. Sandstone: A sedimentary rock made primarily of sand. Shale: A deposit of clay, silt, or mud solidified into more or less a solid rock. Siltstone: A sedimentary rock made primarily of sand. Igneous and Volcanic Rock Types in Minnesota Rocks that solidified from cooling of molten magma Basalt: A black or dark grey volcanic rock that consists mainly of microscopic crystals of pla- gioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and perhaps olivine. Diorite: A plutonic igneous rock intermediate in composition between granite and gabbro. Gabbro: A dark igneous rock consisting mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene in crystals large enough to see with a simple magnifier. Gabbro has the same composition as basalt but contains much larger mineral grains because it cooled at depth over a longer period of time. Granite: An igneous rock composed mostly of orthoclase feldspar and quartz in grains large enough to see without using a magnifier. Most granites also contain mica and amphibole Rhyolite: A felsic (light-colored) volcanic rock, the extrusive equivalent of granite.
    [Show full text]
  • Washington State Minerals Checklist
    Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite
    [Show full text]
  • Lapidary Journal Jewelry Artist March 2012
    INDEX TO VOLUME 65 Lapidary Journal Jewelry Artist April 2011-March 2012 INDEX BY FEATURE/ Signature Techniques Part 1 Resin Earrings and Pendant, PROJECT/DEPARTMENT of 2, 20, 09/10-11 30, 08-11 Signature Techniques Part 2 Sagenite Intarsia Pendant, 50, With title, page number, of 2, 18, 11-11 04-11 month, and year published Special Event Sales, 22, 08-11 Silver Clay and Wire Ring, 58, When to Saw Your Rough, 74, 03-12 FEATURE ARTICLES Smokin’*, 43, 09/10-11 01/02-12 Argentium® Tips, 50, 03-12 Spinwheel, 20, 08-11 Arizona Opal, 22, 01/02-12 PROJECTS/DEMOS/FACET Stacking Ring Trio, 74, Basic Files, 36, 11-11 05/06-11 DESIGNS Brachiopod Agate, 26, 04-11 Sterling Safety Pin, 22, 12-11 Alabaster Bowls, 54, 07-11 Create Your Best Workspace, Swirl Step Cut Revisited, 72, Amethyst Crystal Cross, 34, 28, 11-11 01/02-12 Cut Together, 66, 01/02-12 12-11 Tabbed Fossil Coral Pendant, Deciphering Chinese Writing Copper and Silver Clay 50, 01/02-12 Linked Bracelet, 48, 07-11 12, 07-11 Stone, 78, 01/02-12 Torch Fired Enamel Medallion Site of Your Own, A, 12, 03-12 Easier Torchwork, 43, 11-11 Copper Wire Cuff with Silver Necklace, 33, 09/10-11 Elizabeth Taylor’s Legendary Wire “Inlay,” 28, 07-11 Trillion Diamonds Barion, 44, SMOKIN’ STONES Jewels, 58, 12-11 Coquina Pendant, 44, 05/06-11 Alabaster, 52, 07-11 Ethiopian Opal, 28, 01/02-12 01/02-12 Turquoise and Pierced Silver Ametrine, 44, 09/10-11 Find the Right Findings, 46, Corrugated Copper Pendant, Bead Bracelet – Plus!, 44, Coquina, 42, 01/02-12 09/10-11 24, 05/06-11 04-11 Fossilized Ivory, 24, 04-11
    [Show full text]
  • Mineral Processing
    Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineral Industry of Burundi in 2016
    2016 Minerals Yearbook BURUNDI [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. Department of the Interior January 2020 U.S. Geological Survey The Mineral Industry of Burundi By Thomas R. Yager In 2016, the production of mineral commodities—notably can be found in previous editions of the U.S. Geological Survey gold, tantalum, tin, and tungsten—represented only a minor Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area Reports—International— part of the economy of Burundi (United Nations Economic Africa, which are available at https://www.usgs.gov/centers/ Commission for Africa, 2017). The legislative framework for nmic/africa-and-middle-east. the mineral sector in Burundi is provided by the Mining Code of Burundi (law No. 1/21 of October 15, 2013). The legislative Reference Cited framework for the petroleum sector is provided by the Mining United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, 2017, Burundi, in African and Petroleum Act of 1976. Data on mineral production are statistical yearbook 2017: United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, in table 1. Table 2 is a list of major mineral industry facilities. p. 113–117. (Accessed November 7, 2018, at https://www.uneca.org/sites/ More-extensive coverage of the mineral industry of Burundi default/files/PublicationFiles/asyb-2017.pdf.) TABLE 1 BURUNDI: PRODUCTION OF MINERAL COMMODITIES1 (Metric tons, gross weight, unless otherwise specified) Commodity2 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 METALS Gold, mine, Au contente kilograms 500 400 500 500 500 Niobium and tantalum, mine, columbite-tantalite concentrate: Gross weight do. 258,578 73,518 105,547 53,093 r 31,687 Nb contente do. 51,000 14,000 21,000 10,000 r 6,200 Ta contente do.
    [Show full text]
  • Microstructural, Mechanical, Corrosion and Cytotoxicity Characterization of Porous Ti-Si Alloys with Pore-Forming Agent
    materials Article Microstructural, Mechanical, Corrosion and Cytotoxicity Characterization of Porous Ti-Si Alloys with Pore-Forming Agent Andrea Školáková 1,*, Jana Körberová 1 , Jaroslav Málek 2 , Dana Rohanová 3, Eva Jablonská 4, Jan Pinc 1, Pavel Salvetr 1 , Eva Gregorová 3 and Pavel Novák 1 1 Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; [email protected] (J.K.); [email protected] (J.P.); [email protected] (P.S.); [email protected] (P.N.) 2 UJP Praha a.s., Nad Kamínkou 1345, 156 10 Prague 16, Czech Republic; [email protected] 3 Department of Glass and Ceramics, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; [email protected] (D.R.); [email protected] (E.G.) 4 Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +420-220-444-055 Received: 12 November 2020; Accepted: 7 December 2020; Published: 9 December 2020 Abstract: Titanium and its alloys belong to the group of materials used in implantology due to their biocompatibility, outstanding corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. However, the value of Young’s modulus is too high in comparison with the human bone, which could result in the failure of implants. This problem can be overcome by creating pores in the materials, which, moreover, improves the osseointegration. Therefore, TiSi2 and TiSi2 with 20 wt.% of the pore-forming agent (PA) were prepared by reactive sintering and compared with pure titanium and titanium with the addition of various PA content in this study.
    [Show full text]