Tourmaline Announces Formation of Topaz Energy, Unlocking Value in Tourmaline's Significant Asset Base
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Magnetite and Hematite Intheiron Ores of the Kiruna Type and Some Other Iron Ore Types
SERIE C NR 625 AVHANDLINGAR OCH UPPSATSER ARSBOK 6 1 NR 10 RUDYARD FRIETSCH THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAGNETITE AND HEMATITE INTHEIRON ORES OF THE KIRUNA TYPE AND SOME OTHER IRON ORE TYPES STOCKHOLM 1967 SVERIGES GEOLOGISKA UNDERSOKNING SERIE C NR 625 ARSBOK 61 NR 10 RUDYARD FKIETSCH THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAGNETITE AND HEMATITE IN THE IRON ORES OF THE KIRUNA TYPE AND SOME OTHER IRON ORE TYPES STOCKHOLM 1967 Manuscript received May 8th, 1967 Editor: Per H. Lundegårdh Stockholm 1967 Kungl. Boktryckeriet P. A. Norstedt & Söner CONTENTS Abstracc ................................. Introdiiction ................................ The relationship between magnetite and hernatite in kon ores of the Kiruna type ... Northern Sweden ............................ Central Sweden ............................ Chile .................................. Mexico ................................. United States ............................. The formation of'hematite in iron ores of the Kiruna type ............ Examples of the occurrence of hematite in connection with metasomalic processes ... The relationship between magnetite and hematite in ~henon-apatitic irvri ores of Central Sweden .................................. Conclusions ................................ Acknowledgements ............................. References ................................. 7 1.670383 . SGU. Frietsch ABSTRACT I11 the magmatic iron ores of thc Kiruna type the primary iron oxide is inostly magnetite. Hematite is rather common and except when clue to superficial weathering is a later metasomatic alteration of the magnetite. The alteration in the wall-rock (and to a less exteiit in the orc) has given rise to new minerals, e. g. quarte, muscovite, chlorite, calcite, clay minerals and small amounts of tourmaline, fluoritc, barite, allanite and zircoii. It is a later phase of the main ore- forming process. The tcmpcraturc at which the alteration took place is, on account of the niiner- al paragenesis in the altered wall-rock, believed to have been moderate tc. -
Intergrown Emerald Specimen from Chivor Tity Was Confirmed by Raman Spectroscopy
Editor Nathan Renfro Contributing Editors Elise A. Skalwold and John I. Koivula Intergrown Emerald Specimen from Chivor tity was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The inclusion exhibited a well-formed hexagonal prismatic shape with Colombia’s Chivor emerald mines are located in the east- pyramid-like termination (figure 2). Although intergrowth ern zone of the Eastern Cordillera range of the Andes emerald crystals have been described and documented in Mountains. Chivor translates to “green and rich land” in the literature several times (G. Grundmann and G. Giu- Chibcha, the language of the indigenous people who were liani, “Emeralds of the world,” in G. Giuliani et al., Eds., already mining emerald more than 500 years ago, before Emeralds of the World, extraLapis English, No. 2, 2002, pp. the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors (D. Fortaleché et al., “The Colombian emerald industry: Winds of change,” Fall 2017 G&G, pp. 332–358). Chivor emeralds exhibit a bright green color with a tint of blue; they have relatively Figure 1. An emerald crystal inclusion measuring high clarity and fewer inclusions than emeralds found in ~2.67 × 2.71 × 5.43 mm is found inside this large Colombia’s western belt. emerald specimen (18.35 × 10.69 × 9.79 mm) from Colombia’s Chivor mine. Photo by John Jairo Zamora. The authors recently examined a rough emerald crystal specimen (figure 1), measuring 18.35 × 10.69 × 9.79 mm, reportedly from Chivor. This crystal weighed 3.22 g (16.10 ct) and had a prismatic hexagonal crystal shape. Standard gemological examination confirmed the gemstone to be emerald, and ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy showed a classic Colombian emerald absorp- tion spectrum. -
Lapidary Journal Jewelry Artist March 2012
INDEX TO VOLUME 65 Lapidary Journal Jewelry Artist April 2011-March 2012 INDEX BY FEATURE/ Signature Techniques Part 1 Resin Earrings and Pendant, PROJECT/DEPARTMENT of 2, 20, 09/10-11 30, 08-11 Signature Techniques Part 2 Sagenite Intarsia Pendant, 50, With title, page number, of 2, 18, 11-11 04-11 month, and year published Special Event Sales, 22, 08-11 Silver Clay and Wire Ring, 58, When to Saw Your Rough, 74, 03-12 FEATURE ARTICLES Smokin’*, 43, 09/10-11 01/02-12 Argentium® Tips, 50, 03-12 Spinwheel, 20, 08-11 Arizona Opal, 22, 01/02-12 PROJECTS/DEMOS/FACET Stacking Ring Trio, 74, Basic Files, 36, 11-11 05/06-11 DESIGNS Brachiopod Agate, 26, 04-11 Sterling Safety Pin, 22, 12-11 Alabaster Bowls, 54, 07-11 Create Your Best Workspace, Swirl Step Cut Revisited, 72, Amethyst Crystal Cross, 34, 28, 11-11 01/02-12 Cut Together, 66, 01/02-12 12-11 Tabbed Fossil Coral Pendant, Deciphering Chinese Writing Copper and Silver Clay 50, 01/02-12 Linked Bracelet, 48, 07-11 12, 07-11 Stone, 78, 01/02-12 Torch Fired Enamel Medallion Site of Your Own, A, 12, 03-12 Easier Torchwork, 43, 11-11 Copper Wire Cuff with Silver Necklace, 33, 09/10-11 Elizabeth Taylor’s Legendary Wire “Inlay,” 28, 07-11 Trillion Diamonds Barion, 44, SMOKIN’ STONES Jewels, 58, 12-11 Coquina Pendant, 44, 05/06-11 Alabaster, 52, 07-11 Ethiopian Opal, 28, 01/02-12 01/02-12 Turquoise and Pierced Silver Ametrine, 44, 09/10-11 Find the Right Findings, 46, Corrugated Copper Pendant, Bead Bracelet – Plus!, 44, Coquina, 42, 01/02-12 09/10-11 24, 05/06-11 04-11 Fossilized Ivory, 24, 04-11 -
Jackson's Auction
Jackson's Auction Collector's Choice: Antiques & Collectibles Wednesday - September 19, 2012 Collector's Choice: Antiques & Collectibles 675: REED & BARTON STERLING SILVER FLATWARE, 148 PIECES USD 4,000 - 6,000 A LARGE 148 PIECE SET OF REED AND BARTON FRANCIS 1ST STERLING SILVER FLATWARE, MID 20TH CENTURY. Comprising 24 table knives, 24 table forks, 24 salad forks, 35 teaspoons, 13 cream soup spoons, 5 tablespoons, 12 individual butter knives and 11 various serving pieces. Contained in two fitted chests, not matching. Total weight approximately 194 troy oz. 676: DUTCH SILVER EPERGNE, 1853 USD 1,000 - 1,500 A VERY FINE DUTCH SILVER AND CUT CRYSTAL CENTERPIECE EPERGNE, 1853. Stamp hallmarks including "Z&B" probably for Pieter Zollner and William Beijoer (1849-1871) comprising a silver entwining stem with extending foliage supporting two scallop cut crystal trays below a tulip blossom finial raised on a scalloped floral repousse and chased bell form base. Additionally stamped "Pde Meyer te'Hage." Silver weight approximately 34.76 troy oz. Height 22.5 inches (57cm). 677: WALLACE ROSE POINT STERLING SILVER FLATWARE, 63 PIECES USD 1,200 - 1,800 A VERY FINE SET OF WALLACE ROSE POINT STERLING SILVER FLATWARE, MID 20TH CENTURY. 63 pieces comprising 10 each place knives, place forks and salad forks, 20 teaspoons, 10 individual butters, a gravy ladle, sugar shell and pastry server. All contained in a fitted mahogany chest with drawer. Weight approximately 60 troy oz. 678: A FINE CONTINENTAL SILVER BACCHANALIAN FOOTED BOWL USD 200 - 400 A FINE CONTINENTAL SILVER BACCHANALIAN FOOTED BOWL, 20TH CENTURY. With embossed and chased facial mask within hammered scalloped lobes and grape vine rim in deep relief. -
Gem Wealth of Tanzania GEMS & GEMOLOGY Summer 1992 Fipe 1
By Dona M.Dirlarn, Elise B. Misiorowski, Rosemaiy Tozer, Karen B. Stark, and Allen M.Bassett The East African nation of Tanzania has he United Republic of Tanzania, the largest of the East great gem wealth. First known by Western- 1African countries, is composed of mainland Tanzania and ers for its diamonds, Tanzania emerged in the island of Zanzibar. 1t is regarded by many as the birthplace the 1960s as a producer of a great variety of of the earliest ancestors of Homo sapiens. To the gem indus- other gems such as tanzanite, ruby, fancy- try, however, Tanzania is one of the most promising fron- colored sapphire, garnet, and tourmaline; to date, more than 50 gem species and vari- tiers, with 50 gem species and varieties identified, to date, eties have been produced. As the 1990s from more than 200 occurrences. begin, De Beers has reinstated diamond "Modem" mining started in the gold fields of Tanzania in exploration in Tanzania, new gem materials the late 1890s (Ngunangwa, 19821, but modem diamond min- such as transparent green zoisite have ing did not start until 1925, and nearly all mining of colored appeared on the market, and there is stones has taken place since 1950. Even so, only a few of the increasing interest in Tanzania's lesser- gem materials identified have been exploited to any significant known gems such as scapolite, spinel, and extent: diamond, ruby, sapphire, purplish blue zoisite (tan- zircon. This overview describes the main zanite; figure l),and green grossular [tsavorite)and other gar- gems and gem resources of Tanzania, and nets. -
Misuse Ofthe Words "Ruby," "Sapphire," "Emerald," "Topaz," "Stone," "Birthstone," "Gem," "Gemstone," Etc
AG~ Accrrditrd Grmologists Association 33 15 Juitnila St.. San Diego. C/\ 92105 May 31,2016 Secretary Donald S. Clark Federal Trade Commission Office of the Secretary 600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite CC-5610 (Annex-O) Washington, DC 20580 RE: Jewelry Guides, 16 CFR, Part 23, Project No. G7110001 Dear Secretary Clark: This following recommendations are being submitted by the Accredited Gemologists Association (AGA) in response to the request for additional public comments regarding the proposed revisions to the Guides for Jewelry, Precious Metals and Pewter. First, we applaud the commission's work on preparing this much-needed revision to address the many changes in the gem and jewelry field since the last updates were made. We also appreciate your giving us another opportunity to review your draft for the revisions and provide additional comments to this draft before they are finalized. Specifically, these comments will focus on Note 23.25: Misuse ofthe words "ruby, " "sapphire/' "emerald," "topaz," "stone," "birthstone," "gem," "gemstone," etc.; and Note 23.12: "Definition and misuse ofthe word "cultured diamond." Note 23:25: Misuse ofthe words "ruby," "sapphire," "emerald," "topaz," "stone," "birthstone," "gem," "gemstone," etc: As the FTC has already acknowledged in its proposed revisions, the practice of mixing lead glass with non-gem grade corundum to create products that look like transparent and semi transparent "rubies," "blue sapphires" and "fancy color sapphires" and selling them as treated gems, at highly inflated prices, -
As Versatile As They Are Eye-Catching, Preciosa Cupchains Can and Have
Cupchains As versatile as they are eye-catching, Preciosa Cupchains can and have been used for everything from tailored accents like crystal fringe to full- on, floor-length fashion statements, and are a fashion jeweler’s dream. Made with our signature Preciosa Chatons MAXIMA, this assortment offers hundreds of size, color and plating combinations and comes in an additional multi-row version. CUPCHAINS 173 Round Stones Colors Coatings Numerical Order 00030 . Crystal 20410 . Tanzanite 80310 . Citrine Crystal Topaz Crystal AB 00030 20031 AB ........ Crystal AB 21110 . Amethyst Opal 90070 . Light Siam 00030 10070 20031 AB 00030 21931 Snr ........ Crystal Sunrise 23980 . Jet 90075 . Red Velvet Jet Light Colorado Topaz Crystal Argent Flare 00030 23531 Hon . Crystal Honey 23980 27231 Hem . Jet Hematite 90090 . Siam 23980 10330 24231 AgF 00030 24231 AgF . Crystal Argent Flare 30010 . Smoked Sapphire 90100 . Burgundy 00030 24431 GdH....... Crystal Golden Honey 30020 . Light Sapphire 90110 . Ruby White Opal Smoked Topaz Crystal Velvet* 00030 25931 PeG . Crystal Peacock Green 30050 . Sapphire 90300 . Light Peach 01000 10220 27931 Vel 00030 26036 Ntf . Crystal Nightfall 30280 . Dark Indigo 90310 . Sun 00030 26231 Aur . Crystal Aurum 30340 . Montana 90350 . Padparadscha Black Diamond Light Gold Quartz Crystal Honey 00030 26536 VL . Crystal Vitrail Light 31110 . Light Sapphire Opal 40010 00520 23531 Hon 00030 26636 Apri....... Crystal Apricot 33400 . Deep Sea Smoked Sapphire Gold Quartz Crystal Golden Honey 00030 27031 Lab . Crystal Labrador 40010 . Black Diamond 30010 00530 24431 GdH 00030 27131 CaG ....... Crystal Capri Gold 50000 . Chrysolite 00030 27731 MtC ....... Crystal Monte Carlo 50010 . Erinite Aquamarine Light Peach Crystal Sunrise* 00030 27931 Vel....... -
Geology and Beryl Deposits of the Peerless Pegmatite Pennington County South Dakota
Geology and Beryl Deposits of the Peerless Pegmatite Pennington County South Dakota GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 297-A This report concerns work done partly on behalj of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission and is published with the permission of the , » Commission Geology and Beryl Deposits of the Peerless Pegmatite Pennington County South Dakota By DOUGLAS M. SHERllDAN, HAL G. STEPHENS, MORTIMER H. STAATZ and JAMES J. NORTON PEGMATITES AND OTHER PRECAMBRIAN ROCKS IN THE SOUTHERN BLACK HILLS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 297-A This report concerns work done partly on behalf of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission and is published with the permission of the Commission UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1957 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRED A. SEATON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price $1.50 (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Page Abstract.__________________________________________ 1 Geology Continued Introduction _______________________________________ 1 Peerless pegmatite Continued Location_____________________________________ 1 Chemical composition......____________ 17 History and production________________________ 2 Origin________ ____________________ _. 18 Past and present investigations.__________________ 3 Mineral deposits_____________________________ 21 Acknowledgments__________________________ 4 Mica__ _________ _________________________ 21 Mine workings _____________________________________ -
Gemstones by Donald W
GEMSTONES By Donald W. olson Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Nicholas A. Muniz, statistical assistant, and the world production table was prepared by Glenn J. Wallace, international data coordinator. In this report, the terms “gem” and “gemstone” mean any gemstones and on the cutting and polishing of large diamond mineral or organic material (such as amber, pearl, petrified wood, stones. Industry employment is estimated to range from 1,000 to and shell) used for personal adornment, display, or object of art ,500 workers (U.S. International Trade Commission, 1997, p. 1). because it possesses beauty, durability, and rarity. Of more than Most natural gemstone producers in the United states 4,000 mineral species, only about 100 possess all these attributes and are small businesses that are widely dispersed and operate are considered to be gemstones. Silicates other than quartz are the independently. the small producers probably have an average largest group of gemstones; oxides and quartz are the second largest of less than three employees, including those who only work (table 1). Gemstones are subdivided into diamond and colored part time. the number of gemstone mines operating from gemstones, which in this report designates all natural nondiamond year to year fluctuates because the uncertainty associated with gems. In addition, laboratory-created gemstones, cultured pearls, the discovery and marketing of gem-quality minerals makes and gemstone simulants are discussed but are treated separately it difficult to obtain financing for developing and sustaining from natural gemstones (table 2). Trade data in this report are economically viable deposits (U.S. -
1 Design # 2 Genuine Blue Topaz, Garnet & Amethyst Yellow Gold
1 Design # 2 Genuine Blue Topaz, Garnet & Amethyst Yellow Gold Pendant $595 Each BOGO $780 Design # 3 White Gold Huggie Earrings $100 2 Design # 5 6mm Genuine Amethyst White Gold Bezel Earrings $350 Pair BOGO $425 Design # 6 8mm Genuine Amethyst White Gold Bezel Pendant $350 Each BOGO $425 3 Design # 7 .30 Carat White Gold Bezel Diamond Earrings $850 pair BOGO $1250 Design # 8 6mm Blue Cubic Zirconium Heart Pendant White Gold Chain $350 Each, BOGO $425 4 Design # 9 8mm Genuine Blue Topaz White Gold Leverback Earrings $350 Pair, BOGO $425 Design #10 8mm Genuine Blue Topaz Pendant and Chain White Gold $335 Each, BOGO $400 5 Design # 11 Ladies and Mens CHERISH RINGS Sterling Silver VALENTINES PRICE Mens $350 Ladies $325 Design # 12 Ladies and Mens CHERISH RINGS Yellow Gold & Diamonds VALENTINES PRICE Mens $650, Ladies $525 6 Design # 14 Ladies and Mens CHERISH RINGS Yellow Gold Diamond, Ruby, Sapphire VALENTINES PRICE Mens $650 Ladies $525 Design # 15 Cubic Zirconium Heart White Gold Earrings $310 Pair, BOGO $350 7 Design # 16 .10 Carat Diamond Bezel Pendant, White Gold Bright Polish $450 Each, BOGO $595 Design # 17 .10 Carat Diamond Bezel Pendant Yellow Gold Brush Finish $450 Each, BOGO $595 8 Design # 18 .10 Carat Diamond Bezel Pendant White Gold, Brush Finish $450 Each, BOGO $595 Design # 19 .15 Carat Diamond Bezel Pendant Yellow Gold, Bright Finish $575 Each, BOGO $795 9 Design # 20 .15 Carat Diamond Bezel Pendant Yellow Gold, Brush Finish $575 Each, BOGO $795 Design # 21 6mm Genuine Garnet Bezel Earrings White Gold $350 Pair, BOGO $425 -
"Paraíba" Tourmaline from Brazil
AN UPDATE ON “PARAÍBA” TOURMALINE FROM BRAZIL By James E. Shigley, Brian C. Cook, Brendan M. Laurs, and Marcelo de Oliveira Bernardes Vivid blue, green, and purple-to-violet cuprian elbaites, renowned in the gem trade as “Paraíba” tourma- lines, continue to be recovered in small amounts from northeastern Brazil. Since the initial discovery of this copper-bearing tourmaline in 1982, production has been sporadic and has not kept up with the strong market demand. Mining currently takes place at the original discovery—the Mina da Batalha—and at adjacent workings near São José da Batalha in Paraíba State. At least two pegmatite localities (the Mulungu and Alto dos Quintos mines) in neighboring Rio Grande do Norte State have produced limited quantities of cuprian elbaites. All of these pegmatites occur within Late Proterozoic metamorphic rocks of the Equador Formation; the source of the copper is unknown. Six blue to blue-green elbaites from Mulungu had lower copper contents (up to 0.69 wt.% CuO) than the brightly colored Mina da Batalha material reported in the literature. nusually vivid “neon” blue, green-blue, Milisenda 2001; Smith et al., 2001; Zang et al., green, and violet elbaite tourmalines first 2001). The colors of some cuprian elbaites can be Uappeared in the jewelry trade in 1989 changed by heat treatment, and some are fracture- (Koivula and Kammerling, 1989a). Some of these filled to improve their apparent clarity. colors were so striking (figure 1) that initially there During the 1990 Tucson gem show, prices for was uncertainty over the identity of the material. this material skyrocketed from a few hundred dol- Eventually it was learned that they were recovered lars to over $2,000 per carat in just four days from several small granitic pegmatite dikes at a sin- (Federman, 1990; Reilly, 1990). -
R2362-RC1885-PTOV Paraíba Tourmaline & Diamond Ring
R2362-RC1885-PTOV Paraíba Tourmaline & Diamond Ring Platinum ring featuring a 1.84 carat oval Paraíba-type tourmaline accented by 3.44 carat total weight of oval Paraíba-type tourmalines 0.24 carat total weight of round Paraíba tourmalines and 1.07 carat total weight of round diamonds. R2362-RC1885-PTOV Supporting Information and Materials Design Details Paraíba-Type Tourmaline, Paraíba Tourmaline & Diamond 3-Stone Ring Platinum, Size 6.5 1 Paraíba-type Tourmaline Oval 1.84ct. (8.67x6.92x4.80mm) - Heated 2 Paraíba-Type Tourmaline Oval 3.44ctw. (8.03x6.82x5.08mm & 8.08x7.07x4.65mm) - Heated 34 Paraíba Tourmaline Rd 0.24ctw. - Heated 66 Diamond Rd 1.07 ctw. (F+/VS+) Unique Design Traits A classic 3-stone ring is given a burst of color with three carefully matched Paraíba- type tourmalines with their vivid blue-green color; creates a statement making sized look. Tourmalines, particularly Paraíba-type, can be more fragile than other gemstones in jewelry, to protect each of the stones, they are set in a shared halo setting which is precision set with hand-drilled diamond pave. R2362-RC1885-PTOV Supporting Information and Materials Gemstone Details Paraíba-Type/Cuprian Elbaite Tourmaline & Paraíba Tourmaline Copper bearing tourmaline, more often recognized by the name Paraíba, is technically named cuprian elbaite tourmaline. As a trace element, copper is responsible for the intense neon blue hues that make Paraíba and Paraíba-type tourmalines so desirable. A stone is considered a Paraíba tourmaline if mined in the specific region in Paraíba, Brazil where the stone was first discovered in the 1980’s.