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Tool Steel Catalog Index Air Hardening AISI A2‐ Air Hardening Tool Steel………………………………………………………………………………………………..1‐2 AISI A6‐ Air Hardening Die Steel………………………………………………………………………………………………….3‐4 High Carbon‐ High Chrome AISI D2‐ High Carbon‐ High Chrome…………………………………………………………………………………………….5‐7 AISI D3‐ High Carbon‐ High Chrome…………………………………………………………………………………………….8‐10 Shock Resisting AISI S1‐ Chrome‐ Tungsten Shock Resistant Steel………………………………………………………………………..11‐13 AISI S5‐ Silicon‐ Manganese‐ Moly‐ Vanadium Shock Resistant Steel…………………………………………..14‐16 AISI S7‐ Chrome‐ Moly Shock Resistant Steel………………………………………………………………………………17‐19 Mold Quality/ Hot Work AISI 420‐ ESR Mold Quality Stainless Steel………………………………………………………………………………….20‐21 AISI P20‐ Mold Steel……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………22‐23 AISI H13‐ Hot Work Steel…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….24‐26 High Speed AISI M2‐ Molybdenum‐ Tungsten High Speed……………………………………………………………………………..27‐29 Oil Hardening AISI 01‐ Oil Hardening Tool Steel……………………………………………………………………………………………….30‐32 AISI 06‐ Graphitic Oil Hardening Tool Steel………………………………………………………………………………….33‐34 AISI L6‐ Oil Hardening Tool Steel………………………………………………………………………………………………..35‐37 Water Hardening AISI W2‐ Water Hardening Carbon Tool Steel……………………………………………………………………………38‐40 Alloy 4140‐ Pre‐hard/ Annealed…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….41 Index Mild/Low Carbon Fre‐max 15‐ Low Carbon………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..42 Powdered Metal Manufactured Grades………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 43 Drill Rod O‐1‐ Oil Hardening…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..44 W‐1‐ Water Hardening……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………44 A‐2‐ Air Hardening…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..44 S‐7‐ Air Hardening Super Shock……………………………………………………………………………………………………….45 D‐2‐ Air Hardening High Carbon High Chrome…………………………………………………………………………………45 M‐2‐ Moly‐ Tungsten ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………45 Standard Tolerances…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………46 Precision Ground Flat Stock O‐1‐ Oil Hardening…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..47 A‐2‐ Air Hardening…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..47 S‐7‐ Air Hardening Super Shock……………………………………………………………………………………………………….48 D‐2‐ High Carbon High Chrome……………………………………………………………………………………………………….48 M‐2‐ Molybdenum‐ Tungsten High Speed……………………………………………………………………………………….48 Low Carbon……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..48 Tolerances……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….49 Hardness Conversion Chart Conversion Chart……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………50‐51 Pennsylvania Steel Company AISI A2 Air Hardening Tool Steel AISI A2 is an air-hardening tool steel containing 5 pct chromium. It replaces O1 when safer hardening, better dimensional stability, and increased wear-resistance are required. Use for dies, punches, and similar forming and blanking tools as recommended for Type O1, but where less distortion in heat-treatment or better wear-resistance is required. Machinability - If properly annealed to Brinell 212 max, A2 has a machinability of 65, as compared with a 1-pct carbon tool steel, rated at 100. Dimensional Stability - When air-quenchedfrom the proper hardening temperature, this grade generally expands 0.001 in./in. of cross-section. Typical Analysis Carbon 1.00 Molybdenum 1.10 Vanadium 0.25 Chromium 5.25 Silicon 0.60 Manganese 0.60 Annealing A2 should always be annealed after forging. To prevent decarburization use a controlled- atmosphere furnace or pack in a sealed container using some inert material. To anneal for lowest hardness, heat slowly to 1650°F and hold at this temperature for about two hours per inch of greatest cross-section. Cool at a rate of 20 degrees per hour to 1150°F and reheat to 1350°F; hold three hours per inch of greatest cross-section; furnace cool at 20 degrees per hour to 1100°F; then furnace-cool to 900°F and air-cool. A hardness of Brinell 212 max will result from this treatment. Hardening To prevent decarburization, pack in some inert material; or the treatment can be carried out in a salt bath or controlled-atmosphere furnace. Preheat to 1200°F and hold at this temperature until thoroughly soaked. Heat to 1750 to 1800°F and hold for one hour per inch of greatest cross- section. Remove from the furnace and cool in air. Although A2 is primarily an air-hardening grade, flash oil-quenching is occasionally used on large sections; but tools must be removed from the oil when they reach 1000°F, and air-cooled to 1500°F. Temper immediately to minimize the possibility of cracking. 1 The fracture grain size and Rockwell C hardness of specimens 1in. square X 4 in. long, quenched in air and quenched in oil, after holding 1 hour at temperatures ranging from 1600 to 1900°F are: Still-Air Cooled | Oil-Quenched Quenching Fracture Rockwell | Quenching Fracture Rockwell temp - °F grain size C | temp - °F grain size C 1600 7 48 | 1600 9-3/4 54 1650 9-1/2 54 | 1650 9-3/4 55 1700 9-3/4 59.5 | 1700 9-3/4 62 1750 9-3/4 64 | 1750 9-3/4 65 1775 10 64 | 1800 9-3/4 64 1800 10 64 | 1850 9-1/2 63.5 1850 9-1/2 63 | 1900 9-3/4 62 1900 9-1/4 62 | Tempering After the pieces have cooled in the quench to about 150°F they should be tempered immediately. For most applications A2 should be tempered at 350 to 400°F. A minimum holding time of two hours per inch of greatest cross-section should be used. The Rockwell C hardness obtained on specimens 1 in. square when quenched in air from 1775°F, and quenched in oil from 1750°F, and tempered at various temperatures, are as follows: Rockwell C Tempering 1775°F 1750°F temperature - °F Air-quench Oil-quench None 64 65 300 62 62.5 400 60 61 500 56 57.5 600 56 56 700 56 56 800 56 56 900 56 56 1000 56 55 1100 50 50 1200 43 45 1300 34 34 These results on 1-in. diameter specimens may be used as a guide in tempering tools to desired hardness. However, tools of heavy section or mass may be several points lower in Rockwell hardness for a given treatment. Data shown are typical, and should not be construed as maximum or minimum values for specification or for final design. Data on any particular piece of material may vary from those herein. 2 Pennsylvania Steel Company AISI A6 Air Hardening Die Steel A6 is an air hardening, cold work die steel which exhibits less distortion during heat treatment than water or oil hardening steels and most high alloy, air hardening die steels. It is a fully air hardening steel, a 6 inch cube hardening to Rockwell C 60 in still air. In addition, A6 has the advantage of a low hardening temperature range, 1500'-1600F, usually available only in oil hardening steels. The minimum distortion characteristic of A6 makes it particularly attractive for dies and punches in blanking and forming operations, for gages, or for other tools where close size tolerance is important. Typical Analysis Carbon .70 Chromium 1.00 Manganese 2.00 Molybdenum 1.35 Silicon .30 Sulfur .09 Annealing A6 may be annealed in either a controlled atmospheric furnace or packed in spent pitch coke, spent cast iron chips, or in lime, fine dry ashes, sand, or ground mica with approximately 10 percent burned charcoal added. Heat to 1325- 1375°F and hold approximately 4 hours for each inch of thickness. Cool very slowly at a rate of 20' per hour to approximately 1000°F. Annealed hardness range is normally 235 to 245 Brinell. Hardening The hardening temperature range for A6 is from 1500'-1600°F. Tools with simple shapes may be heated directly to the hardening temperature from room temperature. A preheat of 1200-1250°F should be used for tools or intricate shapes. A furnace atmosphere for hardening should be slightly oxidizing. Cool in still air or an air blast. Tempering To obtain high hardness with minimum distortion, A6 should be tempered at temperatures between 300-400°F. Tempering time will vary with the size of the piece being hardened, but even the smallest tools should be tempered for a minimum of 1 hour. Reference to the hardening and tempering table will give approximate hardness obtained with various tempering temperatures. 3 Hardening Air Cooled Shepherd Tempering Temp. Hardness Fracture Temp. Hardness °F Rockwell C Rating Rating Rockwell C 1400 56 9 300 54 400 54 500 51.5 600 51 700 49 800 47 900 44 1000 41 1450 60.5 9 300 60 400 58.5 500 57 600 56 700 54 800 49.5 900 47 1000 43 1500 61.5 9 300 60.5 400 59 500 56 600 55 700 53 800 50 900 48 1000 44 1550 62 9 300 60.5 400 59 500 56 600 56 700 54 800 51 900 48.5 1000 45 1600 63 9 300 61 400 59 500 57 600 56.5 700 54.5 800 52.5 900 50 1000 46 1650 60 8.5 300 57 400 56 500 56 600 56 700 55.5 800 52.5 900 51 1000 46 Data shown are typical, and should not be construed as maximum or minimum values for specification or for final design. Data on any particular piece of material may vary from those herein. 4 Pennsylvania Steel Company AISI D2 High Carbon/High Chrome Tool Steel As the result of its special annealed structure, developed and tested over a period of several years, AISI Type D2 is the ideal grade for maximum production runs. Its machinability is superior to any of the similar types of tool steel. It also has excellent wear-resistance and deep hardening properties, and high compressive strength. Use D2 for applications requiring long runs and close tolerances. Use it for tools and dies for blanking, punching, forming, cold-extruding, and other operations requiring high compressive strength and excellent wear resistance. Machinability - D2 has a machinability rating of 65, as compared with a rating of 100 for a 1 pct carbon tool steel. Dimensional Stability - Tests on this grade normally show a slight amount of contraction after hardening with the part in the as-quenched condition or tempered below 900F. Tempering at approximately 925F usually eliminates this contraction and brings the part virtually back to its original size. D2 has the minimum distortion in heat-treatment as compared with other tool steels.
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