ANNEXURES
Sr. Content No. 1 List of products with production capacity and raw materials 2 Plant layout 3 Brief manufacturing process, chemical reaction and mass balance 4 Details of water consumption and waste water generation 5 Details of effluent treatment plant 6 Details of hazardous/solid waste generation, management and disposal mode 7 Details of air pollution sources and control measures 8 Details hazardous chemical storage facility 9 Socio - Economic impacts 10 Proposed Terms of References 11 GIDC Plot Allotment Letter 12 GIDC Water Supply Letter 13 Toposheet
ANNEXURE-I LIST OF PRODUCTS WITH THEIR PRODUCTION CAPACITY Sr. Name of Product CAS. No. Production LD50 /LC50 No. (MT/Month) (mg/kg ) (A) Chlorinated Products 1. 3-Chloromethylbenzoic (Toluic) 31719-77-4 - acid 2. 4-Chloromethylbenzoic (Toluic) 1642-81-5 - acid 3. Benzotrichloride 98-07-7 6000 4. o-Chlorobenzotrichloride 2136-89-2 - 5. P-Chlorobenzotrichloride 5216-25-1 250 820 6. m-Chlorobenzotrichloride 2136-81-4 500 7. 2,3-Dichlorobenzotrichloride 84613-97-8 - 8. 2,4-Dichlorobenzotrichloride 13014-18-1 3160 9. 2-Chloro-4- 88578-92-1 - Fluorobenzotrichloride 10. o-Fluorobenzotrichloride 488-98-2 - 11. p-Fluorobenzotrichloride 5216-25-1 - 12. Trichloromethoxy benzene 456-55-3 - 13. o-Chlorobenzyl chloride 611-19-8 50 14. 2,4-Dichlorobenzyl chloride 94-99-5 - 15. 3-Chloro pivaloyl chloride 4300-97-4 - (B) Acid Chlorides 16. Benzoyl chloride 98-88-4 1900 17. Chloroacetyl chloride 79-04-9 200 18. 2-Ethylhexanoyl chloride 760-67-8 1260 mg/m3 19. Octanoyl chloride 111-64-8 - 20. o-Chlorobenzoyl chloride 609-65-4 3250 21. P-Chlorobenzoyl chloride 122-01-0 - 22. m-Chlorobenzoyl chloride 618-46-2 - 23. 2,3-Dichlorobenzoyl chloride 2905-60-4 - 24. 2,4-Dichlorobenzoyl chloride 89-75-8 4640 25. 2-Chloro-4-Fluorobenzoyl 21900-54-9 - chloride 26. o-Fluorobenzoyl chloride 393-52-2 - 27. p-Fluorobenzoyl chloride 403-43-0 -
28. 2-Ethoxybenzoyl chloride 256-003-4 -
29. 3-Chloromethylbenzoyl (Toluoy) 63024-77-1 - 200 chloride 30. 4-Chloromethylbenzoyl (Toluoy) 876-08-4 - chloride 31. 2-Methylbenzoyl chloride 933-88-0 - 32. 4-Methylbenzoyl chloride 874-60-2 - 33. 4-Methoxybenzoyl chloride 100-07-2 - 34. n-Butyryl chloride 141-75-3 1470 35. Isobutyryl chloride 79-30-1 1000 36. 4-Chlorobutyryl chloride 4635-59-0 1350 37. Propionyl chloride 79-03-8 823 38. 2-Chloropropionyl chloride 7623-09-8 642 39. 3-chloropropionyl chloride 625-36-5 - 40. n-Valeryl chloride 638-29-9 2.07 mg/L 41. 5-Chlorovaleryl chloride 1575-61-7 <2000 42. Isovaleryl chloride 108-12-3 - 43. Heptanoyl chloride 2528-61-2 - 44. Hexanoyl chloride 142-61-0 - 45. Isophthaloyl chloride 99-63-8 2200 46. Cyclopropane carbonyl chloride 4023-34-1 - 47. Cyclobutane carbonyl chloride 5006-22-4 - 48. Cyclohexane carbonyl chloride 2719-27-9 - 49. 2-Furoyl chloride 527-69-5 - 50. 2-Thiophenecarbonyl chloride 5271-67-0 - 51. Trimethylacetyl chloride 3282-30-2 638
(C) Alkyl chlorides 52. n-Propyl chloride 540-54-5 >2000 53. n-Butyl chloride 109-69-3 2670 54. Isobutyl chloride 513-36-0 - 55. n-Pentyl chloride 543-59-9 - 56. n-Hexyl chloride 544-10-5 40 - 57. n-Heptyl Chloride 629-06-1 - 58. n-Octyl Chloride 111-85-3 >20,000 59. 2-Ethylhexyl (Isooctyl) Chloride 123-04-6 - 60. Propoxyethyl chloride 42149-74-6 - 61. 2-Chloroethylacetoacetate 609-15-4 2000 62. Methyl-2-chloropropionate 17639-93-9 - (D) Alkyl Bromides 63. Isopropyl bromide 75-26-3 >2000 64. Butyl bromide 109-65-9 2761 65. Pentyl bromide 110-53-2 1300 66. Hexyl bromide 111-25-1 3300 67. 1,4-Dibromobutane 110-52-1 20 - 68. Cyclopropyl bromide 4333-56-6 - 69. Cyclobutyl bromide 4399-47-7 - 70. Cyclohexyl bromide 108-85-0 4100
(E) Others 71. Chloromethyl Naphthalene 86-52-2 890 72. Chloroacetic Anhydride 541-88-8 - 73. Trimethyl acetic acid 75-98-9 40 900 74. HCl in Isopropanol (IPA.HCl) 7647-01-0/67-63-0 5840/277 75. HCl in Methanol (MeOH.HCl) 132228-87-6 4701 76. 4-Methylbenzoic acid tert-butyl 13756-42-8 - ester 77. 4-Chloromethylbenzoic acid 121579-86-0 - tert-butyl ester
TOTAL 550
LIST OF RAW MATERIAL Sr Product Raw material Quantity Cas No. No. (MT/Month) 1 3-CHLOROMETHYL M-Toluic acid 200 99-04-7 BENZOIC ACID Chlorine 102.94 7782-50-5 EDC 588.24 107-06-2 2 4-CHLOROMETHYL P-Toluic acid 200 99-94-5 BENZOIC ACID Chlorine 102.94 7782-50-5 EDC 588.24 107-06-2 3 Benzotrichloride Toluene 118.56 108-88-3 Chlorine gas 270.62 7782-50-5 4 O-Chlorobenzotri chloride o-chlorotoluene 138.16 95-49-8 Chlorine gas 230.26 7782-50-5 5 p-Chlorobenzotri chloride p-chlorotoluene 138.16 106-43-4 Chlorine gas 230.26 7782-50-5 6 m-Chlorobenzotri chloride m-chlorotoluene 138.16 108-41-8 Chlorine gas 230.26 7782-50-5 7 2,3-Dichlorobenzotri m-chlorotoluene 153.04 108-41-8 chloride Chlorine gas 199.62 7782-50-5 8 2,4-Dichlorobenzotri 2,4-Dichlorotoluene 153.04 95-73-8 chloride Chlorine gas 199.62 7782-50-5 9 2-Chloro-4-Fluorobenzotri 2-Chloro-4- 146.34 452-73-3 chloride Fluorotoluene Chlorine gas 213.41 7782-50-5 10 O-Fluorobenzotri o-Fluorotoluene 129.72 95-52-3 chloride Chlorine gas 247.64 7782-50-5 11 p-Fluorobenzotri chloride p-Fluorotoluene 129.72 352-32-9 Chlorine gas 247.64 7782-50-5 12 Trichloromethoxy Anisole 130.43 100-66-3 benzene Chlorine 253.62 7782-50-5 13 O-CHLOROBENZYL o-Chlorotoluene 196.88 95-49-8 CHLORIDE Chlorine 109.38 7782-50-5 14 2,4-CHLOROBENZYL 2,4-Dichlorotoluene 206.41 95-73-8 CHLORIDE Chlorine 89.74 7782-50-5 15 3-CHLOROPIVALOYL Pivaloyl chloride 196.08 3282-30-2 CHLORIDE Chlorine 114.38 7782-50-5 16 Benzoyl Chloride Benzotrichloride 141.30 98-07-7 Benzoicic acid 88.41 65-85-0 17 Chloroacetyl Chloride benzotrichloride 348.21 98-07-7 Monochloroacetic 167.86 79-11-8 acid 18 2-Ethylhexanoyl Chloride 2-Ethylhexanoic acid 177.78 149-57-5 Thionyl Chloride 146.91 7719-09-7 NaOH 15% solution 333.33 1310-73-2 19 Octanoyl Chloride Octanoic acid 177.78 124-07-2 Thionyl Chloride 146.91 7719-09-7 NaOH 15% solution 333.33 1310-73-2 20 2-CHLOROBENZOYL 2-chlorobenzoic acid 179.31 118-91-2. CHLORIDE Thionyl Chloride 136.78 7719-09-7 15% NaOH Solution 310.34 1310-73-2 21 4-CHLOROBENZOYL 4-chlorobenzoic acid 179.31 74-11-3 CHLORIDE Thionyl Chloride 136.78 7719-09-7 15% NaOH Solution 310.34 1310-73-2 22 3-CHLOROBENZOYL 3-chlorobenzoic acid 179.31 535-80-8 CHLORIDE Thionyl Chloride 136.78 7719-09-7 15% NaOH Solution 310.34 1310-73-2 23 2,3-DICHLOROBENZOYL 2,3-dichlorobenzoic 182.78 50-45-3 CHLORIDE acid Thionyl Chloride 113.88 7719-09-7 15% NaOH Solution 258.37 1310-73-2 24 2,4-DICHLOROBENZOYL 2,4-dichlorobenzoic 182.78 50-84-0 CHLORIDE acid Thionyl Chloride 113.88 7719-09-7 15% NaOH Solution 258.37 1310-73-2 25 2-Chloro-4-Fluorobenzoyl 2-Chloro-4- 233.96 21900-54-9 chloride Fluorobenzoyl chloride 26 2-Fluorobenzoyl Chloride 2-Fluorobenzoic acid 177.22 445-29-4 Thionyl Chloride 150.63 7719-09-7 15% NaOH Solution 341.77 1310-73-2 27 4-Fluorobenzoyl 4-Fluorobenzoic acid 177.22 122-01-0 chloride Thionyl Chloride 150.63 7719-09-7 15% NaOH Solution 341.77 1310-73-2 28 2-Ethoxybenzoyl Chloride 2-Ethoxybenzoic acid 180.43 134-11-2 Thionyl Chloride 129.35 7719-09-7 15% NaOH Solution 293.48 1310-73-2 29 3-Chloromethylbenzoyl 4- 180.85 1642-81-5 (Toluoy) Chloride Chloromethylbenzoic acid Thionyl Chloride 126.60 7719-09-7 15% NaOH Solution 287.23 1310-73-2
30 4-Chloromethylbenzoyl 4- 180.85 1642-81-5 (Toluoy) Chloride Chloromethylbenzoic acid Thionyl Chloride 126.60 7719-09-7 15% NaOH Solution 287.23 1310-73-2 31 2-Methylbenzoyl chloride 2-methylbenzoic acid 176.62 118-90-1 Thionyl Chloride 154.55 7719-09-7 15% NaOH Solution 350.65 1310-73-2 32 4-Methylbenzoyl Chloride 4-methylbenzoic acid 176.62 99-94-5 Thionyl Chloride 154.55 7719-09-7 15% NaOH Solution 350.65 1310-73-2 33 4-Methoxybenzoyl 4-methoxybenzoic 178.82 99-94-5 chloride acid Thionyl Chloride 140 7719-09-7 15% NaOH Solution 317.65 1310-73-2 34 (A) n-BUTYRYL CHLORIDE benzotrichloride 367.92 98-07-7 butyric acid 166.04 107-92-6 (B) n-Butyryl chloride Butyric acid 164.49 107-92-6 Thionyl chloride 222.43 7719-09-7 NaOH 15% solution 504.67 1310-73-2 35 Isobutyryl Chloride Isobutyric acid 164.49 79-31-2 Thionyl chloride 222.43 7719-09-7 NaOH 15% solution 504.67 1310-73-2 36 4-Chlorobutyryl Chloride gamma- 122.86 96-48-0 butyrolactone thionyl chloride 170 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 385.71 1310-73-2 37 (A)PROPIONYL CHLORIDE Pripionic Acid 160.87 79-09-4 benzotrichloride 423.91 98-07-7 (B)PROPIONYL CHLORIDE Pripionic Acid 159.14 79-09-4 thionyl chloride 255.91 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 580.65 1310-73-2 38 2-CHLOROPROPIONYL 2-chloropropionic 171.65 29617-66-1 CHLORIDE acid benzotrichloride 307.09 98-07-7 39 3-CHLOROPROPIONYL HCL g 66.67 7647-01-0 CHLORIDE Acrylic acid 133.33 79-10-7 3-chloropropionic 171.43 107-94-8 acid Thionyl Chloride 188.89 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 428.57 1310-73-2 40 VALERYL CHLORIDE Valeric acid 168.60 109-52-4 Thionyl Chloride 196.69 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 446.28 1310-73-2 41 5-Chlorovaleryl Chloride Delta-valerolactone 129.87 542-28-9 thionyl chloride 154.55 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 350.65 1310-73-2 42 Isovaleryl chloride Isovaleric acid 168.60 503-74-2 Thionyl Chloride 196.69 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 446.28 1310-73-2 43 Heptanoyl chloride Heptanoic acid 174.50 111-14-8 Thionyl Chloride 159.73 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 362.42 1310-73-2 44 Hexanoyl chloride Hexanoic acid 171.85 142-62-1 Thionyl Chloride 176.30 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 400 1310-73-2 45 Isophthaloyl Chloride Isophthalic acid 162.75 121-91-5 Thionyl Chloride 233.33 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 529.41 1310-73-2 46 Cyclopropane carbonyl Cyclopropane 163.81 1759-53-1 chloride carboxylic Thionyl Chloride 226.67 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 514.29 1310-73-2 47 Cyclobutane carbonyl Cyclopropane 168.07 1759-53-1 chloride carboxylic Thionyl Chloride 200 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 453.78 1310-73-2 48 Cyclohexane carbonyl Cyclohexane 174.15 98-89-5 chloride carboxylic acid Thionyl Chloride 161.90 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 367.35 1310-73-2 49 2-Furoyl chloride 2-Furoic acid 170.99 88-14-2 Thionyl Chloride 181.68 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 412.21 1310-73-2 50 2-Thiophene carbonyl 2-Thiophene 174.15 527-72-0 chloride carboxylic acid Thionyl Chloride 161.90 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 367.35 1310-73-2 51 (A)Trimethylacetyl Pivalic acid 168.60 75-98-9 (Pivaloyl) chloride Thionyl Chloride 196.69 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 446.28 1310-73-2 (B) PIVALOYL CHLORIDE Pivalic acid 170 75-98-9 benzotrichloride 325 98-07-7 52 n-Propyl Chloride n-propanol 32.00 71-23-8 Thionyl chloride 63.47 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 144 1310-73-2 53 n-BUTYL CHLORIDE n-butanol 31.83 71-36-3 Thionyl chloride 51.18 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 116.13 1310-73-2 54 ISOBUTYL CHLORIDE Isobutanol 31.83 78-83-1 Thionyl Chloride 51.18 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 116.13 1310-73-2 55 n-Pentyl Chloride n-Pentanol 32.90 71-41-0 Thionyl Chloride 44.49 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 100.93 1310-73-2 56 n-Hexyl Chloride n-Hexanol 33.72 111-27-3 Thionyl Chloride 39.34 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 89.26 1310-73-2 57 n-Heptyl Chloride n-Heptanol 34.37 111-70-6 Thionyl Chloride 35.26 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 80 1310-73-2 58 n-Octyl chloride n-Octanol 34.90 111-87-5 Thionyl Chloride 31.95 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 72.48 1310-73-2 59 2-Ethyl hexyl (Isooctyl) n- Isooctanol 34.90 1653-40-3 chloride Thionyl Chloride 31.95 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 72.48 1310-73-2 60 Propoxyethyl chloride Propoxy ethanol 33.82 2807-30-9 Thionyl Chloride 38.70 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 87.80 1310-73-2 61 2- Ethylacetoacetate 31.71 141-97-9 Chloroethylacetoacetate Salfuryl Chloride 32.93 7791-25-5 15% NaOH solution 65.85 1310-73-2 62 Methyl-2- Methyl-2- 33.77 547-64-8 chloropropionate hydroxypropionate Thionyl Chloride 39.02 7719-09-7 15% NaOH solution 88.52 1310-73-2 63 Isopropyl Bromide Isopropanol 9.76 67-63-0 48% Hydrobromic 26.99 10035-10-6 acid 64 Butyl Bromide Butanol 10.80 71-36-3 48% Hydrobromic 24.23 10035-10-6 acid 65 Pantyl Bromide Pantanol 11.66 71-41-0 48% Hydrobromic 21.99 10035-10-6 acid 66 Hexyl Bromide n- Hexanol 12.36 111-27-3 48% Hydrobromic 20.12 10035-10-6 acid 67 1,4-Dibromobutane 1,4-Butanediol 8.37 110-63-4 48% Hydrobromic 30.88 10035-10-6 acid 68 Cyclopropyl Bromide Cyclopropanol 9.59 16545-68-9 48% Hydrobromic 27.44 10035-10-6 acid 69 Cyclobutyl Bromide Cyclobutanol 10.67 2919-23-5 48% Hydrobromic 24.59 10035-10-6 acid 70 Cyclohexyl Bromide Cyclohexanol 12.27 108-93-0. 48% Hydrobromic 20.37 10035-10-6 acid 71 CHLOROMETHYL naphthalne 29.09 91-20-3. NAPHTLALENE 35% HCL 87.27 7647-01-0 Paraformaldehde 7.27 30525-89-4 72 Chloroacetic anhydride Chloroacetic acid 22.12 79-11-8 Chloroacetyl chloride 26.59 79-04-9 73 Trimethylacetic acid Crude 42.11 75-98-9 Trimethylacetic acid 74 HCL in Isopropanol Isopropanol 32.00 67-63-0 (IPA.HCL) Hydrochloric acid gas 8.00 7647-01-0 75 HCL in Methanol Methanol 32.00 67-56-1 (MeOH.HCL) Hydrochloric acid gas 8.00 7647-01-0 76 4-Methylbenzoic acid 4-Methylbenzoyl 32.42 104-82-5 tert-butyl ester chloride Tert-butanol 31.58 75-65-0 77 4-Chloromethylbenzoic 4- 33.60 876-08-4 acid tert-butyl ester Chloromethylbenzoyl chloride Tert-butanol 26.67 75-65-0
ANNEXURE-II PLANT LAYOUT
ANNEXURE-III MANUFACTURING PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Proposed Product: MANUFACTURING PROCESS DETAILS: A brief of the process with chemical reaction and flow chart with material balance for each of the product is given below.
1. 3-CHLOROMETHYL BENZOIC ACID
Brief process: In glass lined reactor M-Toluic acid and ethylene dichloride was mixed and temperature increased to 70 0C. Chlorine gas was passed to it. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water. After completion of reaction whole mass was centrifuged to obtain wet cake of 3-chloromethylbenzoic acid. EDC was distilled and reused to next batch reaction process and wet cake was dried to give 3-chloromethylbenzoic acid. Reaction formula: O O EDC, Cl2 gas OH + Cl OH + HCl g
hydrochloric acid M-Toluic acid 3-chloromethylbenzoic acid
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Water 84 kg Chlorine 70 Kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber M-Toluic acid Glass lined 120 kg 136 kg reactor
EDC 400 kg
EDC EDC 395 kg for reuse Filter Distillation Residue 5 kg
Drying 3-chloromethylbenzoic acid 170 kg
Input KG Output KG M-Toluic acid 136 3-Chloromethyl Benzoic Acid 170 Water 84 Residue 5 Chlorine 70 30 % HCL Solution 120 EDC 400 EDC Reuse 395 Total 690 Total 690 2. 4-CHLOROMETHYL BENZOIC ACID
Brief process: In glass lined reactor P-Toluic acid and ethylene dichloride was mixed and temperature inceeased to 70 0C. Chlorine gas was passed to it. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water. After completion of reaction whole mass was centrifuged to obtain wet cake of 4-chloromethylbenzoic acid. EDC was distilled and reused to next batch reaction process and wet cake was dried to give 4-chloromethylbenzoic acid. Reaction formula: O O HCl g EDC, Cl2 gas + OH + OH Cl hydrochloric acid
P-Toluic acid 4-chloromethylbenzoic acid
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Water 84 kg Chlorine 70 Kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg P-Toluic acid Glass lined 136 kg reactor
EDC 400 kg
EDC EDC 395 kg for reuse Filter Distillation Residue 5 kg
Drying 4-chloromethylbenzoic acid 170kg
Input KG Output KG P-Toluic acid 136 4-Chloromethyl 170 Benzoic Acid
Water 84 Residue 5 Chlorine 70 30 % HCL Solution 120 EDC 400 EDC Reuse 395 Total 690 Total 690
3. BENZOTRI CHLORIDE
Brief process:
Chlorine gas will be continuously passed in boiling toluene in presence of Ultra Violet light for 14 hrs. This Process will result in benzotrichloride and dry Hydrochloric Acid (gas). After testing benzotrichloride will be stored and HCL acid 30% will be collected through scrubber and stored in tank which will be sold.
Reaction Formula:
Cl Cl 3 Cl 3 HCl + 2 gas Cl + Chemical Formula: Cl Toluene 2 Chemical Formula: ClH Molecular Weight: 70.91 Benzotrichloride Molecular Weight: 36.46 Chemical Formula: C7H8 Chemical Formula: C7H5Cl3 Molecular Weight: 92.14 Molecular Weight: 195.47
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Chlorine gas Water 210 kg 252kg HCl g 108 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 360 kg Toluene Glass lined 92 kg reactor
benzotri chloride 194 kg
Input KG Output KG Toluene 92 Benzotrichloride 194 Chlorine gas 210 30% HCL solution 360 Water 252
Total 588 Total 588
4. O-Chlorobenzotri chloride
Brief process:
Chlorine gas will be continuously passed in boiling o-chlorotoluene in presence of Ultra Violet light for 14 hrs. This Process will result in o-Chlorobenzotrichloride and dry Hydrochloric Acid (gas). After testing o-Chlorobenzotrichloride will be stored and HCL acid 30% will be collected through scrubber and stored in tank which will be sold.
Reaction Formula: Cl Cl Cl Cl 3 Cl gas 3 HCl + 2 Cl + Chemical Formula: Cl2 Chemical Formula: ClH o-Chloro toluene Molecular Weight: 70.91 o-Chlorobenzotri chloride Molecular Weight: 36.46 Chemical Formula: Chemical Formula: C7H4Cl4 C7H7Cl Molecular Weight: 229.92 Molecular Weight: 126.58
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Chlorine gas Water 210 kg 252kg
HCl g 108 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 360 kg o-Chloro toluene Glass lined 126 kg reactor
o-Chlorobenzotri chloride 228 kg
Input KG Output KG o-chlorotoluene 126 O-Chlorobenzotrichloride 228 Chlorine gas 210 30% HCL solution 360 Water 252
Total 588 Total 588
5. p-Chlorobenzotri chloride
Brief process:
Chlorine gas will be continuously passed in boiling p-chlorotoluene in presence of Ultra Violet light for 14 hrs. This Process will result in p-Chlorobenzotrichloride and dry Hydrochloric Acid (gas). After testing p-Chlorobenzotrichloride will be stored and HCL acid 30% will be collected through scrubber and stored in tank which will be sold.
Reaction Formula:
Cl Cl 3 Cl gas 3 HCl + 2 Cl + Cl Chemical Formula: Cl2 Cl Chemical Formula: ClH p-Chloro toluene Molecular Weight: 70.91 Molecular Weight: 36.46 p-Chlorobenzotri chloride Chemical Formula: Chemical Formula: C7H4Cl4 C7H7Cl Molecular Weight: 229.92 Molecular Weight: 126.58
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Chlorine gas Water 210 kg 252 kg
HCl g 108 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 360 kg p-Chloro toluene Glass lined 126 kg reactor
p-Chlorobenzotri chloride 228 kg
Input KG Output KG p-chlorotoluene 126 P-Chlorobenzotrichloride 228 Chlorine gas 210 30% HCL solution 360 Water 252
Total 588 Total 588
6. m-Chlorobenzotri chloride
Brief process:
Chlorine gas will be continuously passed in boiling m-chlorotoluene in presence of Ultra Violet light for 14 hrs. This Process will result in m-Chlorobenzotrichloride and dry Hydrochloric Acid (gas). After testing m-Chlorobenzotrichloride will be stored and HCL acid 30% will be collected through scrubber and stored in tank which will be sold.
Reaction Formula:
Cl Cl Cl 3 Cl gas Cl 3 HCl + 2 Cl + Chemical Formula: Cl2 Chemical Formula: ClH m-Chloro toluene Molecular Weight: 70.91 Molecular Weight: 36.46 m-Chlorobenzotri chloride Chemical Formula: Chemical Formula: C7H4Cl4 C7H7Cl Molecular Weight: 229.92 Molecular Weight: 126.58
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Chlorine gas Water 210 kg 252 kg
HCl g 108 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 360 kg m-Chloro toluene Glass lined 126 kg reactor
m-Chlorobenzotri chloride 228 kg
Input KG Output KG m-chlorotoluene 126 m-Chlorobenzotrichloride 228 Chlorine gas 210 30% HCL solution 360 Water 252
Total 588 Total 588 7. 2,3-Dichlorobenzotri chloride
Brief process:
Chlorine gas will be continuously passed in boiling 2,3-Dichlorotoluene in presence of Ultra Violet light for 14 hrs. This Process will result in 2,3-Dhlorobenzotrichloride and dry Hydrochloric Acid (gas). After testing 2,3-Dhlorobenzotrichloride will be stored and HCL acid 30% will be collected through scrubber and stored in tank which will be sold.
Reaction Formula:
Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl 3 Cl gas Cl 3 HCl + 2 Cl + Chemical Formula: Cl2 Chemical Formula: ClH 2,3-Dichloro toluene Molecular Weight: 70.91 Molecular Weight: 36.46 2,3-Dichlorobenzotri chloride Chemical Formula: Chemical Formula: C7H3Cl5 C7H6Cl2 Molecular Weight: 264.36 Molecular Weight: 161.03
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Chlorine gas Water 210 kg 252 kg
HCl g 108 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 360 kg 2,3-Dichloro toluene Glass lined 161 kg reactor
2,3-Dichlorobenzotri chloride 263 kg
Input KG Output KG m-chlorotoluene 161 m-Chlorobenzotrichloride 263 Chlorine gas 210 30% HCL solution 360 Water 252
Total 623 Total 623 8. 2,4-Dichlorobenzotri chloride
Brief process:
Chlorine gas will be continuously passed in boiling 2,4-Dichlorotoluene in presence of Ultra Violet light for 14 hrs. This Process will result in 2,4-Dhlorobenzotrichloride and dry Hydrochloric Acid (gas). After testing 2,4-Dhlorobenzotrichloride will be stored and HCL acid 30% will be collected through scrubber and stored in tank which will be sold.
Reaction Formula: Cl Cl Cl Cl 3 Cl gas 3 HCl + 2 Cl + Cl Chemical Formula: Cl2 Cl Chemical Formula: ClH 2,4-Dichloro toluene Molecular Weight: 70.91 Molecular Weight: 36.46 2,4-Dichlorobenzotri chloride Chemical Formula: Chemical Formula: C7H3Cl5 C7H6Cl2 Molecular Weight: 264.36 Molecular Weight: 161.03
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Chlorine gas Water 210 kg 252 kg
HCl g 108 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 360 kg 2,4-Dichloro toluene Glass lined 161 kg reactor
2,4-Dichlorobenzotri chloride 263 kg
Input KG Output KG 2,4-Dichlorotoluene 161 2,4-Dhlorobenzotrichloride 263 Chlorine gas 210 30% HCL solution 360 Water 252
Total 623 Total 623 9. 2-Chloro-4-Fluorobenzotri chloride
Brief process:
Chlorine gas will be continuously passed in boiling 2-Chloro-4-Fluorotoluene in presence of Ultra Violet light for 14 hrs. This Process will result in 2-Chloro-4-Fluorobenzotrichloride and dry Hydrochloric Acid (gas). After testing 2-Chloro-4-Fluorobenzotrichloride will be stored and HCL acid 30% will be collected through scrubber and stored in tank which will be sold.
Reaction Formula:
Cl Cl Cl Cl 3 Cl gas 3 HCl + 2 Cl + F Chemical Formula: Cl2 Chemical Formula: ClH 2-Chloro-4-Fluoro toluene F Molecular Weight: 70.91 Molecular Weight: 36.46 2-Chloro-4-Fluorobenzotri chloride Chemical Formula: Chemical Formula: C7H3Cl4F C7H6ClF Molecular Weight: 247.91 Molecular Weight: 144.57
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Chlorine gas Water 210 kg 252 kg
HCl g 108 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 360 kg 2-Chloro-4-Fluoro Glass lined toluene reactor 144 kg
2-Chloro-4-Fluorobenzotri chloride 246 kg
Input KG Output KG 2-Chloro-4- 144 2-Chloro-4- 246 Fluorotoluene Fluorobenzotrichloride Chlorine gas 210 30% HCL solution 360 Water 252
Total 606 Total 606 10. O-Fluorobenzotri chloride
Brief process:
Chlorine gas will be continuously passed in boiling o-Fluorotoluene in presence of Ultra Violet light for 14 hrs. This Process will result in o-Fluorobenzotrichloride and dry Hydrochloric Acid (gas). After testing o-Fluorobenzotrichloride will be stored and HCL acid 30% will be collected through scrubber and stored in tank which will be sold.
Reaction Formula:
F F Cl Cl 3 Cl 3 HCl + 2 gas Cl + Chemical Formula: Cl o-Fluoro toluene 2 Chemical Formula: ClH Molecular Weight: 70.91 o-Fluorobenzotri chloride Molecular Weight: 36.46 Chemical Formula: C7H7F Chemical Formula: C H Cl F Molecular Weight: 110.13 7 4 3 Molecular Weight: 213.46
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Chlorine gas Water 210 kg 252 kg
HCl g 108 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 360 kg o-Fluoro toluene Glass lined 110 kg reactor
o-Fluorobenzotri chloride 212 kg
Input KG Output KG o-Fluorotoluene 110 o-Fluorobenzotrichloride 212 Chlorine gas 210 30% HCL solution 360 Water 252
Total 572 Total 572
11. p-Fluorobenzotri chloride
Brief process:
Chlorine gas will be continuously passed in boiling p-Fluorotoluene in presence of Ultra Violet light for 14 hrs. This Process will result in p-Fluorobenzotrichloride and dry Hydrochloric Acid (gas). After testing p-Fluorobenzotrichloride will be stored and HCL acid 30% will be collected through scrubber and stored in tank which will be sold.
Reaction Formula:
Cl Cl 3 Cl 3 HCl + 2 gas Cl + F Chemical Formula: Cl2 F Chemical Formula: ClH p-Fluoro toluene Molecular Weight: 70.91 Molecular Weight: 36.46 p-Fluorobenzotri chloride Chemical Formula: C7H7F Chemical Formula: C H Cl F Molecular Weight: 110.13 7 4 3 Molecular Weight: 213.46
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Chlorine gas Water 210 kg 252 kg
HCl g 108 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 360 kg p-Fluoro toluene Glass lined 110 kg reactor
p-Fluorobenzotri chloride 212 kg
Input KG Output KG p-Fluorotoluene 110 p-Fluorobenzotrichloride 212 Chlorine gas 210 30% HCL solution 360 Water 252
Total 572 Total 572 12. Trichloromethoxy benzene
Brief process:
In MSGLR, Anisole was charged and heated up to 100 0C. Chlorine gas was continuously passed to it in presence of Ultra Violet light for 10-13 hrs. Dry Hydrochloric acid will be scrubbed by water and will be sold out. After completion of reaction Trichloromethoxy benzene was purified by vaccum distillation.
Reaction formula:
Cl Cl O O Cl 3 HCl + 3 Cl2 +
Anisole Chlorine Hydrochloric acid Trichloromethoxy benzene Chemical Formula: C7H8O Molecular Weight: 70.91 Molecular Weight: 36.46 Molecular Weight: 108.14 Chemical Formula: C7H5Cl3O Molecular Weight: 211.47
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Water Chlorine 210 kg 252 kg HCl g Anisole 108 kg 30% HCl solution 108 kg MSGLR Scrubber 360 kg
Residue 3 kg
Trichloromethoxy benzene 207 kg
Input KG Output KG Anisole 108 Trichloromethoxy benzene 207 Chlorine 210 HCL 30% 360 Water 252 Residue 3 Total 570 Total 570
13. O-CHLOROBENZYL CHLORIDE
Brief process:
Chlorine gas will be continuously passed in boiling o-chlorotoluene in presence of Ultra Violet light for 10 hrs. This Process will result in Benzyl chloride. Dry Hydrochloric acid will be scrubbed by water and will be sold out. And benzyl chloride will be purified by distillation.
Reaction formula:
Cl CH3 Cl Cl HCl + Cl2 +
Chlorine Hydrochloric acid o-Chlorobenzyl chloride o-Chloro toluene Molecular Weight: 70.91 Molecular Weight: 126.58 Molecular Weight: 161.03 Molecular Weight: 36.46
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Water Chlorine 70 kg 84 kg HCl g o-Chloro 36 kg 30% HCl solution toluene MSGLR Scrubber 120 kg 126 kg
o-Chlorobenzyl chloride 160 kg
Input KG Output KG o-Chlorotoluene 126 o-Chlorobenzyl 160 Chloride Chlorine 70 HCL 30% 120 Water 84 Total 280 Total 280
14. 2,4-CHLOROBENZYL CHLORIDE
Brief process:
Chlorine gas will be continuously passed in boiling 2,4-Dichlorotoluene in presence of Ultra Violet light for 10 hrs. This Process will result in crude 2,4-Dichlorobenzyl chloride. Dry Hydrochloric acid will be scrubbed by water and will be sold out. And 2,4-Dichlorobenzyl chloride will be purified by distillation.
Reaction formula:
Cl Cl Cl HCl + 2 gas Cl + Cl Chemical Formula: Cl2 Cl Chemical Formula: ClH 2,4-Dichloro toluene Molecular Weight: 70.91 Molecular Weight: 36.46 2,4-Dichlorobenzyl chloride Chemical Formula: Chemical Formula: C7H5Cl3 C7H6Cl2 Molecular Weight: 195.47 Molecular Weight: 161.03
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Water Chlorine 70 kg 84 kg HCl g 2,4-Dichloro 36 kg 30% HCl solution toluene MSGLR Scrubber 120 kg 161 kg
2,4-Dichlorobenzyl chloride 195 kg
Input KG Output KG 2,4-Dichlorotoluene 161 2,4-Dichlorobenzyl Chloride 195 Chlorine 70 HCL 30% 120 Water 84 Total 315 Total 315
15. 3-CHLOROPIVALOYL CHLORIDE
Brief process:
Chlorine gas will be continuously passed in boiling pivaloyl chloride in presence of Ultra Violet light for 10 hrs. This Process will result in 3-Chloropivaloyl chloride. Dry Hydrochloric acid will be scrubbed by water and will be sold out. And 3-Chloropivaloyl chloride will be purified by distillation.
Reaction formula:
O O Cl + HCl Cl + 2 Cl Cl
Chlorine Hydrochloric acid Pivaloyl chloride 3-Chloropivaloyl chloride Molecular Weight: 70.91 Molecular Weight: 36.46 Molecular Weight: 120 Molecular Weight: 155
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Water Chlorine 70 kg 84 kg HCl g Pivaloyl 36 kg chloride MSGLR Scrubber 30% HCl solution 120 kg 120 kg
3-Chloropivaloyl Residue 1 kg chloride153 kg
Input KG Output KG Pivaloyl chloride 120 3-Chloropivaloyl chloride 153 Chlorine 70 HCL 30% 120 Water 84 Residue 1 Total 274 Total 274 16. Benzoyl Chloride
Brief process:
In SS-316 reactor benzotrichloride and benzoic acid was mixed and heated slowly to 80 0C. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water then after completion of reaction benzoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
Cl Cl O Cl Cl O + OH HCl g + 2
Hydrochloric acid Benzotrichloride Benzoicic acid benzoyl chloride Chemical Formula: C H Cl Chemical Formula: C H O 7 5 3 7 6 2 Chemical Formula: C7H5ClO Molecular Weight: 195.47 Molecular Weight: 122.12 Molecular Weight: 140.57
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Water 84 kg HCl g Benzotrichloride 36 kg 30% HCl solution 195 kg Scrubber 120 kg Stainless steel Benzoic acid reactor 122 kgs Residue 5 kg
Benzoyl chloride 276kg
Input KG Output KG Benzotrichloride 195 benzoyl chloride 276 Benzoicic acid 122 Residue 5 Water 84 30% HCL solution 120 Total 401 Total 401
17. Chloroacetyl Chloride
Brief process:
In SS-316 reactor benzotrichloride and Monochloroacetic acid was mixed and heated slowly to 80 0C. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water then after completion of reaction Chloroacetyl chloride was distilled at simple distillation and benzoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
Cl Cl O Cl Cl O O + HCl g Cl Cl + + OH Cl Hydrochloric acid Monochloroacetic acid Chloroacetyl chloride benzoyl chloride Benzotrichloride Chemical Formula: C2H3ClO2 Chemical Formula: C H Cl O Chemical Formula: C H ClO Chemical Formula: 2 2 2 7 5 Molecular Weight: 94.50 Molecular Weight: 112.94 Molecular Weight: 140.57 C7H5Cl3 Molecular Weight: 195.47
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Water 84 kg HCl g Benzotrichloride 36 kg 30% HCl solution 195 kg Scrubber 120 kg Stainless steel Monochloro reactor acetic acid Chloroacetyl chloride 94 kgs 112 kgs
Benzoyl chloride Residue 2 kg 139 kg
Input KG Output KG benzotrichloride 195 benzoyl chloride 139 Monochloroacetic acid 94 Residue 2 Water 84 30% HCL solution 120 Chloroacetyl chloride 112 Total 373 Total 373 18. 2-Ethylhexanoyl Chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor 2-Ethylhexanoic acid was charges and thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. After completion of addition of thionyl chloride temperature was raised to 100 degree. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 2-Ethylhexanoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
O O + SOCl2 Cl + SO2 + HCl g OH thionyl chloride sulphur dioxide hydrochloric acid 2-Ethylhexanoyl Chemical Formula: O S 2-Ethylhexanoic acid Chemical Formula: Cl OS chloride 2 Molecular 2 Molecular Weight: 64.06 Molecular Weight: 118.97 Chemical Weight: 36.46 Chemical Formula: C H O 8 16 2 Formula: C8H15ClO Molecular Weight: 144.21 Molecular Weight: 162.66
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg 2-Ethylhexanoic Glass lined acid reactor 144 kg SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
Residue 30% NaHSO3 Solution 2-Ethylhexanoyl 1 kg 334 kg chloride 162 kg
Input KG Output KG 2-Ethylhexanoic acid 144 2-Ethylhexanoyl chloride 162 Thionyl Chloride 119 30% HCL 120
Water 84 NaHSO 3 solution 334 NaOH 15% solution 270 Residue 1
Total 617 Total 617 19. Octanoyl Chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor Octanoic acid was charges and thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. After completion of addition of thionyl chloride temperature was raised to 100 degree. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction Octanoyl chloride was distilled by vacuum distillation.
Reaction formula:
O O + SOCl2 + SO2 + HCl g OH Cl thionyl chloride sulphur dioxide hydrochloric acid Octanoyl Chemical Formula: O2S Octanoic acid Chemical Formula: Cl2OS chloride Molecular Molecular Weight: 64.06 Molecular Weight: 118.97 Chemical Weight: 36.46 Chemical Formula: C H O 8 16 2 Formula: C8H15ClO Molecular Weight: 144.21 Molecular Weight: 162.66
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Octanoic Glass lined acid reactor 144 kg SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
Residue 30% NaHSO3 Solution Octanoyl 1 kg 334 kg chloride 162 kg
Input KG Output KG Octanoic acid 144 Octanoyl chloride 162 Thionyl Chloride 119 30% HCL 120 Water 84 NaHSO 3 solution 334 NaOH 15% solution 270 Residue 1
Total 617 Total 617
20. 2-CHLOROBENZOYL CHLORIDE
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a 2-chlorobenzoic acid, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride was distilled by vacuum distillation.
Reaction formula:
Cl O Cl O SO + SOCl + 2 OH 2 Cl + HCl g sulphur dioxide thionyl chloride hydrochloric acid 2-chlorobenzoic acid 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride Chemical Formula: O2S Chemical Formula: ClH Chemical Formula: Chemical Formula: Cl OS Molecular Weight: 64.06 2 Chemical Formula: C H Cl O Molecular Weight: 36.46 C H ClO Molecular Weight: 118.97 7 4 2 7 5 2 Molecular Weight: 175.01 Molecular Weight: 156.57
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg 2-chlorobenzoic acid Glass lined 156 kg reactor SO g 2 15% NaOH solution 64 kg Scrubber 270 kg
Residue 30% NaHSO3 Solution 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride 1 kg 334 kg 174 kg
Input KG Output KG 2-chlorobenzoic acid 156 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride 174 Thionyl Chloride 119 Residue 1 Water 84 30% HCL solution 120 15% NaOH Solution 270 30% NaHSO3 334 Total 629 Total 629
21. 4-CHLOROBENZOYL CHLORIDE
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a 4-chlorobenzoic acid, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride was distilled by vacuum distillation.
Reaction formula:
O O + SO + SOCl2 2 OH Cl + HCl g sulphur dioxide Cl thionyl chloride Cl hydrochloric acid 4-chlorobenzoic acid 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride Chemical Formula: O2S Chemical Formula: ClH Chemical Formula: Chemical Formula: Cl OS Molecular Weight: 64.06 2 Chemical Formula: C H Cl O Molecular Weight: 36.46 C H ClO Molecular Weight: 118.97 7 4 2 7 5 2 Molecular Weight: 175.01 Molecular Weight: 156.57
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg 4-chlorobenzoic acid Glass lined 156 kg reactor SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
Residue 30% NaHSO3 Solution 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride 1 kg 334 kg 174 kg
Input KG Output KG 4-chlorobenzoic acid 156 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride 174 Thionyl Chloride 119 Residue 1 Water 84 30% HCL solution 120 15% NaOH Solution 270 30% NaHSO3 334 Total 629 Total 629
22. 3-CHLOROBENZOYL CHLORIDE
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a 3-chlorobenzoic acid, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 3-chlorobenzoyl chloride was distilled by vacuum distillation.
Reaction formula:
O O + SO2 Cl + SOCl2 Cl OH Cl + HCl g sulphur dioxide thionyl chloride hydrochloric acid 3-chlorobenzoic acid 3-chlorobenzoyl chloride Chemical Formula: O2S Chemical Formula: ClH Chemical Formula: Chemical Formula: Cl OS Molecular Weight: 64.06 2 Chemical Formula: C H Cl O Molecular Weight: 36.46 C H ClO Molecular Weight: 118.97 7 4 2 7 5 2 Molecular Weight: 175.01 Molecular Weight: 156.57
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg 3-chlorobenzoic acid Glass lined 156 kg reactor SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
Residue 30% NaHSO3 Solution 3-chlorobenzoyl chloride 1 kg 334 kg 174 kg
Input KG Output KG 3-chlorobenzoic acid 156 3-chlorobenzoyl chloride 174 Thionyl Chloride 119 Residue 1 Water 84 30% HCL solution 120 15% NaOH Solution 270 30% NaHSO3 334 Total 629 Total 629
23. 2,3-DICHLOROBENZOYL CHLORIDE
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a 2,3-dichlorobenzoic acid, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 2,3-chlorobenzoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
Cl O Cl O SO Cl + SOCl Cl + 2 OH 2 Cl + HCl g sulphur dioxide thionyl chloride hydrochloric acid 2,3-dichlorobenzoic 2,3-dichlorobenzoyl chloride Chemical Formula: O2S Chemical Formula: ClH acid Chemical Formula: Cl OS Molecular Weight: 64.06 2 Chemical Formula: C H Cl O Molecular Weight: 36.46 Molecular Weight: 118.97 7 3 3 Chemical Formula: Molecular Weight: 209.46 C7H4Cl2O2 Molecular Weight: 191.01
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg 2,3-dichlorobenzoic acid Glass lined 191 kg reactor SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
Residue 30% NaHSO3 Solution 2,3-dichlorobenzoyl chloride 1 kg 334 kg 209 kg
Input KG Output KG 2,3-dichlorobenzoic acid 191 2,3-chlorobenzoyl chloride 209 Thionyl Chloride 119 Residue 1 Water 84 30% HCL solution 120 15% NaOH Solution 270 30% NaHSO3 334 Total 664 Total 664
24. 2,4-DICHLOROBENZOYL CHLORIDE
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 2,4-chlorobenzoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
Cl O Cl O SO + SOCl + 2 OH 2 Cl + HCl g sulphur dioxide Cl thionyl chloride Cl hydrochloric acid 2,4-dichlorobenzoic 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride Chemical Formula: O2S Chemical Formula: ClH acid Chemical Formula: Cl OS Molecular Weight: 64.06 2 Chemical Formula: C H Cl O Molecular Weight: 36.46 Molecular Weight: 118.97 7 3 3 Chemical Formula: Molecular Weight: 209.46 C7H4Cl2O2 Molecular Weight: 191.01
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid Glass lined 191 kg reactor SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
Residue 30% NaHSO3 Solution 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride 1 kg 334 kg 209 kg
Input KG Output KG 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid 191 2,4-chlorobenzoyl chloride 209 Thionyl Chloride 119 Residue 1 Water 84 30% HCL solution 120 15% NaOH Solution 270 30% NaHSO3 334 Total 664 Total 664 25. 2-Chloro-4-Fluorobenzoyl chloride
Brief process:
2-Chloro-4-Fluorobenzotrichloride is reacted with water at 60 - 80 0C for 14 hrs. This Process will result in 2-Chloro-4-Fluorobenzoyl chloride and dry Hydrochloric Acid (gas). After testing 2- Chloro-4-Fluorobenzoyl chloride will be stored and HCL acid 30% will be collected through scrubber and stored in tank which will be sold.
Reaction Formula:
Cl Cl Cl Cl O Cl 2 H O 2 HCl + 2 gas Cl + F Chemical Formula: H2O Chemical Formula: ClH 2-Chloro-4-Fluorobenzotri F Molecular Weight: 18.02 Molecular Weight: 36.46 chloride 2-Chloro-4-Fluorobenzoylchloride Chemical Formula: C7H3Cl4F Chemical Formula: C7H3Cl2FO Molecular Weight: 247.91 Molecular Weight: 193.00
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Water 36 kg Water 168 kg
HCl g 72 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 240 kg 2-Chloro-4- Glass lined Fluorobenzotri reactor chloride 248 kg
2-Chloro-4-Fluorobenzoylchloride 212 kg
Input KG Output KG 2-Chloro-4-Fluorobenzoyl chloride 248 2-Chloro-4-Fluorobenzoyl chloride 212 Water 36 30% HCL solution 240 Water 168 Total 452 Total 452
26. 2-Fluorobenzoyl Chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a 2-Fluorobenzoic acid, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 2-Fluorobenzoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
F O F O SO + SOCl + 2 OH 2 Cl + HCl g sulphur dioxide thionyl chloride hydrochloric acid 2-Fluorobenzoic acid 2-Fluorobenzoyl chloride Chemical Formula: O2S Molecular Weight: 64.06 Chemical Formula: ClH Chemical Formula: Chemical Formula: Cl2OS Chemical Formula: C H ClFO Molecular Weight: 36.46 Molecular Weight: 118.97 7 4 C7H5FO2 Molecular Weight: 158.56 Molecular Weight: 140.11
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg 2-Fluorobenzoic acid Glass lined 140 kg reactor SO g 2 15% NaOH solution 64 kg Scrubber 270 kg
Residue 30% NaHSO3 Solution 2-Fluorobenzoyl chloride 1 kg 334 kg 158 kg
Input KG Output KG 2-Fluorobenzoic acid 140 2-Fluorobenzoyl chloride 158 Thionyl Chloride 119 Residue 1 Water 84 30% HCL solution 120 15% NaOH Solution 270 30% NaHSO3 334 Total 613 Total 613
27. 4-Fluorobenzoyl chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a 4-Fluorobenzoic acid, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 4-Fluorobenzoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
O O SO + SOCl + 2 OH 2 Cl + HCl g sulphur dioxide F thionyl chloride F hydrochloric acid 4-Fluorobenzoic 4-Fluorobenzoyl chloride Chemical Formula: O2S Chemical Formula: ClH acid Chemical Formula: Cl OS Molecular Weight: 64.06 Chemical 2 Chemical Formula: C H ClFO Molecular Weight: 36.46 Molecular Weight: 118.97 7 4 Formula: C7H5FO2 Molecular Weight: 158.56 Molecular Weight: 140.11
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg 4-Fluorobenzoic acid Glass lined 140 kg reactor SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
Residue 30% NaHSO3 Solution 4-Fluorobenzoyl chloride 1 kg 334 kg 158kg
Input KG Output KG 4-Fluorobenzoic acid 140 4-Fluorobenzoyl chloride 158 Thionyl Chloride 119 Residue 1 Water 84 30% HCL solution 120 15% NaOH Solution 270 30% NaHSO 3 334 Total 613 Total 613
28. 2-Ethoxybenzoyl Chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a 2-Ethoxybenzoic acid, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 2-Ethoxybenzoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
O O O O SO + SOCl + 2 OH 2 Cl + HCl g sulphur dioxide thionyl chloride hydrochloric 2-Ethoxybenzoic acid 2-Ethoxybenzoyl chloride Chemical Formula: O2S acid Chemical Formula: Cl OS Molecular Weight: 64.06 Chemical Formula: 2 Chemical Formula: C H ClO C H O Molecular Weight: 118.97 9 9 2 Chemical Formula: ClH 9 10 3 Molecular Weight: 184.62 Molecular Weight: Molecular Weight: 36.46 166.17
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Glass lined 2-Ethoxybenzoic acid reactor 166 kg SO g 2 15% NaOH solution 64 kg Scrubber 270 kg
Residue 30% NaHSO3 Solution 2-Ethoxybenzoyl chloride 1 kg 334 kg 184 kg
Input KG Output KG 2-Ethoxybenzoic acid 166 2-Ethoxybenzoyl chloride 184 Thionyl Chloride 119 Residue 1 Water 84 30% HCL solution 120 15% NaOH Solution 270 30% NaHSO3 334 Total 639 Total 639
29. 3-Chloromethylbenzoyl (Toluoy) Chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a 3-Chloromethylbenzoic acid, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 3-Chloromethylbenzoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
O O SO + SOCl + 2 OH 2 Cl + HCl g Cl sulphur dioxide Cl hydrochloric thionyl chloride Chemical Formula: O2S acid 3-Chloromethylbenzoic acid 3-Chloromethylbenzoyl Molecular Weight: 64.06 chloride Chemical Formula: Cl2OS Chemical Formula: Molecular Weight: 118.97 Chemical Formula: C H Cl O Chemical Formula: ClH 8 6 2 Molecular Weight: 36.46 C8H7ClO2 Molecular Weight: 189.04 Molecular Weight: 170.59
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg 3-Chloromethyl Glass lined benzoic acid reactor SO g 170 kg 2 15% NaOH solution 64 kg Scrubber 270 kg
Residue 30% NaHSO3 Solution 3-Chloromethylbenzoyl chloride 1 kg 334 kg 188 kg
Input KG Output KG 4-Chloromethylbenzoic acid 170 4-Chloromethylbenzoyl chloride 188 Thionyl Chloride 119 Residue 1 Water 84 30% HCL solution 120 15% NaOH Solution 270 30% NaHSO3 334 Total 643 Total 643
30. 4-Chloromethylbenzoyl (Toluoy) Chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a 4-Chloromethylbenzoic acid, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 4-Chloromethylbenzoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
O O SO + SOCl + 2 OH 2 Cl + HCl g Cl sulphur dioxide Cl hydrochloric thionyl chloride Chemical Formula: O2S acid 4-Chloromethylbenzoic 4-Chloromethylbenzoyl Molecular Weight: 64.06 acid chloride Chemical Formula: Cl2OS Chemical Formula: Molecular Weight: 118.97 Chemical Formula: C H Cl O Chemical Formula: ClH 8 6 2 Molecular Weight: C8H7ClO2 Molecular Weight: 189.04 Molecular Weight: 36.46 170.59
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg 4- Glass lined Chloromethyl reactor benzoic acid SO g 2 15% NaOH solution 170 kg 64 kg Scrubber 270 kg
Residue 30% NaHSO3 Solution 4-Chloromethylbenzoyl chloride 1 kg 334 kg 188 kg
Input KG Output KG 4-Chloromethylbenzoic acid 170 4-Chloromethylbenzoyl chloride 188 Thionyl Chloride 119 Residue 1 Water 84 30% HCL solution 120 15% NaOH Solution 270 30% NaHSO3 334 Total 643 Total 643
31. 2-Methylbenzoyl chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a 2-methylbenzoic acid, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 2-methylbenzoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
O O SOCl + SO2 OH + 2 HCl g Cl + sulphur dioxide thionyl chloride hydrochloric acid 2-methylbenzoic acid 2-methylbenzoyl chloride Chemical Formula: O S Chemical Formula: Cl OS 2 Chemical Formula: 2 Molecular Weight: 64.06 Molecular Weight: 118.97 Chemical Formula: C8H7ClO Chemical Formula: ClH C8H8O2 Molecular Weight: 154.59 Molecular Weight: 36.46 Molecular Weight: 136.15
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg 2-methylbenzoic acid Glass lined 136 kg reactor SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
Residue 30% NaHSO3 Solution 334 kg 2-methylbenzoyl chloride 1 kg 154 kg
Input KG Output KG 2-methylbenzoic acid 136 2-methylbenzoyl chloride 154 Thionyl Chloride 119 Residue 1 Water 84 30% HCL solution 120 15% NaOH Solution 270 30% NaHSO3 334 Total 609 Total 609 32. 4-Methylbenzoyl Chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a 4-methylbenzoic acid, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 4-methylbenzoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
O O SOCl + SO2 OH + 2 HCl g Cl + sulphur dioxide thionyl chloride hydrochloric acid 4-methylbenzoic acid 4-methylbenzoyl chloride Chemical Formula: O S Chemical Formula: Cl OS 2 Chemical Formula: 2 Molecular Weight: 64.06 Molecular Weight: 118.97 Chemical Formula: C8H7ClO Chemical Formula: ClH C8H8O2 Molecular Weight: 154.59 Molecular Weight: 36.46 Molecular Weight: 136.15
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg 4-methylbenzoic acid Glass lined reactor 136 kg SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
Residue 30% NaHSO3 Solution 4-methylbenzoyl chloride 1 kg 334 kg 154 kg
Input KG Output KG 4-methylbenzoic acid 136 4-methylbenzoyl chloride 154 Thionyl Chloride 119 Residue 1 Water 84 30% HCL solution 120 15% NaOH Solution 270 30% NaHSO3 334 Total 609 Total 609 33. 4-Methoxybenzoyl chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a 4-methoxybenzoic acid, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
O O SO + 2 + HCl g OH + SOCl2 Cl sulphur dioxide O hydrochloric acid O thionyl chloride 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride 4-methoxybenzoic acid Chemical Formula: O2S Chemical Formula: ClH Chemical Formula: Chemical Formula: Cl OS Molecular Weight: 64.06 Molecular Weight: 36.46 2 Chemical Formula: C8H7ClO2 C8H8O3 Molecular Weight: 118.97 Molecular Weight: 170.59 Molecular Weight: 152.15
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg 4-methoxybenzoic acid Glass lined 152 kg reactor SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
Residue 30% NaHSO3 Solution 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride 1 kg 334 kg 170 kg
Input KG Output KG 4-methoxybenzoic acid 152 4-methoxybenzoyl chloride 170 Thionyl Chloride 119 Residue 1 Water 84 30% HCL solution 120 15% NaOH Solution 270 30% NaHSO3 334 Total 625 Total 625
34. (A) n-BUTYRYL CHLORIDE
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor benzotrichloride and butyric acid was mixed and heated slowly to 70 0C. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water then after completion of reaction butyryl chloride was distilled at simple distillation and benzoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
Cl Cl O Cl Cl O O + HCl g + + OH Cl Hydrochloric acid butyric acid butyryl chloride benzoyl chloride Benzotrichloride Chemical Formula: C H ClO Chemical Formula: C H O 4 7 Chemical 4 8 2 Molecular Weight: 106.55 Chemical Formula: C7H5ClO Formula: Molecular Weight: 88.11 Molecular Weight: 140.57 C7H5Cl3 Molecular Weight: 195.47
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Water 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Benzotrichloride Scrubber 120 kg 195 kg Stainless steel reactor Butyric acid Butyryl chloride 88 kgs 106 kgs
Benzoyl chloride Residue 1 kg 140 kg
Input KG Output KG benzotrichloride 195 benzoyl chloride 140 butyric acid 88 Residue 1 Water 84 30% HCL solution 120 butyryl chloride 106 Total 367 Total 367 OR 34. (B) n-Butyryl chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor Butyric acid was charged and thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. After completion of addition of thionyl chloride temperature was raised to 80 degree. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction Buturyl chloride was distilled by simple distillation.
Reaction formula:
O O SOCl2 + SO2 + HCl g + thionyl chloride Cl OH sulphur dioxide Hydrochloric butyric acid butyryl chloride acid Chemical Formula: Chemical Formula: Chemical Chemical Formula: Chemical Formula: Cl OS O2S Formula: ClH C H O 2 C4H7ClO 4 8 2 Molecular Weight: Molecular Weight: Molecular Molecular Weight: Molecular Weight: Weight: 36.46 118.97 64.06 88.11 106.55
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Glass lined butyric acid 88kg reactor SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution butyryl chloride 334 kg 107 kg
Input KG Output KG Butyric acid 88 Butyryl Chloride 107 Thionyl chloride 119 HCL 120 Water 84 NaHSO3 Solution 334 NaOH 15% solution 270 Total 561 Total 561 35. Isobutyryl Chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor benzotrichloride and isobutyric acid was mixed and heated slowly to 80 0C. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water then after completion of reaction isobutytyl chloride was distilled at simple distillation and benzoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
Cl Cl O Cl Cl O O + HCl g + + OH Cl
benzoyl chloride Hydrochloric acid isobutyric acid isobutyryl chloride Benzotrichloride Chemical Formula: C4H8O2 Chemical Formula: C H ClO Chemical Formula: C H ClO Chemical 4 7 7 5 Molecular Weight: 88.11 Molecular Weight: 106.55 Molecular Weight: 140.57 Formula: C7H5Cl3 Molecular Weight: 195.47
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Water 84 kg HCl g Benzotrichloride 36 kg 30% HCl solution 195 kg Scrubber 120 kg Stainless steel Isobutyric acid reactor 88 kgs Isobutyryl chloride 106 kgs Residue Benzoyl chloride 1 kg 140 kg
Input KG Output KG benzotrichloride 195 benzoyl chloride 140 isobutyric acid 88 Residue 1 Water 84 30% HCL solution 120 isobutytyl chloride 106 Total 367 Total 367 35. (B) IsoButyryl chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor Isobutyric acid was charged and thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. After completion of addition of thionyl chloride temperature was raised to 80 degree. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction Isobutyryl chloride was distilled by simple distillation.
Reaction formula:
O O
SOCl2 OH Cl + SO2 + HCl g + thionyl chloride sulphur dioxide Hydrochloric Isobutyric acid Isobutyryl chloride acid Chemical Formula: Chemical Formula: Chemical Formula: Chemical Formula: Chemical Formula: Cl OS O2S ClH C H O 2 C4H7ClO 4 8 2 Molecular Weight: Molecular Weight: Molecular Weight: Molecular Weight: Molecular Weight: 36.46 118.97 64.06 88.11 106.55
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Glass lined Isobutyric acid 88kg reactor SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution Isobutyryl chloride 334 kg 107 kg
Input KG Output KG Isobutyric acid 88 Isobutyryl Chloride 107 Thionyl chloride 119 HCL 120 Water 84 NaHSO3 Solution 334 NaOH 15% solution 270 Total 561 Total 561
36. 4-Chlorobutyryl Chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a gamma-butyrolactone, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 4-chlorobutyryl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
O Cl SO O + SOCl2 Cl + 2 O thionyl chloride sulphur dioxide Gamma-buryrolactone 4-Chlorobutyryl chloride Chemical Formula: Cl OS 2 Chemical Formula: C H Cl O Chemical Formula: C4H6O2 Molecular Weight: 118.97 4 6 2 Chemical Formula: O2S Molecular Weight: 86.09 Molecular Weight: 141.00 Molecular Weight: 64.06
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride 119 kgs
SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg gamma-butyrolactone Glass lined 86 kg reactor 30% NaHSO3 Solution 334 kg Residue 1 kg
4-chlorobutyryl chloride 140 kg
Input KG Output KG gamma-butyrolactone 86 4-chlorobutyryl chloride 140 thionyl chloride 119 Residue 1 15% NaOH solution 270 30% NaHSO3 solution 334
Total 475 Total 475
37. PROPIONYL CHLORIDE
Brief process:
In SS-316 reactor benzotrichloride and propionic acid was mixed and heated slowly to 60 0C. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water then after completion of reaction propionyl chloride was distilled at simple distillation and benzoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
Cl Cl Cl Cl O
OH Cl + + HCl g + O O propionic acid propionyl chloride Hydrochloric acid Benzotrichloride benzoyl chloride Chemical Formula: C H ClO Chemical Chemical Formula: C H O 3 5 3 6 2 Molecular Weight: 92.52 Chemical Formula: C7H5ClO Formula: Molecular Weight: 74.08 Molecular Weight: 140.57 C7H5Cl3 Molecular Weight: 195.47
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Water 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Benzotrichloride Scrubber 120 kg 195 kg Glass lined reactoe Propionic acid 74 kgs Propionyl chloride 92 kgs Residue Benzoyl chloride 1 kg 140 kg
Input KG Output KG Pripionic Acid 74 benzoyl chloride 140 benzotrichloride 195 Residue 1 Water 84 Propionyl Chloride 92 30% HCL Solution 120 Total 353 Total 353
OR (B)PROPIONYL CHLORIDE Brief process:
In glass lined vessel Pripionic Acid will be reacted with Thionyl Chloride by slowly addition. During this reaction hydrochloric acid and sulpher dioxide gas formation will take place, both exhaust gases will be connected with absorber like sodium hydroxide and will also be connected to scrubbing tower to scrubs the gas and neutralized it. After completion of reaction propionyl chloride will be collected by distillation.
Reaction formula:
OH Cl SOCl + 2 + SO2 + HCl g O O Propionic acid thionyl chloride Propionyl chloride sulphur dioxide hydrochloric acid Chemical Chemical Formula: Cl2OS Chemical Formula: C3H5ClO Chemical Formula: O2S Chemical Formula: C3H6O2 Molecular Weight: 118.97 Molecular Weight: 92.52 Molecular Weight: 64.06 Formula: ClH Molecular Weight: Molecular Weight: 74.08 36.46
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Propionic acid Glass lined 74 kg reactor SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution Propionyl chloride 334 kg 93 kg
Input KG Output KG Pripionic Acid 74 propionyl chloride 93 thionyl chloride 119 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 15% NaOH solution 270 30% HCL Solution 120 Water 84 Total 547 Total 547
38. 2-CHLOROPROPIONYL CHLORIDE
Brief process:
In SS-316 reactor benzotrichloride and 2-chloropropionic acid was mixed and heated slowly to 80 0C. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water then after completion of reaction 2-chloropropionyl chloride was distilled at simple distillation and benzoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
Cl Cl Cl Cl O Cl Cl OH Cl + + HCl g + O O 2-chloropropanoic acid 2-chloropropanoyl chloride Hydrochloric acid Benzotrichloride benzoyl chloride Chemical Chemical Formula: C3H5ClO2 Chemical Formula: C3H4Cl2O Formula: Molecular Weight: 108.52 Molecular Weight: 126.97 Chemical Formula: C7H5ClO Molecular Weight: 140.57 C7H5Cl3 Molecular Weight: 195.47
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Water 84 kg HCl g Benzotrichloride 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg 195 kg Stainless steel reactor 2-chloropropionic acid 109 kgs 2-chloropropionyl chloride 127 kgs
Residue Benzoyl chloride 1 kg 140 kg
Input KG Output KG 2-chloropropionic acid 109 benzoyl chloride 140 benzotrichloride 195 Residue 1 Water 84 2-chloropropionyl chloride 127 30% HCL Solution 120 Total 388 Total 388 39. 3-CHLOROPROPIONYL CHLORIDE
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor hydrochloric acid was passed in to acrylic acid at room temperature with continuous stirring then thionyl chloride was added slowly to the reaction mixture. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 3-chloropropionyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
OH O O + SO HCl g HCl g SOCl2 2 + O Cl OH Cl Cl sulphur dioxide hydrochloric acid acrylic acid 3-chloropropanoic acid 3-chloropropanoyl chloride Chemical Chemical Formula: C H Cl O Chemical Formula: ClH Chemical Formula: C H ClO 3 4 2 Chemical Formula: O2S Formula: 3 5 2 Molecular Weight: 126.97 Molecular Weight: 36.46 Molecular Weight: 108.52 Molecular Weight: 64.06 C3H4O2 Molecular Weight: 72.06
Flow Chart With Material Balance: Acrylic acid 72 kg Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g Glass lined 36 kg reactor HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Glass lined 3-chloropropionic reactor acid 108 kg SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
Residue 30% NaHSO3 Solution 3-chloropropionyl chloride 1 kg 334 kg 126 kg
Stag 1: Input KG Output KG HCL g 36 3-chloropropionic acid 108 Acrylic acid 72 Total 108 Total 108
Stag 2: Input KG Output KG 3-chloropropionic acid 108 3-chloropropionyl chloride 126 Thionyl Chloride 119 Residue 1 15% NaOH solution 270 30% HCL Solution 120 Water 84 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 Total 581 Total 581
40. VALERYL CHLORIDE
Brief process:
In Glass lined reactor Valeric acid and thionyl chloride was mixed and heated slowly to 80 0C. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction Valeryl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
OH Cl SOCl + 2 + SO2 + HCl g O O valaric acid thionyl chloride valaryl chloride sulphur dioxide hydrochloric acid Chemical Chemical Formula: C H ClO Chemical Formula: Cl2OS 5 9 Chemical Formula: O2S Chemical Formula: Formula: Molecular Weight: 118.97 Molecular Weight: 120.58 Molecular Weight: 64.06 ClH C5H10O2 Molecular Weight: Molecular 36.46 Weight: 102.13 Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Glass lined Valaric acid reactor SO g 102 kg 2 15% NaOH solution 64 kg Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution Valaryl chloride 334 kg 121 kg
Input KG Output KG Valeric acid 102 Valeryl chloride 121 Thionyl Chloride 119 30% HCL Solution 120 15% NaOH solution 270 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 Water 84 Total 575 Total 575 41. 5-Chlorovaleryl Chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a delta-valerolactone, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 4-chlorobutyryl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
O Cl Cl SO O + SOCl2 + 2 O thionyl chloride sulphur dioxide delta-valerolactone 5-Chlorovaleryl chloride Chemical Formula: Cl OS 2 Chemical Formula: C H Cl O Chemical Formula: O S Chemical Formula: C5H8O2 Molecular Weight: 118.97 5 8 2 2 Molecular Weight: 100.12 Molecular Weight: 155.02 Molecular Weight: 64.06
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride 119 kgs
SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg delta-valerolactone Glass lined 100 kg reactor 30% NaHSO3 Solution 334 kg Residue 1 kg
5-chlorovaleryl chloride 154kg
Input KG Output KG Delta-valerolactone 100 5-chlorovaleryl chloride 154 thionyl chloride 119 Residue 1 15% NaOH solution 270 30% NaHSO3 solution 334
Total 489 Total 489
42. Isovaleryl chloride
Brief process:
In Glass lined reactor Isovaleric acid and thionyl chloride was mixed and heated slowly to 80 0C. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction Isovaleryl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
OH Cl + SOCl2 + SO2 + HCl g O O Isovalaric acid thionyl chloride Isovalaryl chloride sulphur dioxide hydrochloric acid Chemical Chemical Formula: C H ClO Chemical Formula: Cl2OS 5 9 Chemical Formula: O2S Chemical Formula: Molecular Weight: 118.97 Molecular Weight: 120.58 Molecular Weight: 64.06 Formula: ClH C5H10O2 Molecular Molecular Weight: 36.46 Weight: 102.13
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Glass lined Isovalaric acid reactor 102 kg SO g 2 15% NaOH solution 64 kg Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution Isovalaryl chloride 334 kg 121 kg
Input KG Output KG Isovaleric acid 102 Isovaleryl chloride 121 Thionyl Chloride 119 30% HCL Solution 120 15% NaOH solution 270 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 Water 84 Total 575 Total 575
43. Heptanoyl chloride
Brief process:
In Glass lined reactor Heptanoic acid and thionyl chloride was mixed and heated slowly to 80 0C. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction Heptanoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
OH Cl + HCl g + SOCl2 + SO2 O O thionyl chloride hydrochloric acid Heptanoic acid sulphur dioxide Chemical Formula: Cl OS Heptanoyl chloride Chemical 2 Chemical Formula: C H ClO Chemical Molecular Weight: 118.97 7 13 Chemical Formula: O2S Formula: ClH Formula: C7H14O2 Molecular Weight: 148.63 Molecular Weight: 64.06 Molecular Weight: Molecular Weight: 36.46 130.18
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Glass lined Heptanoic acid reactor SO g 130 kg 2 15% NaOH solution 64 kg Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution Heptanoyl chloride 334 kg 149 kg
Input KG Output KG Heptanoic acid 130 Heptanoyl chloride 149 Thionyl Chloride 119 30% HCL Solution 120 15% NaOH solution 270 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 Water 84 Total 603 Total 603
44. Hexanoyl chloride
Brief process:
In Glass lined reactor Hexanoic acid and thionyl chloride was mixed and heated slowly to 80 0C. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction Hexanoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
OH Cl + HCl g + SOCl2 + SO2 O O thionyl chloride hydrochloric acid Hexanoic acid sulphur dioxide Chemical Formula: Cl OS Hexanoyl chloride Chemical 2 Chemical Formula: C H ClO Chemical Molecular Weight: 118.97 6 11 Chemical Formula: O2S Formula: ClH Formula: C6H12O2 Molecular Weight: 134.60 Molecular Weight: 64.06 Molecular Weight: Molecular Weight: 36.46 116.16
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Glass lined Hexanoic acid reactor SO g 116 kg 2 15% NaOH solution 64 kg Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution Hexanoyl chloride 334 kg 135 kg
Input KG Output KG Hexanoic acid 116 Hexanoyl chloride 135 Thionyl Chloride 119 30% HCL Solution 120 15% NaOH solution 270 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 Water 84
Total 589 Total 589
45. Isophthaloyl Chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a Isophthalic acid, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction isophthaloyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
O O O O + 2 SOCl2 + 2SO 2 HCl g HO OH Cl Cl 2 + sulphur dioxide hydrochloric acid thionyl chloride Isophthalic acid Isophthaloyl chloride Chemical Formula: O S Chemical Formula: Cl OS 2 Chemical Formula: 2 Molecular Weight: 64.06 Chemical Formula: ClH Molecular Weight: 118.97 Chemical Formula: C8H4Cl2O2 C8H6O4 Molecular Weight: 203.02 Molecular Weight: 36.46 Molecular Weight: 166.13
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 238 kgs 168 kg HCl g 72 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 240 kg Isophthalic acid Glass lined 166 kg reactor SO2 g 128kg 15%NaOHsolution Scrubber 540 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution Isophthaloyl chloride 668 kg 204 kg
Input KG Output KG Isophthalic acid 166 isophthaloyl chloride 204 Thionyl Chloride 238 30% HCL Solution 240 15% NaOH solution 540 30% NaHSO3 solution 668 Water 168
Total 1112 Total 1112
46. Cyclopropane carbonyl chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor Cyclopropane carboxylic acid and thionyl chloride was mixed and heated slowly to 60 0C. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction Cyclopropane carbonyl chloride was distilled at simple distillation.
Reaction formula:
O OH + SOCl2 + + HCl g Cl SO2 thionyl chloride O hydrochloric acid cyclopropane cyclopropanecarbonyl sulphur dioxide Chemical carboxylic acid Chemical Formula: Cl2OS chloride Chemical Formula: O S 2 Formula: ClH Molecular Weight: 118.97 Molecular Weight: 104.53 Molecular Weight: 64.06 Chemical Formula: C H O Molecular 4 6 2 Weight: 36.46 Molecular Weight: 86.09
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Glass lined cyclopropane reactor SO g carboxylic 2 15% NaOH solution acid 86 kg 64 kg Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride 334 kg 105 kgs
Input KG Output KG Cyclopropane carboxylic 86 Cyclopropane carbonyl 105 chloride Thionyl Chloride 119 30% HCL Solution 120 15% NaOH solution 270 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 Water 84
Total 559 Total 559
47. Cyclobutane carbonyl chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor Cyclobutane carboxylic acid and thionyl chloride was mixed and heated slowly to 60 0C. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction Cyclobutane carbonyl chloride was distilled at simple distillation.
Reaction formula:
O OH + SOCl2 + + HCl g Cl SO2 thionyl chloride O hydrochloric acid cyclobutane Chemical Formula: Cl2OS cyclobutane carbonyl sulphur dioxide carboxylic acid Molecular Weight: 118.97 chloride Chemical Formula: O S Chemical Chemical Formula: C H ClO 2 Formula: ClH 5 7 Molecular Weight: 64.06 Chemical Formula: C5H8O2 Molecular Weight: 118.56 Molecular Molecular Weight: 100.12 Weight: 36.46
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Glass lined reactor cyclobutane SO g 2 15% NaOH solution carboxylic 64 kg acid 100 kg Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution Cyclobutane carbonyl 334 kg chloride 119 kgs
Input KG Output KG Cyclopropane carboxylic 100 Cyclopropane carbonyl 119 chloride Thionyl Chloride 119 30% HCL Solution 120 15% NaOH solution 270 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 Water 84
Total 573 Total 573
48. Cyclohexane carbonyl chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor Cyclohexane carboxylic acid and thionyl chloride was mixed and heated slowly to 60 0C. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction Cyclohexane carbonyl chloride was distilled at simple distillation.
Reaction formula:
O OH + SOCl2 + + HCl g Cl SO2 thionyl chloride O hydrochloric acid Chemical Formula: Cl OS sulphur dioxide cyclohexane 2 cyclohexane carbonyl carboxylic acid Molecular Weight: 118.97 Chemical Formula: O S Chemical chloride 2 Formula: ClH Chemical Formula: C7H11ClO Molecular Weight: 64.06 Chemical Formula: C7H12O2 Molecular Molecular Weight: 128.17 Molecular Weight: 146.61 Weight: 36.46
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Glass lined reactor cyclohexane SO g 2 15% NaOH solution carboxylic 64 kg acid 128kg Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution Cyclohexane carbonyl 334 kg chloride 147 kgs
Input KG Output KG Cyclohexane carboxylic acid 128 Cyclohexane carbonyl chloride 147 Thionyl Chloride 119 30% HCL Solution 120 15% NaOH solution 270 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 Water 84
Total 601 Total 601
49. 2-Furoyl chloride:
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor 2-Furoic acid and thionyl chloride was mixed and heated slowly to 60 0C. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 2-Furoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
OH + SOCl2 Cl + + HCl g O O SO2 thionyl chloride O O hydrochloric acid Chemical Formula: Cl2OS sulphur dioxide 2-Furoic acid 2-Furoyl chloride Molecular Weight: 118.97 Chemical Formula: O S Chemical 2 Formula: ClH Chemical Formula: C H ClO Molecular Weight: 64.06 Chemical Formula: C5H4O3 5 3 2 Molecular Molecular Weight: 112.08 Molecular Weight: 130.53 Weight: 36.46
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Glass lined 2-Furoic acid reactor SO g 112kg 2 15% NaOH solution 64 kg Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution 2-Furoyl chloride 131 kgs 334 kg
Input KG Output KG 2-Furoic acid 112 Cyclohexane carbonyl chloride 131 Thionyl Chloride 119 30% HCL Solution 120 15% NaOH solution 270 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 Water 84
Total 585 Total 585
50. 2-Thiophene carbonyl chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor 2-Thiophene carboxylic acid and thionyl chloride was mixed and heated slowly to 60 0C. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 2-Thiophene carbonyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
OH + SOCl2 Cl + + HCl g S S SO2 thionyl chloride O O hydrochloric acid Chemical Formula: Cl2OS 2-Thiophene sulphur dioxide 2-Thiophene Chemical Molecular Weight: 118.97 carbonyl chloride Chemical Formula: O S carboxylic acid 2 Formula: ClH Chemical Formula: C H ClOS Molecular Weight: 64.06 Chemical Formula: C5H4O2S 5 3 Molecular Molecular Weight: 128.15 Molecular Weight: 146.59 Weight: 36.46
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg 2-Thiophene Glass lined carboxylic reactor SO g acid 2 15% NaOH solution 64 kg 128 kg Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution 2-Thiophene 334 kg carbonyl chloride 147 kgs
Input KG Output KG 2-Thiophene carboxylic acid 128 2-Thiophene carbonyl chloride 147 Thionyl Chloride 119 30% HCL Solution 120 15% NaOH solution 270 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 Water 84
Total 601 Total 601
51. (A)Trimethylacetyl (Pivaloyl) chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined vessel Pivalic acid and thionyl chloride was mixed and heated slowly to 60 0C. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction Pivaloyl chloride was distilled by simple distillation.
Reaction formula:
OH Cl SOCl + 2 + SO2 + HCl g O O Pivalic acid thionyl chloride Pivaloyl chloride sulphur dioxide hydrochloric acid Chemical Chemical Formula: Cl2OS Chemical Formula: C5H9ClO Chemical Formula: O2S Chemical Formula: C5H10O2 Molecular Weight: 118.97 Molecular Weight: 120.58 Molecular Weight: 64.06 Formula: ClH Molecular Weight: Molecular Weight: 102.13 36.46
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber Glass lined 120 kg reactor Pivalic acid SO2 g 102 kg 64 kg Scrubber 15% NaOH solution 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution Pivaloyl chloride 334 kg 121 kg
Input KG Output KG Pivalic acid 102 Pivaloyl chloride 121 Thionyl Chloride 119 30% HCL Solution 120 15% NaOH solution 270 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 Water 84
Total 575 Total 575 OR (B) PIVALOYL CHLORIDE
Brief process:
In SS-316 reactor benzotrichloride and pivalic acid was mixed and heated slowly to 100 0C. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water then after completion of reaction pivaloyl chloride was distilled at simple distillation and benzoyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
Cl Cl Cl Cl O
OH Cl + + HCl g + O O pivalic acid pivaloyl chloride Hydrochloric acid Benzotrichloride benzoyl chloride
Chemical Chemical Formula: C5H10O2 Chemical Formula: C5H9ClO Formula: Molecular Weight: 102.13 Chemical Formula: C7H5ClO Molecular Weight: 120.58 Molecular Weight: 140.57 C7H5Cl3 Molecular Weight: 195.47
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Water 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Benzotrichloride Scrubber 120 kg 195 kg Stainless steel reactor
Pivalic acid Pivaloyl chloride 102 kgs 120 kgs
Residue Benzoyl chloride 1kg 140 kg
Input KG Output KG Pivalic acid 102 benzoyl chloride 140 benzotrichloride 195 Residue 1 Water 84 30% HCL Solution 120 Pivaloyl Chloride 120
Total 381 Total 381
52. n-Propyl Chloride Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a n-Propanol, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction n-Propyl chloride was distilled by distillation.
Reaction formula:
+ HCl g OH + SOCl2 Cl + SO2
n-Propanol thionyl chloride n-Propyl chloride sulphur dioxide hydrochloric acid Chemical Formula: C3H7Cl Chemical Formula: O S Chemical Chemical Formula: Cl2OS 2 Chemical Molecular Weight: 78.54 Molecular Weight: 64.06 Formula: C3H8O Molecular Weight: 118.97 Formula: ClH Molecular Molecular Weight: 60.10 Weight: 36.46
Flow Chart With Material Balance: Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Glass lined n-Propanol 60kg reactor SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution n-Propyl chloride 334 kg 75 kg
Input KG Output KG n-propanol 60 n-Propyl Chloride 75 Thionyl chloride 119 30% HCL Solution 120 Water 84 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 15% NaOH solution 270 Total 533 Total 533 53. n-BUTYL CHLORIDE
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a n-butanol, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction n-butyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
+ HCl g OH + SOCl2 Cl + SO2
n-butanol thionyl chloride n-butyl chloride sulphur dioxide hydrochloric acid Chemical Formula: C4H9Cl Chemical Formula: O2S Chemical Chemical Formula: Cl2OS Chemical Formula: ClH Molecular Weight: 92.57 Molecular Weight: 64.06 Formula: Molecular Weight: 118.97 Molecular Weight: 36.46 C4H10O Molecular Weight: 74.12
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Glass lined n-butanol 74 kg reactor SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution n-butyl chloride 334 kg 93 kg
Input KG Output KG n-butanol 74 n-butyl Chloride 93 Thionyl chloride 119 30% HCL Solution 120 Water 84 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 15% NaOH solution 270 Total 547 Total 547
54. ISOBUTYL CHLORIDE
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a isobutanol, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction isobutyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
+ OH + SOCl2 Cl + SO2 HCl g
Isobutanol thionyl chloride Isobutyl chloride sulphur dioxide hydrochloric acid Chemical Formula: O2S Chemical Chemical Formula: Cl2OS Chemical Formula: C4H9Cl Chemical Formula: ClH Molecular Weight: 64.06 Formula: Molecular Weight: 118.97 Molecular Weight: 92.57 Molecular Weight: 36.46 C4H10O Molecular Weight: 74.12
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Isobutanol Glass lined 74 kg reactor SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution Isobutyl chloride 334 kg 93 kg
Input KG Output KG Isobutanol 74 Isobutyl Chloride 93 Thionyl Chloride 119 30% HCL Solution 120 Water 84 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 15% NaOH solution 270 Total 547 Total 547
55. n-Pentyl Chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a n-Pentanol, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction n-Pentyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
+ HCl g OH + SOCl2 Cl + SO2
n-Pentanol thionyl chloride n-Pentyl chloride sulphur dioxide hydrochloric acid Chemical Formula: C H Cl Chemical Chemical Formula: Cl OS 5 11 Chemical Formula: O2S 2 Molecular Weight: 106.59 Chemical Formula: Molecular Weight: 118.97 Molecular Weight: 64.06 Formula: ClH C5H12O Molecular Molecular Weight: 36.46 Weight: 88.15
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Glass lined n-Pantanol 88 kg reactor SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution n-Pentyl chloride 334 kg 107 kg
Input KG Output KG n-Pentanol 88 n- Pentanol 107 Thionyl Chloride 119 30% HCL Solution 120 Water 84 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 15% NaOH solution 270
Total 561 Total 561
56. n-Hexyl Chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a n-Hexanol, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction n-Hexyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
+ SOCl Cl SO + HCl g OH 2 + 2
thionyl chloride sulphur dioxide hydrochloric acid n-Hexyl chloride Chemical Formula: O S n-Hexanol Chemical Formula: Cl2OS 2 Chemical Formula: ClH Molecular Weight: 64.06 Molecular Weight: 118.97 Chemical Formula: C6H13Cl Molecular Weight: 36.46 Molecular Weight: 120.62 Chemical Formula: C6H14O Molecular Weight: 102.17
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Glass lined n-Hexanol 102 kg reactor SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution n-Hexyl chloride 334 kg 121 kg
Input KG Output KG n-Hexanol 102 n- Hexyl Chloride 121 Thionyl Chloride 119 30% HCL Solution 120 Water 84 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 15% NaOH solution 270
Total 575 Total 575 57. n-Heptyl Chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a n-heptanol, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction n-heptyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
+ SOCl SO + HCl g 2 Cl + 2 OH thionyl chloride sulphur dioxide hydrochloric acid n-heptanol n-heptyl chloride Chemical Formula: O2S Chemical Formula: Cl2OS Chemical Formula: C7H15Cl Chemical Formula: ClH Molecular Weight: 64.06 Molecular Weight: 118.97 Molecular Weight: 134.65 Molecular Weight: 36.46
Chemical Formula: C7H16O Molecular Weight: 116.20
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Glass lined n-heptanol 116 kg reactor SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution n-heptyl chloride 334 kg 135 kg
Input KG Output KG n-Heptanol 116 n- Heptyl Chloride 135 Thionyl Chloride 119 30% HCL Solution 120 Water 84 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 15% NaOH solution 270
Total 589 Total 589
58. n-Octyl chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a n-Octanol, thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction n-Octyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
+ SOCl SO + HCl g 2 Cl + 2 OH thionyl chloride sulphur dioxide hydrochloric acid n-Octanol n-Octtyl chloride Chemical Formula: O2S Chemical Formula: Cl2OS Chemical Formula: C8H17Cl Chemical Formula: ClH Molecular Weight: 64.06 Molecular Weight: 118.97 Molecular Weight: 148.67 Molecular Weight: 36.46
Chemical Formula: C8H18O Molecular Weight: 130.23
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Glass lined n-Octanol 130 kg reactor SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution n-Octyl chloride 334 kg 149kg
Input KG Output KG n-Octanol 130 n- Octyl Chloride 149 Thionyl Chloride 119 30% HCL Solution 120 Water 84 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 15% NaOH solution 270
Total 603 Total 603
59. 2-Ethyl hexyl (Isooctyl) chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a 2-Ethyl Hexanol (Isooctanol), thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 2-Ethyl Hexyl (Isooctyl) chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
+ SOCl Cl SO + HCl g OH 2 + 2
thionyl chloride sulphur dioxide hydrochloric acid n-Isooctyl chloride Chemical Formula: O2S n-Isooctanol Chemical Formula: Cl2OS Chemical Formula: ClH Molecular Weight: 64.06 Molecular Weight: 118.97 Chemical Formula: C8H17Cl Molecular Weight: 36.46 Molecular Weight: 148.67 Chemical Formula: C8H18O Molecular Weight: 130.23
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg n-Isooctanol Glass lined 130 kg reactor SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution Isooctyl chloride 334 kg 149 kg
Input KG Output KG n- Isooctanol 130 n- Isooctyl Chloride 149 Thionyl Chloride 119 30% HCL Solution 120 Water 84 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 15% NaOH solution 270
Total 603 Total 603
60. Propoxyethyl chloride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a Propoxyethyl alcohol thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction Propoxyethyl chloride was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
O O + SOCl Cl SO + HCl g OH 2 + 2
thionyl chloride Propoxyethyl sulphur dioxide hydrochloric acid Chloride Chemical Formula: O2S Propoxy Chemical Formula: Cl2OS Chemical Formula: ClH Molecular Weight: 64.06 Ethanol Molecular Weight: 118.97Chemical Formula: C5H11ClO Molecular Weight: 36.46 Molecular Weight: 122.59 Chemical Formula: C5H12O2 Molecular Weight: 104.15
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Propoxy Glass lined Ethanol reactor 104 kg SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution Propoxyethyl chloride 334 kg 123 kg
Input KG Output KG Propoxy ethanol 104 Propoxyethyl Chloride 123 Thionyl Chloride 119 30% HCL Solution 120 Water 84 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 15% NaOH solution 270
Total 577 Total 577
61. 2-Chloroethylacetoacetate
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a Ethylacetoacetate was charged and sulfuryl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction 2-Chloroethylacetoacetate was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
O O O O SO Cl SO + + 2 2 + 2 HCl g O O Ethyl Sulfuryl chloride Cl sulphur dioxide hydrochloric acid Chemical acetoacetate Chemical 2-Chloroethyl Chemical acetoacetate Formula: O2S Chemical Formula: Cl2OS Formula: ClH Molecular Formula: C H O Molecular Chemical Formula: Molecular 5 12 2 Weight: 64.06 Molecular Weight: 134.8 C5H11ClO Weight: 36.46 Weight: 130.15 Molecular Weight: 164.59
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Sulfuryl chloride Water 135 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Glass lined Ethyl reactor acetoacetate SO g 130 kg 2 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
Residue 1 kg 30% NaHSO3 Solution 2-Chloroethyl 334 kg acetoacetate 164 kg
Input KG Output KG Ethylacetoacetate 130 2-Chloroethylacetoacetate 164 Salfuryl Chloride 135 30% HCL Solution 120 Water 84 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 15% NaOH solution 270 Residue 1
Total 619 Total 619
62. Methyl-2-chloropropionate
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor Methyl-2-hydroxypropionate was charged and Thionyl chloride was added slowly at room temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water and sulphur dioxide was scrubbed by caustic solution to form sodium bisulphite solution. After completion of reaction Methyl-2- chloropropionate was distilled by vacume distillation.
Reaction formula:
O O SOCl SO + HCl g O + 2 O + 2 OH Cl Thionyl chloride sulphur dioxide hydrochloric acid Methyl-2-hydroxy Methyl-2-chloro Chemical propionate propionate Chemical Chemical Formula: O2S Chemical Formula: ClH Formula: Cl2OS Chemical Molecular Molecular Formula: C H O 4 8 3 Molecular Formula: C4H7ClO2 Weight: 64.06 Weight: 36.46 Molecular Weight: 118.97 Molecular Weight: 104.10 Weight: 122.55
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Thionyl chloride Water 119 kgs 84 kg HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Methyl-2-hydroxy Glass lined propionate reactor 103 kg SO2 g 64 kg 15% NaOH solution Scrubber 270 kg
30% NaHSO3 Solution Methyl-2-chloro 334 kg propionate 122 kg
Input KG Output KG Methyl -2-hydroxypropionate 103 Methyl -2-chloropropionate 122 Thionyl Chloride 119 30% HCL Solution 120 Water 84 30% NaHSO3 solution 334 15% NaOH solution 270
Total 57 6 Total 576
63. Isopropyl Bromide Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a Isopropyl alcohol was charged and hydrobromic acid was added slowly at room temperature. After addition whole reaction mass was stirred and refluxed for 12-14 hrs. After completion of reaction aqueous layer was saperated and reused for scrubbing of Hydrochloric acid or dilution of sodium hydroxide. Organic layer was separated and distilled by vacume distillation to obtain Isopropyl bromide.
Reaction formula:
+ H O OH + HBr Br 2 Isopropanol Hydrobromic Isopropyl bromide Water acid Chemical Chemical Formula: BrH Chemical Formula: C H Br Chemical Formula: H2O Formula: C H O 3 7 6 14 Molecular Weight: 80.91 Molecular Weight: 122.99 Molecular Weight: 18.02 Molecular Weight: 60.1
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
48% Hydrobromic acid 166 kg
Glass lined Isopropanol 60kg reactor
Layer separation Aquious layer
Organic layer for Water 103 kg distillation (reused for scrubbing of Hydrochloric acid or dilution of sodium hydroxide). Isopropyl bromide 123 kg
Input KG Output KG Isopropanol 60 Isopropyl Bromide 123 48% Hydrobromic acid 166 Water 103
Total 226 Total 226 64. Butyl Bromide
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a Butanol was charged and hydrobromic acid was added slowly at room temperature. After addition whole reaction mass was stirred and refluxed for 12-14 hrs. After completion of reaction aqueous layer was saperated and reused for scrubbing of Hydrochloric acid or dilution of sodium hydroxide. Organic layer was separated and distilled by vacume distillation to obtain Butyl bromide.
Reaction formula:
+ H O OH + HBr Br 2 Butanol Hydrobromic Butyl bromide Water Chemical acid Chemical Formula: BrH Chemical Formula: C H Br Chemical Formula: H2O Formula: C6H14O 4 9 Molecular Weight: 18.02 Molecular Molecular Weight: 80.91 Molecular Weight: 137.02 Weight: 74.12
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
48% Hydrobromic acid 166 kg
Glass lined Butanol reactor 74 kg
Layer separation Aquious layer
Organic layer for Water 103 kg distillation (reused for scrubbing of Hydrochloric acid or dilution of sodium hydroxide). Butyl bromide 137 kg
Input KG Output KG Butanol 74 Butyl Bromide 137 48% Hydrobromic acid 166 Water 103
Total 240 Total 240
65. Pantyl Bromide
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a Pantanol was charged and hydrobromic acid was added slowly at room temperature. After addition whole reaction mass was stirred and refluxed for 12-14 hrs. After completion of reaction aqueous layer was saperated and reused for scrubbing of Hydrochloric acid or dilution of sodium hydroxide. Organic layer was separated and distilled by vacume distillation to obtain Pentyl bromide.
Reaction formula:
+ H O OH + HBr Br 2 Pantanol Hydrobromic Pantyl bromide Water Chemical acid Chemical Formula: BrH Chemical Formula: C H Br Chemical Formula: H2O Formula: C6H14O 5 11 Molecular Weight: 18.02 Molecular Molecular Weight: 80.91 Molecular Weight: 151.04 Weight: 88.15
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
48% Hydrobromic acid 166 kg
Glass lined Pantanol reactor 88 kg
Layer separation Aquious layer
Organic layer for Water 103 kg distillation (reused for scrubbing of Hydrochloric acid or dilution of sodium hydroxide). Pentyl bromide 151 kg
Input KG Output KG Pantanol 88 Pantyl Bromide 151 48% Hydrobromic acid 166 Water 103
Total 254 Total 254
66. Hexyl Bromide
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a Hexyl alcohol was charged and hydrobromic acid was added slowly at room temperature. After addition whole reaction mass was stirred and refluxed for 12-14 hrs. After completion of reaction aqueous layer was saperated and reused for scrubbing of Hydrochloric acid or dilution of sodium hydroxide. Organic layer was separated and distilled by vacume distillation to obtain Hexyl bromide.
Reaction formula:
+ H O OH + HBr Br 2 n-Hexanol Hydrobromic Hexyl bromide Water acid Chemical Chemical Formula: BrH Chemical Formula: C H Br Chemical Formula: H2O Formula: C H O 6 13 6 14 Molecular Weight: 80.91 Molecular Weight: 165.07 Molecular Weight: 18.02 Molecular Weight: 102.17
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
48% Hydrobromic acid 166 kg
Glass lined n-Hexanol reactor 102 kg
Layer separation Aquious layer
Organic layer for Water 103 kg distillation (reused for scrubbing of Hydrochloric acid or dilution of sodium hydroxide). Hexyl bromide 165 kg
Input KG Output KG n- Hexanol 102 Hexyl Bromide 165 48% Hydrobromic acid 166 Water 103
Total 268 Total 268 67. 1,4-Dibromobutane
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor to a 1,4-Butanediol was charged and hydrobromic acid was added slowly at room temperature. After addition whole reaction mass was stirred and refluxed for 12-14 hrs. After completion of reaction aqueous layer was saperated and reused for scrubbing of Hydrochloric acid or dilution of sodium hydroxide. Organic layer was separated and distilled by vacume distillation to obtain 1,4-Dibromobutane.
Reaction formula:
HO Br + H O OH + 2 HBr Br 2 1,4-Butanediol Hydrobromic 1,4-Dibromobutane Water Chemical acid Chemical Formula: BrH Chemical Formula: C H Br Chemical Formula: H2O Formula: C6H14O 4 8 2 Molecular Weight: 18.02 Molecular Molecular Weight: 80.91 Molecular Weight: 215.91 Weight: 90.12
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
48% Hydrobromic acid 332 kg
Glass lined 1,4-Butanediol 90 kg reactor
Layer separation Aquious layer
Organic layer for Water 206 kg distillation (reused for scrubbing of Hydrochloric acid or Residue dilution of sodium hydroxide). 1,4-Dibromobutane 1 Kg 215 kg
Input KG Output KG 1,4-Butanediol 90 1,4-Dibromobutane 215 48% Hydrobromic acid 332 Water 206 Residue 1 Total 422 Total 422
68. Cyclopropyl Bromide
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor Cyclopropanol was charged and hydrobromic acid was added slowly at room temperature. After addition whole reaction mass was stirred and refluxed for 12-14 hrs. After completion of reaction aqueous layer was saperated and reused for scrubbing of Hydrochloric acid or dilution of sodium hydroxide. Organic layer was separated and distilled by vacume distillation to obtain Cyclopropyl bromide.
Reaction formula:
+ H O OH + HBr Br 2 Cyclopropanol Hydrobromic Cyclopropyl bromide Water acid Chemical Chemical Formula: BrH Chemical Formula: C H Br Chemical Formula: H2O Formula: C H O 3 5 6 14 Molecular Weight: 80.91 Molecular Weight: 120.98 Molecular Weight: 18.02 Molecular Weight: 58.01
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
48% Hydrobromic acid 166 kg
Glass lined Cyclopropanol 58 kg reactor
Layer separation Aquious layer
Organic layer for Water 103 kg distillation (reused for scrubbing of Hydrochloric acid or dilution of sodium hydroxide). Cyclopropyl bromide 121 kg
Input KG Output KG Cyclopropanol 58 Cyclopropyl Bromide 121 48% Hydrobromic acid 166 Water 103
Total 224 Total 224 69. Cyclobutyl Bromide
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor Cyclobutanol was charged and hydrobromic acid was added slowly at room temperature. After addition whole reaction mass was stirred and refluxed for 12-14 hrs. After completion of reaction aqueous layer was saperated and reused for scrubbing of Hydrochloric acid or dilution of sodium hydroxide. Organic layer was separated and distilled by vacume distillation to obtain Cyclobutyl bromide.
Reaction formula:
+ H O OH + HBr Br 2 Cyclobutanol Hydrobromic Cyclobutyl bromide Water acid Chemical Chemical Formula: BrH Chemical Formula: C H Br Chemical Formula: H2O Formula: C H O 4 7 6 14 Molecular Weight: 80.91 Molecular Weight: 135.00 Molecular Weight: 18.02 Molecular Weight: 72.11 Flow Chart With Material Balance:
48% Hydrobromic acid 166 kg
Glass lined Cyclobutanol 72 kg reactor
Layer separation Aquious layer
Organic layer for Water 103 kg distillation (reused for scrubbing of Hydrochloric acid or dilution of sodium hydroxide). Cyclobutyl bromide 135 kg
Input KG Output KG Cyclobutanol 72 Cyclobutyll Bromide 135 48% Hydrobromic acid 166 Water 103
Total 238 Total 238
70. Cyclohexyl Bromide
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor Cyclohexanol was charged and hydrobromic acid was added slowly at room temperature. After addition whole reaction mass was stirred and refluxed for 12-14 hrs. After completion of reaction aqueous layer was saperated and reused for scrubbing of Hydrochloric acid or dilution of sodium hydroxide. Organic layer was separated and distilled by vacume distillation to obtain Cyclohexyl bromide.
Reaction formula:
+ H O OH + HBr Br 2 Cyclohexanol Hydrobromic Cyclohexyl bromide Water acid Chemical Chemical Formula: BrH Chemical Formula: C H Br Chemical Formula: H2O Formula: C H O 6 11 6 14 Molecular Weight: 80.91 Molecular Weight: 163.06 Molecular Weight: 18.02 Molecular Weight: 100.16
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
48% Hydrobromic acid 166 kg
Glass lined Cyclohexanol 100 kg reactor
Layer separation Aquious layer
Organic layer for Water 103 kg distillation (reused for scrubbing of Hydrochloric acid or dilution of sodium hydroxide). Cyclohexyl bromide 163 kg
Input KG Output KG Cyclohexanol 100 Cyclohexyl Bromide 163 48% Hydrobromic acid 166 Water 103
Total 266 Total 266 71. CHLOROMETHYL NAPHTLALENE
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor naphthalene, paraformaldehyde and 35% hydrochloric acid was mixed and temperature increased to 80-85 0C and maintained for 8-10 hours. After completion of reaction the lower organic layer of product was separated and purified. The upper layer of 30% hydrochloric acid will be concentrated up to 35% and will be reused in next batch reaction.
Reaction formula: Cl
Paraformaldehyd + 35% HCl
80-85 C, 8-10 hr naphthelene chloromethyl naphthelene
Flow Chart with Material Balance:
35% Hydrochloric acid 384 kg
Naphthalene 128 kg Glass lined reactor Dilute Hydrochloric acid 368 kg + will be re-concentrated for reuse Paraformaldehyde in next batch reaction. 32 kg
Chloromethyl naphthalene 176 kg
Input KG Output KG naphthalne 128 Chloromethyl Naphtlalene 176 35% HCL 384 Dilute HCL for reuse 368 Paraformaldehde 32 Total 544 Total 544
72. Chloroacetic anhydride
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor, chloroaceticacid and catalyst was heated at 90-100 0C then chloroacetyl chloride was added slowly at reflux temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid was scrubbed by water, After completion of reaction crude chloroacetic anhydride was distilled under vacuum distillation to give pure chloroacetic anhydride.
Reaction formula:
O OH O HCl Cl Cl Catalyst Cl Cl + + Cl O O O Chloroacetic acid Chloroacetyl chloride Chloroacetic anhydride Chemical Formula: ClH Chemical Chemical Formula: C H Cl O Molecular Weight: 36.46 2 2 2 Chemical Formula: C H Cl O Formula: Molecular Weight: 112.94 4 4 2 3 Molecular Weight: 170.98 C2H3ClO2 Molecular Weight: 94.50
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Chloroacetyl chloride Water 113 kg 84 kg
HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Scrubber 120 kg Chloroacetic Glass lined acid 94 kg reactor Residue 1 Kg
Chloroacetic anhydride 170 kg
Input KG Output KG Chloroacetic acid 94 Chloroacetic anhydride 170 Chloroacetyl chloride 113 30% HCl solution 120 water 84 Residue 1 Total 291 Total 291
73. Trimethylacetic acid
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor crude Trimethylacetic acid was charged. Temperature increased to 100-110 0C. Product was purified under vaccume distillation to get pure trimethylacetic acid.
Reaction formula:
OH OH Distillation O O Crude trimethylacetic acid Pure trimethylacetic acid
Flow Chart with Material Balance:
Crude trimethylacetic acid Glass lined 100 kg reactor Residue 5 kg
Pure trimethylacetic acid 95 kg
Input KG Output KG Crude Trimethylacetic acid 100 Pure Trimethylacetic acid 95 Residue 5
Total 100 Total 100
74. HCL in Isopropanol (IPA.HCL)
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor Isopropanol was charged and hydrochloric acid gas was passed slowly at room temperature under srirring. After completion addition whole reaction mass was discharged to get IPA.HCL pure product.
Reaction formula:
. HCL OH + HCl OH Isopropanol Hydrochloric Isopropyl alcohol.HCL acid Chemical Chemical Formula: ClH Chemical Formula: C H O Formula: C H O 3 8 6 14 Molecular Weight: 36.46 Molecular Weight: 96.0 Molecular Weight: 60.1
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Hydrochloric acid gas 15 kg
Glass lined Isopropanol 60kg reactor
Isopropyl alcohol.HCL 75 kg
Input KG Output KG Isopropanol 60 Isopropyl alcohol.HCl 75 Hydrochloric acid gas 15
Total 75 Total 75
75. HCL in Methanol (MeOH.HCL)
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor Methanol was charged and hydrochloric acid gas was passed slowly at room temperature under srirring. After completion addition whole reaction mass was discharged to get MeOH.HCL pure product.
Reaction formula:
. HCL H C H3C 3 OH + HCl OH Methanol Hydrochloric Methanol.HCL acid Chemical Chemical Formula: ClH Chemical Formula: C H O Formula: C H O 3 8 6 14 Molecular Weight: 36.46 Molecular Weight: 68.0 Molecular Weight: 32.04
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
Hydrochloric acid gas 8 kg
Glass lined Methanol 32 kg reactor
Methanol.HCL 40 kg
Input KG Output KG Methanol 32 Methanol.HCl 40 Hydrochloric acid gas 8
Total 40 Total 40
76. 4-Methylbenzoic acid tert-butyl ester Brief process:
In glass lined reactor 4-Methylbenzoyl chloride was charged and tert-butanol was added slowly. After addition completes reaction mass was heated up to reflux temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water. After completion of reaction excess of tert-butanol was recovered by simple distillation and product was distilled under vaccum to get final product 4-Methylbenzoic acid tert-butyl ester.
Reaction formula:
O O HO O HCl g Cl + + hydrochloric acid tert-Butanol 4-Methylbenzoic 4-Methyl acid tert-butyl ester benzoyl chloride Chemical Formula: C4H10O Chemical Formula: ClH Chemical Formula: C12H16O2 Chemical Formula: C8H7ClO Molecular Weight: 74.12 Molecular Weight: 36.46 Molecular Weight: 154.59 Molecular Weight: 192.25
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
tert-Butanol Water 150 kg 84 kg
HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution Glass lined Scrubber 120 kg 4-Methyl reactor benzoyl chloride 154 kg
Distillation Recovery of tert-Butanol 76 kg
Distillation Residue 2 Kg
4-Methylbenzoic acid tert-butyl ester 190 kg
Input KG Output KG 4-Methylbenzoyl chloride 154 4-Methylbenzoic acid tert-butyl ester 190 Tert-butanol 150 Recovered tert-butanol 76 Water 84 Residue 2 30% hydrochloric acid solution 120 Total 388 Total 388
77. 4-Chloromethylbenzoic acid tert-butyl ester
Brief process:
In glass lined reactor 4-Chloromethylbenzoyl chloride was charged and tert-butanol was added slowly. After addition completes reaction mass was heated up to reflux temperature. Generated hydrochloric acid gas was scrubbed by water. After completion of reaction excess of tert-butanol was recovered by simple distillation and product was distilled under vaccum to get final product 4-Chloromethylbenzoic acid tert-butyl ester.
Reaction formula: O O HO O HCl g Cl + + Cl hydrochloric acid Cl tert-Butanol 4-Chloromethylbenzoic 4-Chloromethyl acid tert-butyl ester benzoyl chloride Chemical Formula: C4H10O Chemical Formula: ClH Chemical Formula: C12H15ClO2 Chemical Formula: C8H6Cl2O Molecular Weight: 74.12 Molecular Weight: 36.46 Molecular Weight: 189.04 Molecular Weight: 226.70
Flow Chart With Material Balance:
tert-Butanol Water 150 kg 84 kg
HCl g 36 kg 30% HCl solution 4-Chloromethyl Scrubber 120 kg benzoyl chloride Glass lined 189 kg reactor
Distillation Recovery of tert-Butanol 76 kg
Distillation Residue 2 Kg
4-Chloromethylbenzoic acid tert-butyl ester 225 kg
Input KG Output KG 4-Chloromethylbenzoyl chloride 189 4-Chloromethylbenzoic acid tert-butyl ester 225 Tert-butanol 150 Recovered tert-butanol 76 Water 84 Residue 2 30% hydrochloric acid solution 120 Total 423 Total 423 ANNEXURE-4 DETAILS OF WATER CONSUMPTION & WASTE WATER GENERATION
Break Up details Water Waste Water Remark consumption generation (KL/Day) (KL/Day) (1) Domestic 2.0 1.5 (2) Gardening 2.0 00 (2) Industrial (a) Processing 11.0 1.0 (a) Boiler 9.0 2.0 (b) Cooling 10.0 1.5 (c) Washing 1.5 1.5 (d) Scrubbing 20.0 27.23 Sell to authorized end user registered under Rule-9 Total (Industrial) 51.5 33.23 Total 55.5 34.73
• Source of water will be meet through Tanker Or ground water Supply. Total water requirement will be 55.5 KL/Day (Fresh water= 49.5 KLD + Reuse water= 6 KLD). • Total 34.87 KL/day (33.23 KL/day Industrial + 1.5 KL/day domestic) of effluent shall be generated.
• Industrial effluent (process + washing + boiler + cooling) @ 6 KL/Day will be reuse in scrubbing after giving primary treatment in ETP.
• Scrubbing water @ 27.23 KL/Day will be sell to end user registered under Rule-9
• Domestic waste water (1.5 KL/Day) will be disposed of through soak pit.
Water Balance Diagram: Source:Borewell
Water =55.5 KL /Day (Fresh water=49.5 Kl/Day+Reuse+6KL/Day)
Process Domestic Washing RO Scrubbing Gardening 11 KL/Day 2 KL/Day 2.0 KL/Day 1.5 KL/Day 59 KL/Day 20 KL/Day
Soak Pit
1.5 KL/Day 27.23 KL/Day Sell to 1 KL/Day Boiler Cooling Tower authorized end 9.0 KL/Day 10.0 KL/Day user registered under Rule-9
1.5 KL/Day 2.0 KL/Day 1.5 KL/day
ETP 6.0 KL/Day
Reuse for scrubbing of hydrochloric acid OR Dilution of sodium hydroxide ANNEXURE-5 DETAILS OF ETP
PROCESS DESCRIPTION: ETP (EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT) The treatment scheme is given below:
Primary Treatment: First all non-toxic and biodegradable streams (low & medium COD) of wastewater shall be collected in Equalization cum Neutralization tank (ENT-01)where the continuous addition and stirring of Caustic solution is done to maintain neutral pH of wastewater from Caustic Dosing Tank (CDT-01) as per requirement by gravity. Mixer is provided in the ENT-01 to keep all suspended solids in suspension and for proper mixing. Then, neutralized wastewater shall be pump to Primary Settling Tank (PST-1). Alum and Polyelectrolyte shall be dosed from Alum Dosing Tank (ADT-01) and Polyelectrolyte Dosing Tank (PEDT-01) respectively by gravity into PST-01 to carry out coagulation by using a Mixer. Then Mixer is stopped and effluent is allowed to settle in Primary Settling Tank (PST-01). After Primary treatment, Clear supernatant from PST-01 shall be collected in Treated Effluent Sump (TES-01) before reuse for Scrubbing of Hydrochloric Acid OR Dilute of sodium hydroxide. Sludge settled in PST-01 shall be collected in Sludge Drying Beds (SDBs-01-A/B) where, dewatering shall be carried out before storage in HWSA and ultimate disposal to TSDF.
Effluent Treatment Plant (Dimension): S.N. Name of unit Size (m x m x m) No. MOC/ Remark Flow = 6 KLD 1 Equalization cum Neutralization 2.0 x 2.0 x 2.0 1 RCC M25 Tank (ENT-01) 2 Primary Settling Tank(PST-01) 1.0 x 0.5 x 1.5 1 MSEP 3 Treated Effluent Sump (TES-01) 2.5 x 2.0 x 2.0 1 RCC M25 4 Lime Dosing Tank (LDT-01) 250 lit 1 HDPE 5 Alum Dosing Tank (ADT-01) 250 lit 1 HDPE 6 Poly Dosing Tank (PDT-01) 100 lit 1 HDPE 7 Sludge Drying Beds (SDBs-A/B) 2.0 x 3.0 2 Bk. Mas. With PCC Bedding+ filling Media
ETP Flow Diagram: ANNEXURE-6 DETAILS OF HAZARDOUS/SOLID WASTES GENERATION AND DISPOSAL MODE
Sr. Name of waste Source of Category Proposed Disposal Method No Generation No. Quantity (MT/Annum) 1 Discarded Storage & Sch-I/ 60 Collection, Storage, Containers/Bags/Lin handling of 33.1 Transportation, ers Raw Materials Decontamination & Disposal by selling to registered recycler. 2 Used/Spent oil Equipment & Sch-I/ 1.2 Collection, Storage, Machineries 5.1 Transportation & Disposal by selling to registered recycler. 3 ETP Sludge Inhouse ETP Sch-I/ 80 Collection, Storage, 35.3 Transportation and disposal at common nearest TSDF site 4 Distillation Residue Distillation Sch-I/ 138.48 Collection, Storage, (Product 36.1 Transportation and sent for number- co-processing in cement 1,16,61,67,73) industries or nearest incineration site. 5 Spent Solvent Process Sch-I/ 3000 Collection, Storage, (Product No- 28.6 management & recovery 1,2,75,76) within the premises and will reuse in plant premises.
6 HCL Solution(30 %) Process + Sch-II- 9806.4 Collection, Storage & reuse scrubber Class in plant premise for (Worst case- B(15) manufacturing of Product Chloromethyl Naphtlalene number- (1047.24 MT/Annum). and 3,37,52,72) excess quantity will be sell to end users having Rule 9 Permission. 7 NaHSO3 Process+ Sch-I/ 10851.6 Collection, Storage, solution(30 %) scrubber 28.1 Transportation & Disposal by (Worst case- selling to authorized end Product user registered under Rule-9. number- 37,52) ANNEXURE-7 DETAILS OF AIR EMMISION Flue Gas Emission:
Type of Air Pollution Source of Stack Quantity of Sr. Type of emissions Control emission Height Fuel no. Fuel i.e. Air Measures With Capacity (meter) MT/Day Pollutants (APCM) Steam Boiler 30 PM Cyclone 1 Cap: 2 MT/Hr Briquettes 10.0 (150 separator Of biocoal mg/NM 3 ) with dust Thermic fluid collector Heater Briquettes 8.0 SO2 2 Cap: 10 Lac Of biocoal (100 PPM ) Kcal/Hr DG set 10 Diesel 300 litres NOx Adequate 3 Cap: 250 KVA (50 PPM) Stack height
Process Gas Emission: Sr. Stack Parameters Stack height APCM Permissible Limits No. attached to in meter Reaction HCL 9 meter HCL - 20 mg/NM 3 1 vessel (Worse Case: Two packed Product No.- columns water 37(A),51(B),72) scrubbers followed by two packed 3 Reaction HCL 9 meter column caustic HCL - 20 mg/NM 3 2 vessel Cl 2 scrubbers followed Cl 2 - 9 mg/NM (Worse Case: by the final Product No.- common caustic tail 3,15) scrubber. 3 3 Reaction HCL 9 meter HCL - 20 mg/NM 3 vessel SO 2 SO 2 - 40 mg/NM (Worse Case: Product No.- 37(B),45,52)
ANNEXURE-8 DETAILS OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS STORAGE AND HANDLING
Sr. Name of the Type of hazard Kind of Max. Vessel No. of Tanks No. material Storage Quantity to Capacity /drums or be stored carboys (MT) 1 Chlorine Toxic Tonner 10 2 20 Nos. 2 Ethylene Flammable/Toxic Tank 20 10 2 dichloride(EDC) 3 Toluene Flammable/Toxic Tank 5 5 1 4 benzotrichloride Toxic Tank 15 5 3 5 Benzoicic acid Toxic Tank 5 5 1 6 Monochloroacetic Toxic Tank 10 10 1 acid 7 2-Ethylhexanoic Toxic Tank 10 10 1 acid 8 Thionyl Chloride Corrosive Tank 15 5 3 9 Butanol Flammable/Toxic Drums 2 200 lit 10 10 Tert-butanol Drums 1 200 lit 5 11 Hydrochloric acid Corrosive Tank 5 5 1 gas 12 Isopropanol Flammable/Toxic Drums 2 200 lit 10 13 Hydrobromic acid Toxic Drums 2 200 lit 10 14 n-Heptanol Flammable/Toxic Drums 2 200 lit 10 15 n-Hexanol Flammable/Toxic Drums 2 200 lit 10 16 Heptanoic acid Toxic Tank 10 1 1 17 Hexanoic acid Toxic Tank 10 1 1 ANNEXURE-9 SOCIO - ECONOMIC IMPACTS
1) EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES The manpower requirement is expected to generate some permanent jobs and secondary jobs for the operation and maintenance of plant. This will increase direct/indirect employment opportunities and ancillary business development to some extent for the local population. This phase is expected to create a beneficial impact on the local socio-economic environment.
2) INDUSTRIES Require raw materials and skilled & unskilled laborers will be utilized maximum from local area. The increasing industrial activity will boost the commercial and economical status of the locality, to some extent.
3) PUBLIC HEALTH The company will regularly examine, inspects and tests its emission from sources to make sure that the emission will keep below the permissible limit. Hence, there will not be any significant change in the status of sanitation and the community health of the area, as sufficient measures will be taken under the EMP.
4) TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION Since the existing site is having proper linkage for transport and communication, the development of this project will not cause any additional impact.
In brief, as a result of the proposed expansion project, there will be no adverse impact on sanitation, communication and community health, as sufficient measures will be proposed to be taken under the EMP. Hence, proposed expansion project is not expected to make any significant change in the existing status of the socio - economic environment of this region.
ANNEXURE – 10 PROPOSED DRAFT TERMS OF REFERENCE
1. Project Description • Justification of project. • Promoters and their back ground • Project site location along with site map of 10 km area and site details providing various industries, surface water bodies, forests etc. • Project cost • Project location and Plant layout. • Infrastructure facilities • Water source and utilization including water balance. • List of Products & their production capacity • Details of manufacturing process of products • List of hazardous chemicals • Storage and Transportation of raw materials and products.
2. Description of the Environment and Baseline Data Collection • Micrometeorological data for wind speed, direction, temperature, humidity and rainfall in 5 km area. • Other industries in the impact area • Prevailing environment quality standards • Existing environmental status vis a vis air, water, noise, soil in 10 km area from the project site. • Ground water quality at 5-6 locations within 10 km. • Complete water balance
3. Socio Economic Data • Existing socio-economic status, land use pattern and infrastructure facilities available in the study area were surveyed.
4. Impacts Identification and Mitigatory Measures • Identification of impacting activities from the proposed expansion project during construction and operational phase. • Impact on air and mitigation measures including green belt • Impact on water environment and mitigation measures • Soil pollution source and mitigation measures • Noise generation and control. • Hazardous/Solid waste quantification and disposal. • Control of fugitive emissions
5. Environmental Management Plan • Details of pollution control measures • Environment management team • Proposed schedule for environmental monitoring including
6. Risk Assessment • Objectives, Philosophy and methodology of risk assessment • Details on storage facilities • Process safety, transportation, fire fighting systems, safety features and emergency capabilities to be adopted. • Identification of hazards • Consequence analysis • Recommendations on the basis of risk assessment done • Disaster Management Plan.
7. Information for Control of Fugitive Emissions 8. Information on Rain Water Harvesting 9. Green Belt Development plan
ANNEXURE – 11 COPY OF LAND POSSESSION / PLOT ALLOTMENT DOCUMENT
CERTIFICATE FOR THE LAND USED FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSE.