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National Integrated Water Resource Management Diagnostic Report Papua New Guinea

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National Integrated Water Resource Management Diagnostic Report Papua New Guinea Sustainable Integrated Water Resources and Wastewater Management in Pacific Island Countries National Integrated Water Resource Management Diagnostic Report Papua New Guinea Published Date: November 2007 Draft SOPAC Miscellaneous Report 243 ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency ANU Australian National University AusAID Australian Agency for International Development BCL Bougainville Copper Limited CBD Convention on Biodiversity CBO Community-based Organization CI Conservation International CRC Conservation Resource Center CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation DAL Department of Agriculture and Livestock DEC Department of Environment and Conservation DNPM Department of National Planning and Monitoring DoH Department of Health DoW Department of Works DPE Department of Petroleum and Energy DPLLGA Department of Provincial and Local Level Government Affairs EDF European Development Fund EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone ENSO El Nino Southern Oscillation FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FIMS Forest Information and Mapping System FSP Full-size Project GEF Global Environment Facility GIS Geographical Information System GULLG Goroka Urban Local Level Government GPNG Government of PN ICAD Integrated Conservation and Development ICCC Independent Consumer and Competition Commission IHP International Hydrological Program ILG Incorporated Landowner Group ITCZ Inter-tropical Convergence Zone 2 IWP PNG International Waters Program PNG IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management JICA Japanese International Cooperation LDS Lutheran Development Services MEA Multi-lateral Environmental Agreements MTDS Medium Term Development Strategy NCAA National Civil Aviation Authority NCDC National Capital District Commission NDO National Disaster Office NDR National Diagnostic Report NEC National Executive Council NGO Non-government Organisation NWRMP National Water Resources Management Policy NWS National Weather Service NWSP National Water Services Policy NWV National Water Vision Pacific RAP Pacific Regional Action Plan on Sustainable Water Management PDF Project Development Facility PICs Pacific Island Countries PNG Papua New Guinea PNGFA PNG Forest Authority PNGGS PNG Geological Survey PNGRIS PNG Resource Information System SPREP Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Program TNC The Nature Conservancy ULLG Urban Local Level Government UNCCD United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity UNDP United Nations Development Program UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change V&A Vulnerability and Adaptation WMO World Meteorological Organization WRM Water Resources Management WWF World Wide Fund for Nature 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS....................................................................................................................................... 2 Table of Contents................................................................................................................................4 List of Figures and Tables...................................................................................................................5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................................... 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................... 8 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................... 10 2. General overview.......................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Geographical location and topography......................................................................................................................11 2.2 Geology and geomorphology.................................................................................................................................... 14 2.3 Soils........................................................................................................................................................................... 16 2.4 Climate.......................................................................................................................................................................16 2.5 Vegetation..................................................................................................................................................................17 2.6 Hydrology and hydrogeology....................................................................................................................................17 2.7 Demography.............................................................................................................................................................. 18 2.8 Agriculture.................................................................................................................................................................18 2.9 Government............................................................................................................................................................... 18 2.10 Socio-economy........................................................................................................................................................ 19 3. IWRM in PNG – current status, constraints and possible remedies............................................. 20 3.1 Water resources management....................................................................................................................................20 3.1.1 Types of freshwater resources............................................................................................................................ 20 3.1.2 Types of freshwater uses.................................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.3 Major issues and concerns..................................................................................................................................22 3.1.4 Measures to manage impacts and concerns........................................................................................................24 3.2 Island vulnerability....................................................................................................................................................26 3.2.1 Types of disasters............................................................................................................................................... 26 3.2.2 Major issues and concerns..................................................................................................................................29 3.2.3 Measures to manage impacts and concerns........................................................................................................30 3.3 Awareness..................................................................................................................................................................31 3.3.1 Types of awareness campaigns and advocacy initiatives...................................................................................31 3.3.2 Major issues and concerns..................................................................................................................................32 3.3.3 Measures to manage impacts and concerns........................................................................................................33 3.4 Technology................................................................................................................................................................ 33 3.4.1 Types of water supply systems...........................................................................................................................33 3.4.2 Types of wastewater/sanitation systems.............................................................................................................35 3.4.3 Major issues and concerns..................................................................................................................................35 3.4.4 Measures to manage impacts and concerns........................................................................................................36 3.5 Institutional arrangements......................................................................................................................................... 37 3.5.1 Types of institutional arrangements....................................................................................................................37 3.5.2 Major issues and concerns..................................................................................................................................40 3.5.3 Measures to manage impacts and concerns........................................................................................................43 3.6 Finance.......................................................................................................................................................................44 3.6.1 Types of financing arrangements........................................................................................................................44 3.6.2 Major issues and concerns..................................................................................................................................45
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