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Harian Rakjat Sebagai Alat Kampanye Pki Dalam Pemilu 1955

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Harian Rakjat Sebagai Alat Kampanye Pki Dalam Pemilu 1955 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI HARIAN RAKJAT SEBAGAI ALAT KAMPANYE PKI DALAM PEMILU 1955 SKRIPSI Disusun Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sastra Program Studi Sejarah Oleh: Bimo Bagas Basworo NIM 144314006 PROGRAM STUDI SEJARAH FAKULTAS SASTRA UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA 2019 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI If you wanna make the world a better place Take a look at yourself and then make that change! (Man in the Mirror – Michael Jackson) v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Skripsi ini saya persembahkan untuk seluruh keluarga, dosen, dan teman saya yang selama ini tidak pernah berhenti mendukung saya. vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK Bimo Bagas Basworo, Harian Rakjat Sebagai Alat Kampanye PKI Dalam Pemilu 1955. Skripsi. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Sejarah, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2019. Skripsi berjudul Harian Rakjat Sebagai Alat Kampanye PKI Dalam Pemilu 1955 bertujuan untuk meneliti peranan surat kabar Harian Rakjat untuk mengkampanyekan PKI pada pemilihan umum 1955. Penelitian ini akan menjawab tiga pertanyaan. Pertama, peranan apa yang dimainkan oleh Harian Rakjat pada kampanye PKI pada pemilu tersebut. Kedua, isu apa saja yang digunakan surat kabar tersebut pada kampanye ini. Ketiga, seberapa besar peranan Harian Rakjat bagi kesuksesan yang diraih PKI pada pemilu 1955. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah, yakni pengumpulan sumber, kritik sumber, interpretasi atau analisis data, dan penulisan atau historiografi. Sumber yang digunakan adalah arsip koran Harian Rakjat tahun 1954-1955 dan sumber sekunder terkait. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori pers komunis yang dikemukakan oleh Hachten. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan peranan besar Harian Rakjat pada keberhasilan yang diraih oleh PKI pada Pemilu 1955. Surat kabar ini aktif mendukung kampanye dan propaganda PKI melalui berbagai saluran, mulai dari artikel, karikatur, hingga cerita bergambar. Surat kabar ini juga berperan sebagai penyedia bahan-bahan propaganda dan latihan pemilu bagi anggota-anggota cabang PKI diberbagai PKI. Kata kunci: Harian Rakjat, Partai Komunis Indonesia, Pemilihan Umum 1955. viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT Bimo Bagas Basworo, Harian Rakjat Sebagai Alat Kampanye PKI Dalam Pemilu 1955. An Undergraduate Thesis. Yogyakarta: Department of History, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2019. This study entitled Harian Rakjat Sebagai Alat Kampanye PKI Dalam Pemilu 1955 is aimed to investigate the roles of a newspaper called Harian Rakjat to campaign Indonesian Communist Party (Partai Komunis Indonesia, PKI) in 1955 election. This research will answer three questions. They are (1) “What role does Harian Rakjat play in PKI campaign in the election?” (2) “What issue used in the newspaper for the campaign?” and (3) “How huge is Harian Rakjat role for the success of PKI in 1955 election?” This research used historical method, namely source gathering, source critics, data interpretation or analysis, and writings or historiography. The source used for this study was Harian Rakjat newspaper archives around 1954-1955 and related secondary source. This study used communist press theory stated by Hatchen. The result of this study shows the huge role of Harian Rakjat towards the success of PKI in 1955 election. This newspaper actively supported PKI campaigns and propagandas through many media, from articles, caricatures, until comics. This newspaper also played a role as propaganda media provider and election practice for members of PKI. Keywords: Harian Rakjat, Partai Komunis Indonesia, Pemilihan Umum 1955. ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI KATA PENGANTAR Ucapan syukur dan terima kasih saya ucapkan kepada: 1. Dosen Ilmu Sejarah, Pak Rio, Pak Hery, Mas Heri, Mas Yerry, Romo Baskara, Romo Banar, Pak Purwanta, Pak Sandiwan, dan Bu Ning, yang telah banyak membimbing dan dan mendukung saya sejak awal masuk kuliah hingga saat ini. 2. Kedua Orang Tua saya, dan seluruh keluarga saya yang selama ini terus membantu, mendukung, dan memotivasi saya supaya tetap semangat untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 3. Mas Doni sebagai Sekretaris Prodi Sejarah yang selama ini membantu saya mengurus administrasi kuliah 4. Teman-teman Sejarah Angkatan 2014, Fajar, Ara, Hendy, Rosma, Edut, Tiur, Omi, Vendy, Berang, Ageng, Gustan, Gerrard, dan Katon yang tidak pernah lelah menemani dan mendukung saya selama ini. 5. Teman-teman Jurusan Sejarah lainnya yang tidak bisa saya sebutkan satu persatu yang selama ini telah menemani dan menghibur saya. 6. Teman-teman “De Kantiners”, Eko, Oom Irawan, Mas Deaz, Pitrus, dan lainnya, yang telah banyak membantu saya. 7. Semua staf Mikrofilm Perpustakaan Nasional yang sudah direpotkan dengan pesanan scan dari saya selama 2 bulan penelitian ini berlangsung. 8. Kepada teman-teman lain yang tidak bisa saya sebutkan satu persatu, yang telah membantu memberikan informasi dan mendukung saya selama mengerjakan skripsi ini. x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Saya sadar bahwa masih banyak kekurangan dalam penelitian ini. Saya harap semoga skripsi ini dapat mendorong munculnya penelitian-penelitian lain yang akan melengkapi, ataupun menyanggah hasil dari penelitian ini. Yogyakarta, 4 Desember, 2018 Penulis xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................... i HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING ..................................................... ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................... iii HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA ........................................... iv MOTTO .................................................................................................................. v HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ............................................................................ vi LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN ..................................................... vii PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS ......... vii ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... ix KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................ x DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... xii DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xiv DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ xv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................ xvi BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah............................................................................... 1 B. Pembatasan Masalah .................................................................................... 3 C. Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................................ 3 D. Tujuan Penelitian ......................................................................................... 4 E. Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................................... 4 F. Kajian Pustaka ............................................................................................. 5 G. Landasan Teori ........................................................................................... 10 H. Metode Penelitian ...................................................................................... 12 I. Sistematika Penulisan ................................................................................ 12 BAB II PKI DAN HARIAN RAKJAT ................................................................. 14 A. Membangkitkan Kembali Partai ................................................................ 14 B. Sejarah Singkat Harian Rakjat .................................................................. 16 C. Njoto: Tokoh di Balik Harian Rakjat ........................................................ 22 BAB III KAMPANYE PEMILU 1955 DI HARIAN RAKJAT ............................. 26 A. Harian Rakjat dan Pemilu .......................................................................... 26 B. Masa Persiapan Kampanye ........................................................................ 27 1. Membela Kabinet, Menyerang Oposisi .................................................. 27 2. Masjumi, Darul Islam, dan Modal Asing ............................................... 28 3. Demonstrasi Masjumi dan BKOI ........................................................... 31 4. Pembentukan Panitia Pemilihan Indonesia ............................................ 35 5. Ceramah Umum dan Rapat Umum PKI ................................................. 37 C. Masa Awal Kampanye ............................................................................... 37 1. Demokrasi Rakyat .................................................................................. 39 2. Kampanye PKI ......................................................................................
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