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Manuel Moschopoulos' Parafrase Van Ilias A KU LEUVEN FACULTEIT LETTEREN BLIJDE INKOMSTSTRAAT 21 BUS 3301 3000 LEUVEN, BELGIË Manuel Moschopoulos’ parafrase van Ilias A Inleiding, vertaling en commentaar Leontien Vanderschelden Masterproef aangeboden binnen de opleiding master in de Taal- en Letterkunde Promotor dr. Reinhart Ceulemans Academiejaar 2014-2015 276.575 tekens 1 Abstract This paper discusses the paraphrase of the first book of the Iliad, composed by Manuel Moschopoulos at the end of the thirteenth century. It intends to provide a framework that facilitates our understanding of the origins of the literary form of paraphrasis, and, in particular, of Moschopoulos’s paraphrase. The period in which Moschopoulos lived was a period of cultural development, known as the Palaeologan Renaissance (1261-ca. 1360). Strictly speaking, it was not a renaissance, since the tradition of studying ancient Greek literature had continued uninterruptedly since Antiquity. Moschopoulos flourished in an intellectual milieu that also produced scholars such as Maximos Planudes, Demetrios Triklinios and Thomas Magistros, who are also introduced in this paper. They were all teachers in a certain stage of their lives and part of their work was written for the purpose of teaching, as was the paraphrase of Moschopoulos. It offered students the text of the Iliad in the Attic language, which at that time was considered the ideal language in Byzantium, and replaces the archaic artistic language of Homer with words that were more commonly used. As Homer’s Iliad was still the most important schoolbook in Byzantium, it continued to be studied and commented upon, not only in Moschopoulos’s time, but earlier too, for example in de twelfth century by Johannes Tzetzes, Isaak Porfyrogennetos and Eustathios, archbishop of Thessaloniki. Accordingly, this paper also describes the work of these scholars. A translation of the paraphrase of Iliad A 1-317, supplemented by a commentary, constitutes the main part of this paper. The commentary contains an enumeration of the characteristics of Moschopoulos’s language, focuses on the relationship with the original text of the Iliad and surveys a few sources that Moschopoulos must have used while writing his paraphrase. 2 3 Voorwoord Het resultaat van deze masterproef heb ik vooral te danken aan mijn promotor, dr. Reinhart Ceulemans. Hij stelde dit onderwerp voor, dat me van het begin tot het eind geboeid heeft en me nog zal blijven boeien. Hij heeft me gedurende het hele proces geholpen met elk probleem dat zich stelde. Ik wil ook mijn ouders bedanken voor hun steun tijdens het tot stand komen van het hele werk. Daarnaast wil ik mijn dank richten tot drie mensen die wat tijd hebben uitgetrokken om mijn vertaling te lezen en indien nodig opmerkingen te geven. Dit zijn Gaëlle Ouvrein, Melanie Hacke en Dries Van Camp. Melanie Hacke heeft ook het abstract van deze paper nagelezen op taalfouten. 4 5 Inhoud Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Voorwoord .............................................................................................................................................. 4 1. Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................... 8 2. De Paleologische Renaissance in Byzantium ................................................................................. 10 2.1 Historische context ................................................................................................................ 10 2.2 Byzantijnse geleerden en literatuur ...................................................................................... 13 2.2.1 Onderwijs ...................................................................................................................... 15 2.2.2 Maximos Planudes......................................................................................................... 17 2.2.3 Demetrios Triklinios ....................................................................................................... 20 2.2.4 Thomas Magistros ......................................................................................................... 22 3. Homeros in Byzantium .................................................................................................................. 24 3.1 De 12e eeuw .......................................................................................................................... 24 3.1.1 Johannes Tzetzes ........................................................................................................... 25 3.1.2 Isaak Porfyrogennetos ................................................................................................... 27 3.1.3 Eustathios van Thessaloniki ........................................................................................... 28 3.2 De 13e -14e eeuw ................................................................................................................... 30 4. Manuel Moschopoulos .................................................................................................................. 34 4.1 Leven ..................................................................................................................................... 34 4.2 Werk ...................................................................................................................................... 35 5. Parafrases ...................................................................................................................................... 40 5.1 Algemeen ............................................................................................................................... 40 5.2 Homerosparafrases ............................................................................................................... 40 5.2.1 Pseudo-Psellos ............................................................................................................... 41 5.2.2 Andere parafrases van de Ilias ...................................................................................... 42 5.2.3 De indeling van Vassis ................................................................................................... 42 5.2.4 Niet-literaire parafrases ................................................................................................ 44 5.2.5 Parafrases van de Odyssee ............................................................................................ 44 5.3 Parafrases van andere auteurs .............................................................................................. 44 5.4 De Ilias-parafrase van Moschopoulos ................................................................................... 45 6. Vertaling van de parafrase van Moschopoulos (A 1-317) ............................................................. 46 7. Analyse en commentaar ................................................................................................................ 54 7.1 Kenmerken van het taalgebruik ............................................................................................ 54 7.1.1 Losse naamval wordt voorzetselconstructie ................................................................. 54 6 7.1.2 Dualis wordt meervoudsvorm ....................................................................................... 57 7.1.3 Epitheta worden omschreven ....................................................................................... 57 7.1.4 Patronymica worden voluit geschreven ........................................................................ 58 7.1.5 Persoonlijke voornaamwoorden worden steeds vermeld ............................................ 59 7.1.6 Lidwoorden worden aanwijzende voornaamwoorden ................................................. 59 7.2 Commentaar .......................................................................................................................... 59 7.3 Mogelijke bronnen van Moschopoulos ................................................................................. 68 7.3.1 Scholia op Homeros ....................................................................................................... 69 7.3.2 Lexica ............................................................................................................................. 87 7.3.3 Eustathios ...................................................................................................................... 92 7.3.4 Besluit ............................................................................................................................ 97 Conclusie ............................................................................................................................................. 100 Bibliografie .......................................................................................................................................... 102 Bijlage: Moschopoulos’ parafrase A 1-317: Griekse tekst ................................................................... 108 7 1. Inleiding Deze paper behandelt de parafrase van het eerste boek van de Ilias die Manuel Moschopoulos omstreeks het einde van de 13e eeuw geschreven heeft. In een eerste hoofdstuk wordt de historische context van het ontstaan van het werk geschetst, met een uitbreiding naar het onderwijs en de geleerden uit diezelfde periode.
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