FRANK IVY CARROLL

Summary of Professional Experience

Dr. Carroll has varied research interests, but since 1990, a major thrust of his research efforts involved development of pharmacotherapies for substance abuse. This research identified the dopamine transporter-selective analog RTI-336 as a pharmacotherapy for treating cocaine abuse. It is expected that the IND for RTI-336 will be submitted in December 2006. Other 3-phenyltropane analogs synthesized by Dr. Carroll are in development for treating nicotine addiction (smoking). Dr. Carroll’s 3-phenyltropane research also led to the development of the 3-phenyltropane radioligand [125I]RTI-55, which is presently marketed by PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Sciences. Dr. Carroll’s research also led to the development of [123I]RTI-55, now called Dopascan, as a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging ligand. It has been used to diagnose thousands of patients for Parkinson’s disease. Dr. Carroll also developed [125I]RTI-353 and [125I]iodo-MLA, which are highly useful radioligands for studying the α serotonin and 7 nicotinic receptors, respectively. Other recent and continuing research resulted in identification of mu-, delta-, and kappa-selective opioid antagonists. Dr. Carroll's kappa opioid antagonist JDTic has been selected for preclinical development as a potential pharmacotherapy for cocaine relapse. He also developed 4-nitro-PFEB as the most potent and α4β2 selective AChR antagonist thus far reported. In addition, Dr. Carroll developed other novel agonists and antagonists for α4β2 and α7 nicotinic receptors.

Education

B.S., Chemistry, Auburn University, 1957 Ph.D., Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1961

Professional Experience

1960 to date Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.

RTI Distinguished Fellow (2002 to date). Director, Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Center, Chemistry and Life Sciences Group (1975 to date). Vice President, Chemistry and Life Sciences Unit (1996 to 2001) Assistant Director, Chemistry and Life Sciences Division (1971 to 1975) Group Leader, Chemistry and Life Sciences Laboratory (1968 to 1971) Senior Chemist, Chemistry and Life Sciences Laboratory (1964 to 1968) Chemist, Natural Products Laboratory (1960 to 1964)

Honors and Awards

1993 Pacesetter Award from the National Institute on Drug Abuse 1993 Distinguished Speaker Award, North Carolina Section of American Chemical Society 1996 National Institute on Drug Abuse MERIT Award 2000 Fellow, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists 2000 Southern Chemist Award, Memphis Section of American Chemical Society

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2001 Charles H. Herty Medal, Georgia Section of American Chemical Society 2001 Margaret E. Knox Excellence Award, RTI 2002 Division of Medicinal Chemistry Award, American Chemical Society 2005 A. Nelson Voldeng Memorial Lecture Award 2006 Nathan B. Eddy Award, Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence 2006 Research Achievement Award in Drug Design and Discovery, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists

Professional Associations

American Chemical Society The Chemical Society (London) Sigma Xi Phi Lambda Upsilon Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellow, College on Problems of Drug Dependence North Carolina Society for Neuroscience Fellow, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists International Society for Heterocyclic Chemistry Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco

Professional Service

Current Special Appointments

Medicinal Chemistry Section Editor for Drug Development Research Member, Editorial Advisory Board of Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Editorial Board Member for Letters in Drug Design and Discovery Member, North Carolina Central University/National Institute on Drug Abuse Advisory Committee University of North Carolina Chemistry Advisory Board Northeastern University Center Grant Advisory Board University of Mississippi Center Grant Advisory Board University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences External Advisory Committee AAPS Drug Discovery and Design Section's Fellows Selection Committee (2005) Affiliate Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University (since 2003) Member, Basic Science Review Work Group (subgroup of the National Advisory Council on Drug Abuse) Member, Awards Committee, Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence (2006–2009)

Selected Past Special Appointments

AAPS Drug Discovery and Design Section's Fellows Selection Committee (2003) Board of Directors, College on Problems of Drug Dependence Chairman, Committee for College on Problems of Drug Dependence Drug Evaluation Committee Member, National Institute on Drug Abuse Medication Development Research Subcommittee Member, Scientific Advisory Board, Addiction Therapies, Inc.

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Books and Book Chapters

Synthesis and Physical Properties of Carbon-13 Labelled Drugs, J. A. Kepler, N. M. Chung, J. W. Lytle, M. E. Wall, and F. I. Carroll, Argonne National Laboratory First Annual Conference on Stable Isotopes in Chemistry, Biology and Medicine, May 9–11, 1973, p. 353.

Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of the α- and β-Isomers of Methadol and Acetylmethadol Hydrochlorides, F. Ivy Carroll, Charles G. Moreland, George A. Brine, and Karl G. Boldt, in QuaSAR—Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships of Analgesics, Narcotic Antagonists, and Hallucinogens, Gene Barnette, Milan Trsic, and Robert E. Willette, eds., NIDA Research Monograph No. 22, pp 410–422 (1978).

Synthesis and Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis of Arylcyclohexylamines Related to Phencyclidine, G. A. Brine, K. G. Boldt, M. L. Coleman, E. E. Williams, T. M. Krcelic, and F. I. Carroll, in Phencyclidine and Related Arylcyclohexylamines: Present and Future Applications, J. M. Kamenka, E. F. Domino, and P. Geneste, eds., NPP Books, Ann Arbor, MI, 1983, pp 13–34.

Solid State Conformation of Phencyclidine and Phencyclidine Analogs, F. Ivy Carroll, G. A. Brine, K. G. Boldt, S. W. Mascarella, Charles G. Moreland, S. J. Sumner, J. P. Burgess, and E. O. Stejskal, in Sigma and Phencyclidine-Like Compounds as Molecular Probes in Biology, E. F. Domino and J.-M. Kamenka, eds., NPP Books, Ann Arbor, 1988, pp 91–106; abstract - Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 28, 117 (1987).

4-Phenylpiperidine Analgesics, Fentanyl and Fentanyl Analogs. Methods of Synthesis, F. Ivy Carroll and George A. Brine, in Clandestinely Produced Drugs, Analogues and Precursors. Problems and Solutions, M. Klein, F. Sapienza, H. McClain, Jr., and I. Khan, eds., Drug Enforcement Administration, Washington, 1989, pp 67–90.

Phencyclidine (PCP) and Phencyclidine-like Compounds: A Molecular Graphics-Molecular Mechanics Study, F. Ivy Carroll, G. A. Brine, and S. W. Mascarella, in Problems of Drug Dependence, 1988, NIDA Research Monograph 90, 122–128 (1989).

Galanthamine Analogs as Potential Pretreatment Drugs, F. I. Carroll, J. Szewczyk, S. W. Mascarella, and A. H. Lewin in 1989 Medical Defense Bioscience Review Program, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 1989.

Cocaine Receptor-Design of Ligands, F. I. Carroll, Abraham Philip, and Anita H. Lewin in Drugs of Abuse: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Immunology, and AIDS, NIDA Monograph 96, 1990, pp 112– 121.

Synthesis and Receptor Binding of Cocaine Analogs, F. I. Carroll, M. Abdur Rahman, Abraham Philip, Anita H. Lewin, John W. Boja, and Michael J. Kuhar, in Problems of Drug Dependence 1990, NIDA Research Monograph 105, Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1991, pp 147–153.

Synthesis and In Vitro Activity of Potential Antivesicant Agents, F. Ivy Carroll, Zdzislaw Szulc, John A. Kepler, Richard W. Slauter, and Patricia K. Patetta in 1991 Medical Defense Bioscience Review, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 1991, pp 59-66.

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Synthesis, Binding Affinity (Sigma, PCP, µ Opioid), and Molecular Modeling Study of (+)- and (-)-N- Substituted N-Normetazocine Analogs, F. I. Carroll, P. Abraham, K. Parham, X. Bai, X. Zhang, G. A. Brine, S. W. Mascarella, B. R. Martin, E. L. May, S. L. Todd, C. Sauss, L. Di Paolo, P. Wallace, J. M. Walker, and W. D. Bowen, Multiple Sigma and PCP Receptor Ligands: Mechanisms for Neuromodulation and Neuroprotection, J.-M. Kamenka and E. F. Domino, eds., NPP Books, Ann Arbor, MI, 1991, 33-44.

Preliminary Evidence that GBR12909 Is Less Effective at Elevating Mesolimbic Dopamine Function than Cocaine, R. B. Rothman, A. Kim, N. Greig, B. R. de Costa, K. C. Rice, F. I. Carroll, and A. Pert, in Problems of Drug Dependence, 1991, Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Scientific Meeting, Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc., 1991, p. 338.

Important Compounds in the Cocaine Class: A Synthesis Overview, F. I. Carroll and Anita H. Lewin in Emerging Technologies and New Directions in Drug Abuse Research, Rao S. Rapaka, Alexandros Makriyannis, and Michael J. Kuhar, eds., Washington, DC, Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, NIDA Research Monograph No. 112, pp 284–299 (1991).

High Potency Cocaine Analogs: Neurochemical, Imaging, and Behavioral Studies, J. W. Boja, E. J. Cline, F. I. Carroll, A. H. Lewin, A. Philip, R. Dannals, D. Wong, U. Scheffel, and M. J. Kuhar, in The Neurobiology of Drug and Alcohol Addiction, Peter W. Kalivas and Herman H. Samson, eds., Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1992, Vol. 654, 282–291.

Tritium Labeled Methadone Metabolites: High Specific Activity α-Acetylmethadol and α-Acetyl-N- normethadol, A. T. Morehead, Jr., Pamela Lamb, Anita H. Lewin, and F. I. Carroll, in Synthesis and Applications of Isotopically Labelled Compounds 1991, E. Buncel and G. W. Kabalka, eds., Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., 1992, 82–84.

Cocaine Receptor: A Structure Activity Relationship Study, F. Ivy Carroll, Anita H. Lewin, Michael J. Kuhar, and John W. Boja, in NIDA Research Monograph, Medications Development: Drug Discovery, Databases, and Computer-Aided Drug Design, Rao S. Rapaka and Richard L. Hawks, eds., NIDA Research Monograph No. 134, pp 229–237 (1993).

3β-(Substituted phenyl)tropan-2-carboxylic Acid Ester Analogues of Cocaine. Synthesis and Biochemical and Pharmacological Properties, F. Ivy Carroll, Anita H. Lewin, John W. Boja, and Michael J. Kuhar, in Drug Design for Neuroscience, Alan P. Kozikowski, ed., Raven Press, Ltd., New York, 1993, pp 149–166.

Pharmacophore Development of (-)-Cocaine Analogs for the Dopamine, Serotonin, and Norepinephrine Uptake Sites Using QSAR and CoMFA Approach, F. I. Carroll, P. Abraham, A. H. Lewin, J. W. Boja, and M. J. Kuhar, in Trends in QSAR and Molecular Modeling '92, Proceedings of the 9th European Symposium on Structure-Activity Relationships: QSAR and Molecular Modeling, Strasbourg, France, 1992.

A Cocaine Receptor: Properties and Significance, Michael J. Kuhar, F. Ivy Carroll, John Boja, Robert Lew, Ursula Scheffel, Sakire Pogun, Rabi Simantov, and Roxanne Vaughan, in Biological Basis of Substance Abuse, Stanley G. Korenman and Jack D. Barchas, eds., Oxford University Press, New York, 1993, pp 71–80.

Hallucinogenic Agents: Drugs of Abuse as Neurochemical Tools, F. Ivy Carroll, Richard A. Glennon, M. Ross Johnson, Milt Teitler, and Dennis Zimmerman, in NIDA Research Monograph 140, Problems of Drug Dependence, 1993, Proceedings of the 55th Annual Scientific Meeting, College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc., 1993, 94–98.

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Functional Role of Sigma Receptors in the Nervous System, J. Michael Walker, Andrea G. Hohmann, Mitzi K. Hemstreet, William J. Martin, Michael Beierlein, Jennifer S. Roth, Saundra L. Patrick, F. Ivy Carroll, and Robert L. Patrick, in Aspects of Synaptic Transmission, Vol. II, Chapter 6, T. W. Stone, ed., Taylor & Francis, London, 1993, 91–112.

Metalation/Reduction as a New Approach to Tritium Labeling, H. H. Seltzman, D. N. Fleming, C. P. Laudeman, F. I. Carroll, and C. D. Wyrick, in Synthesis and Applications of Isotopically Labelled Compounds 1994, J. Allen, ed., 1995, pp 61–66.

Dopamine Transporter Uptake Blockers: Structure-Activity Relationships, F. Ivy Carroll, Anita H. Lewin, and Michael J. Kuhar, in Neurotransmitter Transporters: Structure, Function, and Regulation, Maarten E. A. Reith, ed., Humana Press Inc., Totowa, New Jersey, 1997, Chapter 9, 263–295.

Imaging Transporters for Dopamine and Other Neurotransmitters in Brain, Michael J. Kuhar, F. Ivy Carroll, Anita H. Lewin, John W. Boja, Ursula Scheffel, and Dean F. Wong, in Neurotransmitter Transporters: Structure, Function, and Regulation, Maarten E. A. Reith, ed., Humana Press Inc., Totowa, New Jersey, 1997, Chapter 11, 297–313.

Turnover of Rat Dopamine Transporter Protein in rDAT-LLC-PK1 Cells, A. P. Patel, F. I. Carroll, and M. J. Kuhar, in Neurotransmitter Release and Uptake, S. Pogun, ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg, 1997, 231–236.

Inhibition of [3H]Dopamine Translocation of [3H]Cocaine Analog Binding: A Potential Screening Device for Cocaine Antagonists, Maarten E. A. Reith, Cen Xu, F. Ivy Carroll, and Nian-Hang Chen, in Methods in Enzymology, Susan G. Amara, ed., Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, FL, 1998, Vol. 296, 248–259.

Methamphetamine Dependence: Medication Development Efforts Based on the Dual Deficit Model of Stimulant Addiction, Richard B. Rothman, John S. Partilla, Christina M. Dersch, F. Ivy Carroll, Kenner C. Rice, and Michael H. Baumann, in Neurobiological Mechanisms of Drugs of Abuse. Cocaine, Ibogaine, and Substituted Amphetamines, Syed F. Ali, ed., Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 914, 71–81 (2000).

Special Issue—Opportunities for Medication Development in Obesity, Richard B. Rothman and Ivy Carroll, Guest Editors, Drug Dev. Res., 51 (2) October 2000.

Dopamine-Transporter Uptake Blockers: Structure-Activity Relationships, F. Ivy Carroll, Anita H. Lewin, and S. Wayne Mascarella, Chapter 11 in Contemporary Neuroscience: Neurotransmitter Transporters: Structure, Function, and Regulation (2nd Edition), Maarten E. A. Reith, ed., Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 2002, 381–432.

Special Issue—PET and SPECT in Medication Development, S. John Gatley and F. Ivy Carroll, Guest Editors, Drug Dev. Res., 59 (2) June 2003.

Design and Development of Pharmacotherapies for Substance Abuse, 2006 Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Lecture, F. Ivy Carroll, NIDA Research Monograph, Problems of Drug Dependence, 2006, Proceedings of the 68th Annual Scientific Meeting, College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc., 2006 (in press).

Tropane-based Dopamine Transporter Uptake Inhibitors, Scott P. Runyon and F. Ivy Carroll, Chapter 7 in Dopamine Transporters: Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology, Mark L. Trudell, ed., Wiley Publishing, 2007 (in press).

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Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles

A Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Aliphatic Disulfides, R. G. Hiskey, F. I. Carroll, R. M. Babb, J. O. Bledsoe, R. T. Puckett, and B. W. Roberts, J. Org. Chem., 26, 1152–1155 (1961).

Chemistry of Aliphatic Disulfides. II. Cyanide Cleavage of Unsymmetrical Disulfides, R. G. Hiskey and F. I. Carroll, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 83, 4644–4647 (1961).

The Chemistry of Aliphatic Disulfides. III. Formation of Sulfides During Cleavage by Cyanide Ion, R. G. Hiskey and F. I. Carroll, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 83, 4647–4650 (1961).

N,N-Diphenylthiocarbamates as Derivatives of Mercaptans, R. G. Hiskey, F. I. Carroll, R. F. Smith, and R. T. Corbett, J. Org. Chem., 26, 4756 (1961).

Organic Sulfur Compounds. I. Synthesis of sec-Mercaptoalkylamine Hydrochlorides, F. I. Carroll, J. D. White, and Monroe E. Wall, J. Org. Chem., 28, 1236–1239 (1963).

Organic Sulfur Compounds. II. Synthesis of tert-Mercaptoalkylamine Hydrochlorides, F. I. Carroll, J. D. White, and M. E. Wall, J. Org. Chem., 28, 1240–1243 (1963).

Steroids. LXXI. The Base Catalyzed Reaction between Acetone and 20-Keto-16-pregnenes with 12β and 12α Substituents, M. E. Wall, F. I. Carroll, and G. S. Abernethy, Jr., J. Org. Chem., 29, 604–607 (1964).

Organic Sulfur Compounds. III. Synthesis of 2-(Substituted Alkylamino)ethanethiols, F. I. Carroll, H. M. Dickson, and M. E. Wall, J. Org. Chem., 30, 33–38 (1965).

Reaction of the Trichloromethyl Group with Di- and Trialkyl Phosphites, J. A. Kepler, F. I. Carroll, R. A. Garner, and M. E. Wall, J. Org. Chem., 31, 105–107 (1966).

Structure of the Isomers of 1,4-Dinitro-2,3-butanediol, F. I. Carroll, J. Org. Chem., 31, 366–368 (1966).

The Synthesis of 1,4-Dichloro-1,4-dinitro-1,3-butadiene, F. I. Carroll, Sandra C. Kerbow, and M. E. Wall, Can. J. Chem., 44, 2115–2117 (1966).

Studies Concerning the Cyclization of Some 4-Bromoacetylpiperidines to the Corresponding 3- Quinuclidinones, F. I. Carroll, Anna M. Ferguson, and Judith B. Lewis, J. Org. Chem., 31, 2957– 2962 (1966).

The Synthesis of 1-Chloro-1-nitroalkenes, F. I. Carroll and J. A. Kepler, Can. J. Chem., 44, 2909–2912 (1966).

The Synthesis of Some 1-(β-Diethylaminoethyl)-2-(p-ethoxybenzyl)-5-substituted Benzimidazoles, F. I. Carroll, R. W. Handy, J. A. Kepler, and Joan A. Gratz, J. Heterocycl. Chem., 4, 262–267 (1967).

The Use of a Protecting Group in the Synthesis of 9-Alkyl-9H-purine-6-(1H)-thiones, F. I. Carroll and P. Abraham, J. Org. Chem., 33, 3776–3779 (1968).

Steroid Derivatives of Purine-6(1H)-thione, F. I. Carroll, A. Philip, A. M. Ferguson, and M. E. Wall, J. Heterocycl. Chem., 5, 805–811 (1968).

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Preparation of Some Sulfonamide and Diaminodiphenyl Sulfone Analogs of 1,4-Naphthoquinone, F. I. Carroll, Kenneth H. Dudley, and H. Wayne Miller, J. Med. Chem., 12, 187–189 (1969).

Simple Isolation of Antimycin A1 and Some of Its Toxicological Properties, P. B. Hamilton, F. I. Carroll, J. H. Rutledge, J. E. Mason, B. S. H. Harris, C. S. Fenske, and M. E. Wall, Appl. Microbiol., 17, 102–105 (1969).

The Preparation and Reduction of 2-Methyl-2-nitro-3-benzylthiopropanol, F. I. Carroll, J. Org. Chem., 34, 466–468 (1969).

The Effects of Some Steroidal Alkylating Agents on Experimental Animal Mammary Tumor and Leukemia Systems, Monroe E. Wall, G. Shuford Abernethy, Jr., F. I. Carroll, and D. Jane Taylor, J. Med. Chem., 12, 810–818 (1969).

Synthesis of 3-Aryl-9-chlorobenzo[e]-Δ3-indoline-2,8-diones, F. I. Carroll and J. T. Blackwell, Chem. Commun., 925–926 (1969).

Synthesis of 2-Alkylnaphth[2,1-d]oxazole-4,5-diones, F. I. Carroll and J. T. Blackwell, Chem. Commun., 923–924 (1969).

Synthesis and Optical Rotatory Dispersion Studies of (S)-5-(2'-Pentyl)barbituric Acid Derivatives, F. I. Carroll and R. Meck, J. Org. Chem., 34, 2676–2680 (1969).

Synthesis of 1H-Naphth[2,3-d]imidazole-4,9-diones by Acid Catalyzed Cyclization of 2-Acylamino-3- amino-1,4-naphthoquinones, F. I. Carroll and J. T. Blackwell, J. Heterocycl. Chem., 6, 909–916 (1969).

The Synthesis of 1-(3'-N,N-Diethylaminopropyl)-2-alkylnaphth[1,2-d]imidazole-4,5-diones, F. I. Carroll, J. T. Blackwell, and H. Wayne Miller, J. Med. Chem., 13, 312–314 (1970).

Synthesis of 1,2-Disubstituted Naphth[1,2-d]imidazole-4,5-diones, F. I. Carroll and J. T. Blackwell, J. Heterocycl. Chem., 7, 297–306 (1970).

Thiosemicarbazone and Amidinohydrazone Derivatives of Some 1,4-Naphthoquinones, F. I. Carroll, H. Wayne Miller, and R. Meck, J. Chem. Soc. (C), 1993–1996 (1970).

N-Substituted Aminoethanethiols and N-Substituted Aminoethanethiol S-Sulfonic Acids as Radioprotective Agents, F. I. Carroll and M. E. Wall, J. Pharm. Sci., 59, 1350–1352 (1970).

5-Ethyl-5-(1'-methyl-3-carboxypropyl)barbituric Acid, F. I. Carroll and Philip Abraham, Org. Prep. Proc., 2, 223 (1970).

The Reaction of 2,3-Dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone with p-Nitrobenzhydrazide, F. I. Carroll and H. Wayne Miller, Org. Prep. Proc., 2, 259–263 (1970).

Synthesis of (1'RS,3'SR)- and (1'RS,3'RS)-5-Ethyl-5-(3'-hydroxy-1'-methylbutyl)barbituric Acid, F. I. Carroll and J. T. Blackwell, Chem. Commun., 1616–1617 (1970).

Structure and Conformation of Cis- and Trans-3,5-dimethylvalerolactones, F. I. Carroll and J. T. Blackwell, Tetrahedron Lett., 11 (48), 4173–4176 (1970).

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Synthesis and Alkaline Decomposition of 5-Alkyl-5-(1-methyl-3-oxobutyl)barbituric and 2- Thiobarbituric Acid Derivatives, F. I. Carroll and A. Philip, J. Med. Chem., 14, 394–396 (1971).

4-Pyridylethylene Oxide, F. I. Carroll, Org. Prep. Proc. Int., 3, 121–124 (1971).

Circular Dichroism Properties of (3S,5R)-Cis- and (3S,5S)-Trans-3,5-dimethylvalerolactones, F. I. Carroll, Asha Sobti, and R. Meck, Tetrahedron Lett., 12 (5), 405–408 (1971).

Synthesis of (3S,5R)-Cis- and (3S,5S)-Trans-3,5-dimethylvalerolactones and Their Conversion to Biotransformation Products of (S)-5-Ethyl-(2'-pentyl)barbituric Acid, F. I. Carroll and R. Meck, Synth. Commun., 1, 169–174 (1971).

Preparation and Absolute Configuration of the Optical Isomers of α-(2-Piperidyl)-3,6- bis(trifluoromethyl)-9-phenanthrenemethanol, F. I. Carroll and J. T. Blackwell, Chem. Ind. (London), 574–575 (1972).

Antitumor and Antileukemic Effects of Some Steroids and Other Biologically Interesting Compounds Containing an Alkylating Agent, F. I. Carroll, Abraham Philip, J. T. Blackwell, D. Jane Taylor, and Monroe E. Wall, J. Med. Chem., 15, 1158–1161 (1972).

Biological Activity of Pentobarbital Metabolites, H. D. Christensen, L. Barnett, and F. I. Carroll, J. Pharm. Sci., 62, 1722–1723 (1973).

Synthesis of Some 17-Substituted-3,10-ethano-5α-estranes, Frank M. Hauser, Abraham Philip, and F. I. Carroll, J. Org. Chem., 38, 3696–3700 (1973).

Metabolism of Certain Commonly Used Barbiturates, R. I. Freudenthal and F. I. Carroll, Drug Metab. Rev., 2, 265–278 (1973).

The Circular Dichroism of Barbituric Acid Derivatives. Influence of Solvents and Substituents upon the Cotton Effects of (S)-5-Alkyl-5-(2'-pentyl)barbituric Acids, F. I. Carroll and Asha Sobti, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 95, 8512–8518 (1973).

Use of Tris(dipivalomethanato)praseodymium(III) for the Determination of the Chirality of Simple Amines and Cyclic 1,2-Amino Alcohols, G. N. Mitchell and F. I. Carroll, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 94, 7912–7913 (1973).

Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of 5-Alkyl-5-(1'-methylbutyl)barbituric Acids, F. Ivy Carroll and Charles G. Moreland, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 374–376 (1974).

Optical Isomers of Aryl-2-piperidylmethanol Antimalarial Agents. Preparation, Optical Purity, and Absolute Stereochemistry, F. I. Carroll and J. T. Blackwell, J. Med. Chem., 17, 210–219 (1974).

Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Cinchona Alkaloids, Charles G. Moreland, A. Philip, and F. I. Carroll, J. Org. Chem., 39, 2413–2416 (1974).

Synthesis and Resolution of 2-Hydroxyheptanoic Acid, Frank M. Hauser, M. L. Coleman, R. C. Huffman, and F. I. Carroll, J. Org. Chem., 39, 3426–3427 (1974).

14-Hydroxycodeinone. An Improved Synthesis, Frank M. Hauser, Tek-Kuei Chen, and Frank I. Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 17, 1117 (1974).

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Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Study. Structure of the Metabolites of Orally Administered Quinidine in Humans, F. I. Carroll, Doris Smith, Monroe E. Wall, and Charles G. Moreland, J. Med. Chem., 17, 985–987 (1974).

Configuration and Conformation of cis- and trans-3,5-Dimethylvalerolactones, Frank I. Carroll, Gordon N. Mitchell, Joseph T. Blackwell, Asha Sobti, and Ronald Meck, J. Org. Chem., 39, 3890– 3896 (1974).

13C-13C Dipolar Interactions as a Relaxation Mechanism, Charles G. Moreland and F. I. Carroll, J. Magn. Reson., 15, 596–599 (1974).

Synthesis and Absolute Stereochemistry of 5-Alkyl-5-(3'-hydroxy-1'-methylbutyl)barbituric Acid and 5- Alkyl-5-(3'-hydroxy-1'-methylbutyl)-2-thiobarbituric Acids, F. I. Carroll and G. N. Mitchell, J. Med. Chem., 18, 37–41 (1975).

Etonitazene. An Improved Synthesis, Frank I. Carroll and Michael L. Coleman, J. Med. Chem., 18, 318– 320 (1975).

Resolution of Racemic Amines with α-(2,4,5,7-Tetranitro-9-fluorenylideneaminooxy)propionic Acid (TAPA), F. I. Carroll, Bertold Berrang, and C. P. Linn, Chem. Ind., 477–478 (1975).

Synthesis of Metabolites of Phenobarbital and Mephobarbital, Abraham Philip and F. I. Carroll, Org. Prep. Proc. Int., 7, 117–122 (1975).

Synthesis of Morphine-3-glucuronide, Bertold Berrang, Charles E. Twine, G. L. Hennessee, and F. I. Carroll, Synth. Commun., 5, 231–236 (1975).

Circular Dichroism and Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of (S)-5-Alkyl-5-(2'-pentyl)-2- thiobarbituric Acids, Frank I. Carroll, Abraham Philip, and Charles G. Moreland, J. Med. Chem., 19, 521–524 (1976).

Synthesis and Stereochemistry of a Metabolite Resulting from the Biotransformation of Quinidine in Man, Frank I. Carroll, Abraham Philip, and Michael C. Coleman, Tetrahedron Lett., 1757–1760 (1976).

Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Morphine Alkaloids, Frank I. Carroll, Charles G. Moreland, George A. Brine, and John A. Kepler, J. Org. Chem., 41, 996–1001 (1976).

Reduced 8-Aminoquinoline Analogues as Potential Antimalarial Agents, F. I. Carroll, J. T. Blackwell, Abraham Philip, and Charles E. Twine, J. Med. Chem., 19, 1111–1119 (1976).

Spin-Lattice Relaxation Time and NOE Measurements of Urea in Water and in Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Charles G. Moreland and F. I. Carroll, J. Magn. Reson., 23, 167–169 (1976).

Ring C Conformation of 6β-Naltrexol and 6α-Naltrexol. Evidence from Proton and Carbon-13 NMR, George A. Brine, Doriswamy Prakash, Carolyn King Hart, Dennis J. Kotchmar, Charles G. Moreland, and Frank I. Carroll, J. Org. Chem., 41, 3445–3448 (1976).

Synthesis of (-)-α-Acetylmethadol Metabolites and Related Compounds, F. I. Carroll, G. A. Brine, T. Chen., D. W. Kohl, and C. D. Welch, J. Org. Chem., 41, 3521–3524 (1976).

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The N-Demethylation of Morphine and Codeine Using Methyl Chloroformate, George A. Brine, Karl G. Boldt, Carolyn King Hart, and Frank I. Carroll, Org. Prep. Proc. Int., 8, 103–106 (1976).

Synthesis of Tricarbonyliron Complexes of A-Di-nor-17β-acetoxy-1,5(10)-estradiene, F. I. Carroll, Herbert H. Seltzman, and Frank M. Hauser, Tetrahedron Lett., 4237–4240 (1976).

The Circular Dichroism of 5-Alkyl-5-(3'-hydroxy-1'-methylbutyl)barbituric Acids, F. I. Carroll, Doris Smith, G. N. Mitchell, and A. Sobti, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 983–984 (1977).

Determination of Optically Active Thiopental, Thiamylal and Their Metabolites in Human Urine, Frank I. Carroll, Doris Smith, Lester C. Mark, Leonard Brand, and James M. Perel, Drug Metab. Disp., 5, 343–354 (1977).

Barbiturate Stereoisomers: Direction for the Future? Lester C. Mark, Leonard Brand, James M. Perel, and F. Ivy Carroll, Excerpta Med. Int. Cong., Series No. 399, 143–146 (1977).

Formamidinesulfinic Acid Reduction of Dihydrocodeinone Derivatives, G. A. Brine, K. G. Boldt, M. L. Coleman, D. J. Bradley, and F. I. Carroll, J. Org. Chem., 43, 1555–1557 (1978).

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 10-Oxa-11-deoxyprostaglandin-E1 and 10-Nor-9,11-seco- prostaglandin-F1 and Their Derivatives, F. Ivy Carroll, Frank M. Hauser, Ronald C. Huffman, and Michael C. Coleman, J. Med. Chem., 21, 321–325 (1978).

Resolution of Antimalarial Agents via Complex Formation with α-(2,4,5,7-Tetranitro-9- fluorenylideneaminooxy)propionic Acid (TAPA), F. Ivy Carroll, Bertold Berrang, and C. P. Linn, J. Med. Chem., 21, 326–330 (1978).

Synthesis of (R)-5-Alkyl-5-(1'-methyl-3'-carboxypropyl)barbituric Acids and (R)-Alkyl-5-(1'-methyl-3- carboxypropyl)-2-thiobarbituric Acids, F. Ivy Carroll and Abraham Philip, Org. Prep. Proc., 10, 21– 27 (1978).

The Identification and Measurement of Two New Metabolites of Naltrexone in Human Urine, E. J. Cone, C. W. Gorodetzky, W. D. Darwin, F. I. Carroll, G. A. Brine, and C. D. Welch, Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol., 20, 413–433 (1978).

Formylation of Arenes by α,α-Dichloromethyl Methyl Ether: An Improved Experimental Procedure, A. H. Lewin, S. R. Parker, N. B. Fleming, and F. I. Carroll, Org. Prep. Proc. Int., 10, 201–204 (1978).

Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Identification of 2-Hydroxy-3-O-methyl-6β-naltrexol as a Minor Naltrexone Metabolite, G. A. Brine, D. R. Brine, C. D. Welch, V. C. Bondeson, and F. I. Carroll, Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol., 22, 455–464 (1978).

Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Methaqualone Metabolites, G. A. Brine, M. L. Coleman, and F. I. Carroll, J. Heterocycl. Chem., 16, 25–28 (1979).

Synthesis of Some 4-Substituted 8-Amino-6-methoxyquinolines as Potential Antimalarials, F. Ivy Carroll, Bertold Berrang, C. P. Linn, and Charles E. Twine, J. Med. Chem., 22, 694–699 (1979).

Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Phencyclidine Analogs, G. A. Brine, E. E. Williams, K. G. Boldt, and F. I. Carroll, J. Heterocycl. Chem., 16, 1425–1429 (1979).

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Synthesis of 4-Alkyl- and 4-β-Alkylvinyl Derivatives of Primaquine as Potential Antimalarials, F. Ivy Carroll, Bertold D. Berrang, C. Preston Linn, J. Med. Chem., 22, 1363–1367 (1979).

Synthesis of 2,4-Disubstituted 6-Methoxy-8-aminoquinoline Analogs as Potential Antiparasitics, F. Ivy Carroll, Bertold D. Berrang, and C. Preston Linn, J. Med. Chem., 23, 581–584 (1980).

Positive Identification and Quantitation of Isomeric Cocaines by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, A. H. Lewin, S. R. Parker, and F. I. Carroll, J. Chromatog., 193 (3), 371–380 (1980).

Synthesis of Naphthyridine Derivatives as Potential Antimalarials, F. Ivy Carroll, Bertold D. Berrang, and C. Preston Linn, J. Heterocycl. Chem., 18, 941–946 (1981).

Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of Thiohexital Enantiomers, F. Ivy Carroll, Abraham Philip, D. Mark Naylor, H. D. Christensen, and W. C. Goad, J. Med. Chem., 24, 1241–1244 (1981).

Phencyclidine Metabolism: Resolution, Structure, and Biological Activity of the Isomers of the Hydroxy Metabolite, 4-Phenyl-4-(1-piperidinyl)cyclohexanol, F. Ivy Carroll, George A. Brine, Karl G. Boldt, Edward J. Cone, David Yousefnejad, D. Bruce Vaupel, and William F. Buchwald, J. Med. Chem., 24, 1047–1051 (1981).

12-s-Cis - A Novel Conformation of Retinoids, Anita H. Lewin, F. Ivy Carroll, and Charles G. Moreland, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 103, 6527–6529 (1981).

Syntheses and Conformational Analyses of Isomeric Cocaines: A 1H- and 13C-NMR Study, F. Ivy Carroll, Anita H. Lewin, and Michael L. Coleman, J. Org. Chem., 47, 13–19 (1982).

12-Carboxyretinoic Acids. Synthesis and Structure, Anita H. Lewin, M. Glenn Whaley, Steven R. Parker, F. Ivy Carroll, and Charles G. Moreland, J. Org. Chem., 47, 1799–1807 (1982).

Enantiomeric α−Aminopropiophenones (Cathinone); Preparation and Investigation, Bertold D. Berrang, Anita H. Lewin, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Org. Chem., 47, 2643–2647 (1982).

Configurationally Locked Retinoids: 13-cis-δ-Lactones of 12-Carboxyretinol and 12- Hydroxymethylretinoic Acid, Anita H. Lewin, Douglas H. Rector, Steven R. Parker, Mansukh C. Wani, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Org. Chem., 48, 222–227 (1983).

Large Temperature and Solvent Effects in the Conformational Equilibrium of Phencyclidine [1-Phenyl-1- (N-piperidyl)cyclohexane], Muthiah Manoharan, Ernest L. Eliel, and F. Ivy Carroll, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 1855–1858 (1983).

Mapping of Muscarinic Receptors of N4TGl Neuroblastoma Cells, Y. F. Chang, G. R. Lattanze, F. I. Carroll, R. K. Gordon, and P. K. Chiang, The Pharmacologist, 25, 256– (1983).

Synthesis of 4-(4'-Hydroxypiperidino)-4-phenylcyclohexanol, A Dihydroxy Phencyclidine Metabolite, George A. Brine, Karl G. Boldt, Michael L. Coleman, and F. Ivy Carroll, Org. Prep. Proc. Int., 15, 371–377 (1983).

Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Phencyclidine Analogs Substituted in the Piperidine and Aromatic Rings, G. A. Brine, K. G. Boldt, M. L. Coleman, and F. I. Carroll, J. Heterocycl. Chem., 21, 71 (1984).

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Synthesis and Characterization of trans, 13-cis- and 11-cis,13-cis-12-(Hydroxymethyl)retinol, Anita H. Lewin, Douglas H. Rector, Steven R. Parker, Mansukh C. Wani, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Org. Chem., 49, 649 (1984).

Solution Conformations of Barbituric Acid Derivatives; A 3J (13C, 1H) NMR Study, F. Ivy Carroll, Anita H. Lewin, Emily E. Williams, Jack A. Berdasco, and Charles G. Moreland, J. Med. Chem., 27, 1191–1195 (1984).

Sulfur-Interrupted 8-Amino Side Chain Analogs of 4-Methyl-5-(m-tri-fluoromethylphenoxy)primaquine as Potential Antimalarial Agents, F. Ivy Carroll, Bertold Berrang, and C. P. Linn, J. Med. Chem., 28, 1959–1962 (1985).

4-Substituted 5-[m-(Trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]primaquine Analogues as Potential Antimalarial Agents, F. Ivy Carroll, Bertold Berrang, and C. P. Linn, J. Med. Chem., 28, 1564–1567 (1985).

13 A C NMR Spectral Study of Cellulose and Glucopyranose Dissolved in the NH3/NH4SCN Solvent System, A. W. DeGroot, F. I. Carroll, and J. A. Cuculo, J. Polym. Sci., 24, 673–680 (1986).

4,5-Disubstituted Primaquine Analogs as Potential Antimalarial Agents, F. Ivy Carroll, Bertold D. Berrang, and Carl P. Linn, J. Med. Chem., 29, 1796–1798 (1986).

Synthesis and Spectral Properties of Optically Active 2-Ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine: The Primary Methadone Metabolite, G. A. Brine, K. G. Boldt, V. C. Bondeson, and F. I. Carroll, J. Heterocycl. Chem., 23, 369–374 (1986).

Enzymatic Synthesis of a False Cholinergic Neurotransmitter: Diethylaminoethyl Acetate as a Muscarinic Agonist of Acetylcholine, G. A. Miura, P. K. Chiang, R. K. Gordon, B. P. Doctor, C. E. Twine, A. Philip, J. A. Kepler, and F. I. Carroll, Gen. Pharmac., 17 (4), 477–480 (1986).

An Improved Synthesis of 1,4-Bis(2'-Methyl-6'-ethylanilino)anthraquinone, F. Ivy Carroll, John F. Sherrill, Dale E. Stelz, and Wilson M. Whaley, Org. Prep. Proc. Int., 19, 57–60 (1987).

A Practical Synthesis of (+)-Cocaine, A. H. Lewin, T. Naseree, and F. I. Carroll, J. Heterocycl. Chem., 24, 19–21 (1987).

6-Methyl-6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3α-ol 2,2-Diphenylpropionate (Azaprophen), a Highly Potent Antimuscarinic Agent, F. Ivy Carroll, Philip Abraham, Ateeq Ahmad, Michelle M. Richard, Felipe N. Padilla, Jeffrey M. Witkin, and Peter C. Chiang, J. Med. Chem., 30, 805–809 (1987).

Endoperoxides as Potential Antimalarial Agents, John A. Kepler, Abraham Philip, Y. W. Lee, H. A. Musallam, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 30, 1505 (1987).

Purification Procedures for Synthetic Dyes: Part 3 - HPLC Separation of the Components of 1,4-Bis(2,6- diisopropylanilino)anthraquinone, K. P. Mills, H. S. Freeman, W. M. Whaley, and F. I. Carroll, Dyes and Pigments, 8, 389–395 (1987).

Peptide Derivatives of Primaquine as Potential Antimalarial Agents, Abraham Philip, John A. Kepler, Bernadette H. Johnson, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 31, 870–874 (1988).

1,2,4-Trioxanes as Potential Antimalarial Agents, John A. Kepler, Abraham Philip, Y. W. Lee, Matthew C. Morey, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 31, 713–716 (1988).

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Synthesis, Absolute Configuration, and Molecular Modeling Study of Etoxadrol, a Potent Phencyclidine- like Agonist, Andrew Thurkauf, Paul C. Zenk, Robert L. Balster, Everette L. May, Clifford George, F. Ivy Carroll, S. Wayne Mascarella, Kenner C. Rice, Arthur E. Jacobson, and Mariena V. Mattson, J. Med. Chem., 31, 2257–2263 (1988).

An Improved Synthesis of Galanthamine, Jerzy Szewczyk, Anita H. Lewin, and F. I. Carroll, J. Heterocycl. Chem., 25, 1809–1811 (1988).

Solid State and Solution Conformations of Methadone Hydrochloride and Related Compounds, Susan C. J. Sumner, Charles G. Moreland, F. Ivy Carroll, George A. Brine, and Karl G. Boldt, Org. Magn. Reson., Magn. Reson. Chem., 27, 311–317 (1989).

Nonbonded 13C-14N Dipole-Dipole Interactions, C. G. Moreland, E. O. Stejskal, Susan C. J. Sumner, J. D. Memory, F. Ivy Carroll, George A. Brine, P. S. Portoghese, and George I. Birnbaum, J. Magn. Reson., 83, 173–176 (1989).

Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Fentanyl Analogs, G. A. Brine, K. G. Boldt, P.-T. Huang, D. K. Sawyer, and F. I. Carroll, J. Heterocycl. Chem., 26, 677–686 (1989).

Synthesis of [3H]WIN 35,065-2; A New Radioligand for the Cocaine Receptors, T. M. Naseree, P. Abraham, J. A. Kepler, F. I. Carroll, A. H. Lewin, and M. J. Kuhar, J. Label. Comp. Radiolabel. Pharm., 28, 1011–1016 (1990).

[3H]WIN 35,065-2: A Ligand for Cocaine Receptors in Striatum, Mary C. Ritz, John W. Boja, D. Grigoriadis, R. Zaczek, F. Ivy Carroll, Anita H. Lewin, and Michael J. Kuhar, J. Neurochem., 55, 1556–1562 (1990).

[2-[(2'-Carbamoylethyl)amino]ethyl] Phosphorothioate and Related Compounds as Potential Antiradiation Agents, F. Ivy Carroll, M. B. Gopinathan, and Abraham Philip, J. Med. Chem., 33, 2501–2508 (1990).

Synthesis of Potential 1-[1-(2-Thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine Metabolites, G. A. Brine, D. K. Sawyer, and F. I. Carroll, Org. Prep. Proced. Int., 22, 124–128 (1990).

A Concise Synthesis of (±)-, (+)- and (-)-6-Methyl-6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3α-ol, Abraham Philip, J. Bruce Pitner, Young J. Joo, David J. Triggle, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 984–985 (1990).

New, Potent Cocaine Analogs: Ligand Binding and Transport Studies in Rat Striatum, John W. Boja, F. Ivy Carroll, M. Abdur Rahman, Abraham Philip, Anita H. Lewin, and Michael J. Kuhar, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 184, 329–332 (1990).

An Improved Resolution of (±)-cis-N-Normetazocine, G. A. Brine, B. Berrang, J. P. Hayes, and F. I. Carroll, J. Heterocycl. Chem., 27, 2139–2143 (1990).

Imaging Neurotransmitter Uptake Sites in Brain, M. J. Kuhar, U. Scheffel, J. Boja, F. I. Carroll, E. Shaya, D. Wong, R. Dannals, J. Neumeyer, S. Pogun, and E. Cline, Soc. Neurosci., 16, 746 (1990).

BMY 30047: A Novel Topically Active Retinoid with Low Local and Systemic Toxicity, X. Nair, J. Quigley, K. M. Tramposch, F. I. Carroll, A. H. Lewin, and I. Kiss, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 256, 365–370 (1991).

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Synthesis and Ligand Binding of Cocaine Isomers at the Cocaine Receptor, F. Ivy Carroll, Anita H. Lewin, Philip Abraham, Karol Parham, John W. Boja, and Michael J. Kuhar, J. Med. Chem., 34, 883–886 (1991).

Crystal, Solution, and Molecular Modeling Structural Properties and Muscarinic Antagonist Activity of Azaprophen, F. I. Carroll, P. Abraham, S. W. Mascarella, P. Singh, C. G. Moreland, S. S. Sankar, Y. W. Kwon, and David J. Triggle, J. Med. Chem., 34, 1436–1440 (1991).

[125I]RTI-55: A Potent Ligand for Dopamine Transporters, John W. Boja, Amrat Patel, F. Ivy Carroll, M. Abdur Rahman, Abraham Philip, Anita H. Lewin, Theresa A. Kopajtic, and Michael J. Kuhar, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 194, 133–134 (1991).

p-Hydroxymethadone: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and CD Properties, George A. Brine, Karl G. Boldt, Doriswamy Prakash, Dennis J. Kotchmar, Virginia C. Bondeson, David J. Bradley, F. Ivy Carroll, and P. Singh, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1809–1814 (1991).

Synthesis and Stereoselective Reduction of (±)-, (+)-, and (-)-6-Substituted-6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3- one, J. Bruce Pitner, Philip Abraham, Young J. Joo, David J. Triggle, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1375–1381 (1991).

Isothiocyanate Derivatives of Cocaine: Irreversible Inhibition of Ligand Binding at the Dopamine Transporter, John W. Boja, M. Abdur Rahman, Abraham Philip, Anita H. Lewin, F. Ivy Carroll, and Michael J. Kuhar, Mol. Pharm., 39, 339–345 (1991).

RTI-4614-4: an Analog of (+)-cis-3-Methylfentanyl with a 27,000-Fold Binding Selectivity for Mu Versus Delta Opioid Binding Sites, Richard B. Rothman, Heng Xu, Mark Seggel, Arthur E. Jacobson, Kenner C. Rice, George A. Brine, and F. Ivy Carroll, Life Sci., Pharmacol. Lett., 48, PL- 111 – PL-116 (1991).

Cocaethylene Inhibits Dopamine Uptake and Produces Cocaine-like Actions in Drug Discrimination Studies, John J. Woodward, Robert S. Mansbach, F. Ivy Carroll, and Robert L. Balster, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 197, 235 (1991).

Synthesis, Ligand Binding, QSAR, and CoMFA Study of 3β-(p-Substituted phenyl)tropane-2β-carboxylic Acid Methyl Esters, F. Ivy Carroll, Yigong Gao, M. Abdur Rahman, Philip Abraham, Karol Parham, Anita H. Lewin, John W. Boja, and Michael J. Kuhar, J. Med. Chem., 34, 2719–2725 (1991).

Use of D-erythro-Sphingosine as a Pharmacologic Inhibitor of Protein Kinase C in Human Platelets, Wasiuddin A. Khan, S. Wayne Mascarella, Anita H. Lewin, Chris D. Wyrick, F. Ivy Carroll, and Yusuf A. Hannun, Biochem. J., 278, 387–392 (1991)

Potent Substituted-3β-phenyltropane Analogs of Cocaine Have Cocaine-like Discriminative Stimulus Effects, Robert L. Balster, F. Ivy Carroll, John H. Graham, Robert S. Mansbach, M. Abdur Rahman, Abraham Philip, Anita H. Lewin, and Vincent M. Showalter, Drug Alcohol Depend., 29, 145–151 (1991).

(3S)-3-Hydroxyquinidine, the Major Biotransformation Product of Quinidine. Synthesis and Conformational Studies. X-Ray Molecular Structure of (3S)-3-Hydroxyquinidine Methanesulphonate, F. Ivy Carroll, Philip Abraham, Kevan Gaetano, S. Wayne Mascarella, Ronald A. Wohl, Joan Lind, and Karl Petzoldt, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 3017–3026 (1991).

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Synthesis, Molecular Modeling Studies, and Muscarinic Receptor Activity of Azaprophen Analogues, D. J. Triggle, Y. W. Kwon, P. Abraham, J. B. Pitner, S. W. Mascarella, and F. I. Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 34, 3164–3171 (1991).

Modeling and Dynamics of Human Synovial Fluid Phospholipase A2, Lisa M. Balbes and F. Ivy Carroll, Med. Chem. Res., 1, 283–288 (1991).

[123I]3β-(4-Iodophenyl)tropan-2β-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester (RTI-55), A Unique Cocaine Receptor Ligand for Imaging the Dopamine and Serotonin Transporters in Vivo, F. Ivy Carroll, M. Abdur Rahman, Philip Abraham, Karol Parham, Anita H. Lewin, Robert F. Dannals, Elias Shaya, Ursula Scheffel, Dean F. Wong, John W. Boja, and Michael J. Kuhar, Med. Chem. Res., 1, 289–294 (1991).

Synthesis and Ligand Binding of 3β-(3-Substituted Phenyl)- and 3β-(3,4-Disubstituted Phenyl)tropane- 2β-carboxylic Acid Methyl Esters, F. Ivy Carroll, Michael A. Kuzemko, Yigong Gao, Philip Abraham, Anita H. Lewin, John W. Boja, and Michael J. Kuhar, Med. Chem. Res., 1, 382–387 (1992).

N-Modified Analogues of Cocaine: Synthesis and Inhibition of Binding to the Cocaine Receptor, Philip Abraham, J. Bruce Pitner, Anita H. Lewin, John W. Boja, Michael J. Kuhar, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 35, 141–144 (1992).

2β-Substituted Analogs of Cocaine. Synthesis and Inhibition of Binding to the Cocaine Receptor, Anita H. Lewin, Yigong Gao, Philip Abraham, John W. Boja, Michael J. Kuhar, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 35, 135–140 (1992).

Cocaine Receptor: Biochemical Characterization and Structure-Activity Relationships for the Dopamine Transporter, F. Ivy Carroll, Anita H. Lewin, John W. Boja, and Michael J. Kuhar, J. Med. Chem., 35, 969–981 (1992).

Synthesis, Binding (Sigma Site) and Pharmacophore Model of N-Substituted N-Normetazocine and N- Nordeoxymetazocine Analogs, F. I. Carroll, X. Bai, X. Zhang, G. A. Brine, S. W. Mascarella, L. Di Paolo, P. Wallace, J. M. Walker, and W. D. Bowen, Med. Chem. Res., 2, 3–9 (1992).

Probes for the Cocaine Receptor. Potentially Irreversible Ligands for the Dopamine Transporter, F. Ivy Carroll, Yigong Gao, Philip Abraham, Anita H. Lewin, Robert Lew, Amrat Patel, John W. Boja, and Michael J. Kuhar, J. Med. Chem., 35 (10), 1813–1817 (1992).

In Vivo Imaging of Dopamine Reuptake Sites in the Primate Brain Using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Iodine-123 Labeled RTI-55, Elias K. Shaya, Ursula Scheffel, Robert F. Dannals, George A. Ricaurte, F. Ivy Carroll, Henry N. Wagner, Jr., Michael J. Kuhar, and Dean F. Wong, Synapse, 10, 169–172 (1992).

Behavioral Effects of Novel Cocaine Analogs: A Comparison with In Vivo Receptor Binding Potency, Elizabeth J. Cline, Ursula Scheffel, John W. Boja, F. Ivy Carroll, Jonathan L. Katz, and Michael J. Kuhar, J. Pharm. Exp. Ther., 260, 1174–1179 (1992).

Amide Analogs of (±)-cis-N-[1-(2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-3-methyl-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamide: Highly Selective Ligands for the Mu Opioid Binding Site, George A. Brine, Peter A. Stark, F. Ivy Carroll, Heng Xu, Bruce Lewis, and Richard B. Rothman, Med. Chem. Res., 2, 41–47 (1992).

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Enantiomers of (±)-cis-N-[1-(2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-3-methyl-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamide: Influence of the Hydroxyl Group, George A. Brine, Peter A. Stark, F. Ivy Carroll, Heng Xu, and Richard B. Rothman, Med. Chem. Res., 2, 34–40 (1992).

A Cocaine Analog and a GBR Analog Label the Same Protein in Rat Striatal Membranes, Amrat Patel, John W. Boja, John Lever, Robert Lew, Rabi Simantov, F. Ivy Carroll, Anita H. Lewin, Abraham Philip, Yigong Gao, and Michael J. Kuhar, Brain Res., 576, 173–174 (1992).

[123/125I]RTI-55, an in Vivo Label for the Serotonin Transporter, Ursula Scheffel, Robert F. Dannals, Elizabeth J. Cline, George A. Ricaurte, F. Ivy Carroll, Philip Abraham, Anita H. Lewin, and Michael J. Kuhar, Synapse, 11, 134–139 (1992).

A New Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 2-Methyl-2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]-nonane-7α-ol, F. Ivy Carroll, Philip Abraham, J. Bruce Pitner, S. D. Jablonski, P. Singh, Yong Wha Kwon, and David J. Triggle, Chem. Commun., 795–796 (1992).

Stimulus Generalization from Cocaine to Analogs with High In Vitro Affinity for Dopamine Uptake Sites, E. J. Cline, P. Terry, F. Ivy Carroll, M. J. Kuhar, and J. L. Katz, Behav. Pharmacol., 3, 113– 116 (1992).

Synthesis and Muscarinic Receptor Activity of Ester Derivatives of 2-Substituted 2- Azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-5-ol and -6-ol, F. Ivy Carroll, Philip Abraham, Sanjay Chemburkar, Xu- Chang He, S. Wayne Mascarella, Yong Wha Kwon, and David J. Triggle, J. Med. Chem., 35, 2184– 2191 (1992).

Isopropyl and Phenyl Esters of 3β-(4-Substituted phenyl)tropan-2β-carboxylic Acids. Potent and Selective Compounds for the Dopamine Transporter, F. Ivy Carroll, Philip Abraham, Anita H. Lewin, Karol A. Parham, John W. Boja, and Michael J. Kuhar, J. Med. Chem., 35, 2497–2500 (1992).

Enantiomeric N-Substituted N-Normetazocines: A Comparative Study of Affinities at σ, PCP, and µ Opioid Receptors, F. I. Carroll, P. Abraham, K. Parham, X. Bai, X. Zhang, G. A. Brine, S. W. Mascarella, B. R. Martin, E. L. May, C. Sauss, L. Di Paolo, P. Wallace, J. M. Walker, and W. D. Bowen, J. Med. Chem., 35, 2812–2818 (1992).

Base-Catalyzed C-2 Exchange and Epimerization of Cocaine Analogs: Methyl 3β-Substituted 8-Methyl- 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylates, John F. Casale, Anita H. Lewin, J. Phillip Bowen, and F. I. Carroll, J. Org. Chem., 57, 4906–4912 (1992).

High-Affinity Binding of [125I]RTI-55 to Dopamine and Serotonin Transporters in Rat Brain, J. W. Boja, W. M. Mitchell, A. Patel, T. A. Kopajtic, F. I. Carroll, A. H. Lewin, P. Abraham, and M. J. Kuhar, Synapse, 12, 27–36 (1992).

In Vivo Binding of [125I]RTI-55 to Dopamine Transporters: Pharmacology and Regional Distribution with Autoradiography, Elizabeth J. Cline, Ursula Scheffel, John W. Boja, W. Mark Mitchell, F. Ivy Carroll, P. Abraham, Anita H. Lewin, and Michael J. Kuhar, Synapse, 12, 37–46 (1992).

Synthesis of 2-(3-Substituted-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes and 2α-(3- Substituted-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-enes as Potential Muscarinic Agonists, David J. Triggle, Yong Wha Kwon, Philip Abraham, M. Abdur Rahman, and F. I. Carroll, Pharm. Res., 9, 1474-1479 (1992).

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Cocaine and GBR12909 Produce Equivalent Motoric Responses at Different Occupancy of the Dopamine Transporter, Richard B. Rothman, Nigel Grieg, Andrew Kim, Brian R. de Costa, Kenner C. Rice, F. Ivy Carroll, and Agu Pert, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 43, 1135–1142 (1992).

Dopamine Transporter Imaging with Novel, Selective Cocaine Analogs, U. Scheffel, R. F. Dannals, D. F. Wong, F. Yokoi, F. I. Carroll, and M. J. Kuhar, Neuroreport, 3, 969–972 (1992).

Selective Dopamine Transporter Inhibition by Cocaine Analogs, John W. Boja, Rebecca M. McNeill, Anita H. Lewin, Philip Abraham, F. Ivy Carroll, and Michael J. Kuhar, Neuroreport, 3, 984–986 (1992).

Novel Inhibitor of Phospholipase A2 with Topical Anti-inflammatory Activity, Kenneth M. Tramposch, Steven A. Steiner, Paul L. Stanley, David O. Nettleton, R. C. Franson, Anita H. Lewin, and F. Ivy Carroll, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 189, 272–279 (1992).

Dopamine Transport: Pharmacological Distinction between the Synaptic Membrane and the Vesicular Transporter in Rat Striatum, W. Rostene, J. W. Boja, D. Scherman, F. I. Carroll, and M. J. Kuhar, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 218, 175–177 (1992).

A New Approach to Tritium Labeling. The Synthesis of [3H]Ibogaine, Herbert H. Seltzman, Denise F. Odear, F. Ivy Carroll, and Christopher D. Wyrick, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1757–1758 (1992).

Synthesis and Spectral Analysis of (±)-cis-N-[1-(2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-3-methyl-4-piperidyl]-N- phenylpropanamide and (±)-cis-N-[1-(2-Hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)-3-methyl-4-piperidyl]-N- phenylpropanamide, G. A. Brine, D. K. Sawyer, P.-T. Huang, P. A. Stark, K. D. Gaetano, and F. I. Carroll, J. Heterocycl. Chem., 29, 1773–1779 (1992).

3β-(4'-Chlorophenyl)tropan-2β-carboxamides and Cocaine Amide Analogues: New High Affinity and Selective Compounds for the Dopamine Transporter, F. Ivy Carroll, Pravin Kotian, Jeffrey L. Gray, Philip Abraham, Michael A. Kuzemko, Anita H. Lewin, John W. Boja, and Michael J. Kuhar, Med. Chem. Res., 3, 468–472 (1993).

Synthesis of 3-Halomethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2,5-methano-1H-2-benzazepines and Their Rearrangement to 4-Halo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-2,6-methano-2-benzazocines, Bruce E. Blough, S. Wayne Mascarella, Richard B. Rothman, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 758–760 (1993).

Synthesis and Cocaine Receptor Affinities of 3-Phenyl-2-(3'-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5'-yl)tropane Isomers, F. Ivy Carroll, Philip Abraham, Michael A. Kuzemko, Jeffrey L. Gray, Anita H. Lewin, John W. Boja, and Michael J. Kuhar, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., (1), 44–46 (1993).

A Comparison of (-)-Deoxybenzomorphans Devoid of Opiate Activity with Their Dextrorotatory Phenolic Counterparts Suggests Role of σ2 Receptors in Motor Function, J. Michael Walker, Wayne D. Bowen, Saundra L. Patrick, Wanda E. Williams, S. Wayne Mascarella, Xu Bai, and F. Ivy Carroll, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 231, 61-68 (1993); Erratum: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 236, 495 (1993).

Synthesis and Ligand Binding at PCP Sites 1 and 2 for Hexahydro-2-substituted-1-methylindeno[1,2- b]pyrroles, F. Ivy Carroll, Bruce E. Blough, S. Wayne Mascarella, Heng Xu, Carl B. Goodman, and Richard B. Rothman, Med. Chem. Res., 3, 178–182 (1993).

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The Enantioselectivity of Binding to the NMDA-Coupled Phencyclidine Receptor: A Molecular Modeling Study, S. Wayne Mascarella and F. Ivy Carroll, Med. Chem. Res., 3, 419–427 (1993).

Studies of the Biogenic Amine Transporters. II. A Brief Study on the Use of [3H]DA-Uptake-Inhibition to Transporter-Binding-Inhibition Ratios for the in Vitro Evaluation of Putative Cocaine Antagonists, Richard B. Rothman, Karen M. Becketts, Lillian R. Radesca, Brian R. de Costa, Kenner C. Rice, F. Ivy Carroll, and Christina M. Dersch, Life Sci., Pharmacol. Lett., 53(17), PL267– 272 (1993).

3-Aryl-2-(3'-substituted-1',2',4'-oxadiazol-5'-yl)tropane Analogues of Cocaine: Affinities at the Cocaine Binding Site at the Dopamine, Serotonin, and Norepinephrine Transporters, F. Ivy Carroll, Jeffrey L. Gray, Philip Abraham, Michael A. Kuzemko, Anita H. Lewin, John W. Boja, and Michael J. Kuhar, J. Med. Chem., 36, 2886–2890 (1993).

Radiosynthesis of a Photoaffinity Probe for the Cocaine Receptor of the Dopamine Transporter: 3β-(p- Chlorophenyl)tropan-2β-carboxylic Acid m-([125I]-Iodo)-p-Azidophenethyl Ester ([125I]-RTI-82), John R. Lever, F. Ivy Carroll, Amrat Patel, Philip Abraham, John Boja, Anita Lewin, and Robert Lew, J. Labelled Cpd. Radiopharm., XXXIII (12), 1131–1137 (1993).

Reduction of Isoquinoline and Pyridine-containing Heterocycles with Lithium Triethylborohydride (Super-Hydride®), Bruce E. Blough, and F. Ivy Carroll, Tetrahedron Lett., 34(45), 7239–7242 (1993).

[125I]RTI-55 Binding to Cocaine-Sensitive Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Uptake Sites in Human Brain, Karley Y. Little, Jacob A. Kirkman, F. Ivy Carroll, George R. Breese, and Gary E. Duncan, J. Neurochem., 61(6), 1996–2006 (1993).

Cocaine Use Increases [3H]WIN 35428 Binding Sites in Human Striatum, Karley Y. Little, Jacob A. Kirkman, F. Ivy Carroll, Thomas C. Clark, and Gary E. Duncan, Brain Res., 628, 17-25 (1993).

Stereochemical Requirements for Pseudoirreversible Inhibition of Opioid Mu Receptor Binding by the 3- Methylfentanyl Congeners, RTI-46144 and Its Enantiomers: Evidence for Different Binding Domains, Qi Ni, Heng Xu, J. S. Partilla, P. A. Stark, F. I. Carroll, G. A. Brine, and R. B. Rothman, Synapse, 15, 296–306 (1993).

Studies of the Biogenic Amine Transporters. I. Dopamine Reuptake Blockers Inhibit [3H]Mazindol Binding to the Dopamine Transporter by a Competitive Mechanism: Preliminary Evidence for Different Binding Domains, Christina M. Dersch, Hyacinth C. Akunne, John S. Partilla, George U. Char, Brian R. de Costa, Kenner C. Rice, F. Ivy Carroll, and Richard B. Rothman, Neurochem. Res., 19(2), 201–208 (1994).

Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of Chiral Piperazines Related to GBR 12909 as Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors, Dorota Matecka, Kenner C. Rice, Richard B. Rothman, Brian R. de Costa, John R. Glowa, Francis H. Wojnicki, Agu Pert, Clifford George, F. Ivy Carroll, Mayme L. Silverthorn, Christina M. Dersch, Karen M. Becketts, and John S. Partilla, Med. Chem. Res., 5, 43– 53 (1994).

Synthesis of a Radiotracer for Studying σ Receptors In Vivo Using PET: (+)-N-[11C]-benzyl-N- normetazocine (1S,5S,9S-(+)-cis-2-[11C]-benzyl-2'-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-6,7-benzomorphan), John L. Musachio, William B. Mathews, Hayden T. Ravert, F. Ivy Carroll, and Robert F. Dannals, J. Labelled Cpd. Radiopharm., XXXIV(1), 49–57 (1994).

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RTI-4793-14, A New Ligand with High Affinity and Selectivity for the (+)-MK801-Insensitive [3H]1-[1- (2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine Binding Site (PCP Site 2) of Guinea Pig Brain, Carl B. Goodman, D. Nigel Thomas, Agu Pert, Betsey Emilien, Jean L. Cadet, F. Ivy Carroll, Bruce E. Blough, S. Wayne Mascarella, Michael A. Rogawski, Swaminathan Subramaniam, and Richard B. Rothman, Synapse, 16, 59–65 (1994).

Synthesis and Structural Determination of 5H-Benzocyclohepten-5,8-imines, John C. DiCesare, Jason P. Burgess, S. Wayne Mascarella, F. Ivy Carroll, and Richard B. Rothman, J. Heterocycl. Chem., 31, 187–192 (1994).

Secondary Amine Analogues of 3β-(4'-Substituted phenyl)tropane-2β-carboxylic Acid Esters and N- Norcocaine Exhibit Enhanced Affinity for Serotonin and Norepinephrine Transporters, John W. Boja, Michael J. Kuhar, Theresa Kopajtic, Emily Yang, Philip Abraham, Anita H. Lewin, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 37, 1220–1223 (1994).

The Requirement for a Retinoic Acid Lactone of 11-cis,13-cis-Stereochemistry for Topical Dermatologic Activity, Anita H. Lewin, R. Richard Goehring, F. Christopher Zusi, Gerard J. Gendimenico, Xina Nair, Gary Whiting, Pamela Bouquin, Geraldine Tetrault, and F. Ivy Carroll, Pharm. Res., 11(7), 1065–1067 (1994).

Studies of the Biogenic Amine Transporters. III. Demonstration of Two Binding Sites for [3H]GBR12935 and [3H]BTCP in Rat Caudate Membranes, Hyacinth C. Akunne, Christina M. Dersch, Jean L. Cadet, Michael H. Baumann, George U. Char, John S. Partilla, Brian R. de Costa, Kenner C. Rice, F. Ivy Carroll, and Richard B. Rothman, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 268, 1462–1475 (1994).

Metallation/Reduction as a New Approach to Tritium Labeling. The Synthesis of [3H]Ibogaine, Herbert H. Seltzman, Denise F. Odear, Christopher P. Laudeman, F. Ivy Carroll, and Christopher D. Wyrick, J. Labelled Cpd. Radiopharm., XXXIV (No. 4), 367–375 (1994).

Chemical Approaches to the Treatment of Cocaine Abuse, F. Ivy Carroll, Anita H. Lewin, and Jamie Biswas, Pharm. News, 1(2), 11–16 (1994).

Synthesis of 4,4-Disubstituted Piperidine Analogs of (±)-cis-N-[1-(2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-3-methyl- 4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamide, G. A. Brine, P. A. Stark, F. I. Carroll, and P. Singh, J. Heterocycl. Chem., 31, 513–520 (1994).

Studies of the Biogenic Amine Transporters. IV. Demonstration of a Multiplicity of Binding Sites in Rat Caudate Membranes for the Cocaine Analog [125I]RTI-55, Richard B. Rothman, Jean L. Cadet, Hyacinth C. Akunne, Mayme L. Silverthorn, Michael H. Baumann, F. Ivy Carroll, Kenner C. Rice, Brian R. de Costa, John S. Partilla, Jia-Bei Wang, George Uhl, John R. Glowa, and Christina M. Dersch, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 270, 296–309 (1994).

Evaluation of Retinoids as Therapeutic Agents in Dermatology, Anita H. Lewin, Mary E. Bos, F. Christopher Zusi, Xina Nair, Gary Whiting, Pamela Bouquin, Geraldine Tetrault, and F. Ivy Carroll, Pharm. Res., 11(2), 192–200 (1994).

Synthesis, Ligand Binding, and QSAR (CoMFA and Classical) Study of 3β-(3'-Substituted phenyl)-, 3β- (4'-Substituted phenyl)-, and 3β-(3',4'-Disubstituted phenyl)tropane-2β-carboxylic Acid Methyl Esters, F. Ivy Carroll, S. Wayne Mascarella, Michael A. Kuzemko, Yigong Gao, Philip Abraham, Anita H. Lewin, John W. Boja, and Michael J. Kuhar, J. Med. Chem., 37, 2865–2873 (1994).

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A Novel Asymmetric Synthesis of 3-Benzyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-11-alkyl-2,6-methano-3- benzazocines, Xu Bai, S. Wayne Mascarella, Wayne D. Bowen, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 2401–2402 (1994).

A Novel Stereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of trans-9-Alkyl-2-benzyl-5-methyl-6,7-benzomorphans, Ali Dehghani, Xu Bai, S. Wayne Mascarella, Wayne D. Bowen, and F. Ivy Carroll, Tetrahedron Lett., 35, 8969–8972 (1994).

Stimulation of Rat Striatal Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity Following Intranigral Administration of σ Receptor Ligands, Sheri D. Weiser, Saundra L. Patrick, S. Wayne Mascarella, Jeannette Downing- Park, Xu Bai, F. Ivy Carroll, J. Michael Walker, and Robert L. Patrick, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 275, 1–7 (1995).

Cocaine and 3β-(4'-Substituted phenyl)tropane-2β-carboxylic Acid Ester and Amide Analogues. New High-Affinity and Selective Compounds for the Dopamine Transporter, F. Ivy Carroll, Pravin Kotian, Ali Dehghani, Jeffrey L. Gray, Michael A. Kuzemko, Karol A. Parham, Philip Abraham, Anita H. Lewin, John W. Boja, and Michael J. Kuhar, J. Med. Chem., 38, 379–388 (1995).

Facile Synthesis of (±)-, (+)-, and (-)-Galanthamine, Jerzy Szewczyk, Joseph W. Wilson, Anita H. Lewin, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Heterocycl. Chem., 195–199 (1995).

(+)-cis-N-(Para-, Meta- and Ortho-Substituted Benzyl)-N-normetazocines: Synthesis, Binding Affinity at the [3H]-(+)-Pentazocine-labeled (σ1) Site and Quantitative Structure-Affinity Relationship Studies, S. Wayne Mascarella, Xu Bai, Wayne D. Bowen, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 38 (3), 565–569 (1995).

Synthesis of (+) and (-) Epibatidine, Pravin L. Kotian and F. I. Carroll, Syn. Commun., 25 (1), 63–71 (1995).

Long-lasting Inhibition of In Vivo Cocaine Binding to Dopamine Transporters by 3β-(4- Iodophenyl)tropane-2-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester: RTI-55 or βCIT, N. D. Volkow, S. J. Gatley, J. S. Fowler, R. Chen, J. Logan, S. L. Dewey, Y.-S. Ding, N. Pappas, P. King, R. R. MacGregor, M. J. Kuhar, F. I. Carroll, and A. P. Wolf, Synapse, 19, 206–211 (1995).

Antagonism of Nicotine's Action by Cocaine Analogs, Nicole Lerner-Marmarosh, Frank I. Carroll, and Leo G. Abood, Life Sci., 56(3), PL 67–70 (1995).

Synthesis of the 2β,3α- and 2β,3β-Isomers of 3-(p-Substituted phenyl)tropane-2-carboxylic Acid Methyl Esters, Kathryn I. Keverline, Philip Abraham, Anita H. Lewin, and F. Ivy Carroll, Tetrahedron Lett., 36 (18), 3099–3102 (1995).

Selective Labeling of the Dopamine Transporter by the High Affinity Ligand 3β-(4- [125I]Iodophenyl)tropane-2β-carboxylic Acid Isopropyl Ester, J. W. Boja, J. L. Cadet, T. A. Kopajtic, J. Lever, H. H. Seltzman, C. D. Wyrick, A. H. Lewin, P. Abraham, and F. I. Carroll, Mol. Pharmacol., 47, 779–786 (1995).

Studies of the Biogenic Amine Transporters. V. Demonstration of Two Binding Sites for the Cocaine Analog [125I]RTI-55 Associated with the 5-HT Transporter in Rat Brain Membranes, Mayme L. Silverthorn, Christina M. Dersch, Michael H. Baumann, Jean L. Cadet, John S. Partilla, Kenner C. Rice, F. Ivy Carroll, Karen M. Becketts, Alicia Brockington, and Richard B. Rothman, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 273, 213–222 (1995).

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Enantiomers of Diastereomeric cis-N-[1-(2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-3-methyl-4-piperidyl]-N- phenylpropanamide: Synthesis, X-ray Analysis, and Biological Activities, George A. Brine, Peter A. Stark, Young Liu, F. Ivy Carroll, P. Singh, Heng Xu, and Richard B. Rothman, J. Med. Chem., 38 (9), 1547–1557 (1995).

Evaluation of Retinoid Lactones as Topical Therapeutic Agents in Dermatology, Anita H. Lewin, Sherry L. Black, Mary E. Bos, R. Richard Goehring, Xina Nair, Gary Whiting, Pamela Bouquin, Geraldine Tetrault, and F. Ivy Carroll, Pharm. Res., 12 (7), 983–992 (1995).

Studies of the Biogenic Amine Transporters. VI. Characterization of a Novel Cocaine Binding Site, Identified with [125I]RTI-55, in Membranes Prepared from Whole Rat Brain Minus Caudate, Richard B. Rothman, Mayme L. Silverthorn, Michael H. Baumann, Carl B. Goodman, Jean L. Cadet, Dorota Matecka, Kenner C. Rice, F. Ivy Carroll, Jia-Bei Wang, George R. Uhl, John S. Partilla, and Christina M. Dersch, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 274, 385–395 (1995).

Synthesis and σ Binding Properties of 2'-Substituted 5,9α-Dimethyl-6,7-benzomorphans, Richmond Danso-Danquah, Xu Bai, X. Zhang, S. Wayne Mascarella, Wanda Williams, Bethel Sine, Wayne D. Bowen, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 38, 2978–2985 (1995).

Synthesis and σ Binding Properties of 1'- and 3'-Halo- and 1',3'-Dihalo-N-normetazocine Analogues, Richmond Danso-Danquah, Xu Bai, X. Zhang, S. Wayne Mascarella, Wanda Williams, Bethel Sine, Wayne D. Bowen, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 38, 2986–2989 (1995).

Synthesis and Ligand Binding Study of 3β-(4'-Substituted phenyl)-2β-(heterocyclic)tropanes, Pravin Kotian, Philip Abraham, Anita H. Lewin, S. Wayne Mascarella, John W. Boja, Michael J. Kuhar, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 38 (18), 3451–3453 (1995).

Development of Imaging Agents for the Dopamine Transporter, F. Ivy Carroll, U. Scheffel, Robert F. Dannals, John W. Boja, and Michael J. Kuhar, Med. Res. Rev., 15 (5), 419–444 (1995).

Synthesis, Spectral Studies and Tritiation of the Cannabinoid Antagonist SR141716A, Herbert H. Seltzman, F. Ivy Carroll, Jason P. Burgess, Christopher D. Wyrick, and David F. Burch, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1549–1550 (1995).

Characterization and Localization of [125I]RTI-121 Binding Sites in Human Striatum and Medial Temporal Lobe, Karley Y. Little, F. Ivy Carroll, and Bader J. Cassin, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 274, 1473–1483 (1995).

Mapping the Dopamine Transporters in the Human Brain with Novel Selective Cocaine Analog [125I]RTI-121, J. K. Staley, J. W. Boja, F. I. Carroll, H. H. Seltzman, C. D. Wyrick, A. H. Lewin, P. Abraham, and D. C. Mash, Synapse, 21 (4), 364–372 (1995).

Practical Synthesis and Characterization of 7-Benzylidenenaltrexone (BNTX), Anita H. Lewin, Melanie R. Nilsson, Jason P. Burgess, and F. Ivy Carroll, Org. Prep. Proc. Int., 27(6), 621–624 (1995).

In Vivo Labeling of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors with Radiolabeled Isomers of Norchloroepibatidine, Ursula Scheffel, George F. Taylor, John A. Kepler, F. Ivy Carroll, and Michael J. Kuhar, NeuroReport, 6 (18), 2483–2488 (1995).

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Rate of Binding of Various Inhibitors at the Dopamine Transporter in Vivo, Marigo Stathis, Ursula Scheffel, Susan Z. Lever, John W. Boja, F. Ivy Carroll, and Michael J. Kuhar, Psychopharmacology, 119, 376–384 (1995).

A New Synthesis of 1-Alkyl(aryl)-4-isoquinolinols, Kevin P. Constable and F. Ivy Carroll, Heterocycl. Commun., 2 (1), 13–16 (1996).

Benzyne Addition to N-Alkyl-4-hydroxy-1-methylisoquinolinium Salts; A New and Convenient Synthesis of (±)-5-Methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine (MK801), Kevin P. Constable, Bruce E. Blough, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 717–718 (1996).

Evaluation of [11C]RTI-121 as a Selective Radioligand for PET Studies of the Dopamine Transporter, Susan P. Hume, Sajinda K. Luthra, David J. Brown, Jolanta Opacka-Juffry, Safiye Osman, Sharon Ashworth, Ralph Myers, Frank Brady, F. Ivy Carroll, Michael J. Kuhar, and David J. Brooks, Nucl. Med. Biol., 23, 377–384 (1996).

On the Resolution of Fenfluramine, Andrew T. Morehead, Jr., Rebecca A. Reges, Anita H. Lewin, and F. Ivy Carroll, Enantiomer, 1, 63–68 (1996).

Synthesis and in Vivo Studies of a Selective Ligand for the Dopamine Transporter: 3β-(4- [125I]Iodophenyl)tropan-2β-carboxylic Acid Isopropyl Ester ([125I]-RTI-121), John R. Lever, Ursula Scheffel, Marigo Stathis, Herbert H. Seltzman, Christopher D. Wyrick, Philip Abraham, Karol Parham, Brian F. Thomas, John W. Boja, Michael J. Kuhar, and F. Ivy Carroll, Nucl. Med. Biol., 23, 277–284 (1996).

Synthesis, Ligand Binding, and Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Study of 3β-(4'-Substituted phenyl)-2β-(heterocyclic)tropanes: Evidence for an Electrostatic Interaction at the 2β-Position, Pravin Kotian, S. Wayne Mascarella, Philip Abraham, Anita H. Lewin, John W. Boja, Michael J. Kuhar, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 39 (14), 2753–2763 (1996).

Ibogaine Block of the NMDA Receptor: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies, Kang Chen, Tushar G. Kokate, Sean D. Donevan, F. Ivy Carroll, and Michael A. Rogawski, Neuropharmacology, 35 (4), 423–431 (1996).

Effects of Sphingosine Stereoisomers on P-Glycoprotein Phosphorylation and Vinblastine Accumulation in Multidrug-Resistant MCF-7 Cells, Clifford W. Sachs, Larry M. Ballas, S. Wayne Mascarella, Ahmad R. Safa, Anita H. Lewin, Carson Loomis, F. Ivy Carroll, Robert M. Bell, and Robert L. Fine, Biochem. Pharmacol., 52 (4), 603–612 (1996).

Synthesis and Transporter Binding Properties of 3β-(4'-Alkyl-, 4'-alkenyl-, and 4'- alkynylphenyl)nortropane-2β-carboxylic Acid Methyl Esters: Serotonin Transporter Selective Analogs, Bruce E. Blough, Philip Abraham, Anita H. Lewin, Michael J. Kuhar, John W. Boja, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 39 (20), 4027–4035 (1996).

3α-(4'-Substituted phenyl)tropane-2β-carboxylic Acid Methyl Esters: Novel Ligands with High Affinity and Selectivity at the Dopamine Transporter, Christopher R. Holmquist, Kathryn I. Keverline- Frantz, Philip Abraham, John W. Boja, Michael J. Kuhar, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 39 (21), 4139–4141 (1996).

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Recovery of Dopamine Transporter Binding and Function after Intrastriatal Administration of the Irreversible Inhibitor RTI-76 {3β-(3p-Chlorophenyl)tropan-2β-carboxylic Acid p- Isothiocyanatophenylethyl Ester Hydrochloride}, Annette E. Fleckenstein, Sakire Pögün, F. Ivy Carroll, and Michael J. Kuhar, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 279, 200–206 (1996).

Cocaine Cross-Sensitization to Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors: Unique Effects of GBR12909, G. I. Elmer, A. Brockington, D. A. Gorelick, F. I. Carroll, K. C. Rice, D. Matecka, S. R. Goldberg, and R. B. Rothman, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 53 (4), 911–918 (1996).

3β-(p-Trimethylsilylphenyl)tropane-2β-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester: A New Precursor for the Preparation of [123I]RTI-55, John L. Musachio, Kathryn I. Keverline, F. Ivy Carroll, and Robert F. Dannals, Appl. Radiat. Isot., 47 (1), 79–81 (1996).

Mapping Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors with PET, Yu-Shin Ding, S. John Gatley, Joanna S. Fowler, Nora D. Volkow, Deepak Aggarwal, Jean Logan, Stephen L. Dewey, Feng Liang, F. Ivy Carroll, and Michael J. Kuhar, Synapse, 24, 403–407 (1996).

Bromine-Promoted Cyclization of an Olefinic α-Aminonitrile: A Practical Synthesis of 5- Aminocarbonyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine (ADCI), Javier Gonzalez and F. Ivy Carroll, Tetrahedron Lett., 37 (48), 8655–8658 (1996).

Opioid Peptide Receptor Studies. 5. Further Evidence that the Methylfentanyl Congener RTI-4614-4 and Its Four Stereoisomers Bind to Different Domains of the Rat μ-Opioid Receptor, Yi-Feng Lu, Heng Xu, John S. Partilla, George A. Brine, F. Ivy Carroll, Kenner C. Rice, Wolfgang Sadee, and Richard B. Rothman, Analgesia, 2, 291–297 (1996).

Displacement of RTI-55 from the Dopamine Transporter by Cocaine, S. John Gatley, Nora D. Volkow, Ruoyan Chen, Joanna S. Fowler, F. Ivy Carroll, and Michael J. Kuhar, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 296, 145–151 (1996).

Lack of Dopamine Receptor Agonists Effect on Striatal Dopamine Transporter Binding Sites, Karley Y. Little, Jenifer Gorebig, F. Ivy Carroll, John Mapili, and James H. Meador-Woodruff, Brain Res., 742 (1–2), 313–316 (1996).

Highly Potent Cocaine Analogs Cause Long-Lasting Increases in Locomotor Activity, Annette E. Fleckenstein, Theresa A. Kopajtic, John W. Boja, F. Ivy Carroll, and Michael J. Kuhar, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 311, 109–114 (1996).

Synthesis and Characterization of [125I]3'-(-)-Iodopentazocine, a Selective σ1 Receptor Ligand, Chih- Cheng Chien, F. Ivy Carroll, George P. Brown, Ying-Xin Pan, Wayne Bowen, and Gavril W. Pasternak, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 321, 361–368 (1997).

An Improved Procedure for the Synthesis of Anhydroecgonine Methyl Ester, C. R. Holmquist, K. R. Parham, J. A. Holleman, and F. I. Carroll, Org. Prep Proced. Intl., 29 (3), 308–311 (1997).

Synthesis and Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Binding Properties of exo-2-(2'-Fluoro-5'-pyridinyl)-7- azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane: A New Positron Emission Tomography Ligand for Nicotinic Receptors, Feng Liang, Hernán A. Navarro, Philip Abraham, Pravin Kotian, Yu-Shin Ding, Joanna Fowler, Nora Volkow, Michael J. Kuhar, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 40, 2293–2295 (1997).

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Synthesis and Transporter Binding Properties of 2,3-Diphenyltropane Stereoisomers. Comparison to 3β- Phenyltropane-2β-carboxylic Acid Esters, An-Chih Chang, Jason P. Burgess, S. Wayne Mascarella, Philip Abraham, Michael J. Kuhar, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 40, 1247–1251 (1997).

Rapid In-Plate Generation of Benzimidazole Libraries and Amide Formation Using EEDQ, James B. Thomas, Michael J. Fall, Julie B. Cooper, Jason P. Burgess, and F. Ivy Carroll, Tetrahedron Lett., 38 (29), 5099–5102 (1997).

Serotonin Transporter Binding Sites and mRNA Levels in Depressed Persons Committing Suicide, Karley Y. Little, Daniel P. Mclaugline, Jean Ranc, John Gilmore, Juan F. Lopez, Stanley J. Watson, F. Ivy Carroll, and John D. Butts, Biol. Psychiatry, 41 (12), 1156–1164 (1997).

Ohmefentanyl and Its Stereoisomers: Chemistry and Pharmacology, G. A. Brine, F. I. Carroll, T. M. Richardson-Leibert, H. Xu, and R. B. Rothman, Cur. Med. Chem., 4, 247–270 (1997).

Opioid Peptide Receptor Studies. 6. The 3-Methylfentanyl Congeners RTI-4614-4 and Its Enantiomers Differ in Efficacy, Potenncy, and Intrinsic Efficacy as Measured by Stimulation of [35S]GTP-γ-S Binding Using Cloned μ-Opioid Receptors, Heng Xu, Yi-Feng Lu, John S. Partilla, George A. Brine, F. Ivy Carroll, Kenner C. Rice, Josephine Lai, Frank Porreca, and Richard B. Rothman, Analgesia, 3, 35–42 (1997).

Synthesis of [18F]Norchlorofluoroepibatidine and Its N-Methyl Derivative: New PET Ligands for Mapping Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, Y.-S. Ding, F. Liang, J. S. Fowler, M. J. Kuhar, and F. I. Carroll, J. Labelled Cpd. Radiopharm., XXXIX (10), 827–832 (1997).

3β-(4-Ethyl-3-iodophenyl)nortropane-2β-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester as a High-Affinity Selective Ligand for the Serotonin Transporter, Bruce E. Blough, Philip Abraham, Andrew C. Mills, Anita H. Lewin, John W. Boja, Ursula Scheffel, Michael J. Kuhar, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 40 (24), 3861–3864 (1997).

Synthesis of Morphine-3,6-di-β-D-glucuronide, Bertold Berrang, George A. Brine, and F. Ivy Carroll, Synthesis, (10), 1165–1168 (1997).

RTI-352: A 3α Analogue of RTI-55 as an In Vivo Dopamine Transporter Binding Ligand, Yougen Zhan, Amit M. Saindane, Ursula Scheffel, F. Ivy Carroll, Christopher R. Holmquist, John A. Kepler, George F. Taylor, and Michael J. Kuhar, Synapse, 25, 389–392 (1997).

N-Substituted Phenyltropanes as in Vivo Binding Ligands for Rapid Imaging Studies of the Dopamine Transporter, Ursula Scheffel, John R. Lever, Philip Abraham, Karol R. Parham, William B. Mathews, Theresa Kopajtic, F. Ivy Carroll, and Michael J. Kuhar, Synapse, 25 (4), 345–349 (1997).

Synthesis of the Isomers of (1R)-3-(Phenylthio)tropane-2-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester. A New Class of Ligands for the Dopamine Transporter, Mohan Thiruvazhi, Philip Abraham, Michael J. Kuhar, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., (6), 555–556 (1997).

Fluoro-norchloroepibatidine: Preclinical Assessment of Acute Toxicity, Patricia E. Molina, Yu-Shin Ding, F. Ivy Carroll, F. Liang, Nora D. Volkow, Naomi Pappas, Michael Kuhar, Naji Abumrad, S. John Gatley, and Joanna S. Fowler, Nucl. Med. Biol., 24 (8), 743–747 (1997).

Synthesis and Ligand Binding of Tropane Ring Analogues of Paroxetine, Kathryn I. Keverline-Frantz, John W. Boja, Michael J. Kuhar, Philip Abraham, Jason P. Burgess, Anita H. Lewin, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 41 (2), 247–257 (1998); correction J. Med. Chem., 48 (1), 336 (2005).

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Studies of the Biogenic Amine Transporters. VII. Characterization of a Novel Cocaine Binding Site Identified with [125I]RTI-55 in Membranes Prepared from Human, Monkey and Guinea Pig Caudate, Richard B. Rothman, Mayme L. Silverthorn, John R. Glowa, Dorota Matecka, Kenner C. Rice, F. Ivy Carroll, John S. Partilla, George R. Uhl, David J. Vandenbergh, and Christina M. Dersch, Synapse, 28, 322–338 (1998).

Opioid Peptide Receptor Studies. 7. The Methylfentanyl Congener RTI-4614-4 and Its Four Enantiomers Bind to Different Domains of the Rat μ Opioid Receptor, Yi-Feng Lu, Heng Xu, Lee-Yuan Liu- Chen, Chongguang Chen, John S. Partilla, George A. Brine, F. Ivy Carroll, Kenner C. Rice, Josephine Lai, Frank Porreca, Wolfgang Sadee, and Richard B. Rothman, Synapse, 28, 117–124 (1998).

3β-Phenyl-2β-substituted Tropanes—An SAR Analysis, F. Ivy Carroll, Anita H. Lewin, and Michael J. Kuhar, Med. Chem. Res., 8, 59–65 (1998).

Investigation of the N-Substituent Conformation Governing Potency and μ Receptor Subtype-Selectivity in (+)-(3R,4R)-Dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine Opioid Antagonists, James B. Thomas, S. Wayne Mascarella, Richard B. Rothman, John S. Partilla, Heng Xu, Karen B. McCullough, Christina M. Dersch, Buddy E. Cantrell, Dennis M. Zimmerman, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 41 (11), 1980–1990 (1998).

New Synthesis of 7-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene. A Key Intermediate in the Synthesis of Epibatidine and Analogs, Lawrence E. Brieaddy, Feng Liang, Philip Abraham, Jeffrey R. Lee, and F. Ivy Carroll, Tetrahedron Lett., 39 (30) 5321–5322 (1998).

Striatal [125I]RTI-55 Binding Sites in Cocaine-Abusing Humans, K. Y. Little, F. I. Carroll, and J. D. Butts, Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 22 (3), 455–466 (1998).

In Vitro and Ex Vivo Autoradiographic Studies of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Using [18F]Fluoronorchloroepibatidine in Rodent and Human Brain, S. John Gatley, Yu-Shin Ding, Dan Brady, Andrew N. Gifford, Stephen L. Dewey, F. Ivy Carroll, Joanna S. Fowler, and Nora D. Volkow, Nucl. Med. Biol., 25 (5), 449-454 (1998).

Multiple Binding Sites for [125I]RTI-121 and Other Cocaine Analogs in Rat Frontal Cerebral Cortex, J. W. Boja, F. I. Carroll, R. A. Vaughan, T. Kopajtic, and M. J. Kuhar, Synapse, 30, 9–17 (1998).

Separation of the Locomotor Stimulant and Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Cocaine by Its C-2 Phenyl Ester Analog, RTI-15, C. D. Cook, F. I. Carroll, and P. M. Beardsley, Drug Alcohol Depend., 50 (2), 123–128 (1998).

Synthesis of 9β-Methyl-2-alkyl-7-oxo-5-arylmorphans, James B. Thomas, Xiaoling Zheng, Lawrence E. Brieaddy, Jason P. Burgess, S. Wayne Mascarella, Scott E. Fix, Buddy E. Cantrell, Dennis M. Zimmerman, and F. Ivy Carroll, Tetrahedron Lett., 39 (39) 7001–7004 (1998).

Protection of the Allylic Alcohol Double Bond from Catalytic Reduction in the Preparation of [1- 3H]Morphine and [1-3H]Codeine, Herbert H. Seltzman, Michael J. Roche, Christopher P. Laudeman, Christopher D. Wyrick, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Labelled Cpd. Radiopharm., XLI, 811–821 (1998).

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N-Substituted 9β-Methyl-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)morphans Are Opioid Receptor Pure Antagonists, James B. Thomas, Xiaoling Zheng, S. Wayne Mascarella, Richard B. Rothman, Christina M. Dersch, John S. Partilla, Judith L. Flippen-Anderson, Clifford F. George, Buddy E. Cantrell, Dennis M. Zimmerman, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 41 (21), 4143–4149 (1998).

N-Substituted Octahydro-4a-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-10a-methylbenzo[g]isoquinolines Are Opioid Receptor Pure Antagonists, James B. Thomas, S. Wayne Mascarella, Jason P. Burgess, Heng Xu, Karen B. McCullough, Richard B. Rothman, Judith L. Flippen-Anderson, Clifford F. George, Buddy E. Cantrell, Dennis M. Zimmerman, and F. Ivy Carroll, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 8 (22), 3149–3152 (1998).

Synthesis and Transporter Binding Properties of (R)-2β,3β- and (R)-2α,3α-Diaryltropanes, Songchun Jiang, An-Chih Chang, Philip Abraham, Michael J. Kuhar, and F. Ivy Carroll, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 8 (24), 3689–3692 (1998).

RTI-113 Administration Reduces Cocaine Self-Administration at High Occupancy of Dopamine Transporter, Steven I. Dworkin, Philip Lambert, Glen M. Sizemore, F. Ivy Carroll, and Michael J. Kuhar, Synapse, 30 (1), 49–55 (1998).

Identification of an Opioid κ Receptor Subtype-Selective N-Substituent for (+)-(3R,4R)-Dimethyl-4-(3- hydroxyphenyl)piperidine, James B. Thomas, Michael J. Fall, Julie B. Cooper, Richard B. Rothman, S. Wayne Mascarella, Heng Xu, John S. Partilla, Christina M. Dersch, Karen B. McCullough, Buddy E. Cantrell, Dennis M. Zimmerman, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 41 (26), 5188–5197 (1998).

A Stereoselective Synthetic Approach to N-Alkyl-4β-methyl-5-phenylmorphans, James B. Thomas, Kenneth M. Gigstad, Scott E. Fix, Jason P. Burgess, Julie B. Cooper, S. Wayne Mascarella, Buddy E. Cantrell, Dennis M. Zimmerman, and F. Ivy Carroll, Tetrahedron Lett., 40 (3), 403–406 (1999).

Comparative Studies of Epibatidine Derivatives [18F]NFEP and [18F]N-Methyl-NFEP: Kinetics, Nicotine Effect, and Toxicity, Yu-Shin Ding, Patricia E. Molina, Joanna S. Fowler, Jean Logan, Nora D. Volkow, Michael J. Kuhar, and F. Ivy Carroll, Nucl. Med. Biol., 26, 139–148 (1999).

Opioid Peptide Receptor Studies. 11. Involvement of Tyr148, Trp318 and His319 of the Rat μ-Opioid Receptor in Binding of μ-Selective Ligands, Heng Xu, Yi-Feng Lu, John S. Partilla, Qiao-Xi Zheng, Jia-Bei Wang, George A. Brine, F. Ivy Carroll, Kenner C. Rice, Kai-Xian Chen, Zhi-Qiang Chi, and Richard B. Rothman, Synapse, 32, 23–28 (1999).

Synthesis of 3β-(4-[125I]Iodophenyl)tropane-2β-pyrrolidine Carboxamide ([125I]RTI-229), Desong Zhong, Pravin Kotian, Christopher D. Wyrick, Herbert H. Seltzman, John A. Kepler, John W. Boja, Michael J. Kuhar, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Labelled Cpd. Radiopharm., 42, 281–286 (1999).

Continuous Infusion of Selective Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors or Cocaine Produces Time-Dependent Changes in Rat Locomotor Activity, Sari Izenwasser, Dawn French, F. Ivy Carroll, and Paul M. Kunko, Behav. Brain Res., 99, 201–208 (1999).

Pharmacological Characterization of Nicotine’s Interaction with Cocaine and Cocaine Analogs, M. I. Damaj, J. E. Slemmer, F. I. Carroll, and B. R. Martin, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 289, 1229–1236 (1999).

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Opioid Peptide Receptor Studies. 13. Characterization of Opioid Antagonists with the [35S]GTP-γ-S, John S. Partilla, F. Ivy Carroll, James B. Thomas, Kenner C. Rice, Dennis M. Zimmerman, and Richard B. Rothman, Analgesia, 4, 27–32 (1999).

Pharmacotherapies for Treatment of Cocaine Abuse: Preclinical Aspects, F. Ivy Carroll, Leonard L. Howell, and Michael J. Kuhar, J. Med. Chem., 42 (15), 2721–2736 (1999).

Studies of Selected Phenyltropanes at Monoamine Transporters, Michael J. Kuhar, Kathleen M. McGirr, Richard G. Hunter, Philip D. Lambert, Bridgette E. Garrett, and F. Ivy Carroll, Drug Alcohol Depend., 56 (1), 9–15 (1999).

Synthesis of [1-3H]Morphine-6-β-D-glucuronide, Bertold D. Berrang, Christopher D. Wyrick, F. Ivy Carroll, and Herbert H. Seltzman, J. Labelled Cpd. Radiopharm., 42, 851–857 (1999).

(±)-4-[(N-Allyl-cis-3-methyl-4-piperidinyl)phenylamino]-N,N-diethylbenzamide Display Selective Binding for the Delta Opioid Receptor, James B. Thomas, Xavier M. Herault, Richard B. Rothman, Jason P. Burgess, S. Wayne Mascarella, Heng Xu, Robert B. Horel, Christina M. Dersch, and F. Ivy Carroll, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 9 (20), 3053–3056 (1999).

Optically Pure (-)-4-[(N-Allyl-3-methyl-4-piperidinyl)phenylamino]-N,N-diethylbenzamide Displays Selective Binding and Full Agonist Activity for the δ Opioid Receptor, James B. Thomas, Robert N. Atkinson, Xavier M. Herault, Richard B. Rothman, S. Wayne Mascarella, Christina M. Dersch, Heng Xu, Rob B. Horel, and F. Ivy Carroll, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 9 (23), 3347–3350 (1999).

Serotonin Transporter Production and Degradation Rates: Studies with RTI-76, Aleksandra Vicentic, George Battaglia, F. Ivy Carroll, and Michael J. Kuhar, Brain Res., 841 (1–2), 1–10 (1999).

Asymmetric Synthesis of 9-Alkyl-2-benzyl-6,7-benzomorphans. Characterization as Novel Sigma Receptor Ligands, F. Ivy Carroll, Xu Bai, Ali Dehghani, S. Wayne Mascarella, Wanda Williams, and Wayne D. Bowen, J. Med. Chem., 42 (22), 4621–4629 (1999).

Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of [125I]Iodomethyllycaconitine ([125I]Iodo-MLA). A New Ligand for the α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor, Hernán A. Navarro, Desong Zhong, Philip Abraham, Heng Xu, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 43 (2), 142–145 (2000).

Comparative Behavioral Pharmacology of Cocaine and the Selective Dopamine Uptake Inhibitor, RTI- 113, in the Squirrel Monkey, Leonard L. Howell, Paul W. Czoty, Michael J. Kuhar, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 292 (2) 521–529 (2000).

Neurochemical Neutralization of Methamphetamine with High-Affinity Nonselective Inhibitors of Biogenic Amine Transporters: A Pharmacological Strategy for Treating Stimulant Abuse, Richard B. Rothman, John S. Partilla, Michael H. Baumann, Christina M. Dersch, F. Ivy Carroll, and Kenner C. Rice, Synapse, 35 (3), 222–227 (2000).

Synthesis of [125I]-3β-(4-Ethyl-3-iodophenyl)nortropane-2β-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester ([125I]EINT), Desong Zhong, Bruce E. Blough, Michael J. Kuhar, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Labelled Cpd. Radiopharm., 43 137–146 (2000).

Ligand-induced Changes in Surface μ-Opioid Receptor Number: Relationship to G Protein Activation?, Paulette A. Zaki, Duane E. Keith, Jr., George A. Brine, F. Ivy Carroll, Christopher J. Evans, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 292 (3), 1127-1134 (2000).

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Dopamine Transporter Synthesis and Degradation Rate in Rat Striatum and Nucleus Accumbens Using RTI-76, Heather L. Kimmel, F. Ivy Carroll, and Michael J. Kuhar, Neuropharmacology, 39 (4), 578–585 (2000).

Facile Synthesis and Stabilization of 2-Arachidonylglycerol via Its 1,3-Phenylboronate Ester, Herbert H. Seltzman, Denise N. Fleming, Gregory D. Hawkins, and F. Ivy Carroll, Tetrahedron Lett., 41, 3589– 3592 (2000).

4-[(8-Alkyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl-3-yl)-3-arylanilino]-N,N-diethylbenzamides: High Affinity, Selective Ligands for the Delta Opioid Receptor Illustrate Factors Important to Antagonist Activity, James B. Thomas, Robert N. Atkinson, Richard B. Rothman, S. Wayne Mascarella, Christina M. Dersch, Heng Xu, and F. Ivy Carroll, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 10 (11), 1281–1284 (2000).

RTI-76, an Isothiocyanate Derivative of a Phenyltropane Cocaine Analog, as a Tool for Irreversibly Inactivating Dopamine Transporter Function in Vitro, Lijuan C. Wang, Janet L. Berfield, Michael J. Kuhar, F. Ivy Carroll, and Maarten E. A. Reith, Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol., 362 (3) 238–247 (2000).

3α-(4-Substituted Phenyl)nortropane-2β-carboxylic Acids Methyl Esters Show Selective Binding at the Norepinephrine Transporter, Bruce E. Blough, Christopher R. Holmquist, Philip Abraham, Michael J. Kuhar, and F. Ivy Carroll, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 10 (21), 2445–2447 (2000).

Opportunities for Medication Development in Obesity (Editorial), Richard B. Rothman and F. Ivy Carroll, Drug Dev. Res., 51 (2), 49–51 (2000).

Synthesis and Reactions of a Novel Chlorostannane Resin: Coupling with Functionalized Organozinc Halides, Xizhen Zhu, Bruce E. Blough, and F. Ivy Carroll, Tetrahedron Lett., 41 (48), 9219–9222 (2000).

Sensitivity of Binding of High-Affinity Dopamine Receptor Radioligands to Increased Synaptic Dopamine, S. John Gatley, Andrew N. Gifford, F. Ivy Carroll, and Nora D. Volkow, Synapse, 38 (40) 483–488 (2000).

Reinforcing and Discriminative Stimulus Effects of RTI 111, a 3-Phenyltropane Analog, in Rhesus Monkeys: Interaction with Methamphetamine, Robert Ranaldi, Karen G. Anderson, F. Ivy Carroll, and William L. Woolverton, Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 153 (1), 103–110 (2000).

Opioid Peptide Receptor Studies. 14. Stereochemistry Determines Agonist Efficacy and Intrinsic Efficacy in the [35S]GTP-γ-S Functional Binding Assay, Heng Xu, Akihiro Hashimoto, Kenner C. Rice, Arthur E. Jacobson, James B. Thomas, F. Ivy Carroll, Josephine Lai, and Richard B. Rothman, Synapse, 39 (1), 64–69 (2001).

Amphetamine-Type Central Nervous System Stimulants Release Norepinephrine More Potently Than They Release Dopamine and Serotonin, Richard B. Rothman, Michael H. Baumann, Christina M. Dersch, Dana V. Romero, Kenner C. Rice, F. Ivy Carroll, and John S. Partilla, Synapse, 39 (1), 32– 41 (2001).

Factors Influencing Agonist Potency and Selectivity for the Opioid Delta Receptor Are Revealed in Structure—Activity Relationship Studies of the 4-[(N-Substituted-4-piperidinyl)arylamino]-N,N- diethylbenzamides, James B. Thomas, Xavier M. Herault, Richard B. Rothman, Robert N. Atkinson, Jason P. Burgess, S. Wayne Mascarella, Christina M. Dersch, Heng Xu, Judith L. Flippen-Anderson, Clifford F. George, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 44 (6), 972–987 (2001).

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Opioid Peptide Receptor Studies. 15. Relative Efficacy of 4-[(N-Allyl-3-methyl-4- piperidinyl)phenylamino]-N,N-diethylbenzamide and Related Compounds at the Cloned Human δ- Opioid Receptor, Heng Zu, Yi-Feng Lu, James B. Thomas, F. Ivy Carroll, Kenner C. Rice, and Richard. B. Rothman, Synapse, 40 (4), 269–274 (2001).

Biophysical Characterization of the Cocaine Binding Pocket in the Serotonin Transporter Using a Fluorescent Cocaine Analogue as a Molecular Reporter, Soren G. F. Rasmussen, F. Ivy Carroll, Martin J. Maresch, Anne Dam Jensen, Christopher G. Tate, and Ulrik Gether, J. Biol. Chem., 276 (7), 4717–4723 (2001).

Synthesis of Bridged Analogs of Epibatidine. 3-Chloro-5,7,8,9,9a,10-hexahydro-7,10- methanopyrrolo[1,2-b]-2,6-naphthyridine and 2-Chloro-5,5a,6,7,8,10-hexahydro-5,8- methanopyrrolo[2,1-b]-1,7-naphthyridine, Lawrence E. Brieaddy, S. Wayne Mascarella, Hernán A. Navarro, Robert N. Atkinson, M. I. Damaj, Billy R. Martin, and F. Ivy Carroll, Tetrahedron Lett., 42 (23), 3795–3797 (2001).

RTI-76, an Irreversible Inhibitor of Dopamine Transporter Binding, Increases Locomotor Activity in the Rat at High Doses, H. L. Kimmel, F. I. Carroll, and M. J. Kuhar, Brain Res., 897, 157-163 (2001).

[125I]3β-(4-Ethyl-3-iodophenyl)nortropane-2β-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester ([125I]EINT): A Potent and Selective Radioligand for the Brain Serotonin Transporter, H. A. Navarro, H. Xu, D. Zhong, B. E. Blough, W. P. Ross, M. J. Kuhar, and F. I. Carroll, Synapse, 41 (3), 241–247 (2001).

Anticocaine Catalytic Antibodies Have No Affinity for RTI Compounds: Implications for Treatment, Michael J. Kuhar, F. Ivy Carroll, Narine Bharat, and Donald W. Landry, Synapse, 41 (2), 176–178 (2001).

Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptors Influence Dopamine Transporter Synthesis and Degradation in the Rat, Heather L. Kimmel, Andrew R. Joyce, F. Ivy Carroll, and Michael J. Kuhar, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 298 (1), 129–140 (2001).

Synthesis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Binding, and Antinociceptive Properties of 2-exo-2-(2’- Substituted 5’-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes. Epibatidine Analogues, F. Ivy Carroll, Feng Liang, Hernán A. Navarro, Lawrence E. Brieaddy, Philip Abraham, M. I. Damaj, and Billy R. Martin, J. Med. Chem., 44 (13), 2229–2237 (2001).

Generation of Anti-(+)methamphetamine Antibodies Is Not Impeded by (+)Methamphetamine Administration During Active Immunization of Rats, Kelly A. Byrnes-Blake, F. Ivy Carroll, Philip Abraham, and S. Michael Owens, Int. Immunopharmacol., 1 (2) 329–338 (2001).

Agonist-, Antagonist-, and Inverse Agonist-Regulated Trafficking of the δ−Opioid Receptor Correlates with, but Does Not Require, G Protein Activation, Paulette A. Zaki, Duane E. Keith, Jr., James B. Thomas, F. I. Carroll, and Christopher J. Evans, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 298 (3), 1015–1020 (2001).

Preferential Increases in Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine after Systemic Cocaine Administration Are Caused by Unique Characteristics of Dopamine Neurotransmission, Qun Wu, Maarten E. A. Reith, Michael J. Kuhar, F. Ivy Carroll, and Paul A. Garris, J. Neurosci., 21 (16), 6338–6347 (2001).

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Identification of the First trans-(3R,4R)-Dimethyl-4-(3’-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine Derivative to Possess Highly Potent and Selective Opioid Kappa Receptor Antagonist Activity, James B. Thomas, Robert N. Atkinson, Richard B. Rothman, Scott E. Fix, S. Wayne Mascarella, N. Ariane Vinson, Heng Xu, Christina M. Dersch, Buddy E. Cantrell, Dennis M. Zimmerman, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 44, 2687–2690 (2001).

Synthesis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Binding, and Antinociceptive Properties of 2-exo-2-(2'- Substituted-3'-phenyl-5'-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes. Novel Nicotinic Antagonist, F. Ivy Carroll, Jeffrey R. Lee, Hernán A. Navarro, Lawrence E. Brieaddy, Philip Abraham, M. I. Damaj, and Billy R. Martin, J. Med. Chem., 44 (24), 4039–4041 (2001).

Cocaine-Like Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Novel Cocaine and 3-Phenyltropane Analogs in the Rat, Charles D. Cook, F. Ivy Carroll, and Patrick M. Beardsley, Psychopharmacology, 159, 58–63 (2001).

Locomotor Stimulant Effects of Novel Phenyltropanes in the Mouse, Heather L. Kimmel, F. Ivy Carroll, and Michael J. Kuhar, Drug Alcohol Depend., 65 (1), 25–35 (2001).

Studies of the Biogenic Amine Transporters. VIII: Identification of a Novel Partial Inhibitor of Dopamine Uptake and Dopamine Transporter Binding, Richard B. Rothman, Christina M. Dersch, F. Ivy Carroll, and Subramaniam Ananthan, Synapse, 43, 268–274 (2002).

Tritiation of SR141716 by Metallation-Iodination-Reduction: Tritium-Proton nOe Study, Herbert H. Seltzman, F. Ivy Carroll, Jason P. Burgess, Christopher D. Wyrick, and David F. Burch, J. Labelled Cpd. Radiopharm., 45, 59–70 (2002).

Self-administration of Cocaine and the Cocaine Analog RTI-113: Relationship to Dopamine Transporter Occupancy Determined by PET Neuroimaging in Rhesus Monkeys, K. M. Wilcox, K. P. Lindsey, J. R. Votaw, M. M. Goodman, L. Martarello, F. I. Carroll, and L. L. Howell, Synapse, 43 (1) 78–85 (2002).

Studies of the Biogenic Amine Transporters. 10. Characterization of a Novel Cocaine Binding Site in Brain Membranes Prepared from Dopamine Transporter Knockout Mice, Richard B. Rothman, F. Ivy Carroll, Marisela Morales, Daniel L. Rowley, Kenner C. Rice, Christina M. Dersch, and David M. Donovan, Synapse, 44 (2), 94–105 (2002).

In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of [125I]Iodomethyllycaconitine in the Rat, H. A. Navarro, H. Xu, D. Zhong, P. Abraham, and F. I. Carroll, Synapse, 44, 117–123 (2002).

Discovery of an Opioid Kappa Receptor Selective Pure Antagonist from a Library of N-Substituted 4β- Methyl-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)morphans, James B. Thomas, Robert N. Atkinson, Nivedita Namdev, Richard B. Rothman, Kenneth M. Gigstad, Scott E. Fix, S. Wayne Mascarella, Jason P. Burgess, N. Ariane Vinson, Heng Xu, Christina M. Dersch, Buddy E. Cantrell, Dennis M. Zimmerman, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 45 (16), 3524–3530 (2002).

Chronic Cocaine Increases κ-Opioid Receptor Density: Lack of Effect by Selective Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors, Stephanie L. Collins, Paul M. Kunko, Bruce Ladenheim, Jean-Lud Cadet, F. Ivy Carroll, and Sari Izenwasser, Synapse, 45 (3), 153–158 (2002).

Concurrent Autoreceptor-Mediated Control of Dopamine Release and Uptake During Neurotransmission: An in Vivo Voltammetric Study, Qun Wu, Maarten E. A. Reith, Q. David Walker, Cynthia M. Kuhn, F. Ivy Carroll, and Paul A. Garris, J. Neurosci., 22 (14), 6272–6281 (2002).

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RTI 113, a 3-Phenyltropane Analog, Produces Long-Lasting Cocaine-Like Discriminative Stimulus Effects in Rats and Squirrel Monkeys, Charles D. Cook, F. Ivy Carroll, and Patrick M. Beardsley, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 442 (1–2), 93–98 (2002).

Synthesis and Transporter Binding Properties of 3β-[4'-(Phenylalkyl, -phenylalkenyl, and -phenylalkynl)phenyl]tropane-2β-carboxylic Acid Methyl Esters: Evidence of a Remote Phenyl Binding Domain on the Dopamine Transporter, Bruce E. Blough, Kathryn I. Keverline, Zhe Nie, Hernán Navarro, Michael J. Kuhar, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 45 (18), 4029–4037 (2002).

Effects of Pyridine Ring Substitutions on the Affinity, Efficacy, and Subtype Selectivity of the Neuronal Nicotinic Receptor Agonist Epibatidine, Melva Avalos, Michael J. Parker, Floyd N. Maddox, F. Ivy Carroll, and Charles W. Luetje, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 302 (3) 1246–1252 (2002).

Synthesis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Binding, and Antinociceptive Properties of 2-exo-2-(2',3'- Disubstituted 5'-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes. Epibatidine Analogues, F. Ivy Carroll, Jeffrey R. Lee, Hernán A. Navarro, Wei Ma, Lawrence E. Brieaddy, Philip Abraham, M. I. Damaj, and Billy R. Martin, J. Med. Chem., 45 (21), 4755–4761 (2002).

Orphanin FQ/Nociceptin Blocks Cocaine-Induced Behavioral Sensitization in Rats, Kabirullah Lutfy, Imran Khaliq, F. Ivy Carroll, and Nigel T. Maidment, Psychopharmacology, 164 (2), 168–176 (2002).

Withdrawal from Repeated Cocaine Alters Dopamine Transporter Protein Turnover in the Rat Striatum, Heather L. Kimmel, F. Ivy Carrol1, and Michael J. Kuhar, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 304 (1), 15–21 (2003).

Pharmacodynamic Mechanisms of Monoclonal Antibody-Based Antagonism of (+)-Methamphetamine in Rats, Kelly A. Byrnes-Blake, Elizabeth M. Laurenzana, F. Ivy Carroll, Philip Abraham, W. Brooks Gentry, Reid D. Landes, and S. Michael Owens, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 461 (2–3), 119–128 (2003).

2002 Medicinal Chemistry Division Award Address: Monoamine Transporters and Opioid Receptors. Targets for Addiction Therapy, F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 46 (10), 1775–1794 (2003).

Reversing the Action of Noncompetitive Inhibitors (MK-801 and Cocaine) on a Protein (Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor)-Mediated Reaction, George P. Hess, Armanda M. Gameiro, Ryan C. Schoenfeld, Yongli Chen, Henning Ulrich, Jeffrey A. Nye, Barbara Sit, F. Ivy Carroll, and Bruce Ganem, Biochemistry, 42 (20), 6106–6114 (2003).

Identification of (3R)-7-Hydroxy-N-((1S)-1-{[(3R,4R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1- piperidinyl]methyl}-2-methylpropyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide as a Novel Potent and Selective Opioid κ Receptor Antagonist, James B. Thomas, Robert N. Atkinson, N. Ariane Vinson, Jennifer L. Catanzaro, Carin L. Perretta, Scott E. Fix, S. Wayne Mascarella, Richard B. Rothman, Heng Xu, Christina M. Dersch, Buddy E. Cantrell, Dennis M. Zimmerman, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 46 (14), 3127–3137 (2003).

Stereospecific Synthesis of Amphetamines, Jared M. Wagner, Charles J. McElhinny, Jr., Anita H. Lewin, and F. Ivy Carroll, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 14 (15), 2119–2125 (2003).

PET and SPECT in Medication Development, Editorial in Special Issue—PET and SPECT in Medication Development, S. John Gatley and F. Ivy Carroll, Guest Editors, Drug Dev. Res., 59 (2), 191–193 (2003).

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Buprenorphine-Induced Antinociception Is Mediated by μ-Opioid Receptors and Compromised by Concomitant Activation of Opioid Receptor-Like Receptors, Kabirullah Lutfy, Shoshana Eitan, Camron D. Bryant, Yu C. Yang, Nazli Saliminejad, Wendy Walwyn, Brigitte L. Kieffer, Hiroshi Takeshima, F. Ivy Carroll, Nigel T. Maidment, and Christopher J. Evans1, J. Neurosci., 23 (32), 10331–10337 (2003).

Structural and Functional Probing of the Biogenic Amine Transporters by Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Soren G. Rasmussen, Erika M. Adkins, F. Ivy Carroll, Martin J. Maresch, and Ulrik Gether, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 479 (1–3), 13–22 (2003).

Synthesis, Monoamine Transporter Binding Properties, and Behavioral Pharmacology of a Series of 3β- (Substituted Phenyl)-2β-(3'-substituted Isoxazol-5-yl)tropanes, F. Ivy Carroll, Neil Pawlush, Michael J. Kuhar, Gerald T. Pollard, and James L. Howard, J. Med. Chem., 47 (2), 296–302 (2004).

Discovery of the First N-Substituted 4β-Methyl-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)morphan to Possess Highly Potent and Selective Opioid δ Receptor Antagonist Activity, F. Ivy Carroll, Li Zhang, S. Wayne Mascarella, Hernán A. Navarro, Richard B. Rothman, Buddy E. Cantrell, Dennis M. Zimmerman, and James B. Thomas, J. Med. Chem., 47 (2), 281–284 (2004).

Distinct Molecular Recognition of Psychostimulants by Human and Drosophila Serotonin Transporters, David L. Roman, Shannon N. Saldaña, David E. Nichols, F. Ivy Carroll, and Eric L. Barker, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 308 (2), 679–687 (2004).

The Importance of Phenolic Address Groups in Opioid Kappa Receptor Selective Antagonists, James B. Thomas, Scott E. Fix, Richard B. Rothman, S. Wayne Mascarella, Christina M. Dersch, Buddy E. Cantrell, Dennis M. Zimmerman, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 47 (4), 1070–1073 (2004).

Epibatidine Structure-Activity Relationships, F. Ivy Carroll, (Proceedings from NIDA Neuronal Nicotinic Ligands and Receptors Symposium, June 12–13, 2003), Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 14 (8), 1889– 1896 (2004); Corrigendum: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 14 (22), 5713 (2004).

Effects of Dopamine Transporter Inhibitors on Cocaine Self-Administration in Rhesus Monkeys: Relationship to Transporter Occupancy Determined by Positron Emission Tomography Neuroimaging, Kimberly P. Lindsey, Kristin M. Wilcox, John R. Votaw, Mark M. Goodman, Christophe Plisson, F. Ivy Carroll, Kenner C. Rice, and Leonard L. Howell, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 309 (3), 959–969 (2004).

Effects of Murine-Derived Anti-Methamphetamine Monoclonal Antibodies on (+)-Methamphetamine Self-Administration in the Rat, Donald E. McMillan, William C. Hardwick, Mi Li, Melinda G. Gunnell, F. Ivy Carroll, Philip Abraham, and Samuel M. Owens, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 309 (3), 1248–1255 (2004).

Orphanin FQ/Nociceptin Suppresses Motor Activity through an Action Along the Mesoaccumbens Axis in Rats, Shridhar Narayanan, Hoa Lam, F. Ivy Carroll, and Kabirullah Lutfy, J. Psychiatry Neurosci., 29 (2), 116–123 (2004).

Synthesis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Binding, and Antinociceptive Properties of 2'-Fluoro-3'- (substituted phenyl)deschloroepibatidine Analogues. Novel Nicotinic Antagonist, F. Ivy Carroll, Roy Ware, Lawrence E. Brieaddy, Hernán A. Navarro, M. I. Damaj, and Billy R. Martin, J. Med. Chem., 47 (18), 4588–4594 (2004).

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Enantioselective Effects of Hydroxy Metabolites of Bupropion on Behavior and on Function of Monoamine Transporters and Nicotinic Receptors, M. Imad Damaj, F. Ivy Carroll, J. Brek Eaton, Hernán A. Navarro, Bruce E. Blough, Sadiq Mirza, Ronald J. Lukas, and Billy R. Martin, Mol. Pharmacol., 66 (3), 675–682 (2004).

Pharmacological Properties of JDTic: A Novel κ Opioid Receptor Antagonist, F. Ivy Carroll, James B. Thomas, Linda A. Dykstra, Arthur L. Granger, Richard M. Allen, James L. Howard, Gerald T. Pollard, Mario D. Aceto, and Louis S. Harris, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 501, 111–119 (2004).

Monoamine Transporter Binding, Locomotor Activity, and Drug Discrimination Properties of 3-(4- Substituted-phenyl)tropane-2-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester Isomers, F. Ivy Carroll, Scott P. Runyon, Philip Abraham, Hernán Navarro, Michael J. Kuhar, Gerald T. Pollard, and James L. Howard, J. Med. Chem., 47 (25), 6401–6409 (2004).

Synthesis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Binding, and Antinociceptive Properties of 3'-Substituted Deschloroepibatidine Analogs. Novel Nicotinic Antagonists, F. Ivy Carroll, Wei Ma, Yasuno Yokota, Jeffrey R. Lee, Lawrence E. Brieaddy, Hernán A. Navarro, M. I. Damaj, and Billy R. Martin, J. Med. Chem., 48 (4), 1221–1228 (2005).

Interaction of Cocaine and Dopamine Transporter Inhibitors on Behavior and Neurochemistry in Monkeys, Brett C. Ginsburg, Heather L. Kimmel, F. Ivy Carroll, Mark M. Goodman, and L. L. Howell, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 80 (3), 481–491 (2005).

Synthesis, Structural Identification, and Ligand Binding of Tropane Ring Analogs of Paroxetine and an Unexpected aza-Bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane Rearrangement Product, Scott P. Runyon, Jason P. Burgess, Philip Abraham, Kathryn I. Keverline-Frantz, Judy Flippen-Anderson, Jeffrey Deschamps, Anita H. Lewin, Hernán A. Navarro, John W. Boja, Michael J. Kuhar, and F. Ivy Carroll, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 13 (7), 2439–2449 (2005).

Synthesis and Monoamine Transporter Binding Properties of 3β-(3’,4’-Disubstituted Phenyl)tropane-2β- carboxylic Acid Methyl Esters, F. Ivy Carroll, Bruce E. Blough, Zhe Nie, Michael J. Kuhar, Leonard L. Howell, and Hernán A. Navarro, J. Med. Chem., 48 (8), 2767–2771 (2005).

Synthesis and Monoamine Transporter Binding Properties of 3α-(Substituted-phenyl)nortropane-2β- carboxylic Acid Methyl Esters. Norepinephrine Transporter Selective Compounds, F. Ivy Carroll, Sameer Tyagi, Bruce E. Blough, Michael J. Kuhar, and Hernán A. Navarro, J. Med. Chem., 48 (11), 3852–3857 (2005).

Galanthamine Analogs: 6H-Benzofuro[3a,3,2-e,f][3]benzazepine, Anita H. Lewin, Jerzy Szewczyk, Joseph W. Wilson, and F. Ivy Carroll, Tetrahedron, 61 (30), 7144–7152 (2005).

Tritiation of the Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonist SR144528 Involving Lithium Aluminum Tritide Reduction; Assessment of the Kinetic Isotope Effect by 3H-NMR, Herbert H. Seltzman, Matthew C. Foster, Christopher D. Wyrick, Jason P. Burgess, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Label. Comp. Radiolabel. Pharm., 48 (8), 589–596 (2005).

Structure–activity Relationship of Trihexyphenidyl Analogs with Respect to the Dopamine Transporter in the on Going Search for a Cocaine Inhibitor, D. E. Dar, M. Thiruvazhi, P. Abraham, S. Kitayama, T. A. Kopajtic, A. Gamliel, B. S. Slusher, F. I. Carroll, G. R. Uhl, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 40 (10), 1013–1021 (2005).

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Cocaine Self-administration and Locomotor Activity Are Altered in Lewis and F344 Inbred Rats by RTI 336, a 3-Phenyltropane Analog That Binds to the Dopamine Transporter, Colin N. Haile, Xiang Yang Zhang, F. Ivy Carroll, and Therese A. Kosten, Brain Res., 1055 (1–2), 186–195 (2005).

Differential Effects of the Novel Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonist, JDTic, on Reinstatement of Cocaine-Seeking Induced by Footshock-Stressors vs Cocaine Primes and Its Antidepressant-Like Effects in Rats, Patrick M. Beardsley, James L. Howard, Keith L. Shelton, and F. Ivy Carroll, Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 183, 118–126 (2005).

Bupropion Increases Striatal Vesicular Monoamine Transport, Kristi S. Rau, Elisabeth Birdsall, Jarom E. Hanson, Kamisha L. Johnson-Davis, F. Ivy Carroll, Diana G. Wilkins, James W. Gibb, Glen R. Hanson, and Annette E. Fleckenstein, Neuropsychopharmacology, 49 (6), 820–830 (2005).

Effects of JDTic, a Selective Kappa-Opioid Receptor Antagonist, on the Development and Expression of Physical Dependence on Morphine Using a Rat Continuous-Infusion Model, F. Ivy Carroll, Louis S. Harris, and Mario D. Aceto, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 524 (1–3), 89–94 (2005).

Opioids and Addiction: Emerging Pharmaceutical Strategies for Reducing Reward and Opponent Processes, Camron D. Bryant, Paulette A. Zaki, F. Ivy Carroll, and Christopher J. Evans, Clin. Neurosci. Res., 5 (2–4), 103–115 (2005).

Synthesis and Monoamine Transporter Binding Properties of 2,3-Diaryltropanes, Sharadsrikar V. Kotturi, Songchun Jiang, An-Chih Chang, Philip Abraham, Hernán A. Navarro, Michael J. Kuhar, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 48 (23), 7437–7444 (2005).

Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of exo-2-(2'-Chloro-5-pyridinyl)-7-endo- (and exo-) aminobicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes as Novel Epibatidine Analogues, F. Ivy Carroll, Lawrence E. Brieaddy, Hernán A. Navarro, M. I. Damaj, and Billy R. Martin, J. Med. Chem., 48 (23), 7491–7495 (2005).

N-Substituted cis-4a-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-8a-methyloctahydroisoquinolines Are Opioid Receptor Pure Antagonists, F. Ivy Carroll, Sachin Chaudhari, James B. Thomas, S. Wayne Mascarella, Kenneth M. Gigstad, Jeffrey Deschamps, and Hernán A. Navarro, J. Med. Chem., 48 (26), 8182–8193 (2005).

A Reduced Rate of in Vivo Dopamine Transporter Binding Is Associated with Lower Relative Reinforcing Efficacy of Stimulants, Sunmee Wee, F. Ivy Carroll, and William L. Woolverton, Neuropsychopharmacology, 31 (2), 351–362 (2006).

A Novel Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonist Radioligand for PET Studies, Yu-Shin Ding, Kun- eek Kil, Kuo-Shyan Lin, Wei Ma, Yasuno Yokota, and F. Ivy Carroll, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16 (4), 1049–1053 (2006).

N-Substituted 4β-Methyl-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-7α-amidomorphans Are Potent, Selective, κ Opioid Receptor Antagonists, F. Ivy Carroll, Matt S. Melvin, Michel C. Nuckols, S. Wayne Mascarella, Hernán A. Navarro, and James B. Thomas, J. Med. Chem., 49 (5), 1781–1791 (2006).

2-Fluoro-3-(4-nitrophenyl)deschloroepibatidine Is a Novel Potent Competitive Antagonist of Human Neuronal α4β2 nAChRs, Galya R. Abdrakhmanova, M. Imad Damaj, F. Ivy Carroll, and Billy R. Martin, Mol. Pharmacol., 69 (6), 1945–1952 (2006).

Development of the Dopamine Transporter Selective RTI-336 as a Pharmacotherapy for Cocaine Abuse, F. Ivy Carroll, James L. Howard, Leonard L. Howell, Barbara S. Fox, and Michael J. Kuhar, AAPS J., 8 (1), Article 24, E196–203 (2006).

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[125I]Iodomethyllycaconitine Binds to α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Monkey Brain, Jennifer M. Kulak, F. Ivy Carroll, and Jay S. Schneider, Eur. J. Neurosci., 23 (10), 2604–2610 (2006).

Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Properties of (+)- and (-)-Pyrido-[3,4-b]homotropanes, F. Ivy Carroll, Xingding Hu, Hernán A. Navarro, Jeffrey Deschamps, Galya R. Abdrakhmanova, M. Imad Damaj, and Billy R. Martin, J. Med. Chem., 49 (11), 3244–3250 (2006).

Synthesis and Monoamine Transporter Binding Properties of 2,3-Cyclo Analogues of 3β-(4’- Aminophenyl)-2β-tropanemethanol, F. Ivy Carroll, Bruce E. Blough, Xiaodong Huang, Zhe Nie, S. Wayne Mascarella, Jeffrey Deschamps, and Hernán A. Navarro, J. Med. Chem., 49 (14), 4589– 4594 (2006).

Varenicline Is a Partial Agonist at α4β2 and a Full Agonist at α7 Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors, Karla B. Mihalak, F. Ivy Carroll, and Charles W. Luetje, Mol. Pharmacol., 70 (3), 801–805 (2006).

Highly Potent and Selective Phenylmorphan-based Inverse Agonists of the Opioid δ Receptor, James B. Thomas, Li Zhang, Hernán A. Navarro, and F. Ivy Carroll, J. Med. Chem., 49 (18), 5597–5609 (2006).

Dopamine Transporter Ligands: Recent Developments and Therapeutic Potential, Scott P. Runyon and F. Ivy Carroll, Curr. Top. Med. Chem., 6 (17), 1825–1843, 2006.

Effects of Dopamine Transporter Selective 3-Phenyltropane Analogs on Locomotor Activity, Drug Discrimination, and Cocaine Self-Administration after Oral Administration, F. Ivy Carroll, Barbara S. Fox, Michael J. Kuhar, James L. Howard, Gerald T. Pollard, and Susan Schenk, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 553 (1–3), 149–156 (2006).

Synthesis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Binding, Antinociceptive and Seizure Properties of Methyllycaconitine Analogs, F. Ivy Carroll, Wei Ma, Hernán A. Navarro, Philip Abraham, Scott A. Wolckenhauer, M. I. Damaj, and Billy R. Martin, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15 (2), 678–685 (2007).

Effects of Combined Dopamine and Serotonin Transporter Inhibitors on Cocaine Self-Administration in Rhesus Monkeys, Leonard L. Howell, F. Ivy Carroll, John R. Votaw, Mark M. Goodman, and Heather L. Kimmel, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 320 (2), 757–765 (2007).

Faster Onset and Dopamine Transporter Selectivity Predict Stimulant and Reinforcing Effects of Cocaine Analogs in Squirrel Monkeys, Heather L. Kimmel, Joann A. O’Connor, F. Ivy Carroll, and Leonard L. Howell, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 2006; doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2006.12.006.

An Improved Procedure for the Synthesis of DAMGO, P. Anantha Reddy, Anita H. Lewin, and F. Ivy Carroll, Syn. Commun., accepted.

Residues in Transmembrane Helix V of the Serotonin Transporter Form Ligand Contact Sites for Cocaine Analogues: CoMFA Analysis Using Selectivity Fields, David L. Roman, Crystal C. Walline, Gustavo J. Rodríguez, Kellie J. White, David E. Nichols, F. Ivy Carroll, and Eric L. Barker, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., submitted.

Consequences of Irreversible Versus Competitive Inhibition of Serotonin Transporter on Its Function, Saloua Benmansour, Alfonso V. Altamirano, F. Ivy Carroll, and Alan Frazer, Biol. Psychiatry, submitted.

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Temperature-dependent Enhancement of Buprenorphine Analgesia in the Tail-Withdrawal Assay: Improved Synthesis of the ORL Antagonist J-113397, Camron D. Bryant, Kabirullah Lutfy, Lawrence E. Brieaddy, Christopher J. Evans, and F. Ivy Carroll, Bioorg. Med. Chem., submitted.

Synthesis of the ORL-1 Antagonists 1-[(3R,4R)-1-Cyclooctylmethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-4-piperidyl]-3- ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one (J-113397) from the Versatile Chiral Intermediate 4- Amino-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylic Acid tert-Butyl Ester, Emilie D. Smith, N. Arianne Vinson, Desong Zhong, Bert Berrang, Jenny Catanzaro, James B. Thomas, Jeffrey Deschamps, and F. Ivy Carroll, Org. Lett., submitted.

Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Phenylethynyl[1,2,4]methyltriazines as Analogues of 3- Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP), F. Ivy Carroll, Sharadsrikar V. Kotturi, Hernán A. Navarro, S. Wayne Mascarella, Brian P. Gilmour, Forrest L. Smith, Bichoy H. Gabra, and William L. Dewey, J. Med. Chem., submitted.

Using Hapten Design to Discover Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies for Treating Methamphetamine Abuse, Eric C. Peterson, Melinda Gunnell, Yingni Che, Robyn L. Goforth, F. Ivy Carroll, Ralph Henry, and S. Michael Owens, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., submitted.

Synthesis and Resolution of the Benzomorphan-Based Kappa Opioid Agonist Bremazocine, James B. Thomas, Lawrence E. Brieaddy, Karl G. Boldt, Carin Perretta, and F. Ivy Carroll, Synthesis, submitted.

Presentations

Medicinal Chemistry Research, 3-Phenyltropanes, seminar presented as guest of Dr. Arthur E. Harms, Albany Molecular Research, Inc., Albany, NY, August 17, 2000.

Development of Selective Opioid Agonists and Antagonists, seminar presented as guest of Dr. William K. Schmidt, Adolor Corporation, Malvern, PA, September 14, 2000.

Medicinal Chemistry Research—3-Phenyltropanes, F. I. Carroll, presentation for 2000 Southern Chemist Award, Memphis Section of American Chemical Society, Memphis, TN, December 5, 2000.

Design, Synthesis, and Development of 3-Phenyltropane DAT-Selective Compounds, F. I. Carroll, invited speaker for Symposium on Synthesis and SAR Studies of New Targets for the Dopamine Transporter, 52nd Southeast/56th Southwest Combined ACS Regional Meeting, New Orleans, LA, December 5–7, 2000.

Medicinal Chemistry Research—3-Phenyltropanes, F. I. Carroll, invited speaker, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, January 25, 2001.

Development of Selective Opioid Antagonists, F. I. Carroll, invited speaker, BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL, February 28, 2001.

Development of Selective Opioid Antagonists, F. I. Carroll, invited speaker, co-sponsored by Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology’s NIDA Drug Abuse Research Center and Institute of Drug and Alcohol Studies, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA, March 14, 2001.

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Keynote Speaker, Twenty-first Annual Graduate Student Symposium in Pharmacological Sciences and Biorelated Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, March 24, 2001.

Medicinal Chemistry Research—3-Phenyltropanes, F. I. Carroll, invited speaker for Symposium on Trends in Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, April 27, 2001.

Medicinal Chemistry Research, F. I. Carroll, for presentation of Herty Award by Georgia Section of the American Chemical Society, Atlanta, GA, May 21, 2001.

Application of Irreversible, Fluorescent, and Other Probes for Studying Monoamine Transporters, F. I. Carroll, 63rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Scottsdale, AZ, June 17–22, 2001.

Development of Selective Opioid Antagonists, F. I. Carroll, invited speaker for Philip S. Portoghese Symposium in Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, August 23–24, 2001.

Development of Selective Opioid Antagonists, F. I. Carroll, invited speaker for Symposium on Recent Developments in the Design and Synthesis of Compounds Related to Drugs of Abuse, SERMACS 2001, Savannah, GA, September 23–26, 2001.

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Binding, and Antinociceptive Properties of 2-exo-2-(2'-Substituted-3'- phenyl-5'-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes. Novel Nicotinic Antagonist, F. I. Carroll, Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Eighth Annual Meeting, Savannah, GA, February 20–23, 2002.

Pharmacotherapies for Treatment of Cocaine Abuse—Preclinical Aspects, F. I. Carroll, invited speaker, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Winston-Salem, NC, March 14, 2002.

Development of Selective Opioid Antagonists F. I. Carroll, invited speaker, Everette May Symposium, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA, April 3–4, 2002.

Pharmacotherapies for Treatment of Cocaine Abuse—Preclinical Aspects, F. I. Carroll, invited speaker, AstraZeneca, Worcester, MA, April 9, 2002.

Monoamine Transporters and Opioid Receptors—Targets for Addiction Therapy, F. I. Carroll, invited speaker for the Medicinal Chemistry Division Award Symposium and to receive 2002 Medicinal Chemistry Division Award, 28th National Medicinal Chemistry Symposium, San Diego, CA, June 8–12, 2002.

Strategies for the Development of Ligands for Opioid Receptors and Monoamine Transporters, F. I. Carroll, invited speaker for NIDA Symposium on Stimulants and Other Drugs of Abuse and Their Effects of Neuropeptidergic Systems, Marco Island, FL, June 28–29, 2002.

Identification of the First Dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine and 5-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)morphan Derivatives to Possess Highly Potent and Selective Opioid Kappa Receptor Antagonist Activity, I. Carroll, J. Thomas, W. Mascarella, and R. Rothman, 2002 International Narcotics Research Conference, Monterey, CA, July 9–14, 2002.

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Epibatidine: Structure Activity Relationship Studies, F. I. Carroll, invited participant, NIDA-Sponsored Conference: Neuronal Nicotinic Ligands and Receptors, Bal Harbour, FL, June 12–14, 2003.

Synthesis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Binding, and Antinociceptive Properties of Novel Nicotinic Agonists, Antagonists, and Mixed Agonists-Antagonists, F. I. Carroll, invited participant, Chemistry to Pharmacology: Drugs and Dependence Symposium, College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Bal Harbour, FL, June 14–19, 2003.

Discovery and Development of Selective Opioid Antagonists, F. I. Carroll, guest of Dr. Thomas E. Prisinzano, Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, The University of Iowa, May 19, 2004.

Enantioselective Effects of Hydroxymetabolites of Bupropion on Behavior and Function of Monoamine Transporters and Nicotinic Receptors, M. Imad Damaj, F. Ivy Carroll, J. Brek Eaton, Hernán A. Navarro, Bruce E. Blough, Sadek Mirza, Ronald J. Lukas, and Billy R. Martin, 2004 CPDD “Late- Breaking News” Session, San Juan, PR, June 12–17, 2004.

Pharmacotherapies for Treatment of Cocaine Abuse–Preclinical Aspects, F. Ivy Carroll, invited speaker for Addiction and Substance Abuse Session of Medicinal Chemistry Gordon Research Conference, Colby-Sawyer College, New London, New Hampshire, August 1–6, 2004.

Design and Development of Pharmacotherapies and Pharmacological Tools for Substance Abuse, F. Ivy Carroll, invited speaker for AAPS-NIDA Symposium—Frontiers in Science: Drug Addiction-From Basic Research to Therapies, Bethesda, MD, September 9–11, 2004.

Development of the Selective Kappa Opioid Antagonist JDTic as a Pharmacotherapy to Treat Cocaine Abuse, F. Ivy Carroll, invited 17th Annual A. Nelson Voldeng Lecturer for 32nd Annual MALTO Meeting, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, May 22–24, 2005.

The Kappa Opioid Receptor Selective Antagonist JDTic Is Active in the Forced Swim Test in Rats, F. I. Carroll, G. T. Pollard, and J. L. Howard, 2005 Annual CPDD Meeting, Orlando, FL, June 18–23, 2005.

29. Selective Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonist JDTic Blocks Stress-Induced Reinstatement of Cocaine Reinforced Responding and Has Antidepressant-Like Effects in Rats, I. Carroll, P. Beardsley, and J. Howard, INRC, Annapolis, MD, July 10–15, 2005.

Development of the Selective Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonist JDTic, F. Ivy Carroll, invited speaker, 2005 Albany Molecular Research, Inc. Drug Discovery Symposium, Albany, NY, October 6–7, 2005.

Development of Pharmacotherapies for Nicotine Addiction. A Multiple Target Model Approach, F. Ivy Carroll, invited speaker, National Cooperative Drug Discovery Groups (NCDDG) Focused on Nicotine Addiction Meeting, Orlando, FL, February 15, 2006.

Design and Development of Pharmacotherapies for Substance Abuse, F. Ivy Carroll, 2006 Nathan B. Eddy Award Presentation, 68th Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Scottsdale (CPDD), AZ, June 17–22, 2006.

Design and Development of Pharmacotherapies for Substance Abuse, F. Ivy Carroll, 2006 Research Achievement Award in Drug Design and Discovery Presentation, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS), San Antonio, TX, October 29–November 2, 2006.

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Development of Ligands for Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (nAChRs) as Potential Pharmacotherapies for Treating Smokers, F. Ivy Carroll, Hernán A. Navarro, Bruce E. Blough, Billy R. Martin, M. Imad Damaj, Ronald J. Lukas, and Charles W. Luetje, Southeastern Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society (SERMACS), Augusta, GA, November 1–4, 2006.

Patents

Refrigeration Liquid with Leak Indicator and Process of Using Same, Dale E. Stelz, Wilson M. Whaley, and Frank I. Carroll, U.S. Patent No. 4,369,120, January 18, 1983.

Refrigeration Liquid with Blue Leak Indicator and Process of Using Same, Dale E. Stelz, Frank I. Carroll, and Wilson M. Whaley, U.S. Patent No. 4,436,641, March 13, 1984.

Configurationally Locked Retinoids, Frank I. Carroll and Anita H. Lewin, U.S. Patent No. 4,568,757, February 4, 1986.

Azabicycloalkane Phenyl Substituted Alkane Carboxylates, Their Preparation and Use as Anticholinergic Agents, Peter K. Chiang, Michelle M. Richard, Felipe N. Padilla, Frank I. Carroll, and Philip Abraham, U.S. Patent No. 4,713,391, December 15, 1987.

Cocaine Receptor Binding Ligands, Frank I. Carroll, Anita H. Lewin, Philip Abraham, Michael J. Kuhar, and John W. Boja, U.S. Patent No. 5,128,118, July 7, 1992.

Isoprenoid Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors and Preparations Comprising Same, F. Ivy Carroll, Anita Lewin, Kenneth Tramposch, and Stephen A. Steiner, U.S. Patent No. 5,141,959, August 25, 1992.

S-2-(Substituted Ethylamino)ethyl Phosphorothioates, F. I. Carroll and Philip Abraham, U.S. Patent No. 5,298,499, March 29, 1994.

Cocaine Receptor Binding Ligands, Michael J. Kuhar, John W. Boja, Frank I. Carroll, Anita H. Lewin, and Philip Abraham, U.S. Patent No. 5,380,848, January 10, 1995; PCT/US92/09482 filed January 6, 1993.

Cocaine Receptor Binding Ligands, Michael J. Kuhar, Frank I. Carroll, John W. Boja, Anita H. Lewin, and Philip Abraham, U.S. Patent No. 5,413,779, May 9, 1995; PCT/US91/05553 filed August 9, 1991.

Aminoanthraquinone Derivatives to Combat Multidrug Resistance, Clifford W. Sachs, Robert L. Fine, Lawrence M. Ballas, F. Ivy Carroll, and Robert Bell, U.S. Patent No. 5,436,243, July 25, 1995.

Alicyclic Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors, Joanne J. Bronson, Katharine M. Greene, Muzammil M. Mansuri, Stanley V. D'Andrea, F. Ivy Carroll, and Anita Lewin, U.S. Patent No. 5,436,369, July 25, 1995; European Patent Application 94304337.2 filed June 15, 1994.

Cocaine Receptor Binding Ligands, Michael J. Kuhar, Frank I. Carroll, John W. Boja, Anita H. Lewin, and Philip Abraham, U.S. Patent No. 5,496,953, March 5, 1996.

Selective Inhibitors of Biogenic Amine Transporters, Richard Rothman, Frank I. Carroll, Bruce Blough, and Samuel W. Mascarella, U.S. Patent No. 5,574,060, November 12, 1996.

Cocaine Receptor Binding Ligands, Frank I. Carroll, U.S. Patent No. 5,736,123, April 7, 1998.

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Selective Inhibitors of Biogenic Amine Transporters, Richard Rothman, Frank I. Carroll, Bruce Blough, and Samuel W. Mascarella, U.S. Patent No. 5,747,503, May 5, 1998 (amendment filed May 15, 1997, Application No. 746,517); European Patent Application 94 925860.2 filed April 30, 1997 (Divisional Application of EP No. 97 10 7218.6 filed August 11, 1994).

Synthesis of 5-Aminocarbonyl-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine, Javier Gonzalez and F. I. Carroll, U.S. Patent No. 5,831,095, November 3, 1998.

Methods for Controlling Invertebrate Pests Using Cocaine Receptor Binding Ligands, Michael J. Kuhar, Frank I. Carroll, John W. Boja, Anita H. Lewin, and Philip Abraham, U.S. Patent No. 5,935,953, August 10, 1999.

Method for Making Cocaine Receptor Binding Ligands and Intermediates Thereof, Frank Ivy Carroll, U.S. Patent No. 6,123,917, September 26, 2000.

Cocaine Receptor Binding Ligands, Frank I. Carroll, Michael J. Kuhar, John W. Boja, Anita H. Lewin, and Philip Abraham, U.S. Patent No. 6,329,520, December 11, 2001.

Dopamine Transporter Imaging Ligands, Michael J. Kuhar, Frank I. Carroll, John W. Boja, Anita H. Lewin, and Philip Abraham, U.S. Patent No. 6,358,492, March 19, 2002.

Ligands for α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Based on Methyllycaconitine, Frank Ivy Carroll, Philip Abraham, Hernán A. Navarro, and Desong Zhong, U.S. Patent No. 6,416,735, July 9, 2002.

Method of Promoting Smoking Cessation, Frank I. Carroll, U.S. Patent No. 6,479,509 B1, November 12, 2002.

Opiate Compounds, Methods of Making and Methods of Use, Frank I. Carroll, James B. Thomas, and S. Wayne Mascarella, U.S. Patent No. 6,531,481 B1, March 11, 2003.

Cocaine Receptor Binding Ligands, Michael J. Kuhar, Frank I. Carroll, John W. Boja, Anita H. Lewin, and Philip Abraham, U.S. Patent No. 6,531,483 B1, March 11, 2003.

Compounds and Methods for Promoting Smoking Cessation, US Patent No. 6,538,010 B1, March 25, 2003.

Novel Opiate Compounds, Methods of Making and Methods of Use, Frank Ivy Carroll, James B. Thomas, and S. Wayne Mascarella, US Patent No. 6,552,032 B2, April 22, 2003.

Kappa Opioid Receptor Ligands, F. Ivy Carroll, James B. Thomas, and S. Wayne Mascarella, US Patent No. 6,559,159 B2, May 6, 2003.

Opiate Compounds, Methods of Making and Methods of Use, Frank Ivy Carroll, James B. Thomas, and S. Wayne Mascarella, US Patent No. 6,593,348 B2, July 15, 2003.

Monoclonal Antibody Antagonists for Treating Medical Problems Associated with d-Amphetamine-like Drugs, Samuel M. Owens, Frank Ivy Carroll, and Philip Abraham, US Patent No. 6,669,937 B2, December 30, 2003.

Cocaine Receptor Binding Ligands, Frank I. Carroll, Michael J. Kuhar, John W. Boja, Anita H. Lewin, and Philip Abraham, US Patent No. 6,706,880 B2, March 16, 2004.

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Opiate Compounds, Methods of Making and Methods of Use, Frank I. Carroll, James B. Thomas, and S. Wayne Mascarella, US Patent No. 6,900,228 B1, May 31, 2005.

Kappa Opioid Receptor Ligands, F. Ivy Carroll, James B. Thomas, and S. Wayne Mascarella, US Patent No. 6,974,824 B2, December 13, 2005.

Opiate Compounds, Methods of Making and Methods of Use, Frank I. Carroll, James B. Thomas, and S. Wayne Mascarella, US Patent No. 6,900,228 B1, May 31, 2005.

Cocaine Receptor Binding Ligands, Michael J. Kuhar, Frank I. Carroll, John W. Boja, Anita H. Lewin, and Philip Abraham, US Patent No. 7,011,813, March 14, 2006.

Cocaine Receptor Binding Ligands, Frank I. Carroll, Michael J. Kuhar, John W. Boja, Anita H. Lewin, and Philip Abraham, U.S. Serial No. 792,648, filed November 15, 1991.

Cocaine Receptor Binding Ligands, Michael J. Kuhar, John W. Boja, Frank I. Carroll, Anita H. Lewin, and Philip Abraham, application no. 98202861.5, filed November 13, 1992.

Inhibitors of Biogenic Amine Transporters, Richard Rothman, Frank I. Carroll, Bruce Blough, and Samuel W. Mascarella, Int. Appl. No. PCT/US94/09152, August 11, 1994, WO 95/05364.

Cocaine Receptor Binding Ligands, Michael J. Kuhar, Frank I. Carroll, John W. Boja, Anita H. Lewin, and Philip Abraham, U.S. Serial No. 08/506,541, July 24, 1995.

Preparation of ω-Aryl-4-phenylalkenoates as Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors, Joanne J. Bronson, F. Ivy Carroll, Katharine M. Greene, Anita Lewin, Muzammil M. Mansuri, and Stanley V. D. Andrea, Eur. Patent Appl. (1997).

Pharmaceutical Compositions Containing Retinoids for Inhibition of Phospholipase A2, F. Ivy Carroll, Anita Lewin, Kenneth Tramposch, and Stephen A. Steiner, Eur. Patent Appl. (1997).

Cocaine Receptor Binding Ligands, Michael J. Kuhar, Frank I. Carroll, John W. Boja, Anita H. Lewin, and Philip Abraham, U.S. Serial No. 564,755, filed August 22, 1997.

Novel Opiate Compounds/Methods of Making and Methods of Use, James B. Thomas, S. Wayne Mascarella, and F. Ivy Carroll, application no. 077,402, filed March 10, 1998.

Cocaine Receptor Binding Ligands, Frank I. Carroll, Anita H. Lewin, and Philip Abraham, PCT/US99/10456, filed May 20, 1999.

Selective Ligands for the Delta Opioid Receptor, F. Ivy Carroll, Serial No. 09/537,668, filed March 29, 2000.

Ligands for α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Based on Methyllycaconitine, Frank Ivy Carroll, Hernán A. Navarro, Philip Abraham, and Desong Zhong, Int. Application No. PCT/US00/28891, filed November 8, 2000.

Selective Ligands for the Delta Opioid Receptor, Frank Ivy Carroll, James B. Thomas, and S. Wayne Mascarella, Serial No. PCT/US01/08629, filed March 29, 2001.

Method of Treating Nicotine Addiction, Frank Ivy Carroll, Serial No. PCT/US01/42927, filed November 8, 2001.

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Monoclonal Antibody Antagonists for Treating Medical Problems Associated with D-Amphetamine-Like Drugs, Serial No. 10/255,462, Samuel M. Owens, Frank Ivy Carroll, and Philip Abraham, filed September 26, 2002.

Novel Opiate Compounds, Methods of Making and Methods of Use, Frank I. Carroll, James B. Thomas, and S. Wayne Mascarella, Serial No. 266,774, filed October 9, 2002.

Cocaine Receptor Binding Ligands, Michael J. Kuhar, Frank I. Carroll, John W. Boja, and Philip Abraham, Serial No. 10/279,851, filed October 24, 2002.

Compounds and Methods for Promoting Smoking Cessation, Serial No. 337,401, F. Ivy Carroll, filed January 7, 2003.

Novel Opiate Compounds, Methods of Making and Methods of Use, Serial No. 699,885, Frank Ivy Carroll, James B. Thomas, and S. Wayne Mascarella, filed December 23, 2003.

Antibodies against Drugs of Abuse, Samuel M. Owens, Frank I. Carroll, Philip Abraham, Melinda G. Gunnell, Mary Haak-Frendscho, and Xiao Feng, US Patent applied for December 2003.

Cocaine Receptor Binding Ligands, Michael J. Kuhar, Frank I. Carroll, John W. Boja, Anita H. Lewin, and Philip Abraham, US Patent applied for November 12, 2004.

Kappa Opioid Receptor Ligands, Serial No. 11/059,390, Frank I. Carroll, Hernán A. Navarro, Lawrence E. Brieaddy, Scott P. Runyon, filed February 17, 2005.

Opioid Receptor Agonist Compounds, Serial No. 11/113,158, Frank I. Carroll and Hernán A. Navarro, filed April 25, 2005.

Octahydroisoquinoline Compounds as Opioid Receptor Modulators, Serial No. 11/189,068, Frank Ivy Carroll, S. Wayne Mascarella, Hernán A. Navarro, and James B. Thomas, filed July 26, 2005.

Compounds and Methods for Promoting Smoking Cessation, Frank Carroll, Serial No. 11/272,492, Frank Ivy Carroll, filed November 14, 2005.