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Problems of Drug Dependence 1989: Proceedings of the 51St Annual National Institute on Drug Abuse MONOGRAPH SERIES Problems of Drug Dependence 1989 Proceedings of the 51st Annual Scientific Meeting The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES • Public Health Service • Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration Problems of Drug Dependence 1989 Proceedings of the 51st Annual Scientific Meeting The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. Editor: Louis S. Harris, Ph.D. NIDA Research Monograph 95 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICE Public Health Service Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration National Institute on Drug Abuse Off ice of Science 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402 NIDA Research Monographs are prepared by the research divisions of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and published by its Office of Science. The primary objective of the series is to provide critical reviews of research problem areas and techniques, the content of state-of-the-art conferences, and integrative research reviews. Its dual publication emphasis is rapid and targeted dissemination to the scientific and professional community. Editorial Advisors MARTIN W. ADLER, Ph.D. MARY L. JACOBSON Temple University School of Medicine National Federation of Parents for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Drug-free Youth Omaha, Nebraska SYDNEY ARCHER, Ph.D. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, New York REESE T. JONES, M.D. Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute RICHARD E. BELLEVILLE, Ph.D. San Francisco, California NB Associates, Health Sciences Rockville, Maryland DENISE KANDEL, Ph.D. KARST J. BESTEMAN College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alcohol and Drug Problems Association Columbia University of North America New York, New York Washington, D.C. GILBERT J. BOTVIN, Ph.D. Cornell University Medical College HERBERT KLEBER, M.D. Yale University School of Medicine New York, New York New Haven, Connecticut JOSEPH V. BRADY, Ph.D. The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine RICHARD RUSSO Baltimore, Maryland New Jersey State Department of Health Trenton, New Jersey THEODORE J. CICERO, Ph.D. Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri NIDA Research Monograph Series CHARLES R. SCHUSTER, Ph.D. Director, NIDA Parklawn Building, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20857 ii FOREWORD This volume contains the scientific papers presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence. The meeting was held in Keystone, Colorado in June 1989. The National Institute on Drug Abuse is pleased to make these exceptional contributions to the study of drug dependence available to the public as it has for papers presented at other meetings of the CPDD. Once again, the topics cover a wide range of research interests, from the anatomy of brain cells to the prevention and treatment of drug dependency. Of particular interest at this CPDD meeting, though not presented in this volume, was the discussion of the formation of a new research division within NIDA for medications development. There is considerable excitement about the concept of developing new medications for the treatment of addictive disorders, as well as brain and behavior dysfunction. The programs funded by NIDA through this new division will stimulate new research in the neurosciences and pharmacology by members of the CPDD and other scientists. I look forward to the volumes of proceedings of coming CPDD meetings, in which we can expect to see the research papers that will result from NIDA’s new medications development program--another example of the joint concern NIDA and CPDD in unraveling the intricacies of drug dependency. Charles R. Schuster, Ph.D. Director National Institute on Drug Abuse iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. , an independent, nonprofit organization. conducts drug testing an evaluations for academic institutions, government, and industry. This monograph is based on papers or presentations from the 51st Annual Scientific Meeting of the CPDD, held in Keystone, Colorado, in June 1989. In the interest of rapid dissemination, it is published by the National Institute on Drug Abuse in its Research Monograph series as reviewed and submitted by the CPDD. Dr. Louis S. Harris, editor of the monograph, is Chairman of the Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Virginia. COPYRIGHT STATUS The National Institute on Drug Abuse has obtained permission from the copyright holders to reproduce certain previously published material as noted in the text. Further reproduction of this copyrighted material is permitted only as part of a reprinting of the entire publication or chapter. For any other use, the copyright holder’s permission is required. All other material in this volume except quoted passages from copyrighted sources is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced without permission from the Institute or the authors. Citation of the source is appreciated. Opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or official policy of the National Institute on Drug Abuse or any other part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or company. Trade, proprietary, or company names appearing in this-publication are used only because they are considered essential in the context of the studies reported herein. DHHS publication number (ADM)90-1663 Printed 1990 NIDA Research Monographs are indexed in the Index Medicus. They are selectively included in the coverage of American Statistics Index, Biosciences Information Service, Chemical Abstracts, Current Contents, Psychological Abstracts, and Psychopharmacology Abstracts. iv THE COMMITTEE ON PROBLEMS OF DRUG DEPENDENCE BOARD OF DIRECTORS William L. Dewey, Ph.D., Chairman Thomas F. Burks, Ph.D., Chairman-Elect Mary Jeanne Kreek, M.D., Past-Chariman Joseph V. Brady, Ph.D., Sec/Treasurer Keith F. Killam, Ph.D., Chair, Advis. Council Robert L. Balster. Ph.D. Mitchell B. Balter. Ph.D. Thomas J. Crowley, M.D. Richard A. Deitrich, Ph.D. Loretta P. Finnegan, M.D. Louis S. Harris, Ph.D. Donald R. Jasinski, M.D. Reese T. Jones, M.D. Sheppard G. Kellam, M.D. Herbert D. Kleber, M.D. James M. Kulikowski, Jr., M.P.H. Horace H. Loh, Ph.D. Donald E. McMillan, Ph.D. Nancy K. Mello, Ph.D. Jack H. Mendelson, M.D. Beny J. Primm, M.D. Kenner C. Rice, Ph.D. Edward Senay, M.D. Eric J. Simon, Ph.D. E. Leong Way, Ph.D. EXECUTIVE SECRETARY Martin W. Adler, Ph.D. COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Theodore J. Cicero, Ph.D. Animal Testing Committee Marian W. Fischman, Ph.D. Human Testing Committee Charles W. Gorodetzky, M.D., Ph.D. Rules Committee Arthur E. Jacobson, Ph.D. Drug Testing Program v LIAISON PROGRAM COMMITTEE Harold Kalant. M.D., Ph.D. Louis S. Harris, Ph.D., Chair Addiction Research Foundation Loretta P. Finnegan, M.D. (Toronto) Horace H. Loh. Ph.D. Howard McClain Everette L. May, Ph.D. Drug Enforcement Administration Eric J. Simon, Ph.D. Charles R. Schuster, Ph.D. National Institute on Drug Abuse Boris Tabakoff, Ph.D. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Francis J. Vocci, Ph.D. Food and Drug Administration ARRANGEMENTS COMMITTEE Richard A Dietrich, Ph.D. CONTRIBUTING FIRMS, 1988-89 Abbott Labs McNeil Pharmaceuticals Anaquest (Boc-Group) Merck, Sharp & Dohme Research Labs Astra Alab AB Merrill Dow Pharmaceutical, Inc. American Cyanamid (Lederle) Ortho Pharmaceuticals Berlex Labs H.G. Pars Pharmaceuticals Boehringer-Ingelheim Pfizer, Inc. Bristol-Myers Company Reckitt & Colman, Pharm. Div. Burroughs Wellcome Co. Sandoz, Basle Ciba-Geigy Corp. Schering Corp. E.I. DuPont de Nemours Searle Pharmaceuticals. Inc. Glaxo, Inc. E.R. Squibb & Sons Hoffmann-LaRoche Sterling Drug, Inc. ICI Americas, Inc. Syntex Corp. Johnson & Johnson The Upjohn Company Knoll Pharmaceutical Warner-Lambert Eli Lilly Research Wyeth Laboratories vi Contents Welcome and Current Status of CPDD William L. Dewey 1 Animals in Research on Addictive and Mental Disorders: Foundation of the Quest for Knowledge Frederick K. Goodwin 6 Implication for Research of the 1988 Anti-Drug Abuse Act Charles R. Schuster 16 Major initiatives in Alcoholism Research: Current Questions, Future Answers Enoch Gordis 23 Introduction of Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Louis S. Harris 34 Peregrinations Among Drugs of Dependence: Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Lecture Leo E. Hollister 36 Contamination of Clandestinely Prepared Drugs With Synthetic By-Products William H. Soine 44 Structural and Conformational Aspects of the Binding of Aryl-Alkyl Amines to the Phencyclidine Binding Site Andrew Thurkauf, James Monn, Marienna V. Mattson Arthur E. Jacobson and Kenner C. Rice 51 Desipramine Treatment for Relapse Prevention in Cocaine Dependence Susan L. McElroy, Roger D. Weiss, Jack H. Mendelson Siew K. Teoh, Brenda McAfee and Nancy K. Mello 57 NIDA's Medication Development Program - 1989 Charles R. Schuster and Marvin Snyder 64 A Schema for Evaluating Methadone Maintenance Programs John C. Ball 74 vii Evaluation of Treatment for Cocaine-Dependence Charles P. O'Brien, Arthur Alterman, Dan Walter Anna Rose Childress and A. T. McLellan 78 Current Status of Alcoholism Treatment Outcome Research Richard Fuller 85 Pain Modulation: Opiates and Chronic Pain Howard L. Fields 92 Clinical Effectiveness of Analgesics in Chronic Pain States Harlan F. Hill and C. Richard Chapman 102 Arthritic Inflammation in Rats as
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