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2011-1A History

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2011-1A History - 1 - Brief Baseball History 1845 - 2010 The Founding of the Game of Baseball and the Baseball Hall of Fame Baseball Eras & Rules Changes Image source: www.wikipedia.org/wiki/baseball Section 1 - Page 1 Photo Use Permissions, Acknowledgements, Credits for Section 1 The Founding of Baseball & the National Baseball Hall of Fame, 1845-1939 (page 6) Photos by © Joe Taxiera: 7 photos - Taken at the National Baseball Hall-of-Fame (HOF). Public Domain Photos: 8 photos - All non-HOF photos on page 6, with most of them first published prior to 1923. 19th Century Era, 1871-1900 & The Dead Ball Era, 1901-1919 (pages 8 & 10) Public Domain Photos: 32 photos - All photos from these 2 sections, with most of them first published prior to 1923. Most of these photos were available from more than one source, which included the Library of Congress, Baseball Fever, Wikipedia, Wikimedia and numerous other websites, as well as photos by U.S. Government related entities . The Live Ball Era, 1920-1941 (see credits/players on page 12) National Baseball Hall of Fame Library: 14 photos Public Domain Photos: 2 photos The War Era & Integration Era, 1942-1960 (see credits/players on page 14) National Baseball Hall of Fame Library: 16 photos The Expansion Era, 1961-1976 (see credits/players on page 16) Photos courtesy of © Steve's Baseball Photography Pages, Steve Dewing, www.thatsmyboy03.com: 16 photos The Free Agency Era, 1977-1993 (see credits/players on page 18) Photos courtesy of © Steve's Baseball Photography Pages, Steve Dewing, www.thatsmyboy03.com: 10 photos National Baseball Hall of Fame Library: 4 photos Photos by © Greg Eichelberger/[email protected]: 2 photos The Long Ball Era, 1994-2007 (see credits/players on pages 20 & 22) Photos by © KeithAllisonPhoto.com: 11 photos Photos by © Michael G. Baron: 6 photos Photos by © Xiaolei Li: 3 photos Photos by © Peggy Hughes: 5 photos Photo by © Christopher Ebdon: 1 photo Photo by © Andy Monfried: 1 photo Photos by © Greg Eichelberger/[email protected]: 4 photos Public domain photo: 1 photo - Rafael Palmeiro A Transition to a New Era of Stronger Pitching & Defense, 2008-2010 (see credits/players on page 24) Photos by © KeithAllisonPhoto.com: 8 photos Photos by © Michael G. Baron: 4 photos Photo by © Adam P. Fagan: 1 photo Photo by © Brock Fleeger: 1 photo Photo by © Greg Eichelberger/[email protected]: 1 photo Public domain photo: 1 photo - Chris Carpenter Player photos will only be used in this book under the following circumstances: 1) Photos taken by the author of this book. 2) Photos with written permission from the original photographers and/or copyright holders. 3) Photos with written permission from websites verifying they are the original photographers and/or copyright holders. 4) Public Domain - photos first published prior to January 1, 1923 in the United States. 5) Public Domain - unpublished photos (created anywhere) where the author died before 1936. 6) Puplic Domain - published in the U.S. between 1923 and 1977 without a copyright notice. 7) Public Domain - published in the U.S. between 1923 and 1963 with a copyright notice, but copyright not renewed. 8) Public Domain - published outside the U.S. before 1923 (or before July 1, 1909 in the 9th Federal Court District). 9) Public Domain - published outside the U.S. between 1923 and 1977 and that are in the public domain. 10) Public Domain - photos taken by many U.S. Government related entities and designated as public domain. 11) Public Domain - newer photos released to the public domain by the photographers and/or copyright holders. 12) Photos from public libraries, with specific permission for use in this book. 13) Photos on public websites such as Flickr, Wikipedia, Wikimedia, etc., identified as "free use with no restrictions" or "free use with attribution" to the author/photographer, in which case the photographer is identified. Even in this case, most of the original photographers were contacted and they've provided written permission to use their photographs. Section 1 - Page 2 Brief Baseball History Contents - Section 1 Page What Makes Baseball Unique 4 Baseball Eras & Player Photos, 1845 - 2009 6 The Founding of Baseball & the Hall of Fame 1845 - 1939 7 The 19th Century Era 1871 - 1900 9 The Dead Ball Era 1901 - 1919 11 The Live Ball Era 1920 - 1941 13 The War Era & Integration Era 1942 - 1960 15 The Expansion Era 1961 - 1976 17 The Free Agency Era 1977 - 1993 19 The Long Ball Era 1994 - 2007 21 A transition to a new era of stronger Pitching & Defense 2008 - 2010 25 2008 Year in Review 2008 25 2009 Year in Review 2009 26 2010 Year in Review 2010 27 Home Runs - Average # of HR Hit in 30 Current Ballparks 1996 - 2010 28 Home Runs - Home vs. Away - Top 15 Single Season HR Hitters 29 Home Ball Parks - Biggest Hitters' Advantages 1871 - 2010 30 Home Ball Parks - Biggest Pitchers' Advantages 1871 - 2010 31 Year-by-Year MLB-wide Comparison, Pitching & Hitting 1901 - 2010 32 Pitchers with 2.99 ERA, 20 W, 200 SO all in the same season 34 Pitchers with 2.99 ERA, 300 W, 3000 SO in career Hitters with .300 AVG, 100 R, 100 RBI, 40 HR all in the same season 35 Hitters with .300 AVG, 2000 R, 2000 RBI, 500 HR in career Annual Salary Progression 1901 - 2010 36 Highest Career Earnings - Players 1901 - 2010 38 Largest Single Contracts - Players 1901 - 2010 38 2010 Opening Day Team Payrolls vs. 2009 2010 39 MLB Umpires - Most Games & HOF Umpires 1871 - 2010 40 First Night Games at 16 Ballparks, pre-expansion 1935 - 1988 40 Section 1 - Page 3 What makes Baseball Unique, compared to other Major Sports Baseball has its origination from games such as cricket, rounders and town ball in the early 1800's (see pages 6 & 7) , which makes it very different from other major American team sports, such as football, basketball, ice hockey & soccer. Some of the differences include the shape of the playing field, the lack of a clock or time limit to a game, the fact that the defense is in control of the ball, and that the ball doesn't change hands after each score. But the appeal to baseball fans is also about the subtleties or nuances of the game, such as the almost limitless ways of calculating statistics, the vast differences from ballpark to ballpark, situational defenses, and the pitch sequences based on a given batter or circumstance. A team can also choose to not face a batter, simply by intentionally walking him, minimizing the damage he could cause. They allow him to reach first base, but with no further immediate damage. In what other sport can you choose whether to face a strong opposing player, or to just "skip" him? In baseball, the length of the game isn't determined by a clock. Instead of quarters or halves based on a fixed amount of playing time, baseball plays a game with 9 innings per team. Since a team can continue to score runs until 3 outs are recorded, this means that they can both build up a big lead or make up a large deficit in just one inning, before the other team has a chance to respond. In other sports, the ball either changes hands automatically after each score, or at a minimum, there's an opportunity for for some type of face-off or kick-off to regain possession. A large deficit becomes very difficult to make up, because it requires scoring on multiple (separate) possessions with the ball, while keeping the other team to minimal or no scoring. And of course, all of these possessions take time. Players on a team in the lead can draw out each of their possessions to kill time off the clock, holding a lead simply by having the clock run out…in other sports. In baseball, until the last out of the last inning, no matter how many runs a team is behind, there's still a chance to win. The field dimensions vary by ball park, and the shape isn't rectangular like other sports Instead of the rectangular shaped field or playing area seen in other team sports, with offensive teams pushing through the defensive team, trying to make it from one end to the other to score "goals," baseball has it's infield diamond shape. And there is a single focal point, home plate, from which everything happens (no "goals" on each end like other sports). The batter starts at home plate, and scores a run after reaching 1st, 2nd and 3rd bases, and touching home safely. As mentioned before, the team that controls the ball (the defense) actually has no way to score. And the offensive players never touch the ball except with the bat, unless they're hit by a pitch or tagged out with the ball. Most sports have in-bounds and out-of-bounds areas. In baseball, a ball hit in foul territory is out of play for the hitter, but in play for the fielder if they can catch it on the fly. A fielder can even reach into the stands to catch a fly ball for an out. A ball hit over the outfield fence in fair territory is a home run, but even that's fair game if an outfielder can catch it above the fence. The 90 degree angle from home plate to the outfield fences in right and left field is consistent throughout all ball parks. But the distance from home plate to the fences vary by ball park, and the curvature of the fence around the outfield varies as well.
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