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Itatitars *Texas ,DOCUMENT'RE ED 10,9 034 95 SO 008 464 AUTHOR, Higley, Laura Carter TITLE- The Teian: Man of Many Faces. ,INSTITUTION Dissemination Centerfor.BilinqualBicultural Education, Austin, Tex. SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DHEW), WaShinciton, D.C. PUB- DATE, ['73] . NOTE '357p. ..,-__AyAILABLE FROM Dissemination Centerfor Bilingual Bicultural ;Education, 6504'Tracor Lane, Austin, Texas 78721\ '03.00) . , PRICE MF-$0.76' PLUS. POSTAGE. HC Not Available fr m EDRS. DESCRIPTORS. Weric 'n Indian' Culture; American Indians; *Biculturalism; *Cross Cultural Sttdies; Cultu Backgr ;0und; ,q1tural Pluralism; *Ethnic Groups;-- Ethnic rigins; Ethnic Relations;'Ethnic Studies', Ethnology; Mexican Ameriban-HiStory; Mexican Americant; Secondary Education; *Social Studiis; Spanish Americans; *United States Hi-Story- ItaTiTaRs *Texas , ABSTRACT _ This guide is -a study of the many cultures that Went :into- -the- Texas4 from Indians who inhabited- the land -befare_ the,arrival_ of Europeans,to the differenf; Europeinnaiionalities that._ eXPIOredand_settled Tex_ aS. This work 'be' used by students7aS. tettT in secondary level Social studies programs, or by a teacher -a$- a_ _ reference or resource material to supplement dther texts. Also' it do41d_-be-used. in bilingual classroots_to -present the hiStorical ,Contributions of Spanith-speaking peoples in *cast_ or as a Conventional Texas history text. Probing intoi the conflict that arose from the clashes of the different. cultures as they mingled in Teias* the_boOk explores the causes for these conflicts showing them to be multifaceted. The history of Texas is traced from colonization, , through- independence, to statehood, up tolthe 1970s, culminating with the emergence of an ethnic and culturalc4nsciousness in the MeXican Americans. (Author/ND) .12 ********************************************11************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublighede * * materials not available from other 'sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the.best copy available. nevertheless, items of, marginal°* * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of tie microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * responsible for'the quality of the original document. Reproductions * '* supplied by EDRS are the best that can-be made from the original. * *********************************************************************** A U.S;DEPARTME NT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION /A WELFARE- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF- == EDUCATION= THIS DOCUMENT HAS -BEEN -REPRO- RUCE0 EXACTLY AS. RECEIVEO FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN -ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED 00 NOT_ NECESSARILY REPRE SENT OFFICIAL NAXIONAL INSTITUTE OF EOUCAT ION POSITION OR POLICY. "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL IPCMICRO ONLY 14 BEEtjRRAAVED EY TO ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONS OPERAT ING UNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THE NA rioNAL INSTITUTE- OF EOUCATION- -FURTHER RE PROOUCTION OUTXIDE THE ERIC SYSTEM REQUIRES PERMIS- SION OP THE COPYRIGHT OWNER`." t 0 !The project reported herein vas performed pursuant eo.a Orant-froi the U.S. Office orEducation, De pennant of,HeoltheEducation and Welfare. N the opinions expressed ,herein do not-Alec eeeee ily reflect the_positions,or policy of the U.S. Office-- of_EducatiOni andnoOfficial'endor eeee nt-by the U.S. Officer of Education should be inferre4.7 The Dissemination_Center for Bilingual Bicultural Education Si especial E.S.E.A. Title VII project funded by the U.S. Office of-Education through the Education Service Center, RegioeXIII. 'The Dissem- ination Center for Bilingual Bicultdral Education has selected these sateriale'for dissemination but the opinions expressed herein do not nee eeeee ily reflect the position or--policy of the Disselinadip Center for Bilingual Bicultural Education. or of the Education Service Center, 5000M XIII. This publication vas developed and printed with funde,provided by Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.Therefore, it is in the,public domain and may be reproduced for local use. s I 4 - THE TEXAN: MAN OF MANY FACES BY LAURA. CARTER HIGLEY DEL VALLE- BILINGUAL PROGRAM DEL VALLE, TEXAS ILLUSTRATIONS- TONY BELL:COVER AND TITLE CAROLI TA PERKINS: TEXT . PUBLISHED BY DISSDIDATION CENTER FOR BILINGUAL BICUL111RAL EDUCATION AUSTIN, TEXAS Dissemination Center, for 1 Illingual-BiculturallEducation- 6504 Tracor Lithe, Austin; Texas 78721 Juan D. Solis, Director Education Service Center Region XIII Austin, Te Joe Parks, Executive Director FOREWORD When'listing the needs for materials in bilingual programs, educators often rank historical,or-,ethnic studies among thoSe areas that demand, the_greatest attention. The Dissemination Center for Bilingual Bicultural Education, therefore,.is en- deavoring to publish and disseminate instructional materials thatiwll promote greater knowledge and understandingstanding ofeach ethnic, group -- particularly those rePresented in programs Conducted under Title VII ESEA. It is hoped -that= by learning about themselves the individ- gals of onecultural group will develop a greater awareness'of themselves their origins and- their socio-cultural development. Thosevutside the group will also profit by learning about other people', other ways of life; for this knOwledge, in addition to enriching their experiences, will also make-for a better percep- tion of their own culture. With thesegoals in mind, the DiS semination Center for Bilingual Bicultural Education has pub- liShed The Texan: Man of Many Faces. As the title implies, this work is a study of the many cultures that went into the making of Texas -- from the Indians who inhabited the land, prior to the_arrival of the Europeans, to the different-European nationalities that explored and settled it. The Texan:. Man 'of Many Faces probes into the conflicts that arose from the-clashes of the different cultures,-as they mingled in Texas, and explores the causes for these conflicts, showing them to be multifaceted, never a case of one .side being completely right orcompletely. Wrong. ) The history of Texs is traced from colonization,through independence, to statehood, up to the 1970's, culminating with one of the most important social developments of ourtimes'in this country -- the emergence of an ethnic and culturalcon- sciousness in the Mexican American., With this consciousness , came the impetus to cultivate and take pride inthe language and the culture of the Mexican Americans. The Texan: Man of Many Faces may be used by s ents as a text in junior and senior level socialstudies programs, or by the teacher as areference or resourcer material, fromwhich to draw and supplement other texts. It may be used in bilin- gual classrooMs to present the historical contributions of Spanish-speaking peoples in Texas and also as a more conven- tional Texas history. In every case, it should provide a well-balanced view of the cultures and the peoples that gave_\ .r form to Texas. / Juan D. Solis v' TABLE OF CONTENT-S CHAPTER PAGE' I. TEXAS: LAND WITHOUT MAN The Taleo-Americans =2 The American Indian . 3 The AgriCultural Revolution 4 The Caddoan Confederadies S N Karankawa Indians' .7/ 9 Apache A, II. CORONADO AND THE COMANCHES 13 The ConqUistador 13 Coronado' Expledition 17 Juan de Onate The Spanish Again Leave theLand to the Apache 22 24 '...he Comanches . III. FRANCE ON THE FRONTIER 27 The Explorations of LaSalle 27 *St: Denis Sent to Claim Texas for France . 27 IV. THE SPANISH SETTLE TEXAS 32 The Missionary Era 32 Founding of the Texas Missions . .. 35 Friy DliVares Wins More Support 39 Founding of San Antonio -41 TrOuble in the East 41 Easte.rn Missions Moved to San Antonio . 43 The San Antonio Mission Cluster 44 New Settlers at San Antonio 48 vii 60008 PAGE-- Failure in the East 49 The Missionaries Come Again 50 San Saba Planned 51 Foundingof,San Saba 52. The Spanish ,Army Suffers Defeat- 56 Closing, of an Era -,7 Spontaneous,Spanish Settlement Prospers . 62 The- Land of the Charro ' 62' V. THE ANGLOS ARRIVE IN TEXAS . .- . 1N .. 69 . The Making of theAnglo Texan . ..... 70 The Scotch-Irish- '71 U.S. Acquires the Mississippi 'Valley . 77- Kentucky and Tennessee Offered Statehood . 78 The Anglo Enters Spanish Territory 80 % The Filibusters 82 VI. THE EMPRESARIOS 95 The Empresario Austin 96 The First Anglo' Settlement 98 VII. THE TEXAS REVOLUTION t. , 106 The Racial and Political Background . 106. i Mexican Distrust a 110 Poinsett Fails si 111 Anthony Butler in Mexico 112 The Fredoniah Rebellion 113 The-,Law of April 6, 1'830 114 --.-.- AnglczComplaint , 116 Anglos' Demand Slaves 117 Anglosigant,Religious Freedom 118 Judicial System Inadequate 119 EventS Leading to the Revolution 122 BradbUrn Angers Colonists, 123 The Turtle'Bayou hesolutions,.. ... , . 124 Anglos Request Reams 125 viii PAGE Austiri-T avels to Mexico City 126 Wustin Aft'es ed 127 The Explosion of Hostilities 128 War Party Forms 129 Santa Anna Switches Sides . 129 Misunderstanding-Moves Texas s-Toward War . 131 Travis 'at Anahuac 132'. Austin Comes Home 135 Opening Shots Fired at Gonzalez and Victbria 136 Cowntion of 1834 138 Tejas Fails at Its -First Attem at SelfGovernment 139 The First Battle at San Antoni 140 The Government Dissolves Itsel 142 The Military Deteriorates 143 o- The Alamo 144 ConstitutionalDefenseBecomesItalution 150 Houston Takes Command 152 San Jacinto 153 Texas Gains Indepehdence 154 . VIII. THE REPUBLIC OF- TEXAS: A-SHAKEY START . 161 Organization of the New Government'
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