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Notes Introduction: ‘Annales Continues ...’ 1. Joyce Appleby, Lynn Hunt, and Margaret Jacob, Telling the Truth about History (New York, 1994), 83. 2. Fernand Braudel, ‘Personal Testimony’, JMH, 44 (1972): 448–67, 467. 3. John Burrow, A History of Histories: Epics, Chronicles, Romances & Inquiries from Herodotus and Thucydides to the Twentieth Century (London, 2007), 478; see also Gustav Seibt, ‘Erzähler der Langsamen. Französische Historiographie im 20. Jahrhundert’, in Verena von der Heyden-Rynsch, ed., Vive la littérature! Französische Literatur der Gegenwart (Munich, 1988), 234–7. 4. Michael Werner and Bénédicte Zimmermann, ‘Beyond Comparison: Histoire Croisée and the Challenge of Reflexivity’, H&T, 45 (2006): 30–50; Michael Werner and Bénédicte Zimmermann, eds, De la comparaison à l’histoire croisée (Paris, 2004), 24; Robert J.C. Young, Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction (Oxford, 2001), 57–70. 5. Braudel, ‘Personal Testimony’, 467. 6. Henri Berr, L’Histoire traditionnelle et synthèse historique (Paris, 1921), 55. 7. Marc Bloch, Apologie pour l’histoire, ou métier d’historien, edited by Étienne Bloch (Paris, 2007; originally published in 1949), 43. 8. Lucien Febvre, ‘Vers Une Autre Histoire’, RMM, 63 (1949): 225–47, 233, 229. 9. Fernand Braudel, ‘Présence de Lucien Febvre’, in Fernand Braudel, ed., Éventail de l’histoire vivante: Hommage à Lucien Febvre offert par l’amitié d’historiens, linguistes, géographes, économistes, sociologues, ethnologues (2 vols; Paris, 1953), i. 21; Fernand Braudel, ‘Histoire et science sociales: La Longue Durée’, AÉSC, 13 (1958): 725–53, 734. 10. Charles Morazé, ‘Lucien Febvre et l’histoire vivante’, RH, 217 (1957): 1–19, 5. 11. Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, Le Carnaval de Romans: De la Chandeleur au mercredi des cendres, 1579-1580 (Paris, 1979), 223. 12. Georg Iggers, Historiography in the Twentieth Century: From Scientific Objec- tivity to the Postmodern Challenge (Middletown, CT, 2005), 51–2. Although comparison is not the aim here, ‘when we compare historiography of all sorts between countries it has to be the presuppositions they are constructed from that are compared’: Rolf Torstendahl, ‘Assessing Pro- fessional Developments: Historiography in Comparative Perspective’, in Rolf Torstendahl, ed., An Assessment of Twentieth-Century Historiography: Professionalism, Methodologies, Writings (Stockholm, 2000), 9. 13. Martin Fugler, ‘Fondateurs et collaborateurs, les débuts de la Revue de synthèse historique (1900-1910)’, in Agnès Biard, Dominique Bourel and Eric Brian, eds, Henri Berr et la culture du XXe siècle (Paris, 1997), 188. 190 Notes 191 14. Fernand Braudel, ‘Les Annales continuent ...’, AÉSC, 12 (1957): 1–2, 1. 15. Armando Sapori, ‘Necrologio: Lucien Febvre 1878–1957’, Asi, 65 (1957): 131–2, 131; Hugh Trevor-Roper, ‘Fernand Braudel, the Annales and the Mediterranean’, AHR, 44 (1972): 468–79, 468. 16. Philippe Sagnac, ‘Sur la Révolution: 2ème leçon’, in unpublished note- book, ‘Cours et leçons 1936–37’, Sagnac MSS AB XIX 3526. 17. Beatrice F. Hyslop, review of Bloch, Apologie pour l’histoire, AHR,55 (1950): 866–8, 868; A.J.P. Taylor, review of Renouvin, Histoire des Rela- tions Internationales, EHR, 70 (1955): 503–4, 504; A.J.P. Taylor, review of Schieder, Staat und Gesellschaft, EHR, 76 (1959): 754; Hermann Heimpel, Geschichte und Geschichtswissenschaft in unsere Zeit (Göttingen, 1959), 20; Robert Forster, review of Ladurie, Les Paysans de Languedoc, AHR,72 (1967): 596–7, 596. 18. Henri Lapeyre, review of Chaunu and Chaunu, Séville et l’Atlantique (1504- 1650), RH, 218 (1957): 370–4, 374; Harold Perkins, review of Labrousse, ed., L’Histoire Sociale, EHR, 85 (1970): 216. 19. Peter Schöttler, ‘Zur Geschichte der Annales-Rezeption in Deutschland (West)’, in Matthias Middell and Steffen Sammler, eds, Alles gewordene hat Geschichte: Die Schule der Annales in ihren Texten, 1929-1992 (Leipzig, 1994), 40; Lynn Hunt, ‘French History in the Last Twenty Years: The Rise and Fall of the Annales Paradigm’, JCH, 21 (1986): 209–24; Christian Delacroix, ‘Le Moment de l’histoire-science sociale des années 1920 aux années 1940’, in Christian Delacroix, François Dosse and Patrick Garcia, eds, Les Courants historiques en France, XIXe–XXe siècle (Paris, 2005), 200–95; Jean-Pierre V.M. Herubel, “‘The Annales Movement” and Its Historiography: A Selective Bibliography’, FHS, 18 (1993): 346–55. 20. Garrett Mattingly, review of Braudel, La Méditerranée et le monde méditer- ranéen à l’époque de Philippe II, AHR, 55 (1950): 349–51, 350. 21. Delacroix, ‘Le moment de l’histoire-science sociale’ places Annales as one among several other currents. 22. Mandrou to Braudel, 28 Dec. 1952, Braudel MSS f.27. 23. On Bloch’s republicanism, see Massimo Mastrogregori, ‘Due “Carnets” inediti di Marc Bloch (1917–1943): Quelques notes de lecture e Mea’, RSI, 110 (1998): 1005–44, and, on the relationship between Bloch’s republican- ism, Résistance activities and his love of France and her history, see Peter Schöttler, ‘Marc Bloch, die Lehren der Geschichte und die Möglichkeit historischer Prognosen’, ÖZG, 16 (2005): 104–25, and Peter Schöttler, ‘After the Deluge: The Impact of the Two World Wars on the Histori- cal Work of Henri Pirenne and Marc Bloch’, in Stefan Berger and Chris Lorenz, eds, Nationalizing the Past: Historians as Nation Builders in Modern Europe (Basingstoke, 2010), 424–5; Lucien Febvre, ‘Marc Bloch: Dix ans après’, AÉSC, 9 (1954): 145–7, 146. 24. Fernand Braudel, La Méditerranée et le monde méditerranéen à l’époque de Philippe II (Paris, 1949), 17. 25. Isaiah Berlin, Against the Current: Essays in the History of Ideas (London, 1979); Opponents have appeared in monographs and article-length stud- ies: for example, Peter Burke, The French Historical Revolution: The Annales 192 Notes School, 1929–1989 (London, 1990), 112–30; Georg Iggers, ‘Die “Annales” und ihre Kritiker. Probleme moderner französischer Sozialgeschichte’, HZ, 219 (1974): 578–608. 26. Michel de Certeau, L’Écriture de l’Histoire (Paris, 1975), 49–56; Karl Mannheim, Ideology and Utopia, translated by Louis Wirth and Edward Shils (London, 1936; originally published in German in 1929), 259. 27. Bernard Bailyn, review of Stoianovich, French Historical Method, JEH,37 (1977): 1028–34, 1031. 28. André Burgière, The Annales School: An Intellectual History, translated by Jane Marie Todd (Ithaca, NY, 2009; originally published in French in 2006), 2–3. 29. Paolo Zocchi, ‘La Discussione sulle “Annales” fino al 1960’, RSSM,2 (1981): 101–27, 112, 101–2. 30. John L. Harvey, ‘An American Annales? The AHA and the Revue internationale d’histoire économique of Lucien Febvre and Marc Bloch’, JMH, 76 (2004): 578–621, 580. 31. Lutz Raphael, Die Erben von Bloch und Febvre: Annales-Geschichtsschreibung und nouvelle histoire in Frankreich 1945–1980 (Stuttgart, 1994); Schöttler, ‘Zur Geschichte der Annales-Rezeption’. 32. Matthias Middell, ‘Die unendliche Geschichte’, in Middell and Sammler, eds, Alles Gewordene hat Geschichte, 7–40; Philippe Poirrier, Les Enjeux de l’histoire culturelle (Paris, 2004), 218; Guy Bourdé and Hervé Martin, eds, Les Écoles historiques (Paris, 1983). 33. Recent analyses of Third Republican historiography replicate the view, see Isabel Noronha-DiVanna, Writing History in the Third Republic (Newcastle upon Tyne, 2010), 232ff. 34. Michel Foucault, ‘Nietzsche, Genealogy, History’, in Michel Foucault, ed., Languages, Counter-Memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews, translated by Donald F. Bouchard (Ithaca, NY, 1977), 147. 35. Cf. Bevir’s warning: ‘genealogies operate as denaturalizing critiques of ideas and practices that hide the contingency of human life behind formal ahistorical or developmental perspectives’: Mark Bevir, ‘What is Genealogy?’ JPH, 2 (2008): 263–75, 263. 36. Timothy Tackett, foreword to Burgière, The Annales School,x. 37. Cf. Surkis on periodization and the ‘linguistic turn’ in Judith Surkis, ‘When Was the Linguistic Turn? A Genealogy’, AHR, 117 (2012): 700–22, 702. 38. On the problem of generations, see Peter Gordon, Continental Divide: Heidegger, Cassirer, Davis (Cambridge, MA, 2010), 48–52, and compara- tive remarks in Mark Roseman, ‘Generation Conflict and German History, 1770-1968’, in Mark Roseman, ed., Generations in Conflict: Youth Revolt and Generation Formation in Germany 1770-1968 (Cambridge, 1995), 1–46; on Italy and the USA, see Chapters 4 and 7. 39. For example, Burke, French Historical Revolution; cf. Burgière, The Annales School,9. 40. Traian Stoianovich, French Historical Method: The Annales Paradigm (London, 1976), 194; Luciano Allegra and Angelo Torre, La Nascita Notes 193 della storia sociale in Francia dalla Commune alle Annales (Turin, 1977), 79–84, 95–101, 119–25; Stuart Clark, ‘The Annales Historians’, in Quentin Skinner, ed., The Return of Grand Theory in the Human Sci- ences (Cambridge, 1985), 181; Georg Iggers, New Directions in European Historiography (London, 1985), 51–6; Massimo Mastrogregori, Il genio dello storico (Rome, 1987), 45–80, 97–124; Morazé, ‘Lucien Febvre’, 3; Lutz Raphael, Geschichtswissenschaft im Zeitalter des Extreme: Theorien, Methoden, Tendenzen von 1900 bis zur Gegenwart (Munich, 2003), 100–01; Burgière, The Annales School, 13–22. 41. François Dosse, L’Histoire en miettes: Des ‘Annales’ à la ‘nouvelle histoire’ (Paris, 1987), 3; Burke, The French Historical Revolution, 11, 109–10; Peter Schöttler, ‘Henri Berr et l’Allemagne’, in Biard, Bourel and Brian, eds, Henri Berr, 189–203. 42. Burguière, The Annales School, 80. 43. Jacqueline Pluet-Despatin and Gilles Candar, eds, Lucien
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  • GERMAN HISTORICAL INSTITUTE - WASHINGTON ANNUAL LECTURE SERIES No

    GERMAN HISTORICAL INSTITUTE - WASHINGTON ANNUAL LECTURE SERIES No

    GERMAN HISTORICAL INSTITUTE - WASHINGTON ANNUAL LECTURE SERIES No. I FROM PROTESTANT PEASANTS TO JEWISH INTELLECTUALS The Germans in the Peopling of America BERNARD BAILYN CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE GERMAN CATASTROPHE HEINRICH AUGUST WINKLER German Historical Institute Annual Lecture Series No. 1 From Protestant Peasants to Jewish Intellectuals: the Germans in the Peopling of America Bernard Bailyn Causes and Consequences of the German Catastrophe Heinrich August Winkler BERG Oxford / New York / Hamburg First published in 1988 by Berg Publishers Limited 77 Morrell Avenue, Oxford OX4 INQ, UK 175 Fifth Avenue/Room 400, New York, NY 10010, USA Schenefelder Landstr. 14K, 2000 Hamburg 55, FRG for the German Historical Institute 1759 R Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009, USA © German Historical Institute 1988 Printed in the United States of America Preface PLANS TO ESTABLISH A GERMAN HISTORICAL INSTITUTE in the United States originated in 1976, the year of the bicentennial. It took more than ten years, and the efforts of many, to launch the project. In 1987, finally, the new "voyagers to the West" arrived in Washington, D.C. In mid- November 1987 the Institute was officially opened. The addresses printed in this small volume were the highlights of the opening ceremony. In "From Protestant Peasants to Jewish Intellectuals: the Germans in the Peopling of America" Bernard Bailyn from Harvard University brilliantly outlined the dimensions and the changes in the process of German migration to the New World; and in "Causes and Consequences of the German Catastrophe" Heinrich August Winkler from the University of Freiburg underscored the Institute's commitment to careful analysis and critical examination of twentieth-century German history.