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Water Quality Step 1 Report , FEASIBILITY INVESTIGATION uifer Storage. and Recovery System Submitted to City of Laredo Laredo, Texas By CHMHIU. October 1996 DEN/PU11 8069.HO.ZZ/6-96 Step 1 Report FEASIBILITY INVESTIGATION uifer Storage and Recovery System Submitted to City of Laredo Laredo, Texas By CHMHILL October 1996 DEN/PU118069 HO.ZZ/6-96 Engineers Planners Economists Scientists October 1, 1996 118069.HO.ZZ Mr. Jerry Pinzon, P.E. Manager, Water Utility 4002 N. Bartlett Avenue P.O. Box 2950 Laredo, TX 78044 Dear Mr. Pinzon: Subject: Aquifer Storage and Recovery-Step 1 Report CH2M HILL is pleased to transmit this Step 1 Report for the Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) Feasibility Investigation. This phase of the project has consisted mostly of assembling and analyzing existing well information in the Laredo area and assessing the City's water supply and storage plans to determine how the ASR technology might fit into the City's future program. It appears that the ASR technology does have potential applications in the City's future strategy and that the aquifer formations in the Laredo area may yield storage and recovery results that would support the development of a viable ASR program. Further field testing is necessary to confirm the Step 1 findings. Therefore, we are recommending that the City proceed with the second step of the investigation which will consist of developing and testing new wells in selected locations in and around the City. It has been a pleasure working with you on this important project. We are prepared to review the conclusions and recommendations of this report at your convenience. Sincerely, CH2MHILL J. Michael Anglea, P.E. Project Manager DEN /7638.DOC c: Fernando Roman, P.E. Rogelio Rivera, P.E. Son Antonio Office Centre Plaza Buildtng. 45 NE Loop 410. Suite 840 210 377-3081 San Antonio. TX 782 16-583 1 Fox No. 210 349-8944 Contents Section Page 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1-1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 1-1 Report Organization ........................................................................................................... 1-1 2 Summary of Hydrogeologic Resources ......................................................................... 2-1 Regional Setting ................................................................................................................... 2-1 Shallow Aquifer .................................................................................................................. 2-1 Deep Aquifers ...................................................................................................................... 2-2 Groundwater Quality ......................................................................................................... 2-2 ASR Considerations ............................................................................................................ 2-3 3 Water Demand and Availability Overview .................................................................. 3-1 Existing Water System ........................................................................................................ 3-1 Existing and Future Water Demand................................................................................. 3-1 Raw Water Availability ...................................................................................................... 3-4 Water Quality ...................................................................................................................... 3-7 General ASR Applications ................................................................................................. 3-7 4 ASR Conceptual Applications ......................................................................................... 4-1 Conceptual ASR Application for Laredo ......................................................................... 4-3 5 Alternative Water System Improvements ..................................................................... 5-1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 5-1 Surface Water Alternatives ................................................................................................ 5-1 Groundwater Alternatives ................................................................................................. 5-2 Import Fresh Groundwater Supplies .................................................................. 5-2 Blending Brackish Water ...................................................................................... 5-3 Reverse Osmosis Treatment of Brackish Water ................................................. 5-3 Recharge of Treated Brackish Groundwater ...................................................... 5-6 Reclaimed Wastewater Reuse ........................................................................................... 5-6 Comparison of Alternatives .............................................................................................. 5-8 6 ASR Recommendations and Proposed Implementation Plan .................................. 6-1 Summary of Findings ......................................................................................................... 6-1 Recommendations ............................................................................................................... 6-1 Proposed Development Plan ............................................................................................. 6-2 Appendix 1 Technical Memorandum No.1: Phase 1 Geologic Assessment Attachment lA: Geophysical Report Attachment 1B: Geophysical Report Plates Technical Memorandum No.2: Underground Injection Control and Surface Water Permits DEN/7358.DOC Contents, Continued Attachment 2A Attachment 2B Attachment 2C Attachment 20 Attachment 2E Appendix 2 Technical Memorandum No. 3: Preliminary Geochemical Evaluation Technical Memorandum No.4: Water Demand and Water Availability Overview Appendix3 Technical Memorandum No.5: Potential ASR Applications DENI7358.DOC Ill Contents, Continued Tables 3-1 Rio Grande Water Rights ................................................................................................... 3-6 5-1 Purchase Excess Water Rights ........................................................................................... 5-2 5-2 Import Fresh Groundwater from Winter Garden Area ................................................. 5-4 5-3 Reverse Osmosis Treatment of Brackish Water. ............................................................. 5-5 5-4 Reverse Osmosis Treatment of Brackish Water with ASR. ........................................... 5-7 5-5 Comparison of Alternatives .............................................................................................. 5-9 Figures 3-1 Facility Locations, ASR Project ......................................................................................... 3-2 3-2 Historic Treated Water Demands and Linear Projections ............................................ 3-3 3-3 Seasonal Water Demand Conditions 1992-1995 ............................................................. 3-5 3-4 Monthly Raw Water Turbidity.......................................................................................... 3-8 DENI7358.DOC IV SECTION 1 Introduction Overview The City of Laredo, Texas, operates a water supply system that serves residential, commercial, industrial, and wholesale customers in the city and surrounding areas. The Rio Grande River is the sole source of raw water. The City is located along a reach of the river between the Amistad and Falcon Reservoirs. The City is experiencing growth in population and water demand, particularly in areas north and south of the City. The current and projected growth is resulting in increased water demands and the requirements for expanded water system facilities. Additionally, the population growth will result in the City exceeding its current municipal water rights in the near future. While there is an active market in water rights allocations, there is a finite limit to the amount of water available to meet continued growth in this area, especially during drought conditions. The Rio Grande Watermaster has already implemented restrictions on agricultural water rights and has the authority to prorate municipal water rights should this ever become necessary. Due to continued growth, the City of Laredo applied for, and received, partial grant funding from the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) to begin evaluating whether Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) would be feasible and beneficial to the City. The City applied for the grant funding in July 1995. The ASR concept works by storing large volumes of water through wells drilled into existing underground water bearing geologic formations known as aquifers. Water is typically produced for ASR recharge during times of the year when excess supply or treatment capacity is available. The stored water is later recovered to meet demands when supply is limited, or treatment capacity is exceeded. Experience with ASR systems for other utilities has also shown that ASR systems can typically be implemented for substantially less cost than the more conventional alternatives to meeting peak water demands. This report on the preliminary feasibility of ASR for the City
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