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Structure of the Yegua-Jackson Aquifer of the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain Report

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Structure of the Yegua-Jackson Aquifer of the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain Report Structure of the Yegua-Jackson Aquifer of the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain Report ## by Legend Paul R. Knox, P.G. State Line Shelf Edge Yegua-Jackson outcrop Van A. Kelley, P.G. County Boundaries Well Locations Astrid Vreugdenhil Sediment Input Axis (Size Relative to Sed. Vol.) Facies Neil Deeds, P.E. Deltaic/Delta Front/Strandplain Wave-Dominated Delta Steven Seni, Ph.D., P.G. Delta Margin < 100' Fluvial Floodplain Slope 020406010 Miles Shelf-Edge Delta Shelf/Slope Sand > 100' Texas Water Development Board P.O. Box 13231, Capitol Station Austin, Texas 7871-3231 September 2007 TWDB Report ##: Structure of the Yegua-Jackson Aquifer of the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain Texas Water Development Board Report ## Structure of the Yegua-Jackson Aquifer of the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain by Van A. Kelley, P.G. Astrid Vreugdenhil Neil Deeds, P.E. INTERA Incorporated Paul R. Knox, P.G. Baer Engineering and Environmental Consulting, Incorporated Steven Seni, Ph.D., P.G. Consulting Geologist September 2007 This page is intentionally blank. ii This page is intentionally blank. iv TWDB Report ##: Structure of the Yegua-Jackson Aquifer of the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain Table of Contents Executive Summary......................................................................................................................E-i 1. Introduction......................................................................................................................... 1-1 2. Study Area and Geologic Setting........................................................................................ 2-1 2.1 Description of the Study Area.................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 Geologic Setting....................................................................................................... 2-2 2.2.1 Lithology of Geologic Units......................................................................... 2-5 2.2.1.1 Upper Claiborne Group................................................................... 2-6 2.2.1.2 Jackson Group................................................................................. 2-7 3. Previous Work.................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Geology .................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Hydrogeology........................................................................................................... 3-2 4. Analysis Methodology and Approach ................................................................................ 4-1 4.1 Data Selection........................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Stakeholder Data Sources............................................................................. 4-1 4.1.2 Geophysical Log Sources............................................................................. 4-3 4.1.3 Structural Geology Sources.......................................................................... 4-4 4.1.4 Lithology and Depositional Systems Sources.............................................. 4-4 4.2 Stratigraphic Interpretation Approach...................................................................... 4-5 4.2.1 Incorporation of Existing Data and Knowledge........................................... 4-5 4.2.2 Chronostratigraphic Concepts and Interpretation Methodology.................. 4-6 4.2.2.1 Concepts.......................................................................................... 4-6 4.2.3 Methodology ................................................................................................ 4-8 4.3 Structure Mapping Approach ................................................................................. 4-10 4.3.1 Potential Mismatch of Previously Mapped Outcrop Boundaries and Layer Outcrop Boundaries ......................................................................... 4-11 4.4 Lithologic Interpretation Approach........................................................................ 4-12 4.4.1 Algorithmic Lithologic Analyses............................................................... 4-12 4.4.1.1 Electric Logs................................................................................. 4-12 4.4.1.2 The Code....................................................................................... 4-13 4.4.1.3 The Algorithm............................................................................... 4-13 4.4.1.4 Quality Control ............................................................................. 4-15 4.4.2 Sand Thickness Mapping ........................................................................... 4-16 4.5 Depositional Systems Mapping Approach............................................................. 4-17 5. Yegua-Jackson Aquifer Structure, Lithology, and Depositional Systems.......................... 5-1 5.1 Stratigraphy .............................................................................................................. 5-1 5.1.1 Major Subdivisions....................................................................................... 5-1 5.1.2 Minor Subdivisions...................................................................................... 5-5 5.2 Structure ...................................................................................................................5-6 v TWDB Report ##: Structure of the Yegua-Jackson Aquifer of the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain 5.2.1 Comparison of Layer Boundary Outcrops and Formational Outcrops ....................................................................................................... 5-9 5.3 Lithology ................................................................................................................ 5-12 5.3.1 Upper Jackson Layer.................................................................................. 5-13 5.3.1.1 Outcrop Region............................................................................. 5-13 5.3.1.2 General Study Area....................................................................... 5-14 5.3.2 Lower Jackson Layer.................................................................................. 5-15 5.3.2.1 Outcrop Region............................................................................. 5-15 5.3.2.2 General Study Area....................................................................... 5-16 5.3.3 Upper Yegua Layer .................................................................................... 5-17 5.3.3.1 Outcrop Region............................................................................. 5-17 5.3.3.2 General Study Area....................................................................... 5-17 5.3.4 Lower Yegua Layer.................................................................................... 5-18 5.3.4.1 Outcrop Region............................................................................. 5-18 5.3.4.2 General Study Area....................................................................... 5-19 5.4 Depositional Systems ............................................................................................. 5-20 5.4.1 Lower Yegua Layer.................................................................................... 5-21 5.4.2 Upper Yegua Layer .................................................................................... 5-22 5.4.3 Lower Jackson Layer.................................................................................. 5-23 5.4.4 Upper Jackson Layer.................................................................................. 5-23 6. Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................... 6-1 7. Acknowledgements.............................................................................................................7-1 8. References........................................................................................................................... 8-1 List of Figures Figure 2-1. Yegua-Jackson structure development study area, and major structural elements along the Texas Gulf Coast. Areas of significant salt deposition taken from Galloway and others (1983). Transfer Faults from Huh and others (1996). Other features from Ewing (1991)..................... 2-10 Figure 2-2. Stratigraphic correlation basemap with cross section lines. .............................. 2-11 Figure 2-3. Generalized stratigraphic column for the Yegua-Jackson Aquifer (after Preston, 2006). ................................................................................................... 2-12 Figure 2-4. Chronostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, depositional episodes and depocenters, tectonic events, oceanographic and climatic events, and global sea level for the Oligocene and part of the Eocene for the Gulf Coast. ................................................................................................................. 2-13 Figure 2-5. Paleontologic markers and approximate ages for the Yegua-Jackson interval and adjacent formations. Markers and ages from Fang (2000), Harland and others (1990), and Galloway and others (1991)............................ 2-14 Figure 4-1. Faults for the Jackson Group, Southern Study Area. From Quick and others (1977) and Dodge and Posey (1981)....................................................... 4-19 vi TWDB Report ##: Structure of the Yegua-Jackson
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