Video over Ethernet in Broadcast applications
Jan Eveleens - CEO [email protected] Live Production as we know it Live Production infrastructures: the next wave !
today
Ethernet
3 Gbps
HD-SDI
SDI
Composite SDI
A central router Central reference with distribution Already quite some Ethernet Many cables, equipment often in big parallel bundles
4 AVB
5 Key issues with standard Ethernet
. Standard Ethernet cannot be used reliably for real-time video and audio transport because:
. Best-Effort Delivery Strategy . The data will arrive but no guarantee when
. Non-Deterministic behavior . Standard Ethernet is ‘random’
. Lack of Concept of Isochronous Delivery . In standard Ethernet there is no sense of time and/or timing
. Not Being Content-Aware . Standard Ethernet treats all data equally
What is AVB ?
. AVB = Audio Video Bridging
. A set of standards created by the IEEE
. From the charter of the IEEE AVB task group:
“specifications that will allow time-synchronized low latency streaming services through 802 networks”
7 The AVB key elements
Audio Video Bridging (AVB)
Time Synchronization Traffic Shaping
Bandwidth Reservation Configuration
8 Typical characteristics of an AVB network
. All nodes are fully synchronised to a (very stable) network clock . Allows very accurate recovery of media clocks . SDI can be recovered within broadcast quality jitter specifications . Audio clock can be recovered maintaining phase relation
. Low latency: typically 2ms overall network delay . Allows for complex/distributed networks (multiple hops)
. The network self-manages bandwidth reservation such that links will never get overcommitted and/or packets are dropped
. Uses multi-cast, so only one copy of each active source on any given link or backbone 9 How real is Ethernet AVB ?
. 100Mbps, 1Gbps,10Gbps, 40Gbps and 100 Gbps Ethernet AVB switches are shipping
. Several professional AVB audio products on the market from several vendors: . Audio processors, audio consoles, speakers, etc . Intercom systems
. First broadcast quality AVB video products have started shipping
. Compliance testing and certification process is up and running
10
ESPN in the USA is on-air with AVB audio !
“The audio infrastructure here is primarily AVB,” says Jonathan Pannaman, senior director of technology, ESPN. “We have a little MADI transport in parts, but even that will be converted to AVB at some point. The entire comms infrastructure is all AVB, from the [router] core to the panels.”
From: http://sportsvideo.org/main/blog/2014/06/espns-dc2-scales-avb-large/ 11 Current published versions of IEEE AVB related standards . IEEE 802.1BA-2011 - IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks--Audio Video Bridging (AVB) Systems.
. IEEE 802.1AS-2011 - IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Timing and Synchronization for Time-Sensitive Applications in Bridged Local Area Networks.
. IEEE 802.1Q-2011 - IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks--Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges and Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks.
. IEEE 1722-2011 - Layer 2 Transport Protocol Working Group for Time-Sensitive Streams
. IEEE 1722.1-2013 - IEEE Standard for Device Discovery, Connection Management, and Control Protocol for IEEE 1722(TM) Based Devices. 12 IEEE 1722 transport layer overview
IEEE 1722 specifies a wealth of formats that can be transported: . MIDI . IEC-61883 (IEEE 1394 / Firewire)
. Uncompressed audio (16/24/32 bit, sample rates upto 192 kHz, multi-channel) . Audio with meta-data (eg AES-3, allowing for Dolby-E transport) . SDI video (encapsulated) . RAW video (‘active picture’ only) . Clock Reference Streams (wordclock or H/V sync) . Time-Sensitive Control/Data Streams (eg transport of ANC data) . RFC (‘RTP’) compressed video streams . Vendor Specific (allows for custom/proprietary formats)
13 What is SMPTE 2022?
. The genesis of these standards was the Pro-MPEG Forum.
. These standards, then incubated in the Video Services Forum (VSF, www.vsf.org )
. And were formally standardized by SMPTE, all falling under the SMPTE 2022 multipart standard.
. Intended/designed for long-haul, back-haul and contribution application across WAN networks.
14 Short SMPTE 2022 standard recap
S2022-1: Forward Error Correction for Real-Time Video/Audio Transport Over IP Networks s2022-2: Unidirectional Transport of Constant Bit Rate MPEG-2 Transport Streams on IP Networks s2022-3: Unidirectional Transport of Variable Bit Rate MPEG-2 Transport Streams on IP Networks s2022-4: Unidirectional Transport of Non-Piecewise Constant Variable Bit Rate MPEG-2 Streams on IP Networks s2022-5: Forward Error Correction for High Bit Rate Media Transport Over IP Networks s2022-6: Transport of High Bit Rate Media Signals over IP Networks (HBRMT) . Uncompressed video over IP from 270 to 3Gb/s with FEC
S2022-7: Seamless Protection Switching of SMPTE ST 2022 IP
s2022-6 is seen by some as the next step for live production
15 Ethernet AVB vs SMPTE2022-6
Ethernet AVB SMPTE 2022-6 . Complete framework/solution for . Specifies only transport layer real-time, low-latency audio, video protocol and data transport . Includes (clock-)synchronisation . No (clock-)synchronisation . Includes bandwidth management/QoS . No bandwidth management/QoS
. Supports separate transport of . Video is transported as encapsulated video, audio and (ANC) data SDI, no solution for audio or ANC data (+ waste of bandwidth !)
. Allows for ‘any’ type of future video . Limited to (existing) SDI formats format
. Plug-and-play . IP addresses management (fiddling) 16 AVB and s2022 hand in hand
Production 1 Production 2 AVB Cloud NETWORK AVB Cloud Distribution
s2022 s2022
Production 4 AVB Cloud
s2022 Production 3 s2022 AVB Cloud 17 From AVB to s2022 and back
AVB AVB Public Telco S2022 AVB Synchronous Cloud TO S2022 Network with guaranteed TO AVB Synchronous Cloud BRIDGE bandwidth BRIDGE
(Bridges would include synchronisers)
18 A very important element: interoperability
Ensuring that AVB nodes talk to AVB nodes
AVnu Alliance
19 Who/what is AVnu Alliance . The AVnu Alliance is an industry forum dedicated to the advancement of professional-quality audio video by promoting the adoption of Audio Video Bridging (AVB).
. The organization creates compliance test procedures and certification processes that ensure interoperability of networked AVB devices.
. 4 key markets: . Professional Video and Audio . Automotive . Industrial . Consumer 20 Summarising the key benefits of Ethernet - AVB
. Based on existing and open standards from a very reputable and succesful standards body (IEEE) . Provides one framework for reliable, time-synchronised, real-time transport of video, audio and data . Proven technology that is available now: large professional AVB audio systems being deployed in the field . Interoperability is going to be taken care of: AVnu alliance . Plug-and play : no conflicts or fiddling with IP addresses, etc . Fool-proof: the network is self-managing, it does not rely on the skills of network engineers or a (proprietery) software management layer. . Perfect co-existence (and reserved bandwidth for) with standard IP traffic (eg. control, monitoring, etc) 21
Thank you