Overview on IP Audio Networking Andreas Hildebrand, RAVENNA Evangelist ALC Networx Gmbh, Munich Topics
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On Ttethernet for Integrated Fault-Tolerant Spacecraft Networks
On TTEthernet for Integrated Fault-Tolerant Spacecraft Networks Andrew Loveless∗ NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, 77058 There has recently been a push for adopting integrated modular avionics (IMA) princi- ples in designing spacecraft architectures. This consolidation of multiple vehicle functions to shared computing platforms can significantly reduce spacecraft cost, weight, and de- sign complexity. Ethernet technology is attractive for inclusion in more integrated avionic systems due to its high speed, flexibility, and the availability of inexpensive commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. Furthermore, Ethernet can be augmented with a variety of quality of service (QoS) enhancements that enable its use for transmitting critical data. TTEthernet introduces a decentralized clock synchronization paradigm enabling the use of time-triggered Ethernet messaging appropriate for hard real-time applications. TTEther- net can also provide two forms of event-driven communication, therefore accommodating the full spectrum of traffic criticality levels required in IMA architectures. This paper explores the application of TTEthernet technology to future IMA spacecraft architectures as part of the Avionics and Software (A&S) project chartered by NASA's Advanced Ex- ploration Systems (AES) program. Nomenclature A&S = Avionics and Software Project AA2 = Ascent Abort 2 AES = Advanced Exploration Systems Program ANTARES = Advanced NASA Technology Architecture for Exploration Studies API = Application Program Interface ARM = Asteroid Redirect Mission -
Designing with Dante and AES67 / SMPTE ST 2110
Designing with Dante and AES67 / SMPTE ST 2110 AES-NY, AVoIP Pavillion October 16-19, 2019 Patrick Killianey Audinate, Senior Technical Training Manager [email protected] Audinate 1 Objectives: Design Principles (and Why We Recommend Them) Clarify Common Misunderstandings About Dante (and PTPv2). Highlights of the Dante update with SMPTE ST 2110 support. Audinate 2 Prerequisites: Dante Domain Manager is a key part to Audinate’s ST 2110 solution. If you are not familiar with this product, watch this video to learn its role and core functions. In Depth Tour of Dante Domain Manager https://youtu.be/xCY3JNpCu_k Audinate 3 History: Audio Networks SoLutions and Open Standards Audinate 4 History: 10Mbit 1996 (1) CD-ROM (44) 3¼” Floppy Disks https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office_97 Audinate 5 History: Network Innovation 10Mbit 100Mbit 1996 1998 2001 Star, 32x32 Daisy Chain, 64x64 5⅓msec ⅙msec QoS PTP Quality of Service Precision Time Protocol (Prioritization of Time Sensitive Data) (Network Synchronization) ZeroConfig IGMP Snooping Automatic Peer-to-Peer Configuration Internet Group Management Protocol (No need for Static or DHCP config) (Reduces Impact of Multicast Distribution) Audinate 6 History: Network Innovation 10Mbit 100Mbit ≥1Gbit 1996 1998 2001 2006 2013 2015 Star, 32x32 Daisy Chain, 64x64 Star 5⅓msec ⅙msec 512x512 @ ¼msec Best Practices for Audio Networks AES AESTD1003V1 - June 6, 2009 http://www.aes.org/technical/documents/AESTD1003V1.pdf “Audio networking systems are characterized In practice, there are several issues for by the transport of uncompressed audio in compatibility between formats that should PCM format, which in principle could be be addressed and solved with specific reformatted as requested. -
Ethernet.Pdf
ETHERNET 1 ETHERNET CABLES CAT 5e CABLE: AUDIOLAN 01101 0010 11001 MOBILE AUDIOLAN4P Product advantages • High flexibility • Black outer jacket • Easy to wind • Available in cords – ON AIR PRO range 1 4 2 Applications 3 l Transport of Ethernet, EtherSound. CobraNet, Dante… signals l Audio and video links over twisted pair 5 l Ideal for mobile applications 1. Composition of core: Flexible bare copper Suitable plugs AWG : 26 2. Conductor insulation: Cellular polyethylene Color coding of pairs: According to EIA / TIA standards: Pair 1: blue / white – blue Pair 2: orange / white – orange Pair 3: green / white – green Pair 4: brown / white – brown 3. Drain wire: Multi-strand tin-plated copper Shielding RJ45 Plug: Neutrik Ethercon – NE8MC 4. Shielding: Aluminium foil MMC RJP8BLMER1 5. Outer jacket: black PVC - ø 5.90 mm Electrical characteristics Mecanical characteristics l Resistance of conductors: 132 Ohm / km l Operating temperature: - 20°C + 70°C l Insulation resistance: 5000 MOhm km l Bend radius : 30 mm l Impedance (1 to 100 mhz) : 100 Ohm +/- 15 l Attenuations: Frequency MHz Nominal attenuation dB / 100 m Applying regulation data 1 3.00 l Conform to EN 50575: 2014 + A1 : 2016 10 9.80 100 33.00 l Return Loss (dB) : cat 5E/EIA-TIA 568 B.2 Frequency MHz Return loss dB 1 - 10 >20 + 5 log.(F) 10 - 20 > 25 20 - 100 > 25 -8.6 log. (F/20) Test results by AUVITRAN for the Ethersound links Part nb Type Error-free tested length Practical length AUDIOLAN F / UTP 85 m 75 m Part nb Nb of pairs AWG Jacket Outer Ø Weight Packaging AUDIOLAN 4 26 Black PVC 5.90 mm 40 kg / km Custom length 1 ETHERNET CABLES CAT 5e CABLE: GIGA AUDIO 01101 0010 11001 IN/OUT Product advantages GIGAAUDIO • Transmission over long distances • Effective protection against electromagnetic interference thanks to double shielding • Resistance to UV and weather conditions 1 4 2 Applications 3 l Transport of Ethernet, EtherSound. -
Study of the Time Triggered Ethernet Dataflow
Institutionen f¨ordatavetenskap Department of Computer and Information Science Final thesis Study of the Time Triggered Ethernet Dataflow by Niclas Rosenvik LIU-IDA/LITH-EX-G{15/011|SE 2015-07-08 Linköpings universitet Linköpings universitet SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden 581 83 Linköping Link¨opingsuniversitet Institutionen f¨ordatavetenskap Final thesis Study of the Time Triggered Ethernet Dataflow by Niclas Rosenvik LIU-IDA/LITH-EX-G{15/011|SE 2015-07-08 Supervisor: Unmesh Bordoloi Examiner: Petru Eles Abstract In recent years Ethernet has caught the attention of the real-time commu- nity. The main reason for this is that it has a high data troughput, 10Mbit/s and higher, and good EMI characteristics. As a protocol that might be used in real-time environments such as control systems for cars etc, it seems to fulfil the requirements. TTEthernet is a TDMA extension to normal Eth- ernet, designed to meet the hard deadlines required by real-time networks. This thesis describes how TTEthernet handles frames and the mathemat- ical formulas to calculate shuffle delay of frames in such a network. Open problems related to TTEthernet are also discussed. iii Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Ethernet 2 2.1 Switching . 2 2.2 Ethernet frame format . 3 2.3 The need for TTEthernet . 4 3 TTEthernet 6 3.1 TTEthernet spec . 6 3.1.1 Protocol control frames . 6 3.1.2 Time-triggered frames . 7 3.1.3 Rate constrained frames . 9 3.1.4 Best effort frames . 10 3.2 Integration Algorithms . 10 3.2.1 Shuffling . 10 3.2.2 Preemption . -
Emerging Technology Trends Report Dante Q-LAN EBU N/ACIP
Emerging Technology Trends Report AES Technical Committee on Network Audio Systems November 2011 Editor, Tim Shuttleworth; [email protected] This document is a compilation of contributions from numerous members of the Technical Committee on Networked Audio Systems. The committee has identified the following important topics related to emerging audio networking technologies. Technologies which have emerged since the last published Emerging Trends Report from the committee in 2007 are included. To provide structure to the report items are discussed in order of their maturity; commercialized technologies implemented in products available for purchase being discussed first and embryonic concepts in early development come up last. Other categorizations referred to in this document are consumer market orientation versus professional market focus, as well as media transport methods versus command and control protocols. Dante Dante is a media networking solution developed by Audinate. In addition to providing basic synchronization and transport protocols Dante provides simple plug and play operation, PC sound card interfacing via software or hardware, glitch free redundancy, support for AVB and support for routed IP networks. The first Dante product arrived in 2008 via a firmware upgrade for the Dolby Lake Processor and since then many professional audio and broadcast manufacturers have adopted Dante. From the beginning Dante implementations have been fully IP based, using the IEEE 1588-2002 standard for synchronization, UDP/IP for audio transport and are designed to exploit standard gigabit Ethernet switches and VoIP-style QoS technology (e.g. Diffserv). Dante is evolving with new networking standards. Audinate has produced versions of Dante that use the new Ethernet Audio Video Bridging (AVB) protocols, including IEEE 802.1AS for synchronization and RTP transport protocols. -
Generating Synthetic Voip Traffic for Analyzing Redundant Openbsd
UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Department of Informatics Generating Synthetic VoIP Traffic for Analyzing Redundant OpenBSD-Firewalls Master Thesis Maurice David Woernhard May 23, 2006 Generating Synthetic VoIP Traffic for Analyzing Redundant OpenBSD-Firewalls Maurice David Woernhard May 23, 2006 Abstract Voice over IP, short VoIP, is among the fastest growing broadband technologies in the private and commercial sector. Compared to the Plain Old Telephone System (POTS), Internet telephony has reduced availability, measured in uptime guarantees per a given time period. This thesis makes a contribution towards proper quantitative statements about network availability when using two redun- dant, state synchronized computers, acting as firewalls between the Internet (WAN) and the local area network (LAN). First, methods for generating adequate VoIP traffic volumes for loading a Gigabit Ethernet link are examined, with the goal of using a minimal set of hardware, namely one regular desktop computer. pktgen, the Linux kernel UDP packet generator, was chosen for generating synthetic/artificial traffic, reflecting the common VoIP packet characteristics packet size, changing sender and receiver address, as well as typical UDP-port usage. pktgen’s three main parameters influencing the generation rate are fixed inter-packet delay, packet size and total packet count. It was sought to relate these to more user-friendly val- ues of amount of simultaneous calls, voice codec employed and call duration. The proposed method fails to model VoIP traffic accurately, mostly due to the cur- rently unstable nature of pktgen. However, it is suited for generating enough packets for testing the firewalls. Second, the traffic forwarding limit and failover behavior of the redun- dant, state-synchronized firewalls was examined. -
Media Gateways NX4600 Media Gateway
datasheet Media Gateways NX4600 Media Gateway The NX4600 is Nevion’s latest generation media transport and compression platform, Applications offering simultaneous H.264/AVC encoding • Professional broadcast contribution and decoding in a compact 1RU form factor. • Outside broadcast live sports & event contribution • Studio-to-studio media exchange The NX4600 is an H.264/AVC encoder, decoder and TS media gateway all built into one. • Managed media services over ASI or IP Up to four baseband SDI video signals can be Key features encoded using H.264/AVC or MPEG-2 compression • Multi-channel H.264/AVC encoder and/or decoder and transported over ASI and IP. The possibility and/or TS gateway with IP & ASI interfaces to combine encoding, decoding and TS over IP • Combine up to 4 channels of encoding and/or transport in the same unit increases flexibility in decoding in the same 1RU unit deployment of new services and gives a very • Software license approach ensures easy and tight and compact offering for outside broadcast future-proof upgrade path production applications (sports, news and other live events) and managed media services. • Best in class video quality with 4:2:2 10-bit H.264/ AVC compression up to 80 Mbit/s The Media Gateway includes Nevion’s trademark • 16-channel audio compression or pass-through advanced protection mechanisms that enable real- with full audio routing matrix built-in time transport of professional media over IP networks with extremely high availability. The NX4600 offers • Built-in TS monitoring (ETSI TR 101 290 Priority 1) of built-in aggregation of TS over IP streams on one or encoder output and decoder input, with option for multiple GbE ports. -
Diffserv -- the Scalable End-To-End Qos Model
WHITE PAPER DIFFSERV—THE SCALABLE END-TO-END QUALITY OF SERVICE MODEL Last Updated: August 2005 The Internet is changing every aspect of our lives—business, entertainment, education, and more. Businesses use the Internet and Web-related technologies to establish Intranets and Extranets that help streamline business processes and develop new business models. Behind all this success is the underlying fabric of the Internet: the Internet Protocol (IP). IP was designed to provide best-effort service for delivery of data packets and to run across virtually any network transmission media and system platform. The increasing popularity of IP has shifted the paradigm from “IP over everything,” to “everything over IP.” In order to manage the multitude of applications such as streaming video, Voice over IP (VoIP), e-commerce, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), and others, a network requires Quality of Service (QoS) in addition to best-effort service. Different applications have varying needs for delay, delay variation (jitter), bandwidth, packet loss, and availability. These parameters form the basis of QoS. The IP network should be designed to provide the requisite QoS to applications. For example, VoIP requires very low jitter, a one-way delay in the order of 150 milliseconds and guaranteed bandwidth in the range of 8Kbps -> 64Kbps, dependent on the codec used. In another example, a file transfer application, based on ftp, does not suffer from jitter, while packet loss will be highly detrimental to the throughput. To facilitate true end-to-end QoS on an IP-network, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has defined two models: Integrated Services (IntServ) and Differentiated Services (DiffServ). -
Autoqos for Voice Over IP (Voip)
WHITE PAPER AUTOQoS FOR VOICE OVER IP Last Updated: September 2008 Customer networks exist to service application requirements and end users efficiently. The tremendous growth of the Internet and corporate intranets, the wide variety of new bandwidth-hungry applications, and convergence of data, voice, and video traffic over consolidated IP infrastructures has had a major impact on the ability of networks to provide predictable, measurable, and guaranteed services to these applications. Achieving the required Quality of Service (QoS) through the proper management of network delays, bandwidth requirements, and packet loss parameters, while maintaining simplicity, scalability, and manageability of the network is the fundamental solution to running an infrastructure that serves business applications end-to-end. Cisco IOS ® Software offers a portfolio of QoS features that enable customer networks to address voice, video, and data application requirements, and are extensively deployed by numerous Enterprises and Service Provider networks today. Cisco AutoQoS dramatically simplifies QoS deployment by automating Cisco IOS QoS features for voice traffic in a consistent manner and leveraging the advanced functionality and intelligence of Cisco IOS Software. Figure 1 illustrates how Cisco AutoQoS provides the user a simple, intelligent Command Line Interface (CLI) for enabling campus LAN and WAN QoS for Voice over IP (VoIP) on Cisco switches and routers. The network administrator does not need to possess extensive knowledge of the underlying network -
AES67-101: the Basics of AES67
AES67-101: The Basics of AES67 Anthony P. Kuzub IP Audio Product Manager [email protected] www.Ward-Beck.Systems TorontoAES.org Vice-Chair Ward-Beck.Systems - Audio Domains PREAMPS.audio FILTERING.audio PATCHING.audio MUTING.audio DB25.audio VUMETERS.audio PANELS.audio MATRIXING.audio BUSSING.audio XLR.audio SUMMING.audio AMPLIFY.audio CONSOLES.audio GROUNDING.audio The least you SHOULD know about networking: The physical datalink networks transported sessions presented by the application TX RX DATA 7 - Application DATA PATCHING.audio AES67.audio MATRIXING.audio 2110-30.AES67.audio 6 - Presentation BUSSING.audio 5 - Session 4 - Transport ROUTING.audio IGMP.audio 3 - Network SWITCHING.audio CLOCKING.audio 2 - Data Link MULTICASTING.audio 1 - Physical RJ45.audio The Road to Incompatibility… Dante RAVENNA QLAN Livewire Control & Monitoring Proprietary HTTP, Ember+ TCP, HTTP HTTP, Proprietary Proprietary Proprietary Discovery Bonjour Proprietary Connection Proprietary RTSP, SIP, IGMP Proprietary Proprietary, HTTP, IGMP Management Session Description Proprietary SDP Proprietary Channel # Transport Proprietary, IPv4 RTP, IPv4 RTP, IPv4 RTP, IPv4 Quality of Service DiffServ DiffServ DiffServ DiffServ/802.1pq Encoding & Streaming L16-32, ≤4 ch/flow L16-32, ≤64 cha/str 32B-FP, ≤16 ch/str L24, st, surr Synchronization PTP1588-2002 PTP1588-2008 PTP1588-2008 Proprietary Media Clock 44.1kHz, 192kHz 44.1kHz – 384kHz 48kHz 48kHz AES67-2013 Standard for audio applications of networks: High-performance streaming audio-over-IP interoperability References -
Merging Technologies
Merging Technologies More than 25 years of independence www.merging.com For 3D audio - Audio IP - Monitoring Industries that (could) use 3D audio Cinema Gaming Broadcast (TV/Radio – Live) Opera / Theatre / Musicals VOD / streaming (Netflix etc ) Music production (live) Events / Museum / Exhibition Retail / Installations / shopping malls Medical industry Car industry Audio Immersive / 3D audio / OBA (object based audio) My studio needs to be flexible What infrastructure ? What applications ? What formats ? Ressources ? DAW 1 22.2 BINAURAL PROCESS OBA Creative for LIVE AURO 7.1 ATMOS STEREO 7.1.4 LIVE YOU and your RADIO TV CINEMA studio (s) EVENTS DAW 2 10.2 MIXING Panner DAW 1 22.2 BINAURAL PROCESS OBA Creative for LIVE AURO 7.1 ATMOS STEREO 7.1.4 LIVE YOU and your RADIO TV CINEMA studio (s) EVENTS DAW 2 AES 67 10.2 MIXING INTERCONNECTION Panner AES67 – open protocol • ST 2110 • RAVENNA • Dante AES67 • Multiple sample Rate • High track counts • Interoperability RAVENNA / AES67 Core Audio IO vs. ASIO IO Count & Linux RAVENNA CORE AUDIO IO COUNT RAVENNA ASIO IO COUNT • 128 I/O @ 1fs (44.1kHz / 48kHz) • 128 I/O @ 1fs (44.1kHz / 48kHz) • 128 I/O @ 2fs (88.2 kHz / 96kHz) • 64 I/O @ 2fs (88.2 kHz / 96kHz) • 128 I/O @ 4fs (176.4 kHz / 192 kHz) • 32 I/O @ 4fs (176.4 kHz / 192 kHz) • 16 I/O @ 8fs (352.8 kHz / 384 kHz) Note: The number of I/Os can be configured to less if the application does not support these numbers. Compatibility ANEMAN for MAC & Windows • 6x expansion slots for 8 channel Mic/Line AD boards or 8 channel DA boards - 8 channels -
XMOS for AVB Ethernet Based Networking for Audio/Video
Only a few years ago, computer networks were complex beasts tended by special acolytes and running on different standards. Today they have become commonplace in many homes and offices, simply plugged together using Ethernet technology. The same revolutionary change is coming for Audio/Video (AV) networking, as AVB (Audio XMOS for AVB: Video Bridging) products that run over the same network, Ethernet based networking begin to enter the market. for Audio/Video Putting together networks of AV equipment for professional and consumer use, or for use in How Ethernet Works vehicles, is about to become simpler while also Within Ethernet, data is transmitted between delivering better quality. No longer will devices (such as a computer and a printer) in specialist connectors and cables be needed to packets. Each packet carries one or more create a rats' nest of connectivity. Instead addresses for its destination. Like a postal packet traversing the postal system, the network has no Audio Video Bridging (AVB), a set of knowledge of what is in the packet, but uses the international standards, will make setting up address to pass the packet to the next point in the and managing networks almost as simple as network. just plugging together the different elements. In an Ethernet based network, each endpoint Sound and video sources will be mixed and (computer, storage element, printer etc.) is distributed to screens and speakers, with high identified by a unique address and has a single quality, low latency and tight synchronization. connection to the network, through an Ethernet Furthermore, the connectors and cables are switch.