Generating Synthetic Voip Traffic for Analyzing Redundant Openbsd
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On Ttethernet for Integrated Fault-Tolerant Spacecraft Networks
On TTEthernet for Integrated Fault-Tolerant Spacecraft Networks Andrew Loveless∗ NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, 77058 There has recently been a push for adopting integrated modular avionics (IMA) princi- ples in designing spacecraft architectures. This consolidation of multiple vehicle functions to shared computing platforms can significantly reduce spacecraft cost, weight, and de- sign complexity. Ethernet technology is attractive for inclusion in more integrated avionic systems due to its high speed, flexibility, and the availability of inexpensive commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. Furthermore, Ethernet can be augmented with a variety of quality of service (QoS) enhancements that enable its use for transmitting critical data. TTEthernet introduces a decentralized clock synchronization paradigm enabling the use of time-triggered Ethernet messaging appropriate for hard real-time applications. TTEther- net can also provide two forms of event-driven communication, therefore accommodating the full spectrum of traffic criticality levels required in IMA architectures. This paper explores the application of TTEthernet technology to future IMA spacecraft architectures as part of the Avionics and Software (A&S) project chartered by NASA's Advanced Ex- ploration Systems (AES) program. Nomenclature A&S = Avionics and Software Project AA2 = Ascent Abort 2 AES = Advanced Exploration Systems Program ANTARES = Advanced NASA Technology Architecture for Exploration Studies API = Application Program Interface ARM = Asteroid Redirect Mission -
Study of the Time Triggered Ethernet Dataflow
Institutionen f¨ordatavetenskap Department of Computer and Information Science Final thesis Study of the Time Triggered Ethernet Dataflow by Niclas Rosenvik LIU-IDA/LITH-EX-G{15/011|SE 2015-07-08 Linköpings universitet Linköpings universitet SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden 581 83 Linköping Link¨opingsuniversitet Institutionen f¨ordatavetenskap Final thesis Study of the Time Triggered Ethernet Dataflow by Niclas Rosenvik LIU-IDA/LITH-EX-G{15/011|SE 2015-07-08 Supervisor: Unmesh Bordoloi Examiner: Petru Eles Abstract In recent years Ethernet has caught the attention of the real-time commu- nity. The main reason for this is that it has a high data troughput, 10Mbit/s and higher, and good EMI characteristics. As a protocol that might be used in real-time environments such as control systems for cars etc, it seems to fulfil the requirements. TTEthernet is a TDMA extension to normal Eth- ernet, designed to meet the hard deadlines required by real-time networks. This thesis describes how TTEthernet handles frames and the mathemat- ical formulas to calculate shuffle delay of frames in such a network. Open problems related to TTEthernet are also discussed. iii Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Ethernet 2 2.1 Switching . 2 2.2 Ethernet frame format . 3 2.3 The need for TTEthernet . 4 3 TTEthernet 6 3.1 TTEthernet spec . 6 3.1.1 Protocol control frames . 6 3.1.2 Time-triggered frames . 7 3.1.3 Rate constrained frames . 9 3.1.4 Best effort frames . 10 3.2 Integration Algorithms . 10 3.2.1 Shuffling . 10 3.2.2 Preemption . -
Developments in Audio Networking Protocols By: Mel Lambert
TECHNICAL FOCUS: SOUND Copyright Lighting&Sound America November 2014 http://www.lightingandsoundamerica.com/LSA.html Developments in Audio Networking Protocols By: Mel Lambert It’s an enviable dream: the ability to prominent of these current offerings, ular protocol and the basis for connect any piece of audio equip- with an emphasis on their applicability Internet-based systems: IP, the ment to other system components within live sound environments. Internet protocol, handles the and seamlessly transfer digital materi- exchange of data between routers al in real time from one device to OSI layer-based model for using unique IP addresses that can another using the long-predicted con- AV networks hence select paths for network traffic; vergence between AV and IT. And To understand how AV networks while TCP ensures that the data is with recent developments in open work, it is worth briefly reviewing the transmitted reliably and without industry standards and plug-and-play OSI layer-based model, which divides errors. Popular Ethernet-based proto- operability available from several well- protocols into a number of smaller cols are covered by a series of IEEE advanced proprietary systems, that elements that accomplish a specific 802.3 standards running at a variety dream is fast becoming a reality. sub-task, and interact with one of data-transfer speeds and media, Beyond relaying digital-format signals another in specific, carefully defined including familiar CAT-5/6 copper and via conventional AES/EBU two-chan- ways. Layering allows the parts of a fiber-optic cables. nel and MADI-format multichannel protocol to be designed and tested All AV networking involves two pri- connections—which requires dedicat- more easily, simplifying each design mary roles: control, including configur- ed, wired links—system operators are stage. -
Overview on IP Audio Networking Andreas Hildebrand, RAVENNA Evangelist ALC Networx Gmbh, Munich Topics
Overview on IP Audio Networking Andreas Hildebrand, RAVENNA Evangelist ALC NetworX GmbH, Munich Topics: • Audio networking vs. OSI Layers • Overview on IP audio solutions • AES67 & RAVENNA • Real-world application examples • Brief introduction to SMPTE ST2110 • NMOS • Control protocols Overview on IP Audio Networking - A. Hildebrand # 1 Layer 2 Layer 1 AVB EtherSound Layer 3 Audio over IP Audio over Ethernet ACIP TCP unicast RAVENNA AES67 multicast RTP UDP X192 Media streaming Dante CobraNet Livewire Overview on IP Audio Networking - A. Hildebrand # 3 Layer 2 Layer 1 AVB Terminology oftenEtherSound Layer 3 Audio over IP • ambiguousAudio over Ethernet ACIP TCP unicast • usedRAVENNA in wrongAES67 context multicast RTP • marketingUDP -driven X192 Media streaming • creates confusion Dante CobraNet Livewire Overview on IP Audio Networking - A. Hildebrand # 4 Layer 2 Layer 1 AVB Terminology oftenEtherSound Layer 3 Audio over IP • ambiguousAudio over Ethernet ACIP TCP Audio over IP unicast • usedRAVENNA in wrongAES67 context multicast RTP • marketingUDP -driven X192 Media streaming • creates confusion Dante CobraNet Livewire Overview on IP Audio Networking - A. Hildebrand # 5 Layer 7 Application Application Application and Layer 6 Presentation protocol-based layers Presentation HTTP, FTP, SMNP, Layer 5 Session Session POP3, Telnet, TCP, Layer 4 Transport UDP, RTP Transport Layer 3 Network Internet Protocol (IP) Network Layer 2 Data Link Ethernet, PPP… Data Link Layer 1 Physical 10011101 Physical Overview on IP Audio Networking - A. Hildebrand # 10 Physical transmission Classification by OSI network layer: Layer 1 Systems Transmit Receive Layer 1 Physical 10011101 Physical Overview on IP Audio Networking - A. Hildebrand # 12 Physical transmission Layer 1 systems: • Examples: SuperMac (AES50), A-Net Pro16/64 (Aviom), Rocknet 300 (Riedel), Optocore (Optocore), MediorNet (Riedel) • Fully proprietary systems • Make use of layer 1 physical transport (e.g. -
Model 5421 Dante® Intercom Audio Engine
Model 5421 Dante® Intercom Audio Engine Key Features • 16-channel audio engine creates multiple • DDM support and AES67 compliant virtual party-line (PL) intercom circuits • PoE powered, Gigabit Ethernet interface • Dante audio-over-Ethernet technology • Configured using STcontroller application • Auto Mix for enhanced audio performance • Table-top, portable, or optional rack-mount • Supports Studio Technologies’ intercom installation beltpacks Overview The Model 5421 Dante® Intercom Audio Engine is a high- enclosure can be used stand-alone or mounted in one space performance, cost-effective, flexible solution for creating (1U) of a standard 19-inch rack enclosure with an optional party-line (PL) intercom circuits. It’s directly compatible rack-mount installation kit. To meet the latest interoper- with the Studio Technologies’ range of 1-, 2-, and 4-chan- ability standard the Model 5421’s Dante implementation nel Dante-enabled beltpacks and other interface-related meets the requirements of AES67 as well as supporting the products. The unit is suitable for use in fixed and mobile Dante Domain Manager (DDM) application. Using DDM, broadcast facilities, post-production studios, commercial compliance with ST 2110-30 may be possible. and educational theater environments, and entertainment The Model 5421 provides one 16-channel audio engine applications. which can be configured to provide from one to four “virtual” Only a Gigabit Ethernet network connection with Power- intercom circuits. The term “audio engine” was selected over-Ethernet (PoE) support is required for the Model to describe a set of audio input, processing, routing, and 5421 to provide a powerful resource in a variety of Dante output resources that can be configured to support spe- applications. -
Carrier Ethernet Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS Release 12.2SR
Carrier Ethernet Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS Release 12.2SR Americas Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA http://www.cisco.com Tel: 408 526-4000 800 553-NETS (6387) Fax: 408 527-0883 THE SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION REGARDING THE PRODUCTS IN THIS MANUAL ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. ALL STATEMENTS, INFORMATION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN THIS MANUAL ARE BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE BUT ARE PRESENTED WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. USERS MUST TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR APPLICATION OF ANY PRODUCTS. THE SOFTWARE LICENSE AND LIMITED WARRANTY FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PRODUCT ARE SET FORTH IN THE INFORMATION PACKET THAT SHIPPED WITH THE PRODUCT AND ARE INCORPORATED HEREIN BY THIS REFERENCE. IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO LOCATE THE SOFTWARE LICENSE OR LIMITED WARRANTY, CONTACT YOUR CISCO REPRESENTATIVE FOR A COPY. The Cisco implementation of TCP header compression is an adaptation of a program developed by the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) as part of UCB’s public domain version of the UNIX operating system. All rights reserved. Copyright © 1981, Regents of the University of California. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER WARRANTY HEREIN, ALL DOCUMENT FILES AND SOFTWARE OF THESE SUPPLIERS ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” WITH ALL FAULTS. CISCO AND THE ABOVE-NAMED SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE, OR TRADE PRACTICE. IN NO EVENT SHALL CISCO OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST PROFITS OR LOSS OR DAMAGE TO DATA ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS MANUAL, EVEN IF CISCO OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. -
Hasseb Audio Over Ethernet XLR Instructions Manual Version
September HASSEB AUDIO OVER ETHERNET XLR INSTRUCTIONS MANUAL 19, 2018 VERSION 1.0 HASSEB AUDIO OVER ETHERNET XLR hasseb Audio over Ethernet XLR is an easy to use and portable device used to send lossless, realtime microphone audio signal using Ethenet network. The device is compatible with AES67 standard and can be used as a standalone device or together with other AES67 compatible devices. Two 3-pin XLR audio connectors are used to connect microphones to Ethernet netowork. The device has two input channels with a high quality analog amplifier and A/D converter to digitize the analog microphone signals. In addition, the device has a 48 V phantom source for microphones requiring phantom power. The device is configured using a web user interface and mDNS (multicast Domain Name System) protocol is supported to easily find the device IP addresses from the network. For professional grade network audio systems PTP (Precision Time Protocol) based time synchronization is required. The device can act as IEEE1588 grand master to provide synchronization clock signal to the network. INSTALLATION The device can be powered through the Ethernet cable using a Power over Ethernet capable switch of through a micro USB connector with an external 5 V USB power supply. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) support is enabled by default, so the device will assign an IP address automatically. All hasseb Audio over Ethernet XLR devices and most other AES67 devices and their names and IP addresses connected to the network can be found using any software, capable of searching the network for mDNS supported devices. -
Carrier Ethernet Tutorial
Carrier . Ethernet Raj Jain Washington University in Saint Louis Saint Louis, MO 63130 [email protected] These slides and audio/video recordings of this class lecture are at: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-19/ Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-19/ ©2019 Raj Jain 6-1 Overview 1. Enterprise vs Carrier Ethernet 2. UNI vs Peer-to-Peer Signaling 3. Metro Ethernet 4. Ethernet Provider Bridge (PB) 5. Provider Backbone Network (PBB) 6. Connection Oriented Ethernet Note: Although these technologies were originally developed for carriers, they are now used inside multi-tenant data centers Washington(clouds) University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-19/ ©2019 Raj Jain 6-2 Enterprise vs. Carrier Ethernet Enterprise Carrier Distance: up to 2km Up to 100 km Scale: Few K MAC addresses Millions of MAC Addresses 4096 VLANs Millions of VLANs Q-in-Q Protection: Spanning tree Shortest Path Routing Path determined by spanning Traffic engineered path tree Simple service SLA Priority ⇒ Aggregate QoS Need per-flow QoS No performance/Error Need performance/BER monitoring (OAM) Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-19/ ©2019 Raj Jain 6-3 Carriers vs. Enterprise We need to exchange topology for Sorry, We can’t tell you optimal routing. anything about our internal network. Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-19/ ©2019 Raj Jain 6-4 Network Hierarchy Provider Provider Backbone Provider Customer Bridge Network Bridge Network Bridge Network Customer Network (PBN) (PBBN) (PBN) Network Backbone Provider Provider Core Core Core Bridge Bridge Bridge Customer Provider Provider Customer Edge Edge Backbone Edge Edge Bridge Bridge Provider Backbone Edge Provider Bridge Bridge Edge Edge Bridge Edge Bridge Bridge Bridge Washington University in St. -
Implementing Audio-Over-IP from an IT Manager's Perspective
Implementing Audio-over-IP from an IT Manager’s Perspective Presented by: A Partner IT managers increasingly expect AV systems to be integrated with enterprise data networks, but they may not be familiar with the specific requirements of audio-over-IP systems and common AV practices. Conversely, AV professionals may not be aware of the issues that concern IT managers or know how best to achieve their goals in this context. This white paper showcases lessons learned during implementations of AoIP networking on mixed-use IT infrastructures within individual buildings and across campuses. NETWORKS CONVERGE AS IT such as Cisco and Microsoft. AV experts MEETS AV do not need to become IT managers to As increasing numbers of audio-visual do their jobs, as audio networking relies systems are built on network technology, only on a subset of network capabilities, IT and AV departments are starting configurations, and issues. to learn how to work together. As AV experts come to grips with the terminology Similarly, IT managers are beginning and technology of audio-over-IP, IT to acquaint themselves with the issues specialists—gatekeepers of enterprise associated with the integration and networks—are beginning to appreciate implementation of one or more networked the benefits that AV media bring to their AV systems into enterprise-wide converged enterprises. networks. Once armed with a clear understanding of the goals and uses This shift means that the IT department of these systems, IT managers quickly of any reasonably sized enterprise— discover that audio networking can be commercial, educational, financial, easily integrated with the LANs for which governmental, or otherwise—is they are responsible. -
Marvell Carrier Ethernet 2.0 White Paper
WHITE PAPER Carrier Ethernet 2.0: A Chipmaker’s Perspective Tal Mizrahi Uri Safrai Marvell June 2015 ABSTRACT Over the past decade Ethernet has increasingly become a common and widely deployed technology in carrier networks. Carrier Ethernet 2.0 is a set of features and services that form the second generation of carrier networks, as defined by the Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF). This white paper presents a brief overview of CE 2.0, and provides a chipmaker’s perspective on CE 2.0, its main features, and its impact on network equipment silicon, with a focus on Marvell® Prestera®-DX devices. Introduction The Metro Ethernet Forum The Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) is an industry consortium, focused on the adoption of Carrier Ethernet networks and services. The forum is composed of service providers, carriers, network equipment vendors and other networking companies that share an interest in Metro Ethernet [9]. As opposed to other networking-related standard organizations, such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the IEEE 802.1 working group, that define networking protocols, the MEF is dedicated to defining how all the pieces of the puzzle fit together in Carrier Ethernet networks. The MEF defines network architectures, deployment scenarios and test suites. The MEF also defines the relationship and interaction between two main entities: -Subscriber—the organization purchasing the Carrier Ethernet service. -Service Provider—the organization providing the Carrier Ethernet service. The MEF has a certification program that provides conformity testing to the MEF specifications. What is Carrier Ethernet 2.0? CE 2.0 is the second generation of services and networks defined by the MEF. -
Carrier Ethernet Interconnect
Carrier Ethernet Interconnect MEF Reference Presentation November 2011 1 MEF Reference Presentations • Intention – These MEF reference presentations are intended to give general overviews of the MEF work and have been approved by the MEF Marketing Committee – Further details on the topic are to be found in related specifications, technical overviews, white papers in the MEF public site Information Center: http://metroethernetforum.org/InformationCenter Notice © The Metro Ethernet Forum 2011. Any reproduction of this document, or any portion thereof, shall contain the following statement: "Reproduced with permission of the Metro Ethernet Forum." No user of this document is authorized to modify any of the information contained herein. 2 Topics • Definition and Benefits • Carrier Ethernet Services • Carrier Ethernet Interconnect Review • MEF Carrier Ethernet Interconnect Program • Carrier Ethernet Expansion Continues End User Ethernet Virtual Connection (EVC) End User Subscriber Subscriber Site Site UNI Carrier Ethernet Service Provider ENNI Carrier Ethernet Service Provider UNI CE CE 3 4 MEF Carrier Ethernet Interconnect Interconnected, autonomous, Carrier Ethernet networks, locally, regionally, nationally, globally Enabling… – Standardized, streamlined delivery of MEF-certified Carrier Ethernet services over multiple, connected, Carrier Ethernet networks. – End-to-end support for all Carrier Ethernet attributes 5 Why Carrier Ethernet Interconnect? • Fulfills the goal of providing business with a seamless, local and worldwide business network -
Metro Ethernet Design Guide
Design and Implementation Guide Juniper Networks Metro Ethernet Design Guide August 2016 ii © 2016 Juniper Networks, Inc. Design and Implementation Guide Juniper Networks, Inc. 1133 Innovation Way Sunnyvale, California 94089 USA 408-745-2000 www.juniper.net Copyright © 2016, Juniper Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2016 Juniper Networks, Inc. iii Design and Implementation Guide Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 Using MPLS with Metro Ethernet ........................................................................................... 1 Metro Ethernet Solutions ......................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 2 Metro Ethernet Overview ......................................................................................... 3 Metro Ethernet Service Types ..................................................................................................... 5 Carrier Ethernet Overview........................................................................................................... 5 Carrier Ethernet Certification ................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 3 Architecture Overview .............................................................................................. 7 Juniper Networks Portfolio for Metro Ethernet Networks .........................................................