Index

Page numbers in italic denote figures. Page numbers in bold denote tables.

64 Degree West Fracture Zone 67 see also Central Atlantic Rift System; Equatorial Atlantic; NE Atlantic-Eurasia Basin; South Acarau sub-basin, half-graben 241 Atlantic Rift System Accommodation Block Ayerwaddy River delta deposits 43, 48, 58 Guyana-Suriname continental margin 147–148, Azores-Gibraltar Fracture Zone 82 149, 153 Azores-Gibraltar Transform 5 spreading 153–154, 165, 166, 168–169, 173 accretionary prism, Andaman Sea 41 Baffin Bay 65, 85, 86, 87, 348 Acoupa depression field 188, 189, 190, 192 Barents Sea 64, 66, 70, 74, 76 Aegir Ridge 72, 339, 340, 346–347, 352 Barents Shelf-NE Greenland separation 71, 72, Africa-Antarctica ocean 300, 306–308, 309–310 344–349 see also East African margin Barents-Kara Sea margin 68, 87 Aghulas Fault Zone 316, 317, 319, 320 Barreirinhas Basin Aghulas Fracture Zone 301, 317 anhydrite 237 Aghulas transform 5 flower structure 239, 243, 244 Alaska-Chukotka rotation 81 transpressional structures 237, 239–240, 241 Alcock Rise 39, 40, 41, 52, 55, 56 Barreirinhas Shelf 223, 225 Alpha Ridge 69, 75, 76, 78, 83, 348 Beattie magnetic anomaly 314, 317 Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge system 64, 65, 68, 69, Beira High 310 85, 86, 348, 352 Benue Fracture Zone 223 Amerasian Basin shear 75, 76, 89, 349 Bering Strait 64, 87 Amapa Platform 223 Big Lyakhovsky Island 75, 76 Amazon Fan 137, 141, 142, 181, 184, 214 Billefjorden Fault Zone 70, 71, 74, 345 Amerasia Basin 66, 68, 344, 345, 349 Bjørnøya Basin 65, 72, 74, 340, 346–347 transform 67, 69, 73, 75–77, 78 Boa Vista Graben 223, 224 Andaman Basin, spreading centre 40, 41, Bonacca Basin 282, 285 56–58 Boreas Basin 344 Andaman Islands, volcanic arc 53 Bouvet triple junction 308 Andaman ophiolites 53 Bragman’s Bluff Formation 277, 278 Andaman Sea Brazil Central Region 40,41 geophysical data 220, 223 crustal thickness 53–55 oils 226, 228, 230 deformation migration 56 Brazil-Guyana continent-ocean boundary, oils Eastern Region 40,43–52 223–224, 225, 229, 230 geological setting 40,41–43 Broken Ridge 96 Northern Region 40, 41, 43 Brookian Orogeny 81–82, 86 Palaeogene tectonics 52–53, 56, 57,58–59 Brooks Range 65, 79–80, 81, 83, 84, 86, 348 structural evolution 39–59 Western Region 40,41 Cacipore Graben 223 Andrew Bain Fracture Zone 306, 307, 315, 317 Caledonian Orogeny 65, 68, 70–71, 344 Angoche dykes 309–310 Cambay rifting 349 Anisin Basin 78 Canada Basin 64, 65, 66, 68–69, 76, 345, 348 Antarctica shear 73 Elan Bank microcontinent 113–116, 342–343 widening 81–82, 84, 349 India-Antarctica plate reconstruction models 113, windshield wiper model 69, 73, 345 116–117, 342–343 Cape Range Transform 5, 362 Antarctica-Africa ocean 300, 306–308, Cape Three Points Basin 230, 237, 239 309–310 carbonate platforms 6, 128, 131, 134, 136, 137, 285, 292 Apodi Graben 223, 224 Caribbean, geological setting 274–278 Arctic Large Igneous Province 69 Caribbean Arc see Great Arc of the Caribbean Arctic Ocean 63–90, 64 Caribbean Plate 273, 274 continent-ocean boundary 68, 78,81 motion 275–276 crustal types 64 tectonic evolution 280–293, 290, 291–292 opening, kinematic history 81–87, 89 Caribe Formation 276, 277 petroleum systems 63, 88–89, 90 Carlsberg Ridge 96, 351 shear margins 67–68, 70–81 Carnaubais Trend 223, 224 transform margins 66–90 Cassipore Basin 127, 131 Atlantic Ocean, spreading 81, 82,86 Castilla Formation 277, 278 378 INDEX

Cauvery Rift Zone 11, 12, 15, 18, 19, 119 crustal thickness 361–362, 364 Elan Bank release 101–102, 103, 107, 111, 112–113, crustal wounds, Elan Bank release mechanism 97–98 334, 337–338, 339–341 Cayman Trough 273, 274 Danakil Block 324, 341, 344 crust 281, 282, 283 Davie Fracture Zone 301, 308, 310, 312, 314, 316–317 geological setting 276 see also Original Davie Fracture Zone plate kinematics 290, 291–292 De Geer Line 67, 68, 89, 344 spreading 276, 280, 293 evolution 70–73, 74,88 Ceara´ Basin 223, 225 De Long Islands 75, 76 oils 226–227, 228, 230 Dead Sea Transform 77, 80 Ceara´-Potiguar/Ghana-Dahomey margin Deccan Trap basalts 306, 319, 330, 332, 333–334, segment 221, 222 351–352 Central Atlantic Magmatic Province 146 deformation Central Atlantic Rift System 1, 3 Andaman Sea 56 Guyana-Suriname case study 146–173 Honduran Borderlands/Nicaraguan Rise 282, Jurassic-Present 3 283–284, 285, 287, 292–293 linkage with South Atlantic Rift System 170–172 strike-slip, Ghana Ridge 251 rifting 4, 146, 169, 202 see also transpression; transtension southern terminus 145–146, 169, 171–173 Demerara Plateau 127, 128–129, 131, 147, 180, 181 strike-slip faults 164–165 basement ridges 187, 188, 194 Tithonian 4 bathymetry 183, 184, 189 Triassic-Jurassic boundary 2 continent-ocean boundary 184–185, 186–187, 192, triple junction 146 194, 195 Central Chortis Terrane 275, 276 continental slopes 183–185 Chagos-Laccadive Ridge 330 contourites 190–191, 193, 194 channel-levee complexes 28 eastern segment interpretation 165–166 Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone 5, 340 faults 187, 189 Chortis Block 273, 274 formation 180 crust 281, 292, 293 geological setting 148, 180–181 geological setting 274–275 gravimetric anomalies 149, 153, 183, 184, 186, 187 plate kinematics 290, 291–292 gravity slides 181, 184, 187–188, 191, 194, 195 transport 282 IGUANES data 181–183, 184 Chukchi Borderlands Transform 64, 66, 67, 69, 76, interpretation 183–195 78, 82, 84, 90, 348 late Albian unconformity 181, 183, 185, 186–187 Chukchi Plateau 78 mounds 189–190, 191 Chukchi Sea 64, 79, 81 NE segment interpretation 165 Chukotka block 71, 73, 75, 81, 83 passive-transform margin 180 Coco Marina Formation 276, 277 porewater geochemistry 192 Codo´ Formation 245, 246 post-Albian sedimentary basin 181, 182 Colon Mountains fold and thrust belt 275, 283 seafloor depressions 188–190, 194–195 Colville Trough 86 seismic data 154–155, 156–157, 158, 159, 182–184, Comorin Ridge 304, 306 185, 187 competing rift-zone model, Elan Bank release structure 180, 183–187 mechanism 97–98 western extensional margin 159 continent-ocean boundary break-up timing 160–161 Arctic Ocean 68, 78,81 seawards-dipping reflectors 154–155, 159 Brazil-Guyana 223 Demerara/Guinea margin segment 221, 222 French Guiana margin 139, 140 Denali Fault 78 Demerara Plateau 184–185, 186–187, 192, diamondoids 223, 227 194, 195 Diligent Fault 41 contourites, Demerara Plateau 190–191, 193, 194 Dirck Hartog Ridge 304, 306 convection, secondary 5 Dix Cove Ridge 222, 223, 230 Coromandal strike-slip fault zone 102, 105, 119, 338 Dronning Maud Land 307, 308 Coromandal Transform 5, 11–12, 20–23, 110, duplexes 12, 13 112, 341 strike-slip 327 crustal thickness variation 362 dykes Elan Bank fit 107, 108, 109, 111, 334 Central Atlantic triple junction 146 horse-tail structure 15, 18–19, 21–23, 341 Mwenzi triple junction 309 Coˆte d’Ivoire see Ivory Coast creep, lower crust 366, 367, 368 East African margin 300, 301, 317 Cretaceous ‘Quiet Zone’ 73, 300, 306, 314 seismic data 316–317 Crocker Land 71 East Andaman Basin 40, 42, 43, 46, 48–52, 58 crustal flow 8, 361–362 crustal types 50–52, 53, 54 see also lower crust, ductility depocentre 48, 49, 58 INDEX 379

faulting 48–50, 54–56, 57 evaporites seismic data 39, 46, 48, 49, 50–52, 55 Demerara Plateau 161 syn-rift history 48 Honduran continental margin 276 East Coast magnetic anomaly 2 Romanche Fracture Zone 237, 245 East Gondwana 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317 exhumation, mantle East Greenland Ridge 71, 72, 324, 340, 346–347, 348 Elan Bank 105, 109–110, 112, 115–116 release, multiple tectonic events 344–349, 352 French Guiana margin 136, 139–141 East Indian continental margin 11–12, 101, 102 extension release of Elan Bank 95–119, 334, 337–338, Andaman Sea 56 339–341 depth-dependent 5 reconstruction 107–117, 111, 334, 342–343 eastern Demerara margin 165 East Jan Mayen Fracture Zone 67, 340 Elan Bank 112–116, 337, 339–341 East Siberian Basin 78 Laptev Rift 77 East Siberian Sea 64,75 NE Atlantic 345, 346–347 East Tasman Plateau 323 extensional bridges 12, 13 Eastern Chortis Terrane 275, 276 extensional margins 1, 5, 165 Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt 95 see also Krishna-Godavari Rift Zone Eastern Margin, Andaman Sea 41 extensional oversteps 12 Eastern pull-apart terrain, Romanche Transform 250, 263, 266 Falkland Islands 314, 315, 316 Elan Bank microcontinent 95–119, 96–97, 300 Falklands Transform 5,8 boreholes 98 fault zones, influence on transforms 8 continental origin 95 faults crustal architecture 100–102, 105, 109–110 Andaman Sea 41, 42,43 model 98 Demerara Plateau 187, 189 gravity anomalies 95, 97, 98, 99–100, 104, 107 East Andaman Basin 43, 48–50 India-Antarctica plate reconstruction models Elan Bank 102–105, 118–119, 337, 338 116–117, 342–343 Guyana transform margin 162, 163–165, 167–168 mantle exhumation 105 Honduran Borderlands 282, 283–285 reconstruction 99, 107–117, 111, 334, 342–343 Mergui Basin 44–46 release from East India 95–97, 323, 334, 337–338, Nicaraguan Rise 285–286 339–341 Romanche Fracture Zone 241–243 competing rift-zone model 97–98, 118, 350, 352 in transform margins 19, 24–25, 25, 26, distal margin 103–105 29–30 oceanic domain 105–107 Fernando do Noronha Fracture Zone 223 plume-refocusing model 97, 117–118, 352 Fifa Well 243, 246 proto-oceanic domain 105 flower structures proximal margin deformation 102–103, Arctic Ocean 81, 88 104, 108 Elan Bank 99, 102 rifting 100–102 Romanche Fracture Zone 237, 239, 242, seismic profiles 98, 99, 100, 103, 104, 106 243, 244 marriage technique 98–99, 110, 112 South Sagaing Fault 49, 51 structural architecture of margins 108–109 folding, Romanche Fracture Zone 237–239, 242, tectonic timing 99, 105, 112–113 246–247 Ellesmere Island 87, 88 Foxtrot Field 229 Enderby Basin 96–97, 112 Foz do Amazonas, oils 227, 228 Enderby Ocean 304, 305–306, 319 Foz do Amazonas-Cacipore/Liberia margin Equatorial Atlantic segment 221, 222 asymmetry 219–220, 230 Fram Strait 64, 69, 87, 88 and petroleum systems 220–231, 221 French Guiana hyper-oblique margin 125–142, see also petroleum systems, Equatorial Atlantic 128–129, 130 geodynamics 126, 169 carbonate platform 128, 131, 134, 136, 137 gravity anomalies 363 deltaic system 131, 134, 138 isostatic uplift 166 geodynamics and geology 126–127 linkage of South and Central Atlantic 170–172, 173 gravity anomalies 129 margin segments 200–201, 221, 222, 328 onshore-offshore correlation 134, 136–137, 138 opening 130, 168, 170, 202, 237 planation surfaces 129, 131, 132, 133 reconstruction 29, 221, 222 sediments 127–142 Euler pole of rotation 67, 69, 73, 76 seismic data 127–128 Gondwana 300, 301, 306, 307, 310, 311, 314 stratigraphy 131 Eurasia Basin 64, 66, 68, 70, 76, 344, 345, 348 subsidence Laptev Rift System extension 77, 79 Cretaceous 133–134, 135, 140–141 opening 68, 87, 89, 348 Palaeogene and Miocene 134, 136, 142 Eurekan Fold Belt 65, 71, 72, 87, 345, 346, 348, 349 Plio-Pleistocene 134, 137, 142 380 INDEX

French Guiana hyper-oblique margin (Continued) Guyana Basin 148, 153 vertical movements Guyana transform margin 147, 161–163 Guiana Shield domain 128–131, 132, 140–142 normal faults 165 offshore domain 131–134, 142 strike-slip fault zones 163–164 wave-cut surfaces 132, 133, 135 see also Offshore Guyana Block Guyana-Suriname continental margin 147–148 Gakkel Ridge 68, 70 case study 146–173, 199–214 gas, Guyana-Suriname continental margin 206, geological setting 148, 202–204 207, 211 gravity anomalies 147–148, 149, 152, 153, 202 Ghana gravity glides 204–206, 208, 209 oil 227, 228 and hydrocarbon migration 209–211, 213 family assignments 227–231 hydrocarbon migration 199, 209–214 see also Ceara´-Potiguar/Ghana-Dahomey margin pathway control 212, 214 segment; Ivory Coast-Ghana margin; hydrocarbon show-distribution 206, 207, 211 Ghana Ridge 19, 250 interpretation 156–166 heat flow regimes 251–270 lithostratigraphy 150, 202, 203 maps 255, 256–258, 259 magnetic anomalies 149, 152, 153 transects 254–255, 259–268 sediments 148, 202, 203, 204 lateral flow 362 triple junction 146–173 strike-slip deformation 251 GUYAPLAC data 181, 183, 184, 186, 188 tectonic development 251, 252 Godavari Rift Zone see Krishna-Godavari Rift Zone H-blocks 102, 103, 105, 113, 115 Gondwana half-graben assembly 301 Acarau sub-basin 241 breakup and dispersal 299–320 Demerara Plateau 164 key events 318, 319–320 Krishna-Godavari rift zone 102 fragment reassembly 301–302, 303, 306, 310, 315 Mergui Basin 43, 44–45 rifting 301, 315 Hanna Transform 65, 67, 78,81 see also East Gondwana; West Gondwana Harstad Basin 72, 346 Gop Rift 332, 334, 351 Heard-McDonald Island 96–97 Gracias a Dios Formation 277, 278 heat flow, lateral 5, 362 gravity anomalies Romanche Transform 251, 253–270 Bouguer heating, at transform margins 25–27, 361 Elan Bank 95, 97, 98, 99–100, 104, 107 Hihon Well 243, 246 French Guiana margin 129 Honduran Borderlands 274 Guyana-Suriname case study 148, 149 basin evolution 288–289, 291 Honduran Borderlands/Nicaraguan Rise 278, basin modelling 279–280 280–282 crustal architecture 280–283 free-air, Guyana-Surinam case study 147, 149, 153 crustal structure 292 isostatic residual, Guyana-Suriname case study 149, deformation 282, 283–284, 287 152, 153 tectonic controls 292–293 gravity collapse, Andaman Sea 56 faulting 282, 283–285 gravity glides 6, 21, 26, 154, 156, 161 geological setting 276 Demerara Plateau 181, 184, 187–188 gravity and magnetic data 278, 279, 280–283 Guyana-Suriname continental margin 204–206, lithostratigraphy 276, 277 208, 209 petroleum system 293 and hydrocarbon migration 209–211, 213 plate kinematics 290, 291–292 margin type, and hydrocarbon migration 199, sedimentation 283, 284–285, 288–289, 291 201, 202 seismic and well data 279, 281 Great Arc of the Caribbean 273, 274, 275, structural style 283–285 282, 290 subduction 292 Greenland 87, 88 tectonic evolution 273–274 Greenland Fracture Zone 65, 74, 344 transtension 282, 292–293 Greenland-Barents Shelf separation 344–349 Honduras onshore Greenland-Faroes Ridge 339 geological setting 274–276 Guayape Fault 276, 282 lithostratigraphy 276, 277 Guiana Shield, vertical movements 128–131, 140–142 Hope Basin 65, 78,81 Guiana-Suriname transform margin Hornsund Fault 68 structure 183–187, 195 horse-tail structures 9, 10, 11, 12, 15 see also Demerara Plateau Arctic Ocean 88 Guinea Plateau 147 Coromandal Transform 18–19, 21–23, 341 Gulf of Martaban 40, 41, 43, 58 Guyana transform margin 163, 164, 165 Gulf of Suez-Red Sea rift system 11, 77, 80 Mergui Basin 46 Gunnerus Ridge 304, 306 Romanche Transform 17 INDEX 381

Seychelles microcontinent separation 323, 329–334, Karoo mantle plume 301, 309, 317, 319, 320 349, 350, 351, 353 Karoo rift and basin system 315, 317 horst and graben 43, 69 Kerala Transform Margin 329–330, 362 hotspots Kerguelen mantle plume 95, 105, 107, 117–118, 305, Kerguelen mantle plume 95, 105, 107, 117–118, 319, 320 305, 319, 320 Kerguelen Plateau 95, 96–97, 304, 306, 334 microcontinent release 351–352 Khatanga Shear 68, 77 Elan Bank 95, 97, 105, 107, 117–118 Khatanga-Bering Transform 65, 68, 78, 80, 81, Hovgaard Ridge 65, 71, 72, 74, 324, 340, 346–347, 348 82,89 release, multiple tectonic events 344–349, 352 Khatanga-Lomonosov Shear 77 hydrocarbon migration 27, 29 Khmer Basin 40, 42 Arctic Ocean 88–89 Knipovitch Ridge 70, 71, 72, 87, 88, 345, 347 and gravity glides 209–211, 213 Kobuk Fault 78 Guyana-Suriname continental margin 199, 209–214 Kolbeinsey Ridge 72, 339, 340, 341, 347, 352 pathway control 212, 214 Kolyma-Omolon terrane 75, 76 hydrocarbon potential, Romanche Fracture Zone 243, Konark Transfer Zone 101, 109 245, 246 Konkan transform margin 329–330, 362 hyper-oblique margins, French Guiana 125–142 Kori-Comorin Basin 332–333 Kori-Comorin Ridge 332–333 Iapetus Ocean closure 344 KQZ see Cretaceous ‘Quiet Zone’ Iceland hotspot 352 Krishna-Godavari rift zone 11–12, 15, 18, 19, 101 IGUANES cruise 181–183 Elan Bank release 100–101, 102, 103, 108, 119, data interpretation 183–195 334, 337–338, 339–341 India-Antarctic ocean reconstruction 300, 302, 304, reconstruction 107–117, 111, 334 305–306 Kugruk Fault 78 India-Antarctica plate reconstruction models 113, Kula Plate 348 116–117, 341 Kutch rifting 349 Indian Ocean evolution 300, 302, 304, 305 La Belle Cabresse depression field 188, 189, plate tectonic model 299–300 190, 192 Indian Plate Labrador Sea 85, 86, 348 coupling with western Myanmar 52–53, 56 Labrador Sea-Baffin Bay opening 87 northward motion 39, 56 Labuan Basin 96–97 see also East Indian continental margin, West Indian lacustrine oils, Equatorial Atlantic 220, 224–231 margin; India-Antarctica plate reconstruction Laptev Rift System 65, 76, 77, 79,87 models Laptev Sea 64, 75, 76,77 Indo-Burma Ranges 52–53, 56 Laxmi Basin 331–333, 334, 335–337 intra-basin high 14, 15, 16 Laxmi Ridge 330–331, 332–333, 334, 351–352 Inuitian Fold Belt 70–71, 344 Lebombo structure 309, 310, 315, 317 island arcs, Andaman Sea 41, 53 Limpopia 315, 320 Ivory Coast Limpopo dykes 309–310 oils 227, 228, 229–230 Lion Field 228, 229 see also Ivory Coast-Ghana margin; loading, basinal 5–6 Para-Maranha˜o/Ivory Coast margin segment Lomonosov Ridge 64, 66, 68, 73, 74, 75, 76, Ivory Coast pull-apart segment 326, 328 77, 348 Ivory Coast-Ghana margin 221, 222, 223 incompletely released microcontinent 324 comparison with Demerara Plateau 194, 195 release 87, 349 oil family assignments 227–231 multiple tectonic events 344–349, 352 reconstruction 180 Long Strait Basin 65, 78,81 Loppa High 74 Jamais-Gouˆte´ depression field 188, 189 lower crust Jan Mayen Fracture Zone 72, 340, 346 ductility 8, 362–373 see also East Jan Mayen Fracture Zone; thermal perturbation modelling 365–370 West Jan Mayen Fracture Zone rheology 365–367 Jan Mayen Microcontinent 72, 323, 338–339, 341, 344, viscosity 8, 367–373 346–347, 348, 352 Jawhar-Malshej Shear Zone 332 Mackenzie Delta, pole of rotation 65, 73, 76 Jubilee Field 125, 127, 180, 222, 227, 229 Madagascar continental block 300, 301, 305, 323 Judge Daly Fault 87 movement relative to Africa 310–312, 313 movement relative to India 312–314, 332 Kaltag Fault 78 Madagascar Rise 304 Kamanon Formation 276, 277 magmatism Kara Sea 64,66 Andaman Sea 52, 53 see also Barents-Kara Sea margin Arctic Ocean 71, 73, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87 382 INDEX magnetic anomalies Mohn’s Ridge 71, 72, 341, 345, 346–347 Guyana-Suriname case study 149, 152, 153 Moho Honduran Borderland/Nicaraguan Rise 278, Elan Bank 99, 100, 104, 105, 107 279, 280, 282 French Guiana margin 130, 139 Mahanadi rift zone 12, 101, 102, 108, 109, 117, 337, Morocco 339–340, 352 Cretaceous palaeogeography 7 Main Cape Formation 276, 277 Jurassic palaeogeography 6 Makarov-Podvodnikov Basin 64, 65, 66, 68–69, 75, transform system 6–7 76, 77, 79, 81, 345, 348 Morris Jessup Rise 65, 69–70, 72, 76, 346–347 opening 82–83, 85, 86, 88, 89, 349 Mosorro Ridge 223, 224 Maman di lo depression field 188, 189 Mosquitia Basin 282, 288, 289, 291 mantle exhumation Mosquitia Formation 276, 277 Elan Bank 105, 109–110, 112, 115–116 Motagua-Polochic-Cayman Trough strike-slip fault French Guiana 136, 139–141 system 275 mantle plume, Elan Bank release mechanism 97 plate kinematics 290, 291–292 marginal plateau 180 Mozambique Ridge 315, 317, 320 see also Demerara Plateau Mumbai margin 330 marginal ridges 15, 17, 19, 21, 180 Mwenzi triple junction 301, 309–310, 317 Coromandal Transform 19, 21–23 Demerara Plateau 187, 188, 194 Naga Hills ophiolites 53 Ivory Coast-Ghana margin 180, 194 Nagavali Shear Zone 108 margins see extensional margins; hyper-oblique margins; Namunagarh Grits 53 oblique margins; transform margins Nansen Basin 345 marine oils, Equatorial Atlantic 220, 224–231 Nansen-Gakkel Ridge 68, 71, 72, 77, 345, 346–347, Marion mantle plume 319, 320 348, 349 Maroni River 181 Nares Strait 65, 87, 90 Martinez Formation 277, 278 Narmada rifting 349 Mascarene Basin 314 Naturaliste Plateau 300 Mascarene fragments 300, 314 NE Atlantic-Eurasia Basin, opening 68, 87, 345, Matoutou depression field 188, 189, 190, 192 348–349 Maurice Ewing Bank 314, 315, 319, 320 New Siberian Basin 76, 78 Mendeleev Ridge 64, 65, 69, 76, 78, 348 New Siberian Islands 75, 76 see also Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge system Nicaraguan Rise 274 Mergui Basin 43–46 basin evolution 288–289, 291 deformation migration 56 basin modelling 279–280, 289 depocentres 43, 45 carbonate platform 285, 292 half-graben bounding faults 44–45 crustal architecture 280–283 seismic data 39, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47 crustal structure 292 strike-slip faults 45–46 deformation 285, 286, 287 syn-rift history 43–46, 47 tectonic controls 292–293 Mergui Fault 45 faulting 285–286 Mergui Ridge 40, 42, 45, 46, 47 geological setting 276, 278 microcontinent release 323–354 gravity and magnetic data 278, 279, 280–283 competing horsetail structures, Seychelles 323, lithostratigraphy 276, 277, 278 329–334, 349, 350, 351, 353 petroleum system 293 competing rift zones plate kinematics 290, 291–292 Elan Bank 334, 337–338, 339–341, 349, sedimentation 285–287, 288–289, 291 350, 352 seismic and well data 279, 281 Jan Mayen 338–339, 341, 344, 352, 353 structural style 285–287 competing wrench faults, Romanche Transform subduction 292 324–329, 349, 353 tectonic evolution 273–274 evolving transform margins 349 Nicobar Islands 40,41 hotspots 351–352 Nombre de Dios Range 276 multiple tectonic events 344–349, 351, North Atlantic Deep Water current 191, 352, 354 194, 195 strike-slip faulting 324, 326, 327–332, 353 North Brazil Current 181 microcontinents North Chukchi Basin 65, 78 Arctic Ocean 90 North Sumatra-Mergui Basin 39, 40,43–46 see also Danakil Block; East Greenland Ridge; East North Vizag Transfer Zone 101, 102, Tasman Plateau; Elan Bank microcontinent; 108, 109 Hovgaard Ridge; Jan Mayen Microcontinent; Northern Demerara Fault 5 Lomonosov Ridge; Madagascar continental block; Romanche Fracture Zone; Seychelles oblique margins 1, 39–59, 127–142 microcontinent; Wallaby and Zenith plateaus offsets 12, 13, 235 INDEX 383

Offshore Guyana Block 147–148 proto-Owen fracture zone 317 geological setting 148 Prydz Bay 304, 306 gravity anomalies 153 pull-apart basins 6, 12, 14 interpretation 166–168, 169 Arctic Ocean 88 magnetic anomalies 153 Cayman Trough 276 seismic data 151, 154 Coromandal Transform 15, 18–19, 21–23, 102, 105 separation from Central Atlantic 171, 172 detachments 14–15, 16 Okhotsk Plate 348 Romanche Transform 17, 237, 238, 324, 326, 328 oil, Guyana-Suriname continental margin 206, Punta Gorda Formation 276, 277 207, 211, 220, 224–231 Purus Arch 141, 142 see also hydrocarbon migration; hydrocarbon potential; petroleum systems Rajmahal Traps 117–118, 352 Okavango dyke swarm 309, 317 Red Sea spreading 11, 77, 80 Okhotsk-Chukotka Volcanic Belt 76 releasing bends 12, 13 ophiolites reservoir rocks Andaman Sea 41 distribution 27, 29–30 Indo-Burma-Andaman system 53 Romanche Fracture Zone 243, 246 Original Davie Fracture Zone 310, 311, 312, 317 Re´union mantle plume 306, 319, 330, 352 Orinoco fan 181, 184, 214 ridge jump Owen Fracture Zone 317 Aegir-Kolbeinsey ridges 339 Arctic Ocean 88 Pacific Plate 348 Elan Bank release 95, 97, 113, 114, 117 Pacou depression field 188, 189, 190, 192 Indian Ocean 12, 300, 314, 315 palaeolakes, Brazil margin 223 rifting 349 Palitana Ridge 332, 334 Elan Bank microcontinent 100–102 Pan-African Orogeny 25, 326, 349 release 97–98, 112–116, 334, 337–338, 339–341 Panikkar Ridge 331–332 French Guiana hyper-oblique margin 127–142 Panthere Field 229 Romanche Fracture Zone 235 Para-Maranha˜o 223, 225 rollback, Andaman Sea 55, 56 oils 227, 228, 229 Romanche Fracture Zone 221, 222, 223, 235–247, 236 Para-Maranha˜o/Ivory Coast margin segment 221, faults 241–243 222, 223 flower structures 239, 242, 243, 244 passive-margin development 53, 58, 88 folding 237–239, 242, 246–247 French Guiana margin 125, 139–140 geological history 237–239, 240 Pattani Basin 40, 42 hydrocarbon potential 243, 245, 246 Patuca Basin 282, 288–289, 291 reservoir 243, 246 Pennar-Palar segment, Elan Bank microcontinent source rocks 246 102, 105 microcontinent separation 323 Pernambuco Fault 5, 170 competing wrench faults 324–329 Pescada-Arabaiana-Ubarana trend 223, 224 crustal blocks 326–327 petroleum systems 27–30, 220 sediments 237 Arctic Ocean margins 63, 88–89, 90 thermal regime 250–270 Equatorial Atlantic 219–231 transpression 235–247, 236, 324 geochemical evaluation 220, 223–225 inversion 243 geophysical data 220–221 structures 239–243 lacustrine oils 220, 224–231 Romanche Transform 5, 8, 127, 250, 325 marine oils 224–231 fault activity 24–25, 324, 326, 327–329, 349 oil family assignments 224, 225–227, 228, 229 heat-flow 251, 253–270 techno-structural evaluation 220, 221–223 microcontinent separation, competing wrench faults WAT margin 222 324–329 Nicaraguan Rise 293 spreading 251, 259 Piauı´ Basin, transpressional structures 237 structural architecture 12, 17, 223, 324 plate tectonics thermophysical properties 251–254 India-Antarctica plate reconstruction models 116–117 rotation Palaeogene, Andaman Sea 52–53, 56, 57,58–59 Africa-Antarctica 307, 311–312 reconstruction, Honduran Borderlands and Alaska-Chukotka 81 Nicaraguan Rise 290, 291–292 Arctic Ocean 67, 69, 73, 75, 76,81–82 transform boundaries 66–67 Gondwana 302, 303, 304, 310, 311–312 plume-refocusing model, Elan Bank release India-Antarctica 304, 305, 306 mechanism 97 NW Caribbean plate boundary 282, 283–284, 291–292 Potiguar Basin 170, 223, 224, 225 oils 226–227, 228, 230 Sagaing Fault 40, 42, 43, 48–50, 52, 53, 57, 58 Potoco Formation 150, 155, 160, 203 St Donats, strike-slip fault structures 13 Praslin Island 334 St Paul Fracture Zone 221, 222, 223 384 INDEX

St Paul Transform 5, 126–127, 250 Southern Trans-Africa Shear System 316, 317 fault activity 24–25 Southwest Indian Ridge 306, 307, 308, 315, 317 spreading 251 Spitzbergen Central Basin 71, 74, 345 Saltpond Basin 239 Sri Lanka 300, 302, 306 Saltpond Field 227 Stappen High 65, 74 Salween River delta deposits 43, 48, 58 Strait of Mannar 304, 306 Sa˜o Joa˜o Field 246 stratigraphic traps 180 SE Indian Ocean Ridge 96–97 strike-slip duplexes 327 seafloordepressions,DemeraraPlateau188–190,194–195 strike-slip fault zones 9, 10,12 seal rocks, distribution 27 Central Atlantic Rift System 164–165 sediment East Andaman Basin 48–50, 54–56, 57 deposition 27, 30 Elan Bank microcontinent 102, 105, 107, 118–119 transport 27, 28,29 Ghana Ridge 251, 252 sedimentary basins, types 272 Guyana transform margin 163–164 sediments Mergui Basin 45–46 French Guiana hyper-oblique margin 127–142 NW Caribbean Plate boundary 274–276, 282, Guyana-Suriname margin 148 292, 293 Romanche Fracture Zone 237 structures 12, 13 seeps, WAT margin 222, 227, 229 vertical movement 12 Senegal, oils 227, 228 see also microcontinent release, strike-slip faulting Senja Fracture Zone 67, 74, 344 strike-slip margins see transform margins Senja-Hornsund Shear 67–68, 344, 349 structural traps 30 Severnaya Shear 68 subduction Severnyi Transfer 77 Andaman Sea 53 Sewell Rise 39, 40, 41, 42, 52, 54, 55, 56 rollback 55, 56 Seychelles microcontinent, separation 323, 329–334, Arctic Ocean 81, 83 349, 350, 351, 353 Honduran Borderlands 292 Shan Scarp Fault 43, 48 Sumatran Fault 41 shear margins 1, 66–67, 125 Sundaland, subduction 53 Arctic Ocean 67–68, 70–81 Suriname Barents Shelf/NE Greenland 344–349 oils 227, 228 French Guiana hyper-oblique margin 127–142 see also Guiana-Suriname transform margin; India-Madagascar rifting 332 Guyana-Suriname continental margin Senja-Hornsund Shear 344–349 Svalbardian Orogeny 71, 344–345 Siberian-Alaskan, shear geometries 77–81 Sverdrup Basin 65, 71, 76 see also transform margins SW Indian Ocean Ridge 96–97 shears Swan Island Fault System 274, 275, 276, 291 Guyana transform margin 164 T/R’, East Andaman Basin 49–50, 56–57 Taimyr Fold Belt 65, 348 Shyellet Traps 117–118, 352 Tangara depression field 188, 189, 190, 192 Siberian Shelf 73, 75, 76 Tano Ridge 222, 223 Siberian-Alaskan margin, shear geometries 77–81 Tano seeps 222, 227, 229 Siuna Terrane 274, 275 Tanzanian margin, seismic data 316–317 crust 281, 282 Tatou Fan system 127 plate kinematics 290, 291–292 Takutu Graben 127, 131, 148, 164 slope instability Tela Basin 282, 288–289, 291, 293 Demerara Plateau 181, 184, 187–188, 194, 195 Tethys Ocean 4 see also gravity glides Thetis Basin 65, 72, 346–347 Songkhla Basin 40, 42 Tintina Fault 78 Sørvestnaget Basin 71, 72, 74, 88, 345, 346–347, 349 transform margins source rocks Arctic Ocean 66–90 deposition 27 between neighbouring rift units 1, 5 kitchens 29, 30, 209, 212, 220 between two oceanic segments 5 Romanche Fracture Zone 246 dynamic development 1–8 South Andaman Fault 54 Ivory Coast-Ghana reconstruction 180 South Anyui Sea 73, 75, 81, 82, 84 kinematic development 8–12 South Anyui Suture 65, 73, 75, 76, 78, 81, 83,86 lower crustal ductility 361–373 South Atlantic Rift System and microcontinent release 349 linkage with Central Atlantic Rift System 170–172 petroleum systems 27–30 opening 170 structural architecture 12–25, 27, 28,29 South Chukchi Basin 78 thermal regime 25–27, 249–270 South Sagaing Fault 48–50, 51, 52, 53–54, 56 modelling 361, 365–370 Southern Chortis Terrane 275 uplift 361–362 Southern New Zealand, transform development 8 variability of 180, 194 INDEX 385 transpression 8 viscosity, lower crust 367–373 Andaman Sea 41 Vishnu Fracture Zone 307, 313, 314 Arctic Ocean 87, 88, 89 volcanic arc, Andaman Islands 53 Romanche Fracture Zone 235–247, 324, 329, 353 volcanism hydrocarbon potential 243, 245, 246 Arctic Ocean 70, 71, 72, 75, 88 inversion 243 Elan Bank 107, 117–118 structures 239–243 Vøring Basin 72, 340, 345, 346–347 transtension Coromandal strike-slip fault zone 102, 105, 110 Wallaby Plateau 324 Honduran Borderlands 282, 292–293 Wallaby-Zenith Transform 5,8 Romanche Fracture Zone 235 WAT margin see West African Transform margin Seychelles 353 Weddell Sea Formation 315 Tristan mantle plume 319, 320 ‘Wegener Fault’ 87, 88 Tromsø Basin 65, 72, 346–347 West African Transform margin 220, 221, 222, turbidites 223, 225 French Guiana margin 127, 135, 136 oil family assignments 227–231 Honduran Borderlands 285 transpressional structures 237 Turonian-Santonian Erosional Limit 222, 223 West Andaman Fault 41, 57–58 West Canoa Field 246 unconformities West Gondwana 301, 311, 312, 314, 315, 316, 317 East Andaman Basin 50 West Indian margin, Seychelles separation 329–334 Guyana-Suriname Basin 204 West Jan Mayen Fracture Zone 67, 338–339, 340 Nicaraguan Rise 285, 291 West Mergui Fault 45 underplating, magmatic 5, 41, 52 West Spitsbergen Orogeny 87 Ungava Fracture Zone 67 West Spitsbergen fold and thrust belt 71, 72, 74, unloading 5–6, 7 345, 346, 349 uplift Western pull-apart terrain 250, 263, 266, 269 at transform margins 89, 361–362 windshield wiper model, Canada Basin 69, 73, 345 flexural-isostatic 5, 7 Woodlark Basin, transform development 8 post-breakup 5, 166 Wrangel Island 65, 78, 79–81, 84, 86, 348 thermal expansion 7–8 Wrangel-Herald Arch 67, 78, 81, 86 transpression 8 wrench faults 328, 329, 349, 350 Urals 81, 348 Ust-Lena Rift 78 Yadana gas field 43 Yenisey-Khatanga Trough 65, 77, 81, 87, 90 Valle de Angeles Formation 276, 277 Yermak Plateau 65, 69–70, 72, 74, 76, 340, 346–347 Verkhoyansk Fold Belt 65, 75, 76, 348 Yojoa Group 276, 277 vertical movement, strike-slip regime 12 Vestbakken Volcanic Province 71, 72, 74, 88, 345, Zenith Plateau 324 347, 349 see also Wallaby-Zenith Transform