Utrecht Chronicle of the Teutonic Order : Manuscripts, Sources, and Authorship Issue Date: 2017-01-25
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The Archaeology of the Prussian Crusade
Downloaded by [University of Wisconsin - Madison] at 05:00 18 January 2017 THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE PRUSSIAN CRUSADE The Archaeology of the Prussian Crusade explores the archaeology and material culture of the Crusade against the Prussian tribes in the thirteenth century, and the subsequent society created by the Teutonic Order that lasted into the six- teenth century. It provides the first synthesis of the material culture of a unique crusading society created in the south-eastern Baltic region over the course of the thirteenth century. It encompasses the full range of archaeological data, from standing buildings through to artefacts and ecofacts, integrated with writ- ten and artistic sources. The work is sub-divided into broadly chronological themes, beginning with a historical outline, exploring the settlements, castles, towns and landscapes of the Teutonic Order’s theocratic state and concluding with the role of the reconstructed and ruined monuments of medieval Prussia in the modern world in the context of modern Polish culture. This is the first work on the archaeology of medieval Prussia in any lan- guage, and is intended as a comprehensive introduction to a period and area of growing interest. This book represents an important contribution to promot- ing international awareness of the cultural heritage of the Baltic region, which has been rapidly increasing over the last few decades. Aleksander Pluskowski is a lecturer in Medieval Archaeology at the University of Reading. Downloaded by [University of Wisconsin - Madison] at 05:00 -
The Teutonic Order and the Baltic Crusades
Western Oregon University Digital Commons@WOU Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History) Department of History 6-10-2019 The eutT onic Order and the Baltic Crusades Alex Eidler Western Oregon University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/his Part of the European History Commons, Medieval History Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Eidler, Alex, "The eT utonic Order and the Baltic Crusades" (2019). Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History). 273. https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/his/273 This Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at Digital Commons@WOU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History) by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@WOU. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. The Teutonic Order and the Baltic Crusades By Alex Eidler Senior Seminar: Hst 499 Professor David Doellinger Western Oregon University June 5, 2019 Readers Professor Elizabeth Swedo Professor David Doellinger Copyright © Alex Eidler, 2019 Eidler 1 Introduction When people think of Crusades, they often think of the wars in the Holy Lands rather than regions inside of Europe, which many believe to have already been Christian. The Baltic Crusades began during the Second Crusade (1147-1149) but continued well into the fifteenth century. Unlike the crusades in the Holy Lands which were initiated to retake holy cities and pilgrimage sites, the Baltic crusades were implemented by the German archbishoprics of Bremen and Magdeburg to combat pagan tribes in the Baltic region which included Estonia, Prussia, Lithuania, and Latvia.1 The Teutonic Order, which arrived in the Baltic region in 1226, was successful in their smaller initial campaigns to combat raiders, as well as in their later crusades to conquer and convert pagan tribes. -
Urgent Safeguarding List Report ICH-11 – Form
Urgent Safeguarding List Report ICH-11 – Form REPORT ON THE STATUS OF AN ELEMENT INSCRIBED ON THE LIST OF INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE IN NEED OF URGENT SAFEGUARDING DEADLINE 15 DECEMBER 2017 FOR EXAMINATION IN 2018 Instructions for completing the report are available at: http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/forms A. COVER SHEET A.1. State Party Latvia A.2. Date of deposit of the instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession This information is available online at www.unesco.org/culture/ich. 14 January 2005 A.3. Element inscribed on the Urgent Safeguarding List that is the subject of this report For multinational elements, please indicate the other States concerned. Name of element: Suiti cultural space Inscribed in: 2009 A.4. Reporting period covered by this report Please indicate the period covered by this report. Beginning date: 1 October 2013 Ending date: 1 October 2017 A.5. Other elements inscribed on the Urgent Safeguarding List, if any Please list all other elements from your country inscribed on the Urgent Safeguarding List, together with the year of inscription; for multinational elements, please indicate the other States concerned. --- Instructions for completing the report are available at: http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/forms Form ICH-11-2017-EN - updated on 20/02/2017 – page 1 A.6. Executive summary of the report Please provide an executive summary of the report that will allow general readers to understand the current status of the element, any positive or negative impacts of inscription, the implementation of safeguarding measures during the reporting period and their possible update for the following years. -
Zeitschrift Für Die Geschichte Und Altertumskunde Ermlands, Band 46, 1991
Zeitschrift für die Geschichte und Altertumskunde Ermlands Band 46 1991 Zeitschrift für die Geschichte und Altertumskunde Ermlands Im Namen des Historischen Vereins ftir Ermland e. V. (Sitz Münster i. W.) herausgegeben vom Vorstand des Vereins Band46 1991 ZGAE = Zeitschrift für die Geschichte und Altertumskunde Ermlands Schriftleitung: Dr. Hans-Jürgen Karp unter Mitarbeit von Lic. theol. Barbara Wolf-Dahm Selbstverlag des Historischen Vereins für Ermland Ermlandweg 22, 4400 Münster i. W. Auslieferung für den Buchhandel durch den Verlag A. Fromm, Osnabrück 1991 ISSN 0342-3344 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Aufsätze WaldemarM o s ci c ki Der Westgiebel des Frauenburger Domes . 7 Szczyt zachodni katedry we Fromborku. 19 The West Gable ofthe Cathedral ofFrauenburg . 20 Andrzej Groth Frauenburg als ermländischer Seehafen im 17. und 18. Jahrhun- dert..................................................... 21 Fromborkjako warmiilski port morski w wiekach XVTI i XVill . 30 Frauenburgas a Wannian Sea-Port in the 17th and 18th Cen- turies . 30 Stefan Hartmann Quellen zur Geschichte der Stadt Bischofstein im 16. bis 18. Jahrhundert . 31 Zr6dla do historii Bisztynka w wiekach XVI-XVill . 59 Sources on the History ofthe Town ofBischofstein in the 16th to 18th Centuries . 60 Barbara Wolf-Dahm Katholische Diaspora an der Bernsteinküste des Samlandes . 61 Katolicka diaspora na Bursztynowym Wybrzezu Sambü. 81 Catholic Diaspora on the Amber Coast ofSamland . 81 Lieselatte K unig k-He 1b i ng Volkstumspolitik im südlichen Ermland während der Zwi schenkriegszeit . 83 Polityka narodowosciowa w poludniowej Warmii w okresie mi~dzywojennym . 97 Nationality Policy in Southern Warmia between the two World Wars.................................................... 98 Stefan Samerski DieKrisederHansa-BankAGinDanzig . 99 KryzysHansa-BankAGwGdailsku ......................... 114 The Crisis ofthe Hansa-Bank AG in Danzig . -
The Clash Between Pagans and Christians: the Baltic Crusades from 1147-1309
The Clash between Pagans and Christians: The Baltic Crusades from 1147-1309 Honors Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors research distinction in History in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Donald R. Shumaker The Ohio State University May 2014 Project Advisor: Professor Heather J. Tanner, Department of History 1 The Baltic Crusades started during the Second Crusade (1147-1149), but continued into the fifteenth century. Unlike the crusades in the Holy Lands, the Baltic Crusades were implemented in order to combat the pagan tribes in the Baltic. These crusades were generally conducted by German and Danish nobles (with occasional assistance from Sweden) instead of contingents from England and France. Although the Baltic Crusades occurred in many different countries and over several centuries, they occurred as a result of common root causes. For the purpose of this study, I will be focusing on the northern crusades between 1147 and 1309. In 1309 the Teutonic Order, the monastic order that led these crusades, moved their headquarters from Venice, where the Order focused on reclaiming the Holy Lands, to Marienberg, which was on the frontier of the Baltic Crusades. This signified a change in the importance of the Baltic Crusades and the motivations of the crusaders. The Baltic Crusades became the main theater of the Teutonic Order and local crusaders, and many of the causes for going on a crusade changed at this time due to this new focus. Prior to the year 1310 the Baltic Crusades occurred for several reasons. A changing knightly ethos combined with heightened religious zeal and the evolution of institutional and ideological changes in just warfare and forced conversions were crucial in the development of the Baltic Crusades. -
Ordines Militares Xxi the Status and the Position Of
ORDINES◆ MILITARES COLLOQUIA TORUNENSIA HISTORICA XXI Yearbook for the Study of the Military Orders 2 0 1 6 ISSN (print) 0867-2008 / ISSN (online) 2391-7512 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/OM.2016.002 pp. 21–41 S,-./. L.345 The Martin (Szusz) Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology Bar Ilan University Ramat-Gan =>?@@@> Israel [email protected] THE STATUS AND THE POSITION OF THE GERMAN STRUCTURE IN JERUSALEM IN THE 12 TH P13TH CENTURIES KEYWORDS Jerusalem; Germans; Pilgrimage; Teutonic Order; Crusaders; Friedrich II; Her- mann &on Salza ne of the interesting questions arising from study of Jerusalem during the Crusader period is the status and position of the German Structure in the southeastern part of the city. We have information regarding this Ostructure and its role, mainly during the golden age of the city in the [>th century, when it served as the capital of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, and pilgrims, nobles and Christian clergy flocked to it and described the German compound in their accounts. One of the unsolved problems of Crusader research is what hap- pened to the German structure after Jerusalem was conquered by the Ayyubids in [[^_, and especially during the [`th century, when the city briefly returned to Crusader control, between the years [>>?–[>gg. [ This article attempts to describe the phases of the German structure in the [>th century, as well as its status in the mid-[`th century until the end of the 1 For a general history of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, see: J. -
EST-LAT Transboundary Projects at Setomaa
16.01.2020 Buy Local (EST-LAT) EST-LAT transboundary Partners: Union of Seto Rural projects Municipalities and Ape municipality at Setomaa Aim: • Competitive business environment • Usage of local natural resources Helen Külvik, Setomaa Tourism • To improve tHe usage of local culture Heritage Budget 474 046 eur, in 2009-2011 1 2 Results: Seto-Suiti Renaissance (EST-LAT) • Wood process center in Ape • Investments to Obinitsa cultural centre Partners: Seto Institute and Suiti Cultural Space • Seminars, counseling Aim: to spread knowledge about tHe unique cultural areas and to integrate Heritage teacHing into tHe curricula of tHe local scHools • TecHnological improvement for value-added products • Book about Setomaa • Sustainable production • Digital database of publications featuring Setos or Setomaa • New active NGOs and companies: Seto Lammas and Seto Aiad • Materials for Heritage teacHing in local scHools • Cost-benefit analysis for natural resources underground and on • Joint summer camps for cHildren ground • Joint study trips • Seminars for teachers engaged in heritage teaching Budget 474 046 eur, in 2009-2011 Budget: 126 247 €, 2013-2014 3 4 1 16.01.2020 Active Age (Central Baltic Programme) Coop Local (EST-LAT) Partners: Union of Setomaa Rural Municipalities and Ape and Engure Partners: Setomaa Union and Ape and Smiltene municipality in Latvia municipality in Latvia Aim: Co-operation for small business in local food: Aim: • berries, apples, vegetables, dairy and meat products, handicraft • To bring 55+ year olds back to labor market -
A Comparison of the Medieval German Settlement of Prussia and Transylvania
Issue 4 2014 Sword, Cross, and Plow vs. Pickaxe and Coin: A Comparison of the Medieval German Settlement of Prussia and Transylvania GEORGE R. STEVENS CLEMSON UNIVERSITY The German medieval settlement of Eastern Europe known as the Ostsiedlung was carried out by Germans and the Teutonic Order in both Hungary and Transylvania, but with vastly different results. Of the regions settled during the Ostsiedlung, Transylvania offered colonists some of the strongest incentives to settle there; in addition to an agreeable climate and fertile soil, those who settled in Transylvania also stood to enjoy generous expansions of legal and economic freedoms far beyond the rights they held in their homelands. Yet the Ostsiedlung in Transylvania was arguably a failure compared to the success of the movement in Prussia. Much of this contrast can be explained by comparing the settlement process in each region, conducted largely by peaceful means in Transylvania but by the sword and cross in Prussia. Conquest and conversion supported by secular and ecclesiastical authorities allowed Germans to dominate Prussia and cement the primacy of German language and culture there. By contrast, peaceful settlement left Transylvania’s large indigenous populations intact and independent. This cultural plurality, along with the long journey required to reach Transylvania and inconsistent support for settlement there, ensured German settlers in Transylvania never became more than a minority population. The medieval settlement of Prussia and Transylvania, from here on referred to by its German name, Ostsiedlung, was carried out by Germans and the Teutonic Order in both regions, but to vastly different ends. The German settlement of Transylvania was mostly peaceful, with the majority of settlers being miners, merchants, and peasants. -
Saeima Ir Pieņēmusi Un Valsts
The Saeima1 has adopted and the President has proclaimed the following Law: Law On Administrative Territories and Populated Areas Chapter I General Provisions Section 1. Administrative Territory An administrative territory is a territorial divisional unit of Latvia, in which the local government performs administration within the competence thereof. Section 2. Populated Area A populated area is a territory inhabited by people, the material pre-conditions have been established for residence therein and to which the relevant status of populated area has been granted according to the procedures specified by regulatory enactments. Section 3. Scope of Application of this Law (1) The Law prescribes the conditions for the creation, registration, modification of boundaries and establishing of the administrative centre of administrative territories and the territorial divisional units of a municipality, and the definition of the status of a populated area, the procedures for registration thereof and the competence of institutions in these matters. (2) The activities of State administrative institutions in administrative territories shall be regulated by other regulatory enactments. Chapter II Administrative Territories Section 4. Administrative Territories The Republic of Latvia shall be divided into the following administrative territories: 1) regions; 2) cities; and, 3) municipalities. Section 5. Region (1) The territorially amalgamated administrative territories of local governments shall be included in a region. (2) The municipalities and cities to be included in a region, as well as the administrative centre of the region shall be determined by the Saeima. 1 The Parliament of the Republic of Latvia Translation © 2010 Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) (3) When creating or eliminating a region, establishing the administrative centre of a region, and modifying the boundaries of a region, the interests of the inhabitants of the State and local government, the Cabinet opinion and the decisions of interested local governments shall be evaluated. -
Jerusalem As Palimpsest the Architectural Footprint of the Crusaders in the Contemporary City
114 Verhoeven Chapter 5 Jerusalem as Palimpsest The Architectural Footprint of the Crusaders in the Contemporary City Mariëtte Verhoeven Latin Crusaders captured Jerusalem on 15 July 1099, after Pope Urban’s call at the end of 1095 for the First Crusade.1 Latin domination of Jerusalem lasted until 1187 when Sultan Saladin captured the city. Although Latin rule was re- established for short periods between 1229 and 1239, and between 1241 and 1244, it was in the twelfth century that the Crusaders executed an extensive building campaign that aimed at the redefinition of the city’s Christian topog- raphy. Crusader architecture is mostly viewed as an isolated phenomenon with distinguishing stylistic and formal characteristics. In the first studies of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Crusader architecture was typified by French scholars as French Romanesque but, later, Byzantine and local Eastern influences were also acknowledged.2 As is often the case in architectural his- tory, research into the Crusader period focuses on the reconstruction of the original shape of buildings and not on their afterlife and continuous transfor- mation. In descriptions of the buildings, later additions and transformations are omitted while the captions of photographs of buildings in their current form mention only the original building dates. In his study on Crusader Jerusa- lem, Adrian Boas remarks that ‘in appearance, the Old City of Jerusalem is still essentially a medieval city[…] with the exception of the Jewish Quarter, which has been largely rebuilt since 1967, the city is very much as it appeared nine hundred years ago and a visitor from the twelfth century would probably not 1 The generic term ‘Crusaders’ refers to a heterogeneous group of Christians from all over Latin Western Europe and from every level of society who participated in the Crusades. -
Urgent Safeguarding List Report ICH-11 – Form REPORT on THE
Urgent Safeguarding List Report ICH-11 – Form REPORT ON THE STATUS OF AN ELEMENT INSCRIBED ON THE LIST OF INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE IN NEED OF URGENT SAFEGUARDING DEADLINE – 15 DECEMBER 2013 FOR EXAMINATION IN 2014 Instructions for completing the report are available at: www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/forms. A. COVER SHEET A.1. State Party Latvia A.2. Date of deposit of the instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession This information is available online at www.unesco.org/culture/ich. 14.01.2005. A.3. Element inscribed on the Urgent Safeguarding List that is the subject of this report For multinational elements, please indicate the other States concerned. Name of element: Suiti cultural space Inscribed in: 2009 A.4. Reporting period covered by this report Please, indicate the period covered by this report. Beginning date: 01.10.2009. Ending date: 01.10.2013. A.5. Other elements inscribed on the Urgent Safeguarding List, if any Please list all other elements from your country inscribed on the Urgent Safeguarding List, together with the year of inscription; for multinational elements, please indicate the other States concerned. Not applicable. A.6. Executive summary of the report Please provide an executive summary of the report that will allow general readers to understand the current status of the element, any positive or negative impacts of inscription, and the implementation of safeguarding measures during the reporting period. Between 400 to 600 words Suiti cultural space is an aggregate of cultural traditions, which are of significance to Suiti and practiced in an area populated by the Suiti community. -
Utrecht Chronicle of the Teutonic Order : Manuscripts, Sources, and Authorship Issue Date: 2017-01-25
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/45782 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation Author: Stapel, Rombert Title: The late Fifteenth-Century Utrecht Chronicle of the Teutonic Order : manuscripts, sources, and authorship Issue Date: 2017-01-25 Bibliography Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, De situ et origine Pruthenorum, De Livonia, De bello Turcorum et Hungarorum. De officio et origine heraldorum (Cologne: Ther Hoernen Between 1471-1475) <http://nBn.urn.hu/N2L?urn:nBn:hu- 104505>. Aguilers, Raimond d’, Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem. J.H. Hill and L.L. Hill eds. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society 71 (Philadelphia: The American Philisophical Society 1968). Alkemade, C. van ed., Hollandse jaar-boeken of Rijm-kronijk van Melis Stoke. Behelsende de geschiedenissen des lands, onder de Princen van het eerste huis, tot den jare 1305... (Leiden: Du Vivie and Severinus 1699). ‘Ancienne Chronique des Grands-Maîtres: édition critique’, in: M. Olivier ed., M. Olivier, Une chronique de l’ordre Teu- tonique et ses usages à la fin du Moyen Âge: l’Ancienne Chronique des Grands-Maîtres et sa réception jusqu’au milieu du XVIe siècle (Paris: Université Paris XII Val de Marne 2009) I–LXXXVIII. ‘Anfänge der Deutschordens-GeschichtsschreiBung’, in: W. HuBatsch and U. Arnold eds., Scriptores Rerum Prussicarum. Die Geschichtsquellen der preussischen Vorzeit VI (Frankfurt am Main 1968) 22–34. ‘Annales LuBicenses’, in: J.M. LappenBerg ed., G.H. Pertz, Annales aevi Suevici. Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores 16 (Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung 1859) 411–429. ‘Annales Stadenses auctore AlBerto’, in: J.M. LappenBerg ed., G.H. Pertz, Annales aevi Suevici.