DOCSLIB.ORG

Maysvillian Stage of the Cincinnati Arch, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, U.S.A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Maysvillian Stage of the Cincinnati Arch, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, U.S.A Sequence Stratigraphy of the Late Ordovician (Katian), Maysvillian Stage of the Cincinnati Arch, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, U.S.A. A thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In the Department of Geology McMicken College of Arts and Sciences By Thomas J. Schramm B.S. State University of New York College at New Paltz S.U.N.Y. New Paltz 2009 Committee Chair: Carlton E. Brett, Ph.D. i Abstract: Richly fossiliferous strata of the Cincinnati area have a long history of study. An abundance of lithologic names have been applied to various shallow marine depositional facies across the Cincinnati Arch in Indiana, Kentucky and Ohio, U.S.A. The current study builds upon recent, high-resolution stratigraphic studies of the Edenian Stage, Kope Formation, and applies a similar approach to the Maysvillian Stage strata of the Cincinnati Arch. Strata of the Maysvillian Stage were deposited in shallower water conditions than the underlying Kope Fm., resulting in an increased localization of facies. Maysvillian Stage strata have previously been treated as a mosaic of local facies with little to no continuity or small-scale cyclicity; however, correlation of time-synchronous marker horizons and sequence stratigraphic units the Maysvillian Stage throughout the Cincinnati Arch demonstrates that this is not the case and suggests widespread, allocyclic controls on sedimentation. Based upon the documentation of widely traceable horizons the current study establishes a fourth order sequence stratigraphy for the Cincinnati Arch. As an independent test of lithologic-cycle correlation, the current study has utilized magnetic susceptibility in vertical successions, and attempts to quantify small scale cycles within the Maysvillian Stage. Magnetic susceptibility in combination with field observations has revealed previously overlooked unconformities, such as the basal Bellevue Mbr. unconformity, which oversteps the Miamitown Shale to the east of Cincinnati. In addition, intervals of relatively thick siltstone beds, commonly with soft-sediment deformation, are identified as an indicator of falling stage systems tracts, formed during forced regressions. In contrast, intervals of relatively compact skeletal pack and grainstones with evidence of condensation, such as hardgrounds indicate transgressive systems ii tracts. Using these criteria the current study provides a newly established fourth order sequence stratigraphic framework, and a reevaluation of third order depositional sequences on the Cincinnati Arch. Revisions include reinterpretation of key surfaces, some of which record flooding surfaces, previously identified as sequence boundaries, identification of previously unrecognized sequence boundaries, and replacement of “shazam” lines of imaginary facies transition by a more realistic framework of small-scale cycles. Empirical evidence of sea level variation within small-scale cycles, based upon sedimentary structures in shallow water facies, e.g., changes from mud-cracked strata to fully marine carbonate deposits, suggests sea-level change as the principal mechanism for small-scale cycle generation; widespread correlation of these cycles indicates an allocyclic forcing mechanism, probably eustasy. Differences in thickness of mudstone deposits between Cincinnatian units are attributed to tectonic and climatic changes occurring in the orogenic hinterland during the Late Ordovician, affecting the supply of fine-grained siliciclastics to offshore areas. Synthesizing sequence stratigraphy of the Cincinnati Arch with observation of coeval strata in New York, and the Southern Appalachians the current study also recognizes variations in the magnitude of base-level change to peripheral foreland bulge migration occurring during waning phases of the Taconic orogeny. Throughout the Cincinnatian, and other Paleozoic strata a three-fold motif of lithologic units has been observed: the current study offers a discussion of the naming of lithologic units and the hierarchical nature of depositional cycles associated with this phenomenon. iii iv Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank my parents for their continued support of my education in geology and moral support throughout the time of the writing of this thesis. I would like to thank close friends James Thomka and Nathan Marshall for continued moral support, field support, and useful discussion to this project. Mike DeSantis offered valuable discussion and advice contributing to the completion of this thesis. I greatly appreciate the support and revisions of members of my thesis committee: Carl Brett, Arnie Miller, Dave Meyer and Ben Dattilo. Without the teaching, guidance, hours of daily discussion, literally months spent together in the field, arguments, late night phone calls and emails, document revisions, of my advisor, Carl Brett this thesis would not be possible. I am eternally grateful for Carl’s “hit the ground running” and always “more the merrier” attitude. My introduction to Ben Dattilo, through Carl, was pivotal to the success of this project. Continuing in collaboration where Ben left off, his project advice, valuable discussion, field experience, and friendship have been critical to the success of this project. I would further like to thank the Dry Dredgers for their help, interest, and valuable discussions of this project. Specifically, Dan Cooper and Stephen Felton have been critical to the completion of this project. Dan provided useful advice and introduction to outcrops of the Corryville Mbr. No other living person has had more experience in the Cincinnatian strata than Steve Felton; knowledge of Cincinnatian beds, fauna, previous workers, and literature is impeccable. The knowledge of localities and Cincinnatian fossils held by Steve dwarfs that of generations of Cincinnatian workers. Steve’s valuabe insights, in addition to valuable v discussion, and field support have contributed strongly to this project, for which I am extremely thankful. I would like to thank Brooks Ellwood, my current advisor at LSU, for valuable advice, training, and revisions concerning Magnetic Susceptibility. I am grateful to University of Cincinnati undergraduate students, Adam Leu, Emily Wendler and Nick Bose for field assistantance. Likewise, advice on how to conduct a research from Attila Kilinc and Paul Potter has contributed strongly to this project. Funding for this project was generously provided by a Dry Dredgers, Paul Sanders Award; Geological Society of America, Student Research Grant; and an award from the Univeristy of Cincinnati Research Council. vi Preface Research of the Cincinnatian Series over the past 10 years has been termed a “Stratigraphic Renaissance” (McLaughlin et al., 2008), but the bulk of stratigraphic research has involved the Edenian Stage, Kope Formation. Correlation is a key component to studies of sedimentary strata, and without this knowledge other paleoecological, climatological, geochemical studies, etc. may be flawed and include errors. The intention of this research is to raise the base of knowledge out from the Edenian Stage, and up, into the Maysvillian Stage, using recent studies in the Kope Formation as a model. Together with Carl Brett and Ben Dattilo, I have conducted this research in order to kickstart further investigations occurring in the Cincinnatian, Maysvillian Stage. It is the hope of the author that the following chapters of this thesis will provide a refined sequence stratigraphic framework for strata of the Maysvillian Stage in its type area and will prompt other researchers to move their future studies out of the well studied Edenian, and move into the up and out, of the Maysvillian Stage and higher Richmondian Stage, in order to gain a further understanding paleoenvironments, paleoclimates, and paleobiology occurring during the Late Ordovician of the Cincinnati Arch. Chapters two-six of this thesis are intended for publication, or as part of a publication in a peer reviewed journal. Chapter One is provided as background reguarding sequence stratigraphic terms. McLaughlin, P.I., Brett, C.E., Holland, S.M., Storrs, S.W. 2008. Stratigraphic Renaissance in the Cincinnati Arch. Implications for Upper Ordovician Paleontology and Paleoecology. Cincinnati Museum Center Scientific Contributions. Number 2. vii Table of contents: Title Page: i Abstract: ii Blank Page-Copyright Notice: iv Acknowledgements: v Preface: vii Table of Contents: viii List of Table and Figures: xi Introduction 1 References 3 Chapter 1: Definition of Stratigraphic Sequences, Terms, and Model Used 5 References 14 Chapter 2: Facies Mosaics vs. Sequence Stratigraphy: using fine scale stratigraphic correlation to decode sedimentary facies in the Cincinnatian, Maysvillian Stage 16 Introduction 16 Traceable Horizons 18 Fairview Formation 18 McMillan Formation 27 Fourth Order Depositional Cycles 34 Corryville Member Cycles 44 Fourth order sequence stratgraphic framework 49 viii Discussion of Cycle Propagation and Development 52 Conclusions 53 References 55 Chapter 3: Regional Correlation of the Late Ordovician Cincinnatian, Maysvillian Stage Sequences using Magnetic Susceptibility 61 Abstract 61 Specific Aims 62 Background: MS, Milankovich Cycles, Cincinnatian 62 Cincinnatian Series 64 Methods 67 Outcrop Descriptions 68 Correlation and Interpretation using MS 72 Conclusions 81 References 83 Chapter 4: Third Order Sequence Stratigraphy of the Cincinnatian, Maysvillian Stage:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Paleoecology and Biogeography of Ordovician Edrioasteroids
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2011 The Paleoecology and Biogeography of Ordovician Edrioasteroids Rene Anne Lewis University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Paleontology Commons Recommended Citation Lewis, Rene Anne, "The Paleoecology and Biogeography of Ordovician Edrioasteroids. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2011. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1094 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Rene Anne Lewis entitled "The Paleoecology and Biogeography of Ordovician Edrioasteroids." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Geology. Michael L. McKinney, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Colin D. Sumrall, Linda C. Kah, Arthur C. Echternacht Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) THE PALEOECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF ORDOVICIAN EDRIOASTEROIDS A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville René Anne Lewis August 2011 Copyright © 2011 by René Anne Lewis All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • The Stratigraphic Architecture and Evolution of the Burdigalian Carbonate—Siliciclastic Sedimentary Systems of the Mut Basin, Turkey
    The stratigraphic architecture and evolution of the Burdigalian carbonate—siliciclastic sedimentary systems of the Mut Basin, Turkey P. Bassanta,*, F.S.P. Van Buchema, A. Strasserb,N.Gfru¨rc aInstitut Franc¸ais du Pe´trole, Rueil-Malmaison, France bUniversity of Fribourg, Switzerland cIstanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey Received 17 February 2003; received in revised form 18 November 2003; accepted 21 January 2004 Abstract This study describes the coeval development of the depositional environments in three areas across the Mut Basin (Southern Turkey) throughout the Late Burdigalian (early Miocene). Antecedent topography and rapid high-amplitude sea-level change are the main controlling factors on stratigraphic architecture and sediment type. Stratigraphic evidence is observed for two high- amplitude (100–150 m) sea-level cycles in the Late Burdigalian to Langhian. These cycles are interpreted to be eustatic in nature and driven by the long-term 400-Ka orbital eccentricity-cycle-changing ice volumes in the nascent Antarctic icecap. We propose that the Mut Basin is an exemplary case study area for guiding lithostratigraphic predictions in early Miocene shallow- marine carbonate and mixed environments elsewhere in the world. The Late Burdigalian in the Mut Basin was a time of relative tectonic quiescence, during which a complex relict basin topography was flooded by a rapid marine transgression. This area was chosen for study because it presents extraordinary large- scale 3D outcrops and a large diversity of depositional environments throughout the basin. Three study transects were constructed by combining stratal geometries and facies observations into a high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework. 3346 m of section were logged, 400 thin sections were studied, and 145 biostratigraphic samples were analysed for nannoplankton dates (Bassant, P., 1999.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating the Frasnian-Famennian Mass Extinction: Comparing Brachiopod Faunas
    Evaluating the Frasnian-Famennian mass extinction: Comparing brachiopod faunas PAUL COPPER Copper, P. 1998. Evaluating the Frasnian-Famennian mass extinction: Comparing bra- chiopod faunas.- Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 43,2,137-154. The Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) mass extinctions saw the global loss of all genera belonging to the tropically confined order Atrypida (and Pentamerida): though Famen- nian forms have been reported in the literafure, none can be confirmed. Losses were more severe during the Givetian (including the extinction of the suborder Davidsoniidina, and the reduction of the suborder Lissatrypidina to a single genus),but ońgination rates in the remaining suborder surviving into the Frasnian kept the group alive, though much reduced in biodiversity from the late Earb and Middle Devonian. In the terminal phases of the late Palmatolepis rhenana and P linguifurmis zones at the end of the Frasnian, during which the last few Atrypidae dechned, no new genera originated, and thus the Atrypida were extĘated. There is no evidence for an abrupt termination of all lineages at the F-F boundary, nor that the Atrypida were abundant at this time, since all groups were in decline and impoverished. Atypida were well established in dysaerobic, muddy substrate, reef lagoonal and off-reef deeper water settings in the late Givetian and Frasnian, alongside a range of brachiopod orders which sailed through the F-F boundary: tropical shelf anoxia or hypońa seems implausible as a cause for aĘpid extinction. Glacial-interglacial climate cycles recorded in South Ameńca for the Late Devonian, and their synchronous global cooling effect in low latitudes, as well as loss of the reef habitat and shelf area reduction, remain as the most likely combined scenarios for the mass extinction events.
    [Show full text]
  • Sequence Biostratigraphy of Carboniferous-Permian Boundary
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2019-07-01 Sequence Biostratigraphy of Carboniferous-Permian Boundary Strata in Western Utah: Deciphering Eustatic and Tectonic Controls on Sedimentation in the Antler-Sonoma Distal Foreland Basin Joshua Kerst Meibos Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Meibos, Joshua Kerst, "Sequence Biostratigraphy of Carboniferous-Permian Boundary Strata in Western Utah: Deciphering Eustatic and Tectonic Controls on Sedimentation in the Antler-Sonoma Distal Foreland Basin" (2019). Theses and Dissertations. 7583. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7583 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Sequence Biostratigraphy of Carboniferous-Permian Boundary Strata in Western Utah: Deciphering Eustatic and Tectonic Controls on Sedimentation in the Antler-Sonoma Distal Foreland Basin Joshua Kerst Meibos A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Scott M. Ritter, Chair Brooks B. Britt Sam Hudson Department of Geological Sciences Brigham Young University Copyright © 2019 Joshua Kerst Meibos All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Sequence Biostratigraphy of Carboniferous-Permian Boundary Strata in Western Utah: Deciphering Eustatic and Tectonic Controls on Sedimentation in the Antler-Sonoma Distal Foreland Basin Joshua Kerst Meibos Department of Geological Sciences, BYU Master of Science The stratal architecture of the upper Ely Limestone and Mormon Gap Formation (Pennsylvanian-early Permian) in western Utah reflects the interaction of icehouse sea-level change and tectonic activity in the distal Antler-Sonoma foreland basin.
    [Show full text]
  • The Classic Upper Ordovician Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Eastern Cincinnati Arch
    International Geoscience Programme Project 653 Third Annual Meeting - Athens, Ohio, USA Field Trip Guidebook THE CLASSIC UPPER ORDOVICIAN STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE EASTERN CINCINNATI ARCH Carlton E. Brett – Kyle R. Hartshorn – Allison L. Young – Cameron E. Schwalbach – Alycia L. Stigall International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) Project 653 Third Annual Meeting - 2018 - Athens, Ohio, USA Field Trip Guidebook THE CLASSIC UPPER ORDOVICIAN STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE EASTERN CINCINNATI ARCH Carlton E. Brett Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, 2624 Clifton Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA ([email protected]) Kyle R. Hartshorn Dry Dredgers, 6473 Jayfield Drive, Hamilton, Ohio 45011, USA ([email protected]) Allison L. Young Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, 2624 Clifton Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA ([email protected]) Cameron E. Schwalbach 1099 Clough Pike, Batavia, OH 45103, USA ([email protected]) Alycia L. Stigall Department of Geological Sciences and OHIO Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, Ohio University, 316 Clippinger Lab, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA ([email protected]) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We extend our thanks to the many colleagues and students who have aided us in our field work, discussions, and publications, including Chris Aucoin, Ben Dattilo, Brad Deline, Rebecca Freeman, Steve Holland, T.J. Malgieri, Pat McLaughlin, Charles Mitchell, Tim Paton, Alex Ries, Tom Schramm, and James Thomka. No less gratitude goes to the many local collectors, amateurs in name only: Jack Kallmeyer, Tom Bantel, Don Bissett, Dan Cooper, Stephen Felton, Ron Fine, Rich Fuchs, Bill Heimbrock, Jerry Rush, and dozens of other Dry Dredgers. We are also grateful to David Meyer and Arnie Miller for insightful discussions of the Cincinnatian, and to Richard A.
    [Show full text]
  • Bank Stability Resulting from Rapid Flood Recession Along the Licking River, Kentucky
    UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI Date:___________________ I, _________________________________________________________, hereby submit this work as part of the requirements for the degree of: in: It is entitled: This work and its defense approved by: Chair: _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ BANK INSTABILITY RESULTING FROM RAPID FLOOD RECESSION ALONG THE LICKING RIVER, KENTUCKY A thesis submitted to the Division of Research and Advanced Studies of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Department of Geology Of the College of Arts and Sciences 2004 by Ana Cristina Londono G. B.S., Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 1995 Committee Chair: Dr. David B. Nash ABSTRACT River bank instability has been linked with changing land use, deforestation and channel meandering. Fluctuations in water level, either seasonal or more frequent, have also been related to instability. Increased pore water pressure has been correlated with flooding. When, the level of water decreases rapidly, the pore water pressure within the soil remains high, thereby decreasing the soil’s effective shear strength. This reduction in shear strength may result in bank failure. The banks of the Licking River near Wilder, Kentucky were selected as a study site because they exhibit instability features: tension cracks, circular and wedge failures, slumps and piping, some of which developed after a major flooding event in 1997. Tensiometers were installed at depth from 4 ft to 10 ft and a piezometer was installed at a depth of 12 ft. The bank material is clay with low plasticity (CL) with total cohesion and friction angle of 27 kPa and 13o respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geology of Ohio—The Ordovician
    A Quarterly Publication of the Division of Geological Survey Fall 1997 THE GEOLOGY OF OHIO—THE ORDOVICIAN by Michael C. Hansen o geologists, the Ordovician System of Ohio bulge), accompanying development of a foreland is probably the most famous of the state’s basin to the east at the edge of the orogenic belt. As Paleozoic rock systems. The alternating shales the Taconic Orogeny reached its zenith in the Late Tand limestones of the upper part of this system crop Ordovician, sediments eroded from the rising out in southwestern Ohio in the Cincinnati region mountains were carried westward, forming a com- and yield an incredible abundance and diversity of plex delta system that discharged mud into the well-preserved fossils. Representatives of this fauna shallow seas that covered Ohio and adjacent areas. reside in museums and private collections through- The development of this delta, the Queenston Delta, out the world. Indeed, fossils from Ohio’s Ordovi- is recorded by the many beds of shale in Upper cian rocks define life of this geologic period, and the Ordovician rocks exposed in southwestern Ohio. rocks of this region, the Cincinnatian Series, serve The island arcs associated with continental as the North American Upper Ordovician Standard. collision were the sites of active volcanoes, as docu- Furthermore, in the late 1800’s, Ordovician rocks in mented by the widespread beds of volcanic ash the subsurface in northwestern Ohio were the source preserved in Ohio’s Ordovician rocks (see Ohio of the first giant oil and gas field in the country. Geology, Summer/Fall 1991).
    [Show full text]
  • Calibrating Water Depths of Ordovician Communities
    Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2015, 64, 1, 19–23 doi: 10.3176/earth.2015.04 Calibrating water depths of Ordovician communities: lithological and ecological controls on depositional gradients in Upper Ordovician strata of southern Ohio and north-central Kentucky, USA Carlton E. Bretta, Thomas J. Malgieria, James R. Thomkab, Christopher D. Aucoina, Benjamin F. Dattiloc and Cameron E. Schwalbacha a Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA; [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] b Department of Geosciences, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA; [email protected] c Department of Geoscience, Indiana University-Purdue University-Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, USA; [email protected] Received 2 July 2014, accepted 13 October 2014 Abstract. Limestone and shale facies of the Upper Ordovician Grant Lake Formation (Katian: Cincinnatian, Maysvillian) are well exposed in the Cincinnati Arch region of southern Ohio and north-central Kentucky, USA. These rocks record a gradual change in lithofacies and biofacies along a gently northward-sloping ramp. This gradient spans very shallow, olive-gray, platy, laminated dolostones with sparse ostracodes in the south to offshore, nodular, phosphatic, brachiopod-rich limestones and marls in the north. This study uses facies analysis in outcrop to determine paleoenvironmental parameters, particularly those related to water depth (e.g., position of the photic zone and shoreline, relative degree of environmental energy). Within a tightly correlated stratigraphic interval (the Mount Auburn and Straight Creek members of the Grant Lake Formation and the Terrill Member of the Ashlock Formation), we document the occurrence of paleoenvironmental indicators, including desiccation cracks and light-depth indicators, such as red and green algal fossils and oncolites.
    [Show full text]
  • Geotechnical Report
    Geotechnical Exploration Report The Freese Center State Route 598 Galion, Ohio 44833 Prepared for Galion Port Authority P.O. Box 761 Galion, Ohio 44833 Daniel E Karch, E.I. Project Manager Prepared by Professional Service Industries, Inc. 4960 Vulcan Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43228 Paul S. Hundley, P.E. July 31, 2020 Geotechnical Dept. Manager/Principal Consultant PSI Project No. 01021746 PSI Project Number: 01021746 The Freese Center July 21, 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 PROJECT INFORMATION ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 PROJECT AUTHORIZATION ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF SERVICES ................................................................................................. 2 2 SITE AND SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS .................................................................................................... 4 2.1 SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................. 4 2.2 SITE GEOLOGY .................................................................................................................................. 4 2.3 SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Depositional Cycles, Composite Sea-Level Changes, Cycle Stacking
    Depositional cycles, composite sea-level changes, cycle stacking patterns, and the hierarchy of stratigraphie forcing: Examples from Alpine Triassic platform carbonates R. K. GOLDHAMMER* \ P. A. DUNN > Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 L. A. HARDIE j ABSTRACT (fourth, fifth order) eustasy and long-term, low-frequency (third order) eustasy in accordance with the hierarchy of stratigraphic forc- Carbonate platform deposits record a complex interplay of nu- ing. Central to the interpretation of these examples is the demonstra- merous geodynamic variables, of which eustasy, subsidence, and sed- tion that true eustatic rhythms are recorded in the high-frequency iment accumulation are prime factors in determining both the cyclicity, as verified by time-series analyses and the use of "Fischer kilometer-scale (depositional sequence scale) and meter-scale (deposi- plots." These examples can be modeled by computer under conditions tional cycle scale) stratigraphic packaging. In this study, we looked of lag-depth-constrained sedimentation, uniform subsidence, and particularly at composite eustasy, that is, superimposed sea-level fluc- composite eustasy. We also present two examples, one from the Al- tuations with different frequencies (defined as orders) and different pine Triassic (the Norian Lofer cyclothems) and one from the Pleisto- amplitudes, and the role it plays in the linkage between meter-scale cene of south Florida, that lack both a systematic succession of cyclic stratigraphy and kilometer-scale sequence stratigraphy. Specifi- high-frequency cycle stacking patterns and identifiable composite cally, we have investigated the relationship between low-frequency, rhythms in the stratigraphic record, despite the existence of composite third-order (1-10 m.y.
    [Show full text]
  • Generalized Correlation Chart of Bedrock Units In
    STATE OF OHIO THIS PUBLICATION WAS FINANCED IN PART THROUGH A GRANT George V. Voinovich, Governor GENERALIZED CORRELATION CHART OF BEDROCK UNITS IN OHIO FROM THE OHIO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES UNDER PROVISIONS OF SECTION 319 (h) OF THE CLEAN WATER ACT AS AMENDED IN 1987. Donald C. Anderson, Director OPEN-FILE REPORT 98-2 DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Compiled by Glenn E. Larsen, September 1998 Thomas M. Berg, Chief EXPLANATION This correlation chart is a product of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Root, S. I., Rodriguez, Joaquin, and Forsyth, J. L., 1961, Geology of Knox County: Ohio Division of Kleffner, M. A., 1990, Wenlockian (Silurian) conodont biostratigraphy, depositional environments, and CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNITS Geological Survey and was prepared as part of a grant (project no. 95 (h) EPA-15) from the Ohio Geological Survey Bulletin 59, 232 p. depositional history along the eastern flank of the Cincinnati Arch in southern Ohio: Journal of Environmental Protection Agency under provisions of Section 319 (h) of the Clean Water Act as Scatterday, J. W., 1963, Stratigraphy and conodont faunas of the Maxville Group (Middle and Upper Paleontology, v. 64, no. 2, p. 319-328. amended in 1987. Funding for the geologic mapping that is the basis for the mapped units shown Mississippian) of Ohio: Ohio State University Ph.D. dissertation (unpub.), The Ohio State Kleffner, M. A., 1994, Conodont biostratigraphy and depositional history of strata comprising the on the chart was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (National Cooperative Geologic Mapping University, 162 p. Niagaran sequence (Silurian) in the northern part of the Cincinnati Arch region, west-central Ohio, and M NORTH M GLOBAL E AMERICAN AREA 1 AREA 2 AREA 3 AREA 4 AREA 5 AREA 6 AREA 7 AREA 8 AREA 9 AREA 10 AREA 11 AREA 12 AREA 13 AREA 14 Program, STATEMAP component), the Ohio Department of Transportation, and the Ohio Shaver, R.
    [Show full text]
  • A Swollen Crinoid Pluricolumnal from the Upper Ordovician of Northern Kentucky, USA: the Oldest Record of an Amorphous Paleopathologic Response in Crinoidea?
    Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2014, 63, 4, 317–322 doi: 10.3176/earth.2014.37 A swollen crinoid pluricolumnal from the Upper Ordovician of northern Kentucky, USA: the oldest record of an amorphous paleopathologic response in Crinoidea? James R. Thomka, Thomas J. Malgieri and Carlton E. Brett Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA; [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Received 14 April 2014, accepted 25 August 2014 Abstract. Swollen or otherwise malformed crinoid remains are relatively common in the Phanerozoic. However, published reports typically describe swellings associated with a discrete pit, boring, embedment structure or encruster, and, moreover, are overwhelmingly from Silurian or younger strata. Here, the rare occurrence of an amorphously swollen crinoid pluricolumnal is described from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) Grant Lake Formation of north-central Kentucky, USA. This represents one of the oldest examples of crinoid malformation potentially resulting from interaction with a parasite or epibiont, one of the oldest examples of swelling in a crinoid column, and likely represents the oldest record of amorphous swelling. The pluricolumnal is morphologically generalized, making definitive identification difficult. Potential candidates include the diplobathrid camerate Pycnocrinus and the large, morphologically aberrant disparid Anomalocrinus. Regardless, if generated by an antagonistic biotic interaction, this specimen seems to support the hypothesis that crinoids with large calyxes and relatively complex arm morphologies were preferentially utilized as hosts for parasites and commensals over crinoids with simpler morphologies in the Ordovician. Key words: Pycnocrinus, Anomalocrinus, Echinodermata, parasitism, biotic interactions, Cincinnatian, paleopathology. INTRODUCTION One of the most common examples of echinoderm paleopathological skeletal modification is crinoid ossicles The echinoderm skeleton is complex and dynamic.
    [Show full text]