Chickpeas CHICKPEAS INTRODUCTION – Lessons from 2008 VARIETY DESCRIPTIONS Denotes Plant Breeders Rights Apply
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Chickpeas CHICKPEAS INTRODUCTION – Lessons from 2008 VARIETY DESCRIPTIONS denotes plant breeders rights apply. Chickpeas are a valid crop option as a number of varieties with improved ascochyta blight resistance, high yields and Desi type – FLIPPER good adaptation are now available to growers. Variety Has moderate ascochyta blight resistance and when grown selection must be based on ascochyta blight pressure, yield in Victoria is likely to require strategic fungicide and marketing opportunities, knowing that disease applications (2‐4 sprays) throughout the growing season. management is critical to success. Flipper is best adapted to the higher rainfall regions of north‐central NSW. Flipper yields less than Howzat (in the It is very important to know the ascochyta blight resistance absence of ascochyta blight) and similar to Genesis 508. rating for your chosen variety and understand the disease Bred by NSW DPI, tested as 93011‐1021 and marketed by management package associated with growing that variety. AWB Seeds. Resistant varieties, such as Genesis™ 509 and Genesis™ 090, still require a foliar fungicide application at podding to Desi type – GENESIS TM 508 reduce seed infection, maximise quality and prevent yield Has good ascochyta blight resistance and is likely to loss. Moderately resistant varieties, such as Almaz and require only one fungicide application during podding. Genesis™ 114, require 2‐4 strategic fungicide applications Seed is less preferred than Howzat and lower prices are to prevent yield loss. paid for grain. Genesis 508 is lower yielding than Howzat (in the absence of ascochyta blight) in short season areas Yields of the new ascochyta blight resistant varieties are such as the Mallee and when the season ends relatively similar to the varieties widely grown prior to the ascochyta early. Therefore it is only suited to areas with greater than blight outbreak in 1998. The yields of Genesis™ 509 and 380mm annual rainfall on heavier soils (eg Wimmera grey the kabuli variety Genesis™ 090 are comparative with the clays) and on sandy loam soils in the northern Wimmera desi varieties widely grown prior to 1998. The yields of and southern Mallee. Genesis 509 is a good replacement for Almaz and Genesis™ 114 are lower than Genesis™ 509 and Genesis 508 due to its superior adaptation. Released 2005 Genesis™ 090 but comparative or better than the large and marketed by Australian Agricultural Crop seeded kabuli variety, Kaniva, grown prior to 1998. Commodities. A larger range of chickpea types are now available to Desi type – GENESIS TM 509 farmers, creating greater marketing opportunities than in Has good ascochyta resistance and is likely to require only the past. However, this also means that understanding one fungicide application during podding. Seed is less markets is an important part of variety selection. preferred than Howzat and similar to Genesis 508. Genesis 509 yields similarly to Howzat and higher than Genesis Genesis 508™ and Genesis™ 509 are Tyson or older desi 508. It has shown broad adaptation and is suited to both chickpea types suited more to splitting than whole seed the Wimmera and Mallee regions. Released 2007 and markets. A new desi release is anticipated in 2010, marketed by Australian Agricultural Crop Commodities. CICA0503, which is expected to be suitable for both the whole and splitting markets (Howzat type), and if so Desi type – HOWZAT should attract a small premium over Genesis™ 509. Susceptible to ascochyta blight, Howzat has moderate early vigour. Initially prostrate rather than erect, but standing The smaller seeded, ascochyta blight resistant, high ability improves towards maturity. Early flowering with yielding kabuli variety Genesis™ 090 creates opportunities brown grain of medium size. Howzat is less susceptible to in the 7‐8 mm kabuli market. Another small kabuli variety botrytis grey mould than most current varieties. Strategic Genesis™ 079 (6‐7 mm), may be available in limited application of fungicides to control ascochyta blight are quantities in 2009. Unlike the larger kabuli varieties, required. The variety has excellent adaptation to most chickpea Genesis™ 090 and Genesis™ 079 yields are similar to the growing regions. Released 2000 and marketed by Australian best desi chickpeas in a broad range of environments. This Agricultural Crop Commodities. offers potential new options for traditional desi growing areas where prices for 6‐8 mm kabuli seeds are equal to or Desi type – SONALI higher than desi prices. Almaz and Genesis™ 114 produce A Western Australian selection, which has the ability to set predominantly 9 and 8 mm seed for traditional Australian pods under cooler temperatures than older varieties, and is kabuli (Kaniva) markets where seed size is important. earlier maturing than current varieties. In favourable springs and the absence of ascochyta blight has yielded The following chapter on chickpea briefly summarises some of the well in Victorian short season environments. Will require a key comparative information, more detailed information can be similar fungicide regime to Howzat under Victorian found at www.nvtonline.com.au and www.pulseaus.com.au Up to growing conditions. Released 2005 and marketed by AWB date and detailed information on pulse diseases can be down loaded from the DPI website www.dpi.vic.gov.au/notes. Seeds. Victorian Winter Crop Summary 73 Chickpeas Kabuli type – ALMAZ Released 2005 and commercialised by Australian Moderately resistant to ascochyta blight. Seed is slightly Agricultural Crop Commodities. larger than Kaniva but smaller than Nafice. Yield is equal or better than Kaniva and offers a much lower disease risk Kabuli type – GENESIS TM 114 option. Almaz will require at least 3 fungicide applications Moderate resistance to ascochyta blight and when grown in to be successfully grown in Victorian growing conditions. Victoria is likely to require strategic fungicide applications Best adapted to the traditional kabuli growing areas. (2‐4 sprays) throughout the growing season. Seed size is Released 2005 and marketed by AWB Seeds. larger than Kaniva (8‐9 mm) and has been higher yielding than Almaz and Nafice. Genesis 114 has an erect plant Kabuli type – BUMPER habit and excellent lodging resistance. Small amounts of Very susceptible to ascochyta blight. A medium‐tall variety seed may be available in 2009 through Australian which flowers in mid season. It has medium lodging Agricultural Crop Commodities. resistance. Bumper produces larger, slightly whiter grain than Kaniva which may offset its slightly lower yield. Kabuli type – GENESIS TM 425 Released in 1998 and marketed by Australian Agricultural Resistant to ascochyta similar to Genesis 090 which will Crop Commodities. require one fungicide application during podding but has phytopthora resistance similar to Howzat and superior to Kabuli type – GENESIS TM 079 other kabuli varieties. Targeted as a small to medium Resistant to ascochyta blight Genesis 079 is likely to only kabuli option for northern NSW. Seed available in 2009 require one fungicide application during podding. It is a through Australian Agricultural Crop Commodities. high yielding small seeded type (6‐7mm) with relatively high yields in short season environments. Some seed may Kabuli type – KANIVA be available in 2009. Very susceptible to ascochyta blight. Kaniva was the main Released 2009 and marketed through Australian kabuli variety grown in south‐east Australia. It can be very Agricultural Crop Commodities profitable despite requiring regular fungicide sprays. It has poorer standing ability than most varieties. Kabuli type – GENESIS TM 090 Kabuli type – NAFICE Genesis 090 has good ascochyta blight resistance and is Moderately resistant to ascochyta blight. Seed is larger than likely to require only one fungicide application during Kaniva and slightly larger than Almaz. Yield is equal or podding. It has shown wide adaptation and excellent yield better than Kaniva and offers a much lower disease risk stability, including in drier environments. Genesis 090 has option, however Nafice will require at least 3 fungicide a smaller seed, approximately 1mm smaller than that of applications to be successfully grown in Victorian growing Kaniva. Genesis 090 has the potential to be grown as a conditions. Best adapted to the traditional kabuli growing good alternative to desi chickpeas or as a higher yielding areas. There has been some reports of poor seed colour but lower value alternative (smaller seed) to kabulis such which requires further evaluation. as Almaz and Nafice. Released 2005 and marketed by AWB Seeds. Table 1: Chickpea time of sowing guide This table is a guide only and has been compiled from observations of the breeder and local departmental agronomists. MALLEE April May June July DESI Howzat, Tyson > > X X < < Genesis 509 > X X X X < < KABULI Genesis 090, Genesis 079 > > X X X X < < Almaz, Kaniva, Nafice and > > X X < < Genesis 114 WIMMERA April May June July DESI Howzat, Tyson > > X X X < Genesis 508, 509 > X X X X < KABULI Genesis 090, Genesis 079 > > X X X X X < < Almaz, Nafice and Genesis > > X X X < 114 Kaniva > > X X < 74 Victorian Winter Crop Summary Chickpeas NORTH CENTRAL April May June July DESI Howzat, Tyson > X X X X < < Genesis 509 > X X X X X X < < KABULI Genesis 090, Genesis 079 > > X X X X X < < Almaz, Kaniva, Nafice and > X X X X < < Genesis 114 >earlier than ideal, X optimum sowing time, < later than ideal but acceptable Table 2: Chickpea variety agronomic guide and disease reaction Variety Ave 100 Seed