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SUNNYSIDE YARD FEASIBILITY STUDY Sunnyside Yard Feasibility Study February 6, 2017 New York City is in the midst of a period of comprehensive and detailed assessment of the unprecedented growth. Our population has technical, planning, and fnancial considerations reached a record 8.5 million, and current of building atop Sunnyside Yard. projections estimate that it will reach an astonishing 9 million before 2040. That growth We thank the many community members, elected has helped make the City an even more dynamic leaders, public agencies, and other stakeholders place to work, learn, and play, but it has also who informed this study. We look forward to placed new stress on the core infrastructure continuing our work together to explore an serving the City and the region. opportunity with the potential to prepare New York City for the next century. At the same time, land has become increasingly scarce. Opportunities to expand the transportation infrastructure we need to move Sincerely, our workforce and the housing stock necessary to shelter our residents are few and far between. The public sector must reach for new and innovative solutions to meet our needs. In Western Queens, there remains one of New York City’s last great opportunities to solve many Alicia Glen of these challenges in one place. Sunnyside Feasibility Study Sunnyside Yard Yard is a 180-acre site that houses essential Deputy Mayor for Housing and Economic rail operations for Amtrak, the MTA, and NJ Development Transit. It has also divided communities in Queens for decades. In early 2015, Mayor de Blasio announced that the City would analyze the feasibility of taking on the mammoth task of decking over Sunnyside Yard to build a new, fully planned neighborhood in the heart of Queens – all while allowing rail operations to continue underneath. Since the Mayor’s announcement, the City has worked with Amtrak to study the future of Sunnyside Yard. This study is the result of that collaboration and represents a Acknowledgements Sunnyside Yard Feasibility Study Sunnyside Yard Acknowledgements LEAD AGENCIES CONSULTANTS New York City Economic Development FX FOWLE Architects/Lead - Urban Design Corporation (NYCEDC) HR&A Advisors/Economic Planning Amtrak Parsons Brinckerhoff/Transportation Planning CONSULTED AGENCIES BJH Advisors/Economic Consultant New York City Agencies Curtis + Ginsberg Architects/Affordable Housing Department of Cultural Affairs (DCLA) Architect Department of City Planning (DCP) James Corner Field Operations/Landscape Architect Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) JCMS/Cost Estimating Department of Education (DOE) McKissack & McKissack/Construction Planning Department of Health & Mental Hygiene NAIK Consulting Group/Surveying (DOHMH) Rolf Jensen & Associates/Code Consulting Department of Transportation (DOT) Feasibility Study Sunnyside Yard WSP USA/Structural Engineering Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD) New York City Police Department (NYPD) Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) New York City Transit Authority (NYCT) Long Island Railroad (LIRR) i A Guide to Using this Feasibility Study Sunnyside Yard Feasibility Study Sunnyside Yard A Guide to Using this Feasibility Study This report provides a comprehensive framework Chapter 1: Executive Summary Chapter 5: Program Alternatives to assess the feasibility of a Sunnyside Yard overbuild. The decision to advance such a large An overview of the opportunities, challenges, and Three test case programs that defne a range of and complex project must take into consideration fndings of the Feasibility Study. scenarios and strategies for an overbuild. whether fnancial, social benefts, and Broad urban design guidelines to describe the improvements to the built environment outweigh Chapter 2: Offsite Conditions test case programs. the risks and costs of development. An assessment of the economic, urban design, An analysis of the costs required for overbuild The chapters of this report are organized to and infrastructure context of the neighborhoods development. address the engineering, economic, and urban surrounding Sunnyside Yard. design challenges of an overbuild development An assessment of the value of onsite at Sunnyside Yard. The frst part of the report, Chapter 3: Onsite Conditions development, including whether it could offset Chapters 2-Offsite Conditions, 3-Onsite both the aggregate costs of construction and Conditions, and 4-Overbuild Guidelines, describe An evaluation of current and planned conditions at necessary onsite and offsite infrastructure the context of the study, technical facts, physical Sunnyside Yard, including key physical attributes improvements. constraints of building over an active railyard, and and future railroad operations. strategies to optimize feasibility. The second part An examination of engineering concepts and Chapter 6: Conclusions of the report, Chapter 5-Program Alternatives, parameters that determine where and how a deck Strategies to optimize feasibility. describes and tests three development scenarios, can be constructed above Sunnyside Yard. each with a different programmatic focus, to Next steps to guide the implementation of the Feasibility Study Sunnyside Yard evaluate feasibility and identify phasing strategies. Chapter 4: Overbuild Guidelines project. Key fndings from testing alternative development Identifcation of risks and challenges. programs from the perspectives of engineering, economics, and urban design. ii Table of Contents Sunnyside Yard Feasibility Study Sunnyside Yard Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................... i G. Railroad Systems GLOSSARY ................................................................... 191 HOW TO USE THIS REPORT ............................... ii H. Ventilation and Fire Protection Systems CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................ 1 I. Conclusion REFERENCES .............................................................. 195 A. Introduction CHAPTER 4: OVERBUILD GUIDELINES .................. 83 B. The Study A. Chapter Overview C. Context B. Overbuild Guidelines D. Key Considerations and Planning Principles C. Planning Principles E. Development Feasibility D. Conclusion F. Conclusion CHAPTER 5: PROGRAM ALTERNATIVES ...............123 CHAPTER 2: OFFSITE CONDITIONS ................17 A. Chapter Overview A. Chapter Overview B. Test Case Programs B. Economic Context C. Guidelines by Zone Sunnyside Yard Feasibility Study Sunnyside Yard C. Urban Design Context D. Public Open Space Network D. Infrastructure Context E. Economic Feasibility E. Conclusion F. Conclusion CHAPTER 3: ONSITE CONDITIONS ................. 47 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS ....................................181 A. Chapter Overview A. Chapter Overview B. Site Attributes B. Final Recomendations C. Railroad Operations C. Next Steps D. Engineering Parameters D. Conclusion E. Engineering Systems F. Constructability iii Chapter 1: Executive Summary Table of Contents A. Introduction.....................................................................3 B. The Study.........................................................................4 C. Context.............................................................................6 D. Key Considerations and Planning Principles.........8 E. Development Feasibility.............................................12 F. Conclusion.....................................................................14 1 ExecutiveChapter 5: Summary Development Considerations Sunnyside Yard Feasibility Study | Executive Summary Sunnyside Yard FIGURE 1.1: SUNNYSIDE YARD IN CONTEXT The Pennsylvania Railroad first opened Sunnyside Yard in 1910. It now covers approximately 180 acres, is over 8,000’ long, and varies in width from 400’ to 1,500’. It is a key train storage yard and maintenance hub for Amtrak’s Northeast Corridor, and serves New Jersey Transit and Long Island Rail Road, which is developing storage tracks and maintenance facilities there as part of its East Side Access Project. 2 A. Introduction The Sunnyside Yard Feasibility Study identifes framework for a potential overbuild at Sunnyside An iterative process, which modifed physical years and both Amtrak and the Metropolitan key considerations and planning principles to Yard that could feasibly address engineering, and programmatic confgurations in response Transportation Authority (MTA) plan to implement inform future decision-making with regard to economic, urban design, and public policy to fnancial and engineering analysis, informed reconfgurations of tracks and rail operations. As Sunnyside Yard Feasibility Study | Executive Summary Sunnyside Yard a Sunnyside Yard overbuild. For the purposes considerations. the development of these planning principles. these and other projects progress, they will need of this study, feasibility was evaluated under Multiple options and scenarios were tested. to take into consideration a potential overbuild to the perspectives of engineering, economics, Overbuild development in Sunnyside Yard has Although complex constraints narrow the range preserve project feasibility. This study’s fndings and urban design to inform the development been discussed for nearly a century. Studies of alternatives, the three test cases presented can aid the initial coordination necessary between of planning principles. If implemented in a in recent decades have suggested a range of in this study are by no means the only potential multiple