F 127 .L8 fl7

Copy 1 W^mmmMM

A NEW AND COMPLETE VOLUME OF INFORMATION

With Original Pen and Ink Sketches by EUGENE L. ARMBRUSTER

€adle Cibrary M^o. 182

SiP A VIEW OF THE HAIRDRESSING ESTABLISHMENT OF MRS. TYLER-MILLER AT 80-82 FLEET STREET, BROOKLYN.

MRS. TYLER-MILLER'S HAIRDRESSING ESTABLISHMENT

Mrs. Tyler-Miller conducts at 80 Fleet ury and privacy of their own boudoirs. Mrs.

Street, one of the oldest and best known hair- Tyler-Miller has a large force of helpers, who dressing establishments in Brooklyn, having are experts in their respective lines, such as given satisfaction to her many patrons at that the making of hair goods, shampooing, scalp address for over twenty years. Last sea- treatment, hairdressing, facial massage, and son, on account of the large increase in her manicuring, but Mrs. Tyler-Miller gives her patronage, she added the building at 82 Fleet personal supervision and advice to each pat-

Street, thus doubling her space. Mrs. Tyler- ron and her personal attention to every detail

Miller's establishment is fitted up in the most of the business, and, as she is an expert in her elegant manner and is equipped with every line, the business is conducted on a first-class modem convenience needed in her business. basis. .Her prices are moderate and she of-

Her patrons include many of the leading so- fers special inducements to ladies living on ciety women of Brooklyn and Long Island, as Long Island. She is very glad to show visit- they find in the private rooms, which are a ors her establishment and they will find much

I feature of the establishment, the lux- to interest them there. ZJ

THE EAGLE LIBRARY

LONG ISLAND

ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT WITH

ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS

By EUGENE L. ARMBRUSTER

(Copyright, 1914. by E. L Armbruster)

PUBLISHED BY THE BROOKLYN DAILY EAGLE, BROOKLYN-NEW YORK

Entered at the Brooklyn-New York Post office as second-class matter. Vol. XXIX No. 7, of the Eagle Library, Serial No. 182, June, 1914. Trademark "Eagle Library," registered. Almanac Number $1.00. Yearly subscription, $1.50, including Almanac. Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

nl7 The Queens County Trust Company ^.Y. Offices and Safe Deposit Vaults, 375 Fulton St., Jamaica, CAPITAL, $600,000.00

BANKING DEPARTMENT

Deposits Subject to Checks.

Special Deposits not Subject to Check.

Interest Allowed on Daily Balances.

Foreign Exchange, Travelers Cheques

TRUST DEPARTMENT

Executor Estates Managed Adininistrator Registrar

Guardian ' Transfer Agent Trustee Legal Depository for

Receiver ' moneyspaid intoCourt

SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS

and upward. Boxes rented $3.00 per year

Robert B. Austin, Pres. Willis H. Young, V. Pres. Thomas Napier, V. Pres. W. E. Stecher, Sect'y- Leander B. Faber, Counsel.

Queens County Trust Co., Jamaica, Queens Borough. Conducts a General Banking Business. BRANCH OFFICE JUL -2 1914 , Queens Plaza North, Long Island City, N. Y,

©CI.A374658 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

DR. BERNARD LISSEY

One of Queens Borough's leading dentists is Dr. Bernard Lissey, with offices at 339 Pulton street, Jamaica, and his dental operating room, a picture of which is shown above, has been declared the best equipped and the most elaborate and costly on Long Island. As an artisan is judged by his tools and uls workmanship, so a dentist is judged by his appliances and his pleased or displeased patrons. The fact that Dr. Lissey has a large clientele and that his pa- tients invariably leave his office with pleased expressions on their faces, is sufficient proof of Dr. Lissey's worth. Dr. Lissey desires to please his patrons by not only giving them the best possible workmanship and dental surgery under absolute aseptic conditions, but by giving surrounding cleanliness and comfort. Upon arriving in New York, at the age of 17 years. Dr. Lissey immediately proceeded to educate himself. He secured employment as a junior clerk in a drugstore and within a short time re- ceived his license as a graduate pharmacist. In 1903 he decided upon entering the College of Dental and Oral Surgery of New York. He had a very successful college career, graduating in 1906, receiving a silver medal. Shortly after his graduation. Dr. Lissey was married and in 1907 he established himself modestly at Jamaica, L. 1. By close application to his work and constant effort to please. Dr. Lissey soon made for himself an enviable reputation. Despite the fact that he is a very busy dentist, Dr. Lissey still finds time to devote to civic, political, fraternal and charitable work. He is a member of the Jamaica Citizens Association, a member of the Board of Directors of the Iroquois Democratic Club, of the Hebrew Orphan Asylum, of Jamaica Council of the Royal Arcanum, of Jamaica Conclave, Independent Order of Heptasophs; of the Council of Im- migration of New York, of the Woodmen of the World, of the Foresters of America, of the Knights of Pythias, and of Ionic Lodge No. 486, F. and A. M., and of various dental societies. Dr. Lissey is still a comparatively young man. He is ihirty-three years old. He lives with his wife and two children—Jeanette Frances and Dorothy Marion Lissey—in a handsome home at 63 Shelton avenue, Jamaica. Dr. Lissey is always pleased to receive members of his profession, medical doctors, as well as the public in general, and permit them to inspect his handsome dental offices at 339 Pulton street, Jamaica. Telephone 281-597 Jamaica. Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 1

LYN SAVINGS BANK CORNER PIERREPONT AND CLINTON STREETS New Entrance IM. Y. 300 Fulton btreet BROOKLYN, Due Depositors $51,400,000 Surplus (Par Value) $5,900,000

OFFICERS : E. SUTTON Comptroller CROWELL HADDEN - - President LAURUS - - C. HARE - Cashier DANIEL J. CREEM - - Vice-Pres. ARTHUR Ass't Comp'r RICHARD L. EDWARDS Vice-Pres. CHARLES C. PUTNAM TRUSTEES HAROLD I. PRATT HADDEN FRANK L,. BABBOTT CROWELI. EDWIN P. MAYNARD RICHARD L. EDWARDS HENRY F. NOYES SANFORD H. STEELE CHARLES J. PEABODY EDW. H. I,ITCHPIELD JOOST LYMAN DANIEL J. CREEM MARTIN FRANK ALBERT L. MASON G. LEGGET CLINTON R. JAMES DAVID FRANK D. TUTTLE WILLIS L. OGDEN B. HERBERT SMITH L. NOBLE WILLIAM MASON JOHN F. HALSTED FRANCIS MORSE JONATHAN BULKLEY FREDERICK A. M. BUBRELL CHARLES L. WILLIAM L. MOFFAT J Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

OAK PARK NURSERIES

M

iij^>-^i

On East Main street, Patchogue, is situated the Oak Park Nurseries, E. C. and S. V.

Tiger, proprietors, comprising many acres. As the picture indicates, their specialty is evergreens. Established in 1888 the nursery has been spreading out year by year, until it now covers a large acreage of superbly stocked nursery specialties. Their reputation

is such that it has gained for them customers who continually renew their orders, as they realize they can place their orders in perfect confidence and receive just exactly what they buy.

Special attention is given to the culture of trees that will succeed best in this

climate, and those grown here are already acclimated. Write for their beautiful cata-

logue and when in need of anything in this line write the Oak Park Nurseries, which will exert an effort to please you and make you a satisfied and permanent customer. Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

Jamaica Park South Realty Corporation

120 West Thirty-second Street, New York 236 Fulton Street, Jamaica, L. I. Telephone 2914 Madison Square Telephone 878 Jamaica

The Best Moderate Priced Residential Section in Queensborough

19 Minutes From the Pennsylvania Station, 33d Street, New York.

30 Minutes From Manhattan by the New Subway System.

LOTS FROM $250 TO $1,500

The City, State and National Governments have united to open what the "New York World" aptly calls "America's New Front Door." It will be at Jamaica Bay, adjacent to our property.

New York dock authorities declare at this hour that there are countless vessels which, upon arrival, have no prospect but delay, uncertainty and extortionate dock charges when they try to unload. A READJUSTMENT OF THE COMMERCE OF THE WORLD IS NOW UNDER WAY AND JAMAICA BAY IS TO HANDLE IT.

We are showing you history in the making. Facts are here which your mind can build to- gether. It is a cold business proposition. The alert will grasp it to their certain profit. We can prove to you every assertion. JAMAICA PARK SOUTH REALTY CORPORATION

120 West Thirty-second Street, New York 236 Fulton Street, Jamaica, L. Telephone 2914 Madison Square Telephone 878 Jamaica —

Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

Jamaica Park South Realty Corporation

120 West Thirty-second Street, New York 236 Fulton Street, Jamaica, L. I. Telephone 2914 Madison Square Telephone 87S Jamaica

EVERY DOLLAR IN THE PENNSYLVANIA TUNNELS AND TERMINALS, EVERY DOLLAR IN THE CITY'S DUAL SUBWAY SYSTEM, EVERY DOLLAR IN JAMAICA BAY'S GREAT HARBOR, EVERY DOLLAR IN THE NEW ERIE BARGE CANAL, EVERY DOLLAR IN HELL GATE BRIDGE,

Every dollar in each and all of these projects is a lever raising Jamaica Park South realty values to a higher level.

Our proposition is an open book. These big improvements are right there doing business ready for your inspection. You take nothing on—faith. The facts speak for themselves. When you see, you will say what every other man says "IT IS BETTER THAN IT WAS REPRE- SENTED."

Any of these improvements will create enough big business to make an ordinary city.

Think what it means to build a harbor. Here will be miles of wharfage, steamship terminals, docks, etc. Jamaica Bay Harbor means the creation of a thousand new business centers—a city within a city. Shipping facilities bring manufacturers. The increase in Queens manufactures,

314% in 10 years, is a demonstration of that fact.

If the National Government were spending $70,000,000 in the construction of a new harbor on some barren shore, miles from any city, property there would be a good investment. But at

Jamaica Bay the harbor is being built at the backdoor of the greatest commercial city in the world —a city with water or rail transit to all points on the globe. Suppose even ONE of these improvements was being worked out in any community—you know it would be good business to buy property there and wait its completion. But suppose the entire five came together in that community—what then?

If some big business concern would spend $500,000 establishing a plant in a town, you would figure that property there was a good investment.

But here is an expenditure of eight hundred and twenty million dollars on the biggest enter- prises this country ever saw—all of them working together to make Jamaica Park South the greatest commercial center in the United States.

If real estate does not reach high values here, there is no place on earth that it will. If real estate is not a good investment here—there is no such thing as a good investment.

It is GOOD BUSINESS to investigate our proposition before you make any investment any- where. LET US TAKE YOU OUT AND SHOW YOU THE PROPERTY.

JAMAICA PARK SOUTH REALTY CORPORATION

120 West Thirty-second Street, New York 236 Fulton Street, Jamaica, L. L Telephone 2914 Madison Square Telephone 878 Jamaica Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. r THE ^ Patchogue Bank OF F*AXCHOGUE, IM. Y.

Capital .... $75,000.00 Surplus and Profits Over $65,000.00

JOHN A. POTTER, President JESSE C. MILLS, Vice President FRANK A. POTTER, Cashier DIRECTORS JOHN A. POTTER FRANK OVERTON JOSEPH T. LOSEE JESSE C. MILLS SMITH W. CONKLIN JAMES H. MILLS JOHN M. PRICE NATHANIEL O. SWEZEY JAMES H. SNEDECOR

JOHN J. ROE GEORGE H. FURMAN J. ROBERT BAILEY ARCHIBALD S. HAVENS HOWARD S. CONKLIN DANIEL R. DAVIS L FRED B. NEWINS DAYTON HEDGES J —

Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

FRED M. RULAND

Granite, Marble and Statuary. Artistic Granite Work a Specialty. Office and yards, corner of Lake street and North Ocean avenue, Patchogue, L. I.

kept pace with the demands of the times for better cemetery work,

assures all Ruland customers of prompt, courteous, efficient, honest service. The most modern elec-

trical lettering devices, the highest grade of workmanship, elevating

cranes and all up-to-date equip- ment are the best evidence to offer that Ruland can meet any and

all requirements for monuments, headstones, statuary, etc. If you are looking for the genuine prod- ucts—no substitutes—of the fa- mous quarries of Barre, Vt.; Quincy, Mass., and Westerly, R. I., The monuments manufactured Island are examples of Ru- many or the noted imports from Aber- at the establishment of Fred M. land's superior work, admired and deen, Scotland, or Italy, ask Ruland are noted for their original highly commended for their excel- RULAND, design and artistic workmanship. lence of finish. An established FRED M. In the cemeteries of eastern business of thirty years, that has North Ocean Av., Patchogue, L. I. Long i

IF YOU PLEASE-

will you send us a sample of that job of commercial printing which you soon

will need and permit us to quote you a price upon it

Remembering That Our Reputation for

producing printing which is technically and commercially correct gives you all

reasonable assurance that, our price being right, you need have no hesitancy

in entrusting your order to us?

THE AMITY PRINTING HOUSE

CHARLES F. DELANO, Proprietor

AMITYVILLE, LONG ISLAND, N. Y.

Long Distance Telephone No. 77 Amityville.

(All Hours) 10 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

UNIQUE THEATER

On South Ocean avenue, 500 feet from Main street, is located the "Unique Theater," a new

and modern house, equipped with all improvements, including a gallery seating over SOO. The latest

capacity of theater nearly 1,000. Mr. Nathan Goldstein, proprietor and manager, caters to the elite

of Patchogue, exhibiting all the latest films as soon as released. This beautiful theater was opened

to the public last July and has, under Mr. Goldstein's able management, proven a great success.

WILLIAM L. MANTHA COMPANY, Inc.

Have been established nine years in Bayport and four years in Sayville, operating a garage in each place. Fully equipped with power to make any repairs that an automobile may require. Expert mechanics are employed. Mr. Mantha makes a study of each new car as it appears upon the market, and is familiar with all types. The cut represents a Reo car for which this company are the local selling agents. They are also selling agents for the Mitchell automobile. These two high-class cars have a splendid reputation, and those seeking an automobile can make no mistake in selecting either of them. Touring cars can be engaged here at reasonable rates. There is also ample storage room for private owners, who can rest assured they will receive first-class service. Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 11

THE BANK OF HUNTINGTON

HUNTINGTON, L. I.

Just about twenty-six years ago there was started in Huntington, N. Y., a bank. The exact date is July I, 1888. The institution sprang from the private bank of the late James M. Brush, Henry S. Brush and Douglas Conklin. These men virtually did business "over a soap box," and when it was announced that "The Bank of Huntington" was to be opened as a public enterprise, folks were inclined to laugh. Today the bank is the best known on rural Long Island, is the ninth strongest bank in the United States, is the second strong- est State bank in New York State, topped only by the famous Fifth Avenue Bank in New York City. It occupies a place well toward the top on the "roll of honor" of the national banking world. The rise of a community into prominence is generally the rise of its business institutions. Huntington is a good example. The town is composed chiefly of agricultural and residential interests, and for a town of about 6,000 inhabitants it is practically unrivaled on Long Island for general prosperity. If the truth be told, the Bank of Huntington takes a very large percentage of the credit for putting the village on the map, and has much to do with the solidity of its present financial condition.

The Mercantile and Financial Times said recently:

" * * * when an institution operating or doing business in a small community can show on a capitalization of 830,000 a surplus and undivided profits account more than six times its capital, and total resources of almost one and three-quarter million dollars, it is indeed a most enviable condition and a decided testimonial to the abilities that have been and are directing its affairs. Such is the condition shown upon its completion of a quarter of a century of existence by the 'Bank of Huntington,' which institution now shows a surplus of $200,000, deposits of more than $1,400,000, and total resources of $1,700,000."

As an indication of the value of the capital stock of the Bank of Huntington, a short time ago two shares were sold at auction. One share went for §1,025 and the other for $1,020. Par value, $100. OFFICERS: DOUGLASS CONKLIN. President. ROSS W. DOWNS, Cashier. HENRT P. SAMMIS, Vice President. ADDISON W. SAMMIS. Assistant Cashier. DIRECTORS: WILLARD N. BATLIS, GEORGE WOODHULL CONKLIN. JOSEPH IRWIN, J, NEWELL SAMMIS, HENRT S. BRUSH. DOUGLASS CONKLIN. JOHN T. ROBE, THOMAS TOUNG. CARLL S. BURR. AUGUST HECKSCHER, HENRY F. SAMMIS,

Statement of The Bank of Huntington, N. Y., May 2, 1914.

Resources. Liabilities. Bills discounted $919,755.61 Capital stock $30,000.00 Mortgages 98,462.05 Surplus 130,000.00 Stocks and bonds 431,141.23 Undivided profits 106,143.38 Real estate 16,000.00 Cash on hand 84,078.56 Due depositors 1,451,046.61 Due from reserve banks 170,478.23 Due banks 2,725.69

$1,719,915.68 $1,719,915.68 12 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

The Eastern District OF Brooklyn

WITH FORTY-SIX PEN AND INK SKETCHES

BY

Eugene L. Armbruster

SIZE 5x7. CLOTH BINDING. P. P. 205, WITH GENERAL INDEX

Price, ^2-^^ Postpaid

ORDER FROM

EUGENE L. ARMBRUSTER,

263 Eldert Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. :

The Eagle Library

Contents

Page Page Sohquompuo 15 Towns (Continued) The Indians 16 Hempstead (and North Hempstead) 30 Dutch and English Claims 17 Oyster Bay 31 The English Towns 18 Huntington (and Babylon) 33 Political Division of the Island 18 Smithtown 34 Long Island's Population at Different Periods 18 Islip 35 The Borough of Brooklyn 18 Brookhaven 36 Towns: Southold 37 Brooklyn '. 20 Shelter Island 38 New Utrecht 23 Riverhead 38 Gravesend 24 Southampton 39 Platbush (and New Lots) 25 Easthampton 40 Platlands 26 Statistics 40 Bushwick (and Williamsburgh) 26 Long Island a Century Ago 41 Newtown (and Long Island City) 27 Map of New York Harbor 41 Flushing 29 Conclusion 43 Jamaica 30 General Index 44 to 48

Illustrations

Page Page Map of Original Lake 15 Jackson Tide Mill 29 Map of Indian Tribes 17 Duryea House, Flushing 30 Map of Roads in Kings County 18 Stone Meeting House, Jamaica 30 De Heere Gracht 19 Cedarmere 31 Map of West Riding of Yorkshire 19 Monument at Near Rockaway 31 De Hart or Bergen House 21 Youngs House, Oyster Bay 33 Gowanus Stone House 21 Lighthouse, Cold Spring Harbor 33 Preeke's Mill and Yellow Mill 21 First Presbyterian Church, Huntington 34 Second Breukelen Church 22 Lefferts Homestead, Huntington 34 Long Island Ferry Landing, 1740 22 Paper Mill on Oriwie Lake 35 Fulton Ferry, 1840 23 Fire Island Lighthouse 35

Dutch Church and De Sille House, New Utrecht 24 Old First Presbyterian Church, Southold 37 First Dutch Church, Gravesend 24 Horton House, Southold 37 Gravesend Town Hall 25 Mill on Mattituck Creek 37 Original Long Island Church, Middelwoud 25 Champlain House, Orient 37 New Amersfoort Church, Erected 1663 26 Mulford House, Orient 37 Schenck Homestead, Canarsie 26 South View of Riverhead, 1840 38 On Old Woodpoint Road, Bushwick 26 Sayre House, Southampton 39 Bushwick Church and Town Hall 27 Payne's Childhood Home, Easthampton 40 Old Bay Tavern on the Poor Bowery 28 Map of New York Harbor in the Dutch Times 42 The Eagle Library

Introduction

fessor Ebeling." Silas I U »^| STRUS STUYVESANT reported to his Wood tells us: "It appears that ^"Yjcft/l superiors in the Netherlands, on taking Long Island had been overrun by hostile tribes and many office as Director General of the colony of the natives must have been destroyed by them." of New Netherland in 1647, that "he These are the few hints we have regarding the history found the colony so stripped of inhabi- of the island, while occupied by the Indians exclusively. tants, that, with the exception of the The writer has endeavored to find parts of the unwritten English villages of Hempstead, Flush- history of the Indians in the names of localities on the ing and Gravesend, fifty bouweries and plantations could island, and the story of Sohquompuo and the chapter on not be enumerated, and there could not be made out in "the Indians" are the result of this undertaking. The the whole province 250, or at the farthest 300, men capa- Indian names of localities in the counties of Kings and ble of bearing arms." Queens are of the Delaware dialect, and are more sig- Thus the population of Long Island in 1647 may be nificant than is generally believed; the Dutch names in estimated at 500 men, women and children. We have many cases and the English names in some cases are the figures of later times, viz: In 1700, about 9,000; again translations of the Indian names of these locali- in 1800, 42,391; in 1900, 1,452,611. In the next decade ties. The history of the Indians of Long Island pi-ior to the increase was 645,849, or approximately 19 times Hudson's coming has been a sealed book, and thus no the increase during the century from 1700 to 1800. At authorities can be quoted; the absence of geological this rate Long Island will be transformed so rapidly that proofs relating to the formation of Long Island Sound it may be well to picture the old towns, while it yet is makes it necessary to give the story of Sohquompuo possible, while we still have some of the old landmarks simply as a narrative, although the writer has found it with us. indirectly confirmed by the recorded history in a higher

The first fact on record in the story of Long Island degree than many things which are generally accepted is the arrival of the Half Moon in the bay of New York. as true historical facts. Thompson says: "The opinion has sometimes been ad- The spelling of names of towns, villages, rivers, Indian vanced that the bed of the Long Island Sound was at tribes, sachems, etc., is not uniform throughout the book. some remote period covered by the waters of a lake," This is due to several causes. The old documents and etc.; but the geologists are silent on this subject. Thomp- records were written by men who had come to this coun- son also says "that the language of the Montauk was try from all parts of Europe. These men took dov/n the very close to that of the Narragansett and other New names according to sounds. Names of towns, rivers, etc., in many cases were corruptions of Indian words, which England tribes"; and he quotes Heckewelder, saying, were gradually transformed into names, more agreeable "that from the best accounts he could obtain, the Indians, to the ears of the white men. Hence the great variety who inhabited Long Island, were Delawares, and early of spelling in names of the same localities at different known as Matouwakes, according to De Laet and Pro- periods. .

The Eagle Library

LONG ISLAND

iTS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT

SOHQUOMPUO. moment and the storm soon subsided. only place In the world for him with Rowing back, he tried to locate the which Captain C. was a native of Long any pleasant recollections were reck, without success, reached Island; the farm on which he was and connected; the snow-covered forests of home, completely tired out, at reared was located on Manhasset Necli, mid- the high north had lost much in his night. Many times afterward he went and had been in the family for gener- memorj-, he began to feel his age. searching for the mysterious rock, but Just ations. Here he lived the life of a now he had returned from a in vain. ride farmer's boy, which fitted him for a on horseback; it had been a typi- When he had reached his twentieth future full of adventures and hard- cal August day and now, at evening, \ear he left ships. His only recreation was to home and went West. heavy clouds began to gather and a After the spend an hour or two in the cool of many adventures he crossed storm promised to bring relief by mid- the e%-ening upon the waters of the line at the great lakes and lived for night. He walked down Middle Neck Sound, after a day's hard toil in the years among the Indians of Canada; Road, expecting to find the air cooler fields. Rowing- away from the shore here he became acquainted with the near the shoro '^»>o waters of the I'e would let his boat drift along while various dialects of the Algonquin Sound had not lost their old power he listened to the noise of the water tribes. He forget civilization, amass- over him and he decided to row to and the chirping of the birds and thus ing a fortune in the fur trade. But one Execution Rocks Lighthouse. On the became familiar with many secrets of thing he could never fully forget—that way his mind was occupied by recol- nature. These evening hours had a black rock in the Sound. Many a night lections, his boyhood and later life great fascination for the boy. One while lying awake in his wigwam tn passed in review, and he did not notice night h.e was surprised by a storm; the wilds of the far-northern forests, a dense mist settling over the water. he had not noticed the change in the he vainlv tried *" <;olve the mystery. The rolling thunder made him look up atmosphere and the storm was upon The years rolled bj- and his hair was and around and he realized that he had him without any warning. He tried now white. No matter how long a lost all direction. The night grew his best to reach the shore but _the man may have been away from home darker and the storm broke loose with boat was hard to manage in the angrUy ' some day the memory of that place full force; the boat drifted along with splashing waters; it was driven down wiU stand out so clearly that he is the water for some time. A flash of the Sound, and while passing a rock, compelled to overcome all obstacles and lighting enabled him to see an object against which the waves dashed furious- return to it, to see once more the place ahead of him; he hoped that it might j ly, ' he thought that he heard the sound where he has spent his childhood days. ^ be the lighthouse ; the next flash, how- of a human voice between the thunder This happened to Captain C. and he ever, showed it to be a steep, bare rock, crashes. He forgot his perilous situa- obeyed wilUngly. and the boat was alarmingly close up tion, all his senses were concentrated We meet him again on the paternal to it. The memory of that mysterious upon that black rock. The sky was of farm on Manhasset Neck. His parents rock of long ago flashed through the an inky color, but when now a flash of had closed their eyes many years ago. captain's mind; a moment later the lightning tore the darkness, the figure His younger brother lived now in the boat was thrown against the rock and j of a human being seemed to stand on old home; the captain decided to live capsized. Holding on to the upturned top of the rock; all disappeared in a with him and his fprni'-- This was the vessel, he managed to keep above 16 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT

water until the sky was lit up again. wolf bands; they also fled over to our in peace. His brother's family still island He noticed that the rock fell off grad- and settled west of the goose- lives on Manhasset Neck. The project ually on one side and be pushed the band. Their totem was the wolf; the recently mentioned in the papers, to Dutch called boat in that direction. Leaving the boat them bears or Canarsee. construct a lake, which is to take the in a fairly secure position in a split in The Maereckkaak found themselves place of the Long Island Sound, has the rock, he climbed up. crowded and renewed their warfare vividly brought back to their minds upon Exhausted, Captain C. stood still. my people; they drove them the adventure of their relative, for if along the Amidst the howling of the storm he north shore; at Nesaquake it be carried out, it will give to his imagined he heard the wailing of a there was a place of slaughter; at Se- strange acquaintance, Sohquompuo, the tauket human voice. Forgotten was his exhaus- they dispersed them in consecu- rest which he has been longing for for tive tion, danger and storm. He ran into the attacks; at Unkechaug or Patchoag ages. dark until he stumbled; a flash, fol- they were finally driven apart and fell lowed by a terrible crash revealed the in a snare; at Secatoag was the hid- figure of a man with outstretched ing place of the last who remained of THE INDIANS. arms. The mystery of the black rock their number. was to be solved; tlie half century "The Canarsee were less cruel to my The Maereck or Maereckkaak; i. e., which had passed since that night was people. They allowed them to remain Goose band, a tribe of the Delaware wiped away, he was ready to face any- among them. One band was called by family, on coming over from Staten them Mispat; that is, thing in order to succeed. As sudden a separate peo- Island, made a village on the extreme ple. as the storm had set in it died out They were not captives, but they western end of Long Island, which was again and the moon broke through the were without the power of alienation. known as Maereckkaakwick or Mary- The Jamaica black clouds, flooding the rock with were of the same class. chkenkwickingh; i. e., the place of the silvery light. The captain walked They had given up their land without Maereckkaak. They occupied the ter- resistance. toward the dark shape, it was the fig- At Keshkechqueren, or the ritory of the town of Brooklyn with ure of an Indian. His arms, before bay, and at Rechhouwhacky they had the exception of Bedford and Rinnega- villages stretched out, had fallen down on his of their own tribe. The goose- conck (Wallabout village); and New sides. The Indian broke the silence; band started a village near here, at Utrecht and Midwout (the original the stones, his words sounded strange at first, but which was called Sintsink town of Flatbush). The Maereckkaak or the captain, familiar with the dialects Matinecoc, and another at the great also sold to the Dutch Ward's and river. of the various Algonquin tribes, could This was called Marospinck, or Blackwell's Islands. grasp the meaning of most sentences. Matsepe. Later on the tribes on the They were followed by another Dela- The stranger said: Fishers' Hook took the last of my peo- ware band, which had been located on ple "It was a night like this, when," under their protection. The east- the New Jersey shore, west of Staten vil- pointing to the water all around, "the ern tribes had come from the main Island. This band established a called rocks were swept away; down the across the Sound. They landed at lage on Jamaica Bay, which was Keshkechqueren; i. e., at the bay. They Sound they went, tearing away large Corchaug, the old place; afterward they occupied Flatlands, New pieces of land. Hundreds of men, spread over the pine lands, and be- Gravesend, Lots, Bushwick, Bedford, Rinnega- women and children were killed. Hob- came thus known as Sinnecox. When the conck, Jamaica, Newtown and part of bamock had told me, while I was lying whites bought their land they called Hempstead. They also sold Governor's in my wigwam half asleep, to warn the most eastern band Montauk, or Island to the Dutch, which latter called the women and children, those toward the east, or sunrise. An- but I had not Bears or Canarsee. Barren Island the courage other band, on Shelter Island, they them to go upon the water; the and Coney Island together were prob- waves knew as Manhanset; that is, the were angry, and I fled toward on ably a secure place for the women of the middle island. of the island. Many died; the tribe. Barren Island was called by all are dead—dead for long, "Manhattan Island suffered terribly. a long the Dutch t' beeren eylandt; i. e., the time; The people fled from it, *Shoquompuo alone is alive. crying out Island of the Bears, and the name Manetto—that is, Hobbamock says he cannot find rest god, for they knew Coney Island may come from Konooh, a not what had until the rocks come back again. My befallen them. It was bear. people had a tradition that where we supernatural; way beyond their com- The Canarsee made a new village at now stand was the shore of a lake, prehension. The island still bears the Rockaway Bay, called Rechouwacky; name Manette, which extended eastward beyond Pau- or Manhattan. When i. e., "place of their own people," dis- the palefaces manack, the Fishers' Hook. Many came, the Indians had tinguishing it thus as a place where hundreds of years ago this lake was a few small places upon that island men of their own tribe resided, in op- destroyed, and the water, rushing down to give shelter during the hunting sea- position to Mispat and Jamaica, which toward the open sea, broke the land son. At the time of the flood, they places were occupied by men of con- into pieces all along on its way. It had fled to the northern limit of their quered tribes. The Dutch considered formed many islands, which the pale- territory, and that part of the band the Rechouwhacky or Rockaway band faces have named Fishers, Gull, Plum, which stayed there became known as to be a separate tribe, but the Canar- Manhattan, etc., islands; it also made Wecquaeskeek. Those who came south see chief, Penawitz, i. e. "one of a a channel, or what you call the East again were known as Manhattan, different tongue or country," sold all River; a chain of rocks across the rhey had a village at their original the land of the entire tribe to the Sound was all that remained here of place, or what you call Tonkers. They Dutch in 1640. the limits of the shore of the lake. About the time were of the Wappinger tribe. The Tracts of land within were granted by Director when the first paleface came to this VVappinger and my people, the Ma- the Canarsee Kieft in 1642 to Tymen Jansen continent, way down in the South, far, touwacs, were of the Mahican nation. General Dominie's Hoek, in 1643 to the far from here, Hobbamock was angry The Maereckkaak and Canarsee were behind Rev. Francis Doughty and others at at my people, but he did not want to Delawares, or Leni Lenape. They Mispat, to Anthony Jansen from Salea destroy the and children. were called Souwenos, because they women He Gravesend, to Burger Jorissen and sent the rocks came from the southwest, and the at down the Sound, the Richard Brutnell at Dutch Kills, In waters tore away pieces from our land which they had taken from my 1644 to Gysbert Op Dyck at Coney island, which fragments the palefaces people was called *Sowanohke, or Suanhacky. In later times the Mae- now call Ward's, Blackwell's and Gov- The Maereckkaak soon felt the need ernor's also reckkaak, or Maereck, removed from Islands. Randall's Island of a larger territory, being closed in at their first place on the most western was torn from the main; Manhattan all by the water and the Canar- end sides Island was flooded so that few could of this island and settled among see; they renewed their warfare upon escape from it. Staten Island trem- their brethren, taking up their abode the tribe or tribes which had been bled all the time; the pieces of land on the Great South Bay. There they driven back into Queens County. Th« were thrown against it, be- became known as Merricoke, or 'Mer- four In when they " names of the tribes, thereafter came piled up in the Narrows, and ric' number and located in Suffolk, outside the waters, held up, ran over the The Captain had listened to the old of the Sinnecox confederation, tell the island. When the Dutch came here chief without interrupting him. Sud- story of the war. The Long Island they were told of this and they called denly the shrill whistle of a Sound tribes were driven along the north side the place Stooten Eylandt, which steamer broke the charm. He looked of the island; at Nesaquake was a place means the island which was tossed. in the direction from whence the noi.se of slaughter; at Setauket they were The goose-band, living upon it fled over came. When he turned his eyes back scattered; at Unkechaug or Patchoag the pieces of land, which were pressed his bronze-colored friend had vanished. thev fell into a pit or snare; at in the Narrows, to the westerly end of The first signs of the new day ap- Secatoag was the hiding place of those our island, and drove my people away. peared. that remained of their number. They made a village there, which was He felt a chill run down his spine, The Maereckkaak established in their known as Maereckkaakwick; that is, his limbs were stiff and with diffi- new territory a village on the water- River. the place of the gray goose-band. culty he reached the boat, and rowed way now known as Massapeaque Marossepink, Island was later occupied by back to Sands Point Light. The cap- This place they called Staten another one men of the Manhattan tribe, who tain spoke to his relatives about the Matsepe or Massapeaque; off Cow Neck they named called it Aquehonga Monacknong; that adventure of that night. His wish was near the rocks or Matinecoc. In 1639, Mech- Is, the abandoned place of the goose- fulfilled, the mystery was solved. He Sintsink sachem of Marossepink, band. Westward from Staten Island, never again tried to find the rock. Not owodt, chief and its dependencies, sold all on the Jersey coast, lived one of the many years later he closed his eyes Sintsink the territorv of the tribe in Queens chiefs of •Sohquompuo—Fainthearted, coward. •Land of those from the Southwest. County to the Dutch. The Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 17

^ouv^eMOi

The dotted line on the map indicates the boundary between the Souwenos and Mattouwacks, which is identical with the Suffolk County line. However, the Matinecoc and Massapeague had, during the War of 1643, retreated into the lands of the Nesaquake and Secatoag and remained in possession of parts of these tracts. The Eastern tribes, on taking the four old Long Island tribes under their protection, would have sent the invaders back to their own territories, but were probably prevented by the English from doing so. For it would have established the title of the Dutch to the territory of the town of Oyster Bay beyond a doubt, as the Dutch had purchased all the lands belonging to the Matinecoc and Massapeague in 1639. But now these tribes occupied lands in Suffolk County, to which they held no other title save by squatter-right, and the English acquired these lands. On the strength of this purchase the English could lay claim to other lands held by the two tribes and on this base they constructed their claim to parts of the town of Oyster Bay.

Maereckkaakwick sold their land with- in 1664, and Bedford in 1670. New leader of the Eastern tribes, about 1652, in the town of Brooklyn in the following Utrecht was again sold in 1652 by the he being the most trusted among the year and the band removed to Najack, Maereckkaak, Hempstead in 1643, etc. chiefs on the island, had to append his in the town of New Utrecht. In 1643 Kanapaukah was the waterland of mark to most deeds for land within the the war broke out, and after peace be- the Bears, along the East River, ill the territory of the four protected tribes, ing restored in 1645, Seysey and two t<^wn of Newtown, the later "Water- as well as on other places on the is- other chiefs sold the land within the tide" or Ravenswood. land. When Tackapousha was chosen town of New Utrecht to the Dutch and The Sinnecox confederation embraced chief sachem of the Western tribes, in removed to the land along the south the Montauk, Shinnecock, Corchaug 1656, the Secatoag formally joined their side, in Queens County, and we find and Manhasset tribes. Their first abode union; the Canarsee were reduced by them recorded as Merric, or Merri- seems to have been the Corchaug ter- this time to a small number. In 1660 coke, with a village at Hicks Beach. ritory; this name denotes "the old." Takapousha is called by the Dutch Director General Kieft granted a par- When the plantation of Southold was the "Chief of the Savages on Long Is- in- cel of land within the bounds of Mae- established it was named South Old, land." In 1669 Governor Lovelace reckkaakwick as early as 1G39 to Thom- to describe its location. The eastern quires whether Takapousha, of Massa- of as Bescher, near Saphorakan, at Go- tribes spread later out over the Pine peague, had a right to sell the lands wanus; this land, however, had been region and became then known as .Sin- the Matinecoc, in 1643, and whether the purchased some years prior, by indi- necox. Their entire territory was later Montauk chief, by conquest, had power viduals, from the Indians. In 1640, land covered by "the three Plantations," to dispose of said lands. The Hemp- that was granted to Frederick Lubbertsen viz.: Easthampton, Southampton and stead people replied later, in 1671, by the near the Indian village; in 1641, to Jan South Old, the last named including the Takapousha was Intrusted the and Pieter Monfort next to Rinnega- later towns of Riverhead and Shelter Matinecoc to sell their land, and Great Sa- conck; in 1642, to Cornelius Lambert- Island. sale was confirmed by the Cool, at Gowanus, and to Claes of Easthamp- chem of Montauk. About 1677 Taka- sen The deed of the town An- Cornelissen Schouw, near the ferry; in ton of 1648 was signed by the chiefs of pousha appeared before Governor as far east as 1643, to Wouter Van Twiller, at Red these four tribes; the chiefs are .said dios for all the Indians, the four Hook, and to Jacob Wolphertsen, near to have been brothers. In 1645 the Shin- Unkechaug; i. e. all except the Navy Yard, etc. r.ecock chief appeared before the Dutch Eastern tribes. The Indians on the eastern end of Governor, representing the four tribes The Indians applied the name Mat- the island and the conquered tribes weaker tribes, touwac to the island, the Dutch Ge- and the neighboring a called the Maereckkaak and Canarsee Setauket, Nesaquake, Unkechaug and broken Land or Broken Land, is an act passed in "Souwenos;" i. e., people from the Secatoag, which they had taken under translation of it. By Island was sf uthwest and the territory occupied their protection. Three years later, in 1693 the name of Long this name be- by them, Sowanohke;" i. e., land of the the Easthampton deed, the Manhasset changed to Nassau, but Souwenos. The Dutch gave the name chief appears to be the leader, and came soon obsolete. of sewan or zewand to all shell money, after that Wyandance, the Montauk while the English used the word wam- chief, takes this position, and he, re- pum. Thus the Dutch understood spected by the Indians, the English DUTCH AND ENGLISH CLAIMS. Sowanohke or Suanhacky (Delaware) and the Dutch alike, held this place the earliest set- to denote the land of shell money, 1. e. as long as he lived. From the time of Sewanhacky, and the latter name ap- Thus the whites found the Indians tlement on Long Island until the sur- on deeds for land in Kings of the Island divided into three dis- render of the colony of New Nether- pears end County of 1636. These deeds were for tinct parts. In Kings and Queens land to the English, the western jurisdic- three "flats" in the bay, called Caste- Counties were the Canarsee and Mae- of the Island was within the and for land at Gowanus. In 1637 reckkaak, collectively known as Sou- tion of the Dutch, whose claim in- teuw, which Governor's Island, Blackwell's Island, wenos and their territory as Sowan- cluded the town of Oyster Bay. Ward's Island and Rinnegaconck were ohke. The Canarsee were divided into claim, however, was disregarded by first proper and Rockaway; living ' purchased by individuals, and the Canarsee the English. . •„ Ja- . in purchase of land by the Government; among them were the Mispat and The Plymouth Company issued, was maica bands. The Maereckkaak were Charles I, letters i. e., the West Indian Company, 1635, by order of first as Maereck or Maereck- Sterling, made in 1638 for the territory of the known at patent to William, Earl of in Kings town of Bushwick. kaak at Maereckkaakwick, for the entire Island. Sterling exe- Merric or Merri- The Canarsee and Maereckkaak sold County, and later as cuted in the following year a power of lands on the condition that they coke, and Matinecock and Massapeague James Farrett, to dispose their western part attorney to to be permitted to remain there- in Queens County. In the on Long Island. Four years were conquered of lands to plant corn, to fish and hunt. of Suffolk County were the His grandson, who on, Nesaquake, later the Earl died. Certain parts were set aside for their tribes, known as Setauket, had succeeded him, survived him but continued occupancy Unkechaug and Secatoag. These and surrendered use, and through were a few months. Their heirs acquired a certain title to these the Mispat and Jamaica bands the Crown. tliey Matou- the grant for the Island to regions—by squatter right. When the probably the survivors of the on the eastern end were these inhabited the The settlers land became more settled and wacs, who formerly had themselves, and regulated their farm land, In the eastern part of left to sections were required for entire island. accordingly. Purchases of land whites to do County were the Montauk, affairs the best thing for the Suffolk made by the towns and were in purchase these plots again; Shinnecock, Corchaug and Manhasset, were was to later years confirmed by the governors with Conorasset; 1. e., collectively called Sinnecox; their ter- this was done appointed bv the Duke of York. Van the Bears on Ja- ritory was called Paumanack. the planting land of Donck savs: In 1640 a Scotchman the town of Jamaica, The Maereckkaak and the Canarsee der maica Bay, by Long Island. In 1647 Captain greater portion of the sold their lands independent from each claimed and with the Canarsee Andrew Forester of Dundee, Scotland, town of Middelburgh or Newtown. The other; the deeds read: The claimed Long Island for the Dowager Canarsee also sold, after they had re- chief sells, or else the chiefs of Mary- of Sterling. In 1660 Charles II ascended Sintsink: i. e.. kenwickingh sell; there was no com- tired to Staten Island, England, and Winthrop, be confounded munion among these two tribes. When the throne of Helfgate "Neck (not to ] the the Governor of the Colony of Connec- with the Sintsink of the Maereckkaak),! Wyandance of Montauk became —

18 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. ticut, was sent to England to obtain POLITICAL DIVISION OF THE County. Kings and Queens Counties a charter. In 1662 he received a char- were named in compliment to King ter covering the territories of the colo- ISLAND. Charles and his wife. Staten Island nies of Connecticut and New Haven, was made a county by itself and named and now the colony which became later After the surrender of New Nether- Richmond. Richmond was the title of known as Connecticut Colony, laid land to the British, Long Island was a son of Charles. claim to Long Island, as being one of In 1788 the towns were recognized by incorporated with the Colony of New the islands adjacent. the laws of the newly established State In 1664, in the month of January, York. In 1665, Governor NicoUs called of New York. The division of the Major John Scott came to Long Island together delegates of the several towns Island Into three counties, made in with some royal authority, and formed to meet at Hempstead. At this assem- 1683, remained in force until Greater a combination of the English villages bly Long Island and Staten Island were New York City came Into existence, Hempstead, Gravesend, Flushing, New- created into a "shire" called Yorkshire, which took in, of Long Island territory. town, Jamaica and Oyster Bay—with and the Duke's laws were formulated Kings County and a large part of himself as president. On March 12, 1664, at this occasion. Yorkshire was di- Queens County. In 1899 Queens County Charles II granted, by letters patent, vided into three ridings like its name- was divided. The part included within to his brother, James, the Duke of sake in England. These were divisions the greater city retained the old name York, the country occupied by the of territory for the convenience of the Queens County and the remainder was Dutch, together with Long Island. The courts, implied in the Saxon word "try incorporated as the County of Nassau. Duke appointed Colonel Richard Nlc- things," long since called ridings. The LONG ISLAND'S POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. Year

oils governor, and to him New Nether- "shires" in England were also called land was surrendered by the Dutch on counties, because they were governed August 27, 1664. by a count or earl. The word shire is derived from Anglo-Saxon "sciran" to cut or divide, and means "division." "York" is derived from "Ure" and THE ENGLISH TOWNS. "wic." Ure was the name of a part of the river later known as "Ouse." "Wic" Lyon Gardiner was the first settler means a village. In Anglo-Saxon the on the eastern end of the Island, locat- name was Eurewic; the old Roman ing on Gardiner's Island In 1639. South- was Eboracum. old and Southampton were settled in The several towns had up to this time existed without having their bounda- 1640, Easthampton in 1648, Shelter ries properly fixed. The settlers of a Island in 1652, Oyster Bay and Hun- district came together from time to tington in 1653, Brookhaven in 1655 and time to regulate their local affairs, and Smithtown in 1663. Each town was these men, associated for the purpose of government, in the beginning a colony by itself, in- constituted the town. Now the towns were recognized and dependent of each other. After a few were required to take out patents for years they voluntarily placed them- the lands within their boundaries, selves under the protection of the New which the towns themselves, or else the England colonies. Southampton ob- West India Company, had purchased from the Indians. tained, in 1644, the protection of Con- After the reconquest of the colony by necticut; Easthampton in 1657, Brook- the Dutch, in 1673, the Island came soon haven in 1659 and Huntington in 1660. again into the possession of the Eng- Southold united, in 1648, with the New lish by treaty, and the Duke of York Haven colony, together with Shelter obtained a new patent for the province Island. When the colonies of New of New York in 1674. Haven and Connecticut were united, The present Suffolk County had con- in 1662, and a new charter was granted. stituted the East Riding. Hempstead Including in the territory "the islands Flushing, Jamaica and Oyster Bay the adjacent," Connecticut claimed Long North Riding, and the present Kings Island as one of these islands. This County, Newtown and Staten Island claim had the support of the eastern the West Riding. In 1675 Staten Island towns. Oyster Bay also placed itself was separated from the West Riding. under the protection of Connecticut. In 1683 the first General Assembly The other English towns on the west- of the colony met and repealed some of ern end, within the Dutch jurisdiction, the Duke's laws, the ridings, also, were were trying to join this union, and then abolished, and the Island was re- the grant of 1664 to the Duke of York divided into three counties, viz., Kings, was made, and in the same year the Queens and Suffolk. The town of New- Colony of New Netherland was sur- town, formerly a part of the West Rid- rendered to the English. ing, was now made a part of Queens Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 19

the crease was mainly caused by the influx Netherlands, at the time when each caused no doubt the application of the of people into Brooltlyn and Willlams- settlement was begun, as Breukelen, name Grenewijck to this region, from burgli, where ropewalks and factories Amersfoort, Gravesend, New Utrecht, grenen (fir) and wijck (quarter, district had been built; the other towns were Middelburgh, etc. When settlements refuge, retreat). On Van der Donck's still farming districts. were started by single settlers locating map of New Netherland, 1656, is a Indian footpaths connected the shores here, nobody thought of selecting names settlement marked Greewijck, on the of the East River and Jamaica Bay. for the same—they were dots in an im- site of the later New Utrecht. Several mense They followed the line of least resist- wilderness—but within a short other localities received their names time localities ance through the flats or level lands, became known by spe- from this same word "grenen," as which had been the cornfields of the cific names. These names described the Greenpoint, from grenen punt or grenen location of Indians for many years, and these flats a settlement, generally point- hout-punt. Grenen Berghen, the hills ing out the white men were eager to possess. some pecuHar feature of the forming the boundary line between the ground, Along one trail settlements were estab- which served as a landmark. Towns of Newtown and New Lots, lished which were known as "het veer" Thus the present Flatlands was called were anglicized into Green Hills or "bouwery," or district of Achtervelt, i.e., Cypress Hills; or "The Ferry," Breukelen, Bedford, ; the cemeteries located Middelwoud and Nieuw Amersfoort; the bowery or plantation in the rear, upon them, viz.. Cypress Hills and the meaning in the rear of the hills, along another trail the Boswijck and from Cemetery of the Evergreens, are trans-

achter, , "het kruispad" settlements came into behind, and feld. field. lations of the original Dutch name, both existence. In 1636 several settlers bought One of the landmarks considered by having the same meaning. Bennett the lands from the Indians in Flatlands, Dutch of greatest importance, was and Bentyn's reasons for selecting the Flatbush and probably in Brooklyn. In 1638 the West India Company purchased the territory of the town of Bushwick and during the following two years the remainder of Kings and all of Queens County. The Indians had been friendly toward the settlers, and persuaded by them to do so, refused to pay any longer tribute to the Mohawks. They were attacked by the latter and were nearly extermi- nated. In the uprising against the Dutch in 1643 they sustained further losses, epidemics also reduced their numbers. When the second uprising of the In- dians in the colony occurred. In 1655, some of the settlers on the Long Island side of the East River wished to attack their red-skinned neighbors and to drive them from their planting lands. The remnant of the Canarsee tribe disposed of the lands which were in their pos- session, and which they claimed to own, and removed across the Narrows to Staten Island, and after a few years to other parts. The last one of the Can- arsee tribe died about 1800. Until 1636 the territory of the present Borough of Brooklyn had been a wilder- DE HEEBE GBACHT, OB GBAFT, ABOUT 1645. ness of marshes, hills and woods; a few "plains" with waterways on two sides were cultivated by the Indians. Such a forest of fir trees; It must be remem- Gowanus region for a plantation may plains were situated between Gowanus bered that the Netherlands depend, even be found not only in the condition of Creek and the Walboght; Gowanus to this day, upon other countries for the ground, but also in the nearness Creek and East River; Newtown timber. The low lands do not produce of the wooded ridges of New Utrecht; Creek and Bushwick Creek; Bedford strong and tall trees, and they have al- as the settlers needed building material Creek and Gerretsen's Creek. They ways had a great need of such trees, to erect houses, palisades, fences, etc. were traversed by the Indian trails from suitable for masts and planks for their The Dutch settlements originated by river to bay. There seem to have been many ships, as well as for building ma- individuals settling in a certain neigh- a few white squatters located on the terial. Thousands of majestic fir trees, borhood, each one by himself, and as western end of the island then, but doc- taken from the Black Forest, are an- these settlers became more numerous umentary Tiroofs are lacking. nually floated down the Rhine to sup- the Director General appointed magis- It has been the general belief that ply the demands of the Netherlands. trates, with more or less power, as he the towns founded under the Dutch on The wooded ridges on the northern judged proper in each case, without Long Island were named after towns in border of the Town of New Utrecht, any uniformity as to their number or ' - .. 20 ^:^^^^}±^2^~LmGJ^^ EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. that tL°1»fA ^''^"" <^"*J' ^a« t° see '^'""•'' ^^''^ Boswijck and New Utrecht fenceslences kpn^f ^"'"''"^ ^"-^ the wi.i TOWN kept in repair, to open a mm- "''"^'' a separate dis- OF BROOKLYN. McP unr^'ll^^-^^"^ *^<^ -t?lemtnt. " appellation of "The Five More than ^r^cterect "TV^rlT'''a "o Dutchn" f 'i,^Towns." fifty years ago the theory blockhouse or other niihlin A register was com- missioned by the ^^'^'^Pt^'i f^^t ?hl *° the dlvisl^on'of Governor for this dis- townrof^R'^'^J'^; the''an^ds'V>,"l°^ine lands, trict, to take Amersfoort which were held In the proofs of all docu- New Ut/e.Kr"''^'^"' and mon provide com- ments, which "^'"^d after towns for the security of were required to be re- in 7hethe xw? T"'''! the corded at the Netherlands. The three names ^"'"^^ ^" differences "Office of Records," In CasesTn°lh''"H New lork City, °^ t'^'' NetherSs! °* fifty where certificates were fn'"?he''n°e" IH? ";i^P or overov^pr J""? ^!^™^ guilders issued °f Amsterdam, were in dispute could with the seal of this office. This ^euLn^^^^°''^''°'^ as be ao- was °" "^P °f New '""^ "'"-^^tor General and continued until 1690. The Five ^pii XT V"' Netherlind, Council.'° Dutch Towns f^^'^^^f^^^^sierdam. Believing that also formed an ecclesi- the first During: the astical chapter of the story was lack- first Indian War the scat society, and joined in the sup- ing, the port of writer has tried to find ^""^ "e^^" adv?sed by their ministers until the colle- the Kfe'ft t^™'"" giate ^^"'"^ P^'-t- ^«er the settlement '=°?'^^ntrate themselves, in system was abolished, about the tween be! 1644,IwIUhand again end Gowanus Cove and the in 1645. After the sppnnd of the eighteenth century. boght Wal- I had become known StuyveVantfssSed In 1S40 the Town of Williamsburgh as Breukeleu an"San order onoi *r"'^'^^ ^^""^ ''^ter Januarv 18, 1656 that vii was separated from Bushwick, and on ^= *.? i""' P'S''*^'' named, so ages were as to have three towns near to be fofmed n the spring January 1, 1852, the City of Williams- New Am- to reduce the danger i burgh ^'^^ of Indian attacks came into existence. In 1852 the SeS'am°'''"''^°"''*"^ ^° "^°^<= ' Town of '' '''" '^"^ Anal order New Lots was separated from ?amecame to'th^'fto the settlements in farmers to remove Flatbush. On January 1, the colony of houses, their 1855, the NewNrJ''\??uNetherland goods and cattle before thP Cities of Brooklyn and Williamsburgh had been made unde- Patroons," and -'est'?/;'i^idd'le and the Town of Bushwick were con- the Manors of Zwaan- ofipnffo'^^h^ ''^f/*'^ endal, Pavonia ^'"ages or settlements solidated, and incorporated as the City and Renselaerwijck had neaVllt nr^* , been granted convenient to them, of Brooklyn. In 1886 the Town in 1630 and 1631 This withwifh ?Lthe r.""?*^ or of New feudal previous approval of the Lots was anne.xed to this union, system was abolished in 1638 Di- fol- and the peneral to a favorably lowed, in 1894, by the privilege to hold and cultivate r i°J situated Towns of Flat- land ^ new^paUs^adld bush, Flatlands, New Utrecht and m allodial proprietorship was ex- vmagl'r'be'h^''"'^1 lage, to be hereafter^ tended to everybody, formed, where Gravesend. On January 1, 1898, Brook- Dutchmen and '*'^" lyn became foreigners alike. Whosoever shown .'n7''° ^PP'y shaTl be a borough of the City of should con- granted New York. vey besides himself five the T?- ^J^ suitable lots bv grown persons '''"'' The taxable to New Netherland was to be thus be'^hPtt ,*;°""^"- ^ho would property of the Five recog- ''"'''' nized as a *° P'^^tect their Dutch Towns in 1675 was valued at Colonist and could occupy good ^"'^JectssuhiP.t^^in case 200 acres of ^M?h of any difficulty £20,319, and taxed at 1 stuyver per land. If such settlements barbarians/ ot colonists should clauseClause T^lZit pound. The tax amounted to 1,015 guil- increase, municipal Ofof thet'hT'order led government tion to the formn™''' ders and 19 stuyvers, or £84 13s. 2d. In was promised. Manhattan of Boswijck Village. Island had 1676 the tax on £19,892.14, been reserved to the West at Id per India Company. ^^^ P^° most the £ilO ~ Total ojgjjgg suitable places in towns, hamlets Z and In the sketches villages, "as the Engli.sh are ^^"'^"'^"t^ carried of the several 'towns the in thIi''r^p^M """.^f on the population, habit of doing." In number of houses etc Kieffs com- *°"^"^- ot mission or brief of 1646 BreuVeTen "wlTch'^^'as a century ago—census of the name an- ""nou" given 1810—are pears as J3reuclcelen, for the sake of comparison with in the Nicolls bush, Mif^ut"?i^owTa^,ed"'J^Ta't^ present day charter ot 1667 as Brueckelen ^^^^^Nieuw Amersfoort, conditions: al.so, the num- On vn now called ber of rious other documents inhabitants in 1835 and 1840 we find- Breucklyne, Bruecklyn, Breucklyn —

Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 21

Breuklen, Broockeland, Broockland, ha.alets and villages, as the English nelis Van Tienhoven, on March 11, Brookland, Braycklandt, Breuk Land, are in the habit of doing." 1647, for a pieca of land which had teen Bruckland, Breuklin, Bruckllne, After peace was restored, in August, surveyed by the Surveyor, Adrian Hudde for Jan Aertsen, latter Bruycklyn. etc. 1645, a number of small farms came and the had failed to improve the land, the The first purchase of land in the into existence on both sides of the old location is described as follows: "Situ- town of Brooklyn is supposed to have Indian trail. To this distinct settle- ate in the allotment of Breukelen, for- at Gowanus, about 1636; the ment the name Breukelen was now been made merly called Marechkawick." deed, however, been lost. In 1639, applied and in June, 1646, the has About 1657 the lots in the settlement Cornells Lam- Director General and Council issued Thomas Bescher sold to were reduced from small farms to oc- pertsen Cool a plantation formerly house and garden lots and a more cupied by Jan Van Rotterdam. Jan, compact village was established. being indebted to the West India Thompson remarks in his History of Company at the time of his death, the Long Island that there are on record land reverted to the company. The many references to a general town name of that locality was probably de- patent granted to Breukelen by Stuy- rived from Cowanes—briar, Genista vesant in 1657. tinctoria, a shrub used for dying pur- On February 9, 1660, an ordinance poses. The point of land on the south was passed in relation to the establish- side of Gowanus Bay was called by the ment of villages, and it became now Dutch 't Gheele Hoek, the later Yel- compulsory for the farmers to remove low Hook, probably on account of the to the villages. Stuyvesant's order great abundance of yellow blossoms on says: "We have war with the In- these bushes, which may have attract- dians, who have slain several of our ed the attention of the man who named Netherland people." An order of Feb- follows: this piece of land, or else they trans- ruary 23, 1660, reads as it is necessary that lated the name used by the Indians into "Whereas highly THE GOWANUS STONE HOUSE. the lately formed villages of Breuke- their own language. 'T roode hoek, or VIEW IN 1848. len and L'trecht be surveyed, enclosed Red Hook, may have received its \\ ith palisades, and put in a good state name for similar reasons. Hoog- Roode of defense as quickly as possible, ties, or Red Heights, was the name of a proclamation, wherein they said, therefore the Director General and an elevated ground on Red Hook. that "whereas on May 21st, Jan Evert- Council have hereby specially commis- Rhode is been Island supposed to have sen Bout and Huyck Aertsen from Ros- sioned and authorized the Honorable named Block, "de roode by Adriaen sum, were unanimously chosen by those Nicasius de Sille, Councillor and Fiscal eylandt," on account of the redness of interested in Breukelen, situate on of New Netherland, to have this nee- Long Island, as schepens to decide all ersary work quickly done, using all questions which may arise, as they possible means and making such ar- think :^^' sl'all deem proper, according to the Ex- rangements thereto as he shall emptions of New Netherlands, granted test for the public good and the inhab- to particular colonies, which election is ita,nts especially." sulJscribod by them, with express stip- The motto in the corporation seal of ulation that if anyone refuse to submit Brooklyn, "Eendraght maakt maght," in the premises aforesaid to the above- is a free translation of the Latin motto mentioned Jan Evertsen and Huyck in the seal of the Republic of the Seven Aertsen, he shall forfeit the right he I'nited Provinces of Holland: "Con- claims to land in the allotment of cordia res parvae crescunt," which lit Breukelen, and in order that e<(»,'ry erally means "By unity little things thing may be done with more author ii.crease." The motto in its Dutch form ity, we, the Director and Council afore- i', found as early as 1556 in the coat of said, have therefore authorized and ap- ai'ms of William the Silent, Prince of the THE OLD DE HART OR BERGEN HOUSE, pointed and do hereby authorize the Cirange. When the Republic of said Jan Evertsen and Huyck Aertsen Seven United Provinces of Holland was Near 36th Street. Gowanus. View in !863. to be schepens of Breukelen, and in formed, in 1579, William of Orange was case Jan Evertsen and Huyck Aertsen invited to become its leader. do hereafter find the labor too onerous, The Dutch motto in the seal of the foliage at the time of his visit to they shall be at liberty to select two Brooklyn proves that the seal came this neighborhood. Red Hook in more from among the inhabitants of into use during the Dutch administra- years Dutchess County is said to have been Breukelen to adjoin them to them- tion, as its adoption in later named Roode Hoek by the Dutch on selves. We charge and command every would have brought the displeasure of account of a marsh near by being cov- ered with ripe cranberries, when first ^^^. seen. In 1637, Kakapoteyno, "the Crow," and Penhawis, as owners of the dis- trict, sold to Joris Jansen de Rapalie, a piece of land at the Walboght, called Rinnegaconk, from woonkag-onck "at the crooked place;" i. c, at the bend. In 1640, Director General Kieft granted to Frederick Lubbertsen the land at Werpos, between Red Hook and The Ferry. The Cripplebush Patent was granted in 1654 to settlers located at the Walboght; at Bedford a settle- ment was started in 1663; some of the Canarsee chiefs, who had removed to Staten Island, laid claim to the land, and the town of Brooklyn purchased it from them. Bedford is probably angli- cized from Bestevaar; i. e., :?randsire or old man ('s place), named thus after some patriarch who was tilling the ground here, before the land was ac- quired by the town, in 1663; Marcus du Susoy had a plantation near this re- gion, in the Cripplebush. Ilipetonsa; FREEKE'S MILL, WITH YELLOW MILL IN DISTANCE. 1. e., high sandy bank, was, according to Schoolcraft, the Indian name of Brooklyn Heights. inhabitant of Breukelen to acknowl any one of the English Governors upon During the Indian uprising of 1643, edge and respect the above-mentioned the town. Thus the seal must have most of the plantations on Long Island Jan Evertsen and Huyck Aertsen as been created by Stuyvesant, for under were destroyed, the houses burned down their schepens, and if anyone shall be his rule a voluntary adoption of it and many people were slain. The home found to exhibit contumaciousness to- was out of question; all matters of this government urged the Director General wards them he shall forfeit his share kind were regulated by the authori- and Council to do all in their power to as above stated. On December 1st of ties on Manhattan Island. The be- Induce the colonists to "establish them- the same year Jan Teunissen was ap- stowal of the motto in the seal of the selves on some of the most suitable pointed Schout of Breukelen, and thus Fatherland upon the settlement shows places, with a certain number of in- the town was established, in 1646. In that the founding of the Bruykleen habitants, in the manner of towns, the patent granted to Secretary Cor- colony was looked upon by the Gov- 22 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

ernor as the beginning of a new era New Amsterdam, made in 1653, that the year, in the colonization of New Netherland. Breukelen, Amersfoort and Mid- city should have a seal, wrote to Stuy- wout In the absence of positive proof, cir- obtained full municipal govern- vesant: "We have decreed that a seal ment. cumstantial evidence is admissible, and Breukelen had now four schep- for the City of New Amsterdam shall ens instead thus it must be remembered of two, Midwout had three, that Stuy- be prepared and forwarded." vesant in 1660 isoued an order directing The seal Amersfoort two, and there was a Su- was sent across the sea, and in perior all Colonists to remove from their ex- De District Court, composed of cember of the same year the Director delegates posed farms and to concentrate them- from each town court, to- General delivered to the selves within the neighboring towns, presiding Bur gether with the schout. j gomaster. Mart. Crigier, the painted The face He then laid out Bushwick, naming it of the country in the town coat of arms with the seal of New of "Boswijck." This name signifies a col- Am Brooklyn was broken and uneven, sterdam and the Silver Signet, which lection of small things, packed close the soil of various qualities, along the was sent by the Directors. inci together (bos) and refuge (wljck). This New York Bay considerably stony, but dent have to I'latbush, also settled under Stuyve- may caused Stuyvesant favorable for agriculture, and the gen- create also seal for the sant, but prior to Bushwick, was a Bruykleen oral character of the soil rather light, colony. though known as 't Vlakkebos, and also aa productive. Breukelen, the Middelwoud or Midwout. The first In response to a letter of Adrian name of the town in the Netherlands, name means a collection of small Kogeman, Secretary of the Courts of denotes "marshy land," and is also ap- things packed close together on the Midwout, Amersfoort, Breukelen and propriate for the site of the original plain, and the second name means New Utrecht, Stuyvesant issued an or Long Island village. The name Brook- surrounded by forest. The two words der on February 14, 1664, "to take care land was applied by the English to seem to have formed a compound name that no deed or mortgage of any piece thf town, it being a free translation of in the earliest days. The motto in of land, house or lot be passed, of thF Dutch name. The tow.i of Breuke- len was organized in 1646, Brooklyn vil- lage was incorporated as a fire dis- trict In 1801, and as a village in 1816, and the City of Brooklyn in 1834. Be- sides Breukelen there were other set- tlements within the town limits, known as Gowanis or Gowanus, Bedford, Kreupelbosch or Cripplebush, Het Veer or the Ferry, Walboght or Wallabout, Roode Hoek or Red Hook, Gheele Hoek or Yellow Hook, and in later times there were sections known as South Brooklyn, North Brooklyn, East Brook- lyn, West Brooklyn and New Brook- lyn. The Dutch church was organized in 1060, when the population consisted of 134 pei'sons, in thirty-one families. The congregation used a barn for a place of worship until 1666, when a church edifice was erected in the middle of the tcwn road. A new structure was built on the same site in 1706, a third one on Joralemon street in 1810, which was replaced by a fourth one on the same site; this, too, has been removed and the church has been transplanted to another section. m^^^^ As early as 1642 a rowboat ferry was operated by Cornells Dircksen between SECOND BREUKELEN CHUBCH EDIFICE, ERECTED 1706. t anhattan Island and Long Island, with landing places on both shores on ground owned by this farmer. In 1654 the seal "Eendraght maakt maght" is which no proper patent can be pro- the municipal government of New Am- usually translated Unity makes duced, so that our good inhabitants sterdam took over the control of the strength. Still, we have seen that the may not be cheated and misled, for ferry, and in 1699 a new ferry house motto is a free translation of the Latin deeds and mortgages of property for was erected by the corporation at the motto, which literally translated means which no patent has been issued are Long Island shore. The illustration "By unity little things increase." The null and void. In passing deeds, mort- shows the little ferry house and the man who selected the phrase for the gages, etc., you will use the seal sent new stone building, the barn and the seal's motto would also coin the names herewith until further orders." This cattle pen. In 1707 new landing places of Boswijck and Midwout. The phrase- probably was the seal later known as were established on the New York side. ology is very similar. the seal of the City of Brooklyn, but On Mondays and Thursdays the boats In 1654 the Directors of the West originally used for all the territory of landed at Countess Key (Maiden lane), India Company at Amsterdam, refer- the Bruykleen colony. on Tuesdays and Fridays at Burgher's ring to a request of the burghers of| In the month of April of the same path (Hanover square), and on

FERRY LANDING, LONG ISLAND, 1740. Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 23

Stuyvesant appointed Jan To- Wednesdays and Saturdays at Coenties 1706 at £3,112, and the tax amounted to In 1659 to the office of Sergeant, to Slip. In 1717 two ferries were estab- £41; the valuation in 1810 was $1,175,- massen lished, running from the original Long 529; in 1824 it was $2,600,000, and the tax keep order in the village, and Jacob Island landing, the present Fulton amoimted to $7,000; In 1834 the valua- Van Corlear was soon after made the street, the one was called the Nassau tion was $7,257,473. Secretary of New Utrecht. In the fall Ferry, which carried passengers as well of 1659, when a renewal of troubles as goods and cattle to the three slips with the Indians was expected, the Fis- mentioned; the other, called the New cal gave order to fortify his house, York Ferry, conveyed only passengers TOWN OF NEW UTRECHT. which was the only one within the and goods to the slip at Burgher's path town having a tilea roof. The house, and to "the great dock" at Broad Cornells Van Werckhoven, a director forty-two feet long, together with the street,, the former "heeregracht." The of the West India Company, purchased garden, was now surrounded with high Long Island Ferryhouse, erected in on November 22, 1652, from Seiseu and palisades, set close together, as a I'jPS, was burned down, supposedly by Mattano, chiefs and owners, the terri- place of refuge for the townspeople. incendiaries about 1747, and a new tory of the later town of New Utrecht, On February 6, 1660, Stuyvesant visited stcme building was erected in 1749 by "as the same has previously been the village In company of the Fiscal; the corporation of New York. It was bought on behalf of the Honorable the latter had given to the town a flag used as a tavern and was known as Company, and tor which payment was of the Prince of Orange, which was house"; this building "the Corporation to be made yet." On December 1 of now hoisted on a pole in the center in 1812. The New was destroyed bv fire the same year he secured from Mat- of the village. The mottoes in the 1717, was York ferry established in tano, Mattaveno and Cossikan, on be- Prince's coat-of-arms and in the seal later discontinued and only one ferry half of themselves and as attorneys of the Bruyckleen Colony being iden- line was running for many years. In all other inhabitants and supposed tical, the hoisting of the flag repre- ferries were established, one for 1774, three the land now come into the sented the salute of the Long Island Slip, another to Fly Slip owners of to Coenties Colony to the Director General. (Maiden lane), and a third to Peck Slip, On February 23, the Fiscal was au- of the ferry. On the the original site thorized to have the lately formed vil- were now for some Long Island side lages of Breukelen and New Utrecht landing-places, one at "The years two surveyed, enclosed with palisades, and Old Ferry" and another at present At- put in a good state of defense. Per- lantic avenue, at Philip Livingstone's suaded by some of their fellowmen, AVharf. "The New Ferry" from Main the people of Utrecht tried to Brooklyn, to Catherine street. New street, the work, and the Fiscal asked York, was opened in 1795. delay New over, as William A.lrianse Bennett, one of the the Director General to send promised, some of the company's ne- first settlers, erected his house on Gow- groes, to do the work. This was grant- anus Cove; it was destroyed during the Indian War of 1643; on its foundations ed two days later, and the palisades was later the Schermerhorn Mansion were cut and set up. A blockhouse erected. The De Hart or Bergen house, was now ordered to be erected in the in the same neighborhood, was built center of the village, and a public some thirty years after the destruc- well dug, also a pound to be construct- tion of the Bennett house. The Vechte FULTON FERRY, 1840. ed for the cattle which may have Cortelyou or Gowanus stone house, was committed damage to any person. To built in 1699. The Debevoise mansion, the end that the village might be standing near the church, and later possession of Van Werckhoven by the quicker settled and built up, it was or- known as the Duffleld house, was de- foregoing act, their promise "to remove dered that whosoever be first ready to stroyed by fire in 1857; in the rear of immediately from the land now occu- build, should have a preference of the house was the burial place of the pied by them, called Naieck." After choice, even notwithstanding such per- DuflBeld family. The "old Gowanua starting a settlement at Nayack, which son's chance may have fallen to a dif- Mill were Mil!" and the Yellow Hook is called "Greewyck" on Van der ferent lot. Such plantations in the burned in 1776 by the British. The Donck's map, Van Werckhoven went town which were not as yet fenced, mill Gowanus Mill was the oldest with the intention of re- as well as village lots, were to bo the to Holland, r-tructure in the town, others were however, there in fenced. In the same year a horse-mill and Rem- turning. He died, Red Hook, Cole's, Luqueer's which had been in use in New Amster- mentioned stood at 1655. „ sen mills. The last Jacques Corteleau, the tutor of Van dam was purchased and set up near of the tide mill, built or near the site son, asked the Director the blockhouse. On December 22, 1661, the head of Wal- Werckhoven's at an earlv period at Council on January 16, town received a village charter. The Rapalje Mansion, General and the labout Bay. agent of the heirs of Cor- Adrian Hegeman, the successor of built of stone, was 1657, as the near the ferry, tor permission Schout Tonneman, took charge of New old Rem Lef- nells Van Werckhoven, taken down in 1S16. The Long Island, with Breukelen. Mld- Bedford, was torn down "to establish a village on Utrecht, together ferts house, at North River." His wout and Amersfoort, and Jan Tomas- the Leffert Lefferts house, near on the bay of the in 1840, being granted, he laid out and sen, Rutger Josten and Jacob Hella- by, in 1877 and the Nicholas Bloom request dividing it into kers were appointed Commissaries. house, which stood near these two Lef- surveyed the place, twenty-five morgen each. Van Corlear was directed to hand over ferts houses and had come mto the twenty lots of Utrecht, Schout all documents relating to possession of Leffert Lefferts in 1791, The village was named New to the birth- 24, 1662, the demolished in 1909. The land oc- in honor of Van Werckhoven's New Utrecht. On August was or the meadow cupied bv the Navy Yard was ceded place. Nicasius de Sille, the Fiscal Commissaries asked that the village by the State of New York to the Fed- Attornev General of New Netherland, land be divided between his eral Government in 1807. was among the settlers; he built and Navack. April 26, 1664, and In 1810, Brooklyn had a population house here in 1657, which stood for two In a letter dated to General Directors of the West of 4,402, and there were 400 houses, 50 centuries; in this building addressed to the in Stuy- 60 ships (brigs and schooners) docked WoodhuU expired from his wounds India Company, at Amsterdam, there tho set- annually at its wharves, and 1776. vesant states: "Concerning , ^ „„ were then 6 grain or tide mills, 3 maga- Stuvvesant granted on August 2i, tling and securing of both Long and of gunpowder, sev- the Narrows, the zines for storage 1657, to the newly begun village of New Staten Islands, near ropewalks, 1 Epis- time eral distilleries, 3 Utrecht, one hundred and thirty mor- orders have been carried out some copal stone church, 1 Reformed Dutch meadowland "on the east hook ago, by forming hamlets on both is- 1 gen of 1 Methodist church, Utrecht was stone church, of the bay of the North River, oppo- lands. The village of New 2 market houses, construct- Island, about a quar- poor house, site Coney Island." On August 13, laid out on Long of wood, and situated on the open travel inland from tho ed 1658, Anthony Jansen from Salee ter of an hour's spaces near the old and new ferries. that he there being no convenient estab- proved to the Director General Narrows, The one at the old ferry was nearer for the location of a vil- abolished had bought the aforesaid meadow from place lished in 1675, and both were about twenty-two County the Indians on September 26, 1651, and lage; it is settled by In 1814. The postofl!ice of Kings the Dutch principal as he had no other meadow for mak- to twenty-four families of was in this town, and was a hamlet not the stage ing hay, part of the meadow nearest or Netherland nation. A point of concentration for all begun on Staten Island the island. There to his house was given to him. yet named was and other roads on years ago, and has now A draw- It appears that Jacques Corteleau about two was one weekly newspaper. families of time contemplated was the owner of the neck of land about twelve to fourteen bridge was at this the Palatinate: with New York. called Navack, the site of the present Dutch and French from to connect Brooklyn hour's walk from sixtv-one freeholders with- Fort Hamilton. He also was a lot- it lies about half an There were being no more con- 1706. and in 1802 their holder in the village of New Utrecht, the Narrows, there in this to-rni in nearer the increased to eighty-six. and resided there, no doubt, during venient place for a village number had were provid- population of the town of BrooK- the last years of Stuyvesant's admin- water. Both these places The blockhouses for a Ivn was in istration. On his land, on the neck, ho ed with commodious Indians;' i. e., defense against the attacks of the sav- 1800 3,298 1SS5 25,312 ;,llowed th.? "Nayack 35.233 removed ages last summer: the blockhouses are 1810 4,402 1840 Manhattan Indians, who had 59.574 Island, to built by putting beam upon beam and 1820 7,175 1S45 to this place from Staten 96,838 their better defense are each pro- 1830 15,292 1850 remain for many years, where they for vided with two or three light pieces The taxable property was valued planted their corn. 24 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. of ordnance, of which one or two arf Church edifice, the taxable property commissary at "the Hope." At least pedereroes; the hamlet on Staten Is- was valued at $275,765; the population he laid claim to all three in later years, land, being the weakest, and too far was then in 907; 1835, 1,027; in 1840, though on account of the danger of at- to be relieved in time, is garrisoned 1,283. Neighborhoods in this town were tacks by the Indians, in an extremely with ten soldiers for its greater safety." Bay Ridge, Fort Hamilton, near the exposed position, he had never taken The Dutch Church was organized in United States grounds, and Bath on possession of the property. The patent 1S77. A stone edifice of octagonal Gravesend Bay. The latter was a fa- describes it as "situate on the east side shape was erected in 1700, surrounded vorite place for sea bathing, hunting of the bay, running into the North by the graveyard, on the Kings High- and fishing. The fortress known as River." way, and what is now Sixteenth ave- Fort Hamilton was constructed during In 1643 English settlers from Massa- nue; it was demolished in 182S. new the years 1824-1832, A Fort Lafayette chusetts came here; in 1645 they re- structure was built on the present site. was built upon Hendrick's Bluff, 200 ceived a general town patent, issued Eighteenth avenue, between Eighty- yards from shore, in 1812, and was orig- December 19, to Lady Deborah Moody and associates. The origin of this town differs from that of the Dutch towns. Gravesend was intended to be- come a commercial port. Ten acres of land were laid out and surrounded by palisades. When, however, it became evident that there was not sufficient depth for vessels of a larger class, the original plan was abandoned. The English settlers held religious services in the town and Stuyvesant stated that the inhabitants of Gravesend had more privileges than the exemptions gave to any Hollander. In 1655 the settlement was saved from destruction at the hands of the River Indians by a guard sent over from New Amsterdam. In the following year the inhabitants ob- tained three small cannon from the fort for their protection. In 1659 a mill was erected. Of the 7,000 acres of land in the town 3,500 were farm land, 500 woodland and the balance salt meadows and a ridge of sand hills near the seashore. It DUTCH CHURCH AND DE SILLE HOUSE, NEW UTRECHT. has been suggested that the town wa.s named after the former home of some of the original settlers, viz., Gravesend third and Eighty-fourth streets, and inally known as Fort Diamond. A few in England; another suggestion is that dedicated in 1S29. The old church edi- feet below the surface, at the Narrows, it was originally called "s'Graven- fice had been used by the British dur- was found, in 1837, more than a wag- sande," i.e., "the count's beach." Di- ing the Revolutionary War at various on-load of Indian arrow-heads. rectly opposite Gravesend, on the other times for a hospital and riding school. side of Lower New York Bay, are tlia The Simon Cortelyou house was built Navesink Highlands; along these high- long before that struggle, on the TOWN OF GRAVESEND. lands and the Navesink River the sand Shore road; in its rear was the burial A tract of 100 morgen of oppo- is of reddish color, ground of the Cortelyou family. This land a hence the name site Coney Island was given to An- "Red Bank" in this neighborhood. house was the headquarters of Lord On thony Jansen from Salee in 1639, and the Long Island shore the sand is a Howe after his landing in Gravesend of a patent for it was issued in 1644. This grayish color, and this fact may have Bay in August. 1776, for about a month. After Simon's death it came into the possession of one Napier, who transformed it into a tavern. After 'i.:n:.--^d«„ .- -ji"' i-iiSI- - Napier's death, Simon Cortelyou's son, Simon, became the owner and later on the Stillwell family owned the house. In 1892 the Federal Government pur- chased it, and finally it was destroyed by fire in 1901. The Van Pelt Manor house was built about the latter part of the seventeenth century, and is still standing on Eighteenth avenue and Eighty-first street; nearby is one of the two remaining milestones in the coun- ty, which were erected by the King'.^ order, to mark the postroad from Bos- ton to Philadelphia. The road was known as the King's Highway; it cut through New Utrecht and Gowanus to Denyse's Ferry, where the connection with Staten Island was made by boat. At every turning point in the road a stone was set up. At Denyse's Ferry the British landed their first troops in 1776; near the shores of this town, too, the squadron of Colonel Richard Nic- olls, the first English Governor of New York, had anchored in 1664. and PIRST DUTCH CHURCH EDIFICE AT GRAVESEND. his letter to Director General Stuyve- Sketched After Old Description. sant bears date on board the Guyney, riding before Nayack, on the 20th day of August. land, described as situated "near the settlers to name this shore Along led the the Narrows the land is hilly bay," became later known as "the old "Graauwezande," or Grauesand, as the and stony, and on the northern town Ijouwery." Adjoining Anthony Jan- name is often written in old documents, line were some considerable hills. These sen's patent a tract of 90 morgen, lying i.e., "Grayishsand." wooded ridges formed the extreme partly in Gravesend and partly in New The Dutch Church was organized in western end of the backbone of Long Utrecht, was granted in 1645 to Robert 1763 and a church edifice was erected, Island, which extends all along the Pennoyer. which was replaced by a second one in northern side of the "Great Plains," as The present Coney Island consisted 1833 and this one again by a third one far as Southold, on the eastern end of originally of three parts, viz., Conijno in 1894. Shortly after the conquest of the island. The Interior part of the Eylandt, Conijne Hoek or the later 1664 the town was made the seat of town is level, and the soil consists of Pine Island, and Gysberfs Eylandt, or justice, a court house was erected in light loam and sand. the later Johnson's Land. Apparently 1668 and the Courts of Sessions of the In 1810 the village contained forty these three parts were granted on Mav West Riding were held here, also the houses and the Reformed Dutch 24, 1644, to Gysbert op Dyck, the former Courts of Kings County until 1686, Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 25

so within fire in 1832, the courts were transferred when the County Court at Flatbush share of palisades must do was opened. eight days or pay a fine of 25 guilders to Brooklyn. Erasmus Hall was in- 1660. the corporated in 1787. Vanderveer The Strycker house, on Gravesend for each lot. On February 26, The Amers- homestead, on Flatbush avenue, oppo- avenue, near present Avenue U, was magistrates of Midwout and the pali- site Dorchester road, took, in 17S7, the 1894. Still- foort were ordered to have destroyed by fire about The ' repaired place of an earlier structure on land well house was formerly known as the sades surrounding the villages assigning granted in 1660. It was demolished in Van Siclen house. The Johnson house and kept in good order by certain portion, 1911. The Bergen House, said to have was built upon "the bouwerij of ye Lady to each inhabitant a responsible. been built in 1735, was torn down about Moody." The Wyckoff homestead, on for which he was to be held 31, 1661. separate inferior 1840; the Strycker House, which also present East Nineteenth street, near On March erected in each of these has been removed, had been erected in Avenue Q, was erected about the latter courts were the town, known as 1696, of brickstones. Nearly opposite part of the eighteenth century and was villages. Part of the New Letts of Flat- stood the Zabriskie homestead, another tern during the first the Oostwout, or down years of brickstone building, and as old as its present century. block is A away neighbor, until 1877. The original Lef- standing the still older Bennett farm ferts homestead, built in the latter house. The Wyckoff house, on Kings part of the seventeenth century on Highway, near Fourteenth street, was the junction of Flatbush and Wash- built about forty years ago. ington avenues and Lincoln road, and In 1649 Coney Island is called Manna- the Martense house, opposite, were both hanning, i.e., island place. A locality burned down by the British in 1776; at the mouth of Gerrettsen's Creek was the Lefferts house was rebuilt on its called Moeung. This probably was the old lines. The Suydam-Ditmas Man- place called by the Dutch t'vlaeck, i.e., sion, near the junction of Ditmas ave- a stain or blot, a black or muddy place. nue, was erected about 1700 and stood Another locality in this neighborhood, until 1911. The old farmhouse on the upland, was called Makeopaca. An Church lane, near Story street, and Indian burying ground was found in known as the Story homestead, was 1897 on Avenue U, near Ryder's Pond. formerly occupied by the Martense Deep beds of oyster shells, the outer family. Melrose Hall, built in 1749 by sides of the shells uppermost, were John Lane, near Flatbush avenue and found, also pottery and more than a Clarkson street, was torn down at the dozen of skeletons. beginning of the present century. In ISIO Gravesend village contained Judge Isaac Terhune erected a house twenty houses, the Reformed Dutch about a half-mile distant from the Church edifice and a schoolhouse. A Kings Highway station of the Brighton lighthouse was designed to be erected Beach R.iilroad, in 1?12, which was later at Coney Island, on the west end of GRAVESEND TOWN HALL. purchased by Benjamin Hitchings. Schryer's Hook. There were two tide In 1810 Flatbush was known as the mills. The taxable property was val- "Capital of the County." The village ued at $178,477; the population was 520, contained about 100 houses, standing on bush, was settled In 1654, and was increasing to 69.5 in 1835 810 in 1840. town road and covering a stretch and separated in 1852 from the town of the in length; the The settlement on Sheepshead B.ay Flatbush and organized as the town of of one and a half miles was originally stone building of the Reformed Dutch known as "The Cove,' New Lots. A horsemill was erected and later as Sheep-shead Bay. Other Church, the courthouse and jail, Eras- here in 1660. neighborhoods Hall Academy and two common were Unionville and low, broad range of hills extended mus A mills and one Ginitherville on Gravesend Bay, South along the town border; the remainder schools, also two tide Greenfield windmill, within the town limits. on the Kings Highway and of the territory was level, the soil being were on the head of Gerrettsen's Creek, property was valued at ex- light loam. Prospect Hill was elevated The taxable and in tending over the Flatlands line. 300 above the plain, overlooking $369,118; the population was 1,159, feet poorhouse the neighboring townships. In Oost- 1835, 1,537; in 1840, 2,099. The wout, the southern halt of the terri- of the county is located in this town. consisted of salt meadows; the The farm of sixty acres was purchased TOWN OF FLATBUSH. tory town soil of the remainder was light loam. for $3,000. Neighborhoods in the Parkville, Oaklands (Including the Later Town of New The first Dutch church edifice on were: Greenfield, and Windsor Terrace. Lots.) Long Island was begtin here in Mid- wout, in 1654, when the church was or- The region known as Keuters" Hook, Flatbush was originally known as ganized. There were 100 morgen of received its name from the fact that Midwout and was settled in 1651, though single settlers had been on the ground earlier. It is named in old documents variously 't Vlakke Bos, Midwout and Middelwout. 'T Vlakke Bos means small things packed close together, i. e., "a bunch" on the plain; Midwout and Middelwout means "in the midst of the forest "or siirrounded by forest." In 1653 Stuyvesant wrote, in answer to a remonstrance presented to him: "It is not true that general town-patents had been promised to the inhabitants of Middelburgh and Mid- wout. The contrary can be proved by living witnesses and by the written conditions, now deposited in the secre- tarv's oflice, under which lands were allotted and taken possession of in the said villages. If they have not their individual deeds, they may come and ORIGINAL LONG ISLAND CHUKCH, ERECTED AT MIDDELWOUT. call for them; they will not be carried home to everybody." Cornelius Van Ruyven, the secretary of the colony, land set aside for the church, the little this tract was given over in the earlier and son-in-law of Domine Megapolen- structure on the Indian trail was in- days to the mechanics of the town, par- sis, bought in 1654 a farm of twenty- closed with a strong palisade, and in who could only take care of small five morgen in this town for the sum time of danger the settlers, after till- cels of land. The name is derived from opposi- of 525 guilders. On October 16, 1655, a ing their farm land all day, retired at the word Keutel-boer, used in plan was approved for concentrating nightfall within the protecting stock- tion to boer. The word boer was ap- the village of Midwout. Five or six ade, until they were able to erect more plied to farmers on large farms in the lots were to be reserved for public substantial houses upon their farms. A older part of the town. buildings, such as for the schout, the second structure was built in 1699, In the later town of New Lots, the minister, the secretary, the school- which was altered in 1775, and the farmhouse built in 1715 by William of master, village tavern and public present building was erected in 1795 on Howard, near the present junction street, was courthouse. On February 22, 1656, a the original site. Broadway and Fulton plan was ready to lay out the village, The courthouse of the County of known as the Rising Sun Tavern, or set up palisades, and erect a block- Kings was erected in Flatbtish village Howard's Halfway House, of Revolu- es- house. On May 26, 1656, the Schout and in 1685, and in the following year the tionary War fame. The Howard "the magistrates of Midwout and courts were removed from Gravesend tate was sold in 1867, and soon there- Amersfoort" issued orders that those in- to this place. The courthouse was re- after turned into building lots, and the habitants who had not as yet set up their built in 1793. After Its destruction by old tavern was torn down. Among the 26 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

landmarks are the Schenck homestead, tervelt. In January, 1651, a village was laid out by Stuyvesant. The latter on Jamaica avenue, and the Eldert established, which was named Nieuw had ordered in February, 1660, that all homestead, on New Lots road, between Amersfoort. Twenty-eight lots were di- settlers should remove to villages; a Lincoln and Sheridan avenues, on land vided by lot. Stuyvesant owned a farm few days later a party of men peti- granted to Johannes Eldert in 1667. here in 1655; in the same year a mili- tioned him to select a site for them, Daniel Rapelje built a stone house on tary guard was stationed in the town suitable for a settlement, and he took on account what is now Sheffield avenue, before of the Indian troubles; the them to the plain between the New- the Revolution, which has been taken village was inclosed by a stockade. town Creek and Bushwick Creek, where Van Twiller's Corlear's flats, con- down. His son, Simon, built the house and he laid out a village of twenty-two now known as the McGee house; Wil- taining 1,600 to 2,000 morgen of land, lots. Rapelje were used as a common pasturage by liam Rapelje built the present A year later he again visited the new side of Lots the people of Amersfoort and Midwout. house, on the north New settlement, and, requested by the in- Georgia The Dutch church in the town was road, between Sheffield and habitants to give a name to the place, house founded in 1654; a first edifice was avenues, in 1820. The Wyckoff he named it Boswijck. As noted above, is standing on New Lots road, between the Director-General would no longer Bradford street, Miller avenue and permit the planters to occupy their Siclen, near Hendrix and the Van scattered farmhouses, and with this Dutch Church of street. The Reformed point in view, he had established this was organized in 1824, and New Lots place of concentration on the plain. edifice erected on Lots road an New The name Boswijck, coined by Stuy- the settlement. The In the center of vesant on this occasion, expressed per- former town hall of Lots, stand- New fectly what the Governor's order was ing on Jamaica Bay, at present Stan- intended to enforce, i.e., to take the ex- ley and Atkins avenues, was destroyed posed homes of the several settlers by fire in 1912. and bring them together at a central point for the sake of their own safe- TOWN OF FLATLANDS. ty. The word is composed of "bos," meaning a "collection of small things packed close The principal village of the Canarsee together" and of "wijk," was in this town and known as Kes- i. e., a retreat, refuge, guard, defend from danger. The site selected was kaechqiieren, i. e., at the bay. The name erected in 1663; it was enlarged in 1762; suitable for settlement, as it lev- Flatlands is derived from het vlakke a was a second one was built in 1794 and a el land or "a flat," bounded by creeks; land, i. e., the flat country. The soil third one in 1848. The graveyard wa^s is light sand or sandy loam. The town that part of the town known in later established upon an old Indian burial times and to this day as Greenpoint hill, and the Indian graves were in- was in the olden days known as Gren- cluded in the graveyard. en Hout Punt, or Hout Punt. It was The house on Flatlands Neck was the neck of land from which the set- built in 1664 Pieter by Claes Wyckoff, tlers of Boswijck secured the timber who had purchased the the land from for palisades and building material; Canarsee at an early date. There is Hout Punt means "timber place." The a tradition that the name Wyckoff was name was later anglicized into given to him on account of his settling Wood- point, and the remnant of the town in this isolated neighborhood; its mean- ing being "to depart" (wijken) and road, which led to the place, is still known as "Old road." "beyond" (over), i. e., to depart to a Woodpoint distant place. The homestead was re- Grenen Hout Punt indicates that the paired in 1819. The little schoolhouse woods consisted of fir trees. on the neck built in 1786. The territory of the town was pur- .vcfeaft- was The mill on Gerrettsen's Creek, the chased by Governor Kieft from the Ca- former Stroomkil, occupies the founda- narsee in 1638; settlers which had lo- tions of the original gristmill. The Jan cated here prior to that date were con- Martense Schenck house was built firmed in their possessions, and pat- about 1656 near a creek, on which later ents to new settlers were granted in a mill was erected. Mentelaer Island, rapid succession. The soil was princi- NEW AMERSFORT CHURCH. ERECTED 1663 called by the Indians Wimbaccoe, is now known as Bergen Island. Mus- kytte Hool was the name of a locality on Flatlands Neck. settled was in 1636. One of the first In 1810 Flatlands Village contained grants for lands wa« for Barren Is- twenty houses. There was the Re- considerably land, which was then formed Dutch Church edifice and one Equendito. larger and called The tidemill in this town. The taxable it 't Beeren Eylandt, i. e.. Dutch called property was valued at $14,039; the pop- Bears Island. Barren Island the Upon ulation was 517, increasing to 684 in Charles Gibbs secreted a pirate had 1835 and 810 in 1840. Canarsie village portion of the wealth which he had was a settlement upon the road lead- seas. Part of plundered upon the high ing to the bay. it was recovered after the pirate and his companions had been executed upon Gibbet Island in New York Harbor in 1830. The islands and meadows ad- TOWN OF BUSHWICK. joining Barren Island were called by ON OLD WOODPOINT ROAD, BUSHWICK. the Indians Hoopaninak, Shanscoma- (Including the later Williamsburgh.) cocke and Macutteris. There are im- mense shellheaps at Canarsie and Ber- The name Bushwick has been said pally a light loam and the surface con- in gen Island. by some writers to signify "Town siderably hilly, in some parts stony, Achtervelt was a plantation in this the Woods," while others have trans- though productive. of lated it "Heavy Woods." In the town town, comprising a tra»t of land On March 31, 1661, an Inferior Court about 1,800 morgen, ef which only a records we read under date of April 5, was established and thus the town was small part was cultivated; a patent for 1663, that some of the inhabitants pe- organized. Adriaen Hegeman, the the same was granted in 1638. The titioned the Director General and Amersfoort and purchases Schout of Breukelen, patents for the Castateuw Council to allow them to inclose their Midwout, had also jurisdiction Indians were annulled now of 1636 from the lands near the village with a common over New Utrecht and Boswijck. In in 1652. They consisted of the two expen.se fence, "in view of the great 1662, the village, which was inclosed smaller fiats, claimed by Wouter Van of individually fencing their land, said with palisades, contained twenty-five and the great fiat, also called Twiller expense being greatly increased by the Brodhead, two or Amersfoort flat, houses; according to "at the bay" scarcity of wood in their neighborhood, claimed by Wolphert Gerretsen and blockhouses were erected within this etc." This was three years after the Andries Hudde. At the same time town in 1663; this no doubt refers to settlement had been started, and it is Kijkuit patents for other large tracts were an- the blockhouse upon the near inconceivable that a region, which hal nulled, as the maize land, flatland and the Strand and another one in the been remarkable for its wealth of tim- valley of Canarisse, conveyed by gift to village. A Dutch church was erected ber, such a degree as to cause the Jacob Wolphertsen to the serious dam- in about 1720 and a second edifice was Governor to the town for this the original site (de- age of the new village of Midwout, name built in 1829 on further the islands in the Hellgate, very pecularity of the region "Town molished last January) ; in the same Nooten Eylandt ,Red Hook, the land at in the Woods," to be so stripped of year a chapel was opened in Williams- Sloops Bay and Oyster Bay, called timber within a short time, as the pe- burgh. In 1810, the town contained the Matinnecough. tition shows. To the writer it seems Reformed Dutch Church edifice in the The territory of the town is later more likely that the village was named village, a Methodist meeting house In called the Bouwery or District of Ach- for the compact form in which it was the Williamsburgh region, two tida Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 27 mills, two schoolhouses and two tav- avenue and Woodbine street; It was The water flowing into this reservoir erns. The taxable property was valued taken down about 1901. comes from a chain of lakes and creeka at the population $263,025; was 798; In The original cemetery on the Wood- scattered over the towns of Hempstead 1835. 3,341, and In 1840, including 6,389, point road was abandoned in 1879; a and Jamaica. Near the eastern ex- Williamsburgh. In 1827, the village of churchyard, surrounding the Dutch tremity of this chain was a railroad Williamsburgh incorporated; this was church had been established in 1814; station of the old South community was separated from Bush- Side Railroad, there were family burial places on called Rldgewood, twenty-seven miles wick in 1840 a and incorporated as many of the farms. distant from Brooklyn town. The City of Williamsburgh and close to the Oyster Bay town line. came into existence in 1852. The Bushwick Ferry was started by From the fact Of the old farmhouses, the oldest James Hazard in 1797, a rowboat being that the Aqueduct and canal, as they were laid still standing is the Duryea house on operated between Hazard's farm on out, when the great enter- Meeker avenue, near Newtown Creek; Corlear's Hook and the Fountain Inn prise was commenced, started In the the Conselyea in Bushwick village, on the Long Island side. WoodhuU's Ridgewood tract, the reservoir con- erected prior to 1700, has been taken Ferry was started a few years later; structed upon the Cypress Hills be- down. Other old buildings were the Morrell's Ferry in 1812. The Will- came known as the Ridgewood Reser- Skillman house, the two Devoe houses iamsburgh Ferry was incorporated in voir and the thinly settled neighbor- on the Woodpoint road, where also 1824; the Peck Slip Ferry was establish- hood in its rear as Ridgewood. Thus stood the Mansion House, built by ed in 1836; the Houston Street Ferry the reservoir received its name not Theodorus Polhemus, and the Debe- in 1840; the Greenpoint Ferry to Tenth from being located near the Ridge- voise house, both erected before the street, Manhattan, in 1853. The ferry wood settlement, but the settlement Revolution. At the Crossroads settle- which had been operated for some received its name from being located ment, the former Kruis-pad, was the years from Calvary Cemetery to Twen- near the reservoir. A few years before Whaley house and Rapalye's Tavern. ty-third street was also transferred to the latter was built, another settlement In Williamsburgh, the Miller house Greenpoint avenue in 1857; the James had been started near the northern stood on the site of the blockhouse up- Slip Ferry, running from South Tenth entrance of the Cemetery of the Ever- on the Kijkuit; it was taken down in street, w^as established in 1857. In 1860, greens, which was named South Will- 1860; the Fountain Inn was situated the Roosevelt Street Ferry began to iamsburgh. This being the most com- near Grand Street Ferry; near Union run a boat to Williamsburgh. The pact neighborhood, the name Ridge- avenue was the house of Jan de Swede, Broadway Ferry to Twenty-third wood was gradually applied to it and who lived here before the land was street was opened in 1885, and some when a large area was later embraced

BUSHWICK CHUBCH AND TOWN HOUSE A CENTURY AGO.

The View of the Church Is Taken From Long Island Miscellanies and the View of the Town House From the Brooklyn Manna! of 1868. bought from the Indians. In Green- years later boats were run to For- under the designation Ridgewood, this point Dirck Volkertse, the Noorman ty-second street. part became known as Evergreen, as had built a stone house on the shore The Ridgewood section in Queens most of its denizens were in some way of Bushwick Creek, which later was Borough is the territory over which a connected with the Cemetery of the named after him "Noorman's Kil"; legal fight was carried on for more Evergreens, as florists, laborers, etc. Dirck was also one of the early set- than a century between the towns of The name Ridgewood was now identi- tlers. The Provoost house was de- Bushwick and Newtown. By granting fied with a large tract in Queens Coun- stroyed by fire about 1832. Abraham the New Lotts of Bushwick to the ty and with a considerable part of Jansen erected a mill in 1664 on New- town, Stuyvesant had made the present the Eastern District of Brooklyn and town Creek, near Bushwick village, Ridgewood section apparently a part the old South Side Railroad station and on its site was "Masters' Mill," of Bushwick; still when in 1769 the dis- became known as Wantagh, Its name standing until a half century ago; pute was settled, the tract was decided having been changed in 1891, at the Schenck's Mill was nearby. The to be a part of the town of Newtown. request of its inhabitants. Schenck family burial ground is near However, today the section is most the site of the mill, on the former intimately connected with the upper Wyckoff farm. The Wyckoff hou.se part of the former town of Bushwick, TOWN OF NEWTOWN. is located on Flushing avenue, near and in considering the Ridgewood sec- Cypress avenue; there are several tion the territory situated in Kings (Including the later Long Island City). other old houses on this farm. The and Queens Counties must be taken as Part of this town was set off in 1870 Suydam house, built about 1700 and a unit. The name came into use here and incorporated a city under the name formerly owned by Leffert Lefferts, when a small settlement sprang up in of Long Island City. The Indians called was situated on the Old Bushwick road Queens County near the Ridgewood the territory of the grreater part of the on the corner now known as Evergreen Re.servoir, about a half century ago. town, i. e.; the eastern portion, "Wan- 28 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

eminence dewenock," meaning "the fine land be- Astoria village. In belonged originally a wooded the site of the later Flushing tween viz., were twelve acres, lying on the the long streams," Flushing 1655 his house and outbuildings of Yonkers and Newtown creeks. uprising, Meadows; this was named The Mispat band destroyed during the Indian who was had their village on the head of Mispat and he removed to Flushing; later he Island, after Van der Donck, "Jongheer." The Kil, or Newtown Creek. When the settled again in this section. A small called "de Jonker," or "St. Ronan's Rockaways sold the land to the settlers shell heap was at Sandford's Point, op- place was also known as when It was of Middelburgh in 1656, they reserved posite the north end of Blackwell's Well," and in later years, excursions, "a tract of upland, lying under the Island, showing that the Indians had a favorite place for picnic Hill." hills, southward from the town place, there. There were early, as it was called "Snake a village had been now seated," as hunting ground. The well as later, relics. A blockhouse was After the Mispat settlement Indians, a new set- west branch of Mispat Kil was called built at Hellgate during the Revolu- destroyed by the commenced by some Eng- Quandoequareus, i. e., "at the further- tion, and a water battery, "Fort Ste- tlement was England; the old most branch of the long tidal stream." vens," during the War of 1812. The lishmen from New English Kills settlement was In 1640 the Rev. Francis Doughty Woolsey mansion, opposite East Nine- Mispat or where Maspeth is today; the was granted the so-called Mispat pat- ty-sixth street, Manhattan, was erected located the new place was midway between the ent, including nearly all the territory about 1726; other old houses are Barclay mansion, on the Shore Road, old site and Flushing, along a meadow of the town; he and his associates creeks fiowed into Newtown found on and the Rapelje mansion. Patents for from which their arrival two or three Creek and Flushing Creek. Here they squattei-s on the g:round. In the Indian five small plantations of about 50 acres settled in 1651, and named the place Mid- War of 1643 the Mispat each and extending from the river to settlement, hav- delburgh, the "village midway be- ing then more than eighty the great swamp, or Lubberts' swamp, inhabitants, were tween"; in 1662 the name was changed was wiped out. At this time, lands were were granted about 1653; they Newtown. purchased by Homer Lawrence, to Hastings, and later to taken up at the junction of Newtown later was made in who also obtained a patent for the ad- Another settlement Creek and the Dutch Kills Creek, at the later Mas- in 1665. 1655 on Smith's Island, Kunapaukah; i. e., joining "Round Island," Round "the Bears' water- Island, or Furman's Island, in Island is now known as Berrian's peth land." On the east side of Kanapaukah This settlement, Island, and contains 12 acres. The Newtown Creek. Kil, or Dutch Kills Creek, was Rich- New Arnheim, was broken u» ard Greenhook, later known as the G. M. named Brutnell's plantation, deeded to by the Dutch Governor, as being detri- him in it Woolsey farm, was granted to Jean 1G43; came later In the posses- to Boswijck village, laid out Gerardse in 1653, and in the same year niental sion of William Herrick. Herrlck's by. Major Daniel widow by Stuyvesant near married Thomas Wandell, who Whitehead testified in court in 1704 was living on the Bushwick shore of Gov- Newtown that at the time of the coming of Creek as far back as 1648. ernor NicoUs, his father and he, then Wandell enlarged the property by pur- living at "Mespatt Kills," which then chase and it became later known "as the not belong to Newtown, chose dep- Alsop farm. The did Alsop house, erected uties to the Assembly at Hempstead by Wandell in 1665, was destroyed in in 1665, as other towns did. When 1879. On the west side of the Kana- Yorkshire was created at this Assem- paukah, lands were granted to Tymen bly, former Middelburgh, then Jansen and the Burger Jorissen in 1643, and called "Hastings," was included in the to .Jan Jansen in 1647. Dominie's Hook West Riding under the name of "the received its name from its owner. new towne," being enlarged by the out- Dominie Everardus Bogardus of the plantations, comprising the Poor Bow- Church in the Fort on Manhattan ery, Hellgate Neck, the English Kills, Island, the son-in-law of Tymen Jansen, the Dutch Kills, etc. as early as 1643. This tract, THE OLD BAY TAVERN ON THE known as In 1670 a town house was erected on "The Old Farm," consisted of 212 acres; POOR-BOWERY. the site now occupied by the Fish it was purchased in 1697 by Captain Street and Hoffman Peter Pra, House, on Grand who lived then on the Bush- building the serv- wick shore Boulevard. In this of Newtown Creek. The Dr. Ditmars farm, to Philip Presbyterian Church wera captain's granddaughter the later ices of the married Cap- Gerardse, and the later Polhemus es- held, the church having been organ- tarn George Hunter, and from the him tate, to Tenen Craye. In 1654 Anneke ized in 1651, until a church edifice was "point" received the name "Hunter's of Dominie Bogardus, 1717. used as a Pomt." Hunter's Jans, the widow erected in This was wife died in 1833, and obtained an additional patent on Pot guardhouse and hospital by the British two years later the farm was sold and Cove. while they occupied Newtown, from the old homestead disappeared. Brou- Abraham Rycken, or de Rycke, had 1776 to 1783, and was finally demolished. card Burgon, or Bragaw, a French received in 1638 a large grant of land On the same site a new edifice was Huguenot, who emigrated from Mann- In Bushwick. He obtained another erected in 1787, which was enlarged in heim, in the Palatinate on the R^ine. grant in 1654 at the "Poor Bowery," 1S36; it is now used for Sunday school m 1675, settled at Sunnyside in 1688, which had originally been granted to purposes. Opposite this old frame after havmg sold his farm in Bushwick the Dutch Church on Manhattan Island structure a stone church was opened and after a short residence on Staten for an "armen bouwery"—that is, a for service, in 1895. The Dutch church Island. He erected a gristmill; in 1757 poor farm. Abraham Rycken died in was organized in 1704, and an edifice the farm came into the possession of 16S9; his son Abraham enlarged the was erected in 1732; this building was Isaac Bragaw, who erected the house property; the family burial place is on used by the British for a powder maga- on Jackson and Skillman avenues, near Bowery Bay, near the site of the house zine; it was taken down in 1832, and a the present Queensboro Bridge Plaza; erected by the younger Rycken. Hen- new one erected. The Protestant Epis- It was taken down in 1912. After sev- drick Rycken, a grandson of the orig- copal Church was organized in 1731. eral changes the land came Into the inal settler, removed to Hallett's Cove Jonathan Fish joined the Middel- Payntar family in 1831. The Debevoise lirior to the Revolution, and bought burgh settlement in 1659; his grand.son, house on Hill street, near Anable the sawmill on Sunswick Creek. The Jonathan Fish, built, about 1700, the street, was destroyed by fire about foundation of the gristmill at the Fishhouse, on the site of the first town- 1909; among the other old houses are mouth of the Sackhigneyah stream was house. Samuel Fish, the son of the the Van Pelt, Stevens, Cxosman Dur- laid by Cornelius Luyster in 16G8. younger Jonathan, it as an inn; yea and Washington kept houses. Thomas B. Jackson bought the mill he also purchased the at "Fish At farm Ravenswood, formerly called the property on "Fishpoint" in 1835, and Point," on Flushing Bay, a part of the waterside. John Delafleld erected in 1792 erected a gristmill on the old founda- Luyster farm, or Poor Bowery farm. the mansion known as "Sunswick"; tions. Sack-ig-naiag means a "point of The Palmer, Riker, Luyster, Kowen- the Blackwell homestead on Webster land near the mouth of a stream." howen and Jacob Rapalje houses are avenue, near the river, was built in Riker's Island, containing 50 acres, and located on this farm. John Moore, who 1664. About 1834 the corporation of the formerly known as Hewlett's Island, died in 1657, was the first minister of City of New York erected buildings for from its being the residence of George the town; several "Moorehouses," built a poorfarm at Ravenswood, which Hewlett, was conferred to Guysbert by his descendants, are to be noted. were sold in 1847, when the institutions Rycken in 1667. The Rev. Francis One, a Colonial mansion, was erected were transplanted to the islands in the Doughty, the leader in the original on the shell road, more than a century river; the owner leased the buildings Mispat settlement, conferred his bouw- anterior to the Revolution; another, to the Commission of Emigration for a ery on Flushing Bay, at Stevens Point, later owned by the Penfold family, and ship-fever-hospital, etc. After many in- on his daughter Mary at her marriage a third one, on the Bowery Bay road, effective protests, the citizens de- in 1645 to Dr. Adrian Van der Donck, Avith the Moore family burial place stroyed the buildings. Ravenswood was who obtained a patent for it in 1648. near by. The last-named house was connected with New York City a half About three years later, Thomas Ste- the headquarters of Sir Henry Clinton century ago by stages running via As- venson, an Englishman, living at after the Battle of Long Island. Cap- toria and Eighty-sixth street, or Hell Flushing, removed to this farm as tain Richard Betts was one of the first Gate Ferry, to Chatham Square. tenant for Van der Donck, and after settlers on the disputed lands along William Hallett, born in Dorsetshire, the departure of the latter to Holland, the Bushwick boundary. He built his England about 1616. received a grant where he died, Stevenson obtained a house on the old Newtown road, be- for 160 acres at Hellgate in 1652, for- patent from Stuyvesant, conferring tween Calvary Cemetery and Maurice merly in possession of Jacques Bentyn, these premises to himself. To this farm avenue. The old house on the Bur- Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 29 roixgh farm was built long before the home of Judge Joseph Sackett, who later known as Union street and Revolution by John Burrough, who died about 1756; then Walter Franklin, Broadway; it was a long, low building; died here in 1750. The Furraan house, a New York merchant, occupied it un- in it were kept the town records; also later owned by Jonathan Howard, and til his death in 1780. After him his arms and ammunition were there in standing on the road to Flushing, was brother-in-law. Colonel Isaac Corsa, re- readiness in case of an attack by In- erected at an early date. Willem Van sided here. DeWitt Clinton's wife was dians or other enemies. The "guard Duyn settled in Hempstead Swamp, in the daughter of Franklin and a niece house" was further used occasionally this town, in 1719; the homestead on jf Colonel Corsa. as a place of public worship by differ- this farm was later known as the Van- Middle Village was the site of the ent denominations; also as jail in later derveer farmhouse; Abraham Remsen first Methodist church on Long Island; years. also settled at Hempstead Swamp; his It was built in 1785. Prime mentions it A general town patent was granted son Jeromus bought the farm in 1735; in 1845 as still standing, though con- to the settlers on October 10, 1645; the Remsen family burial place is on verted into a dwelling. The Williams- Flushing is called Newwark in an Eng- Van Duyn Hill. Abraham Brinckerhoff burgh and Jamaica Turnpike was built lish document of 1663-4. The Garrett- settled on a large farm on Flushing about 1S13, and a tollgate was erected sen house on Main street was erected Meadows; the family burial place is on at what is now East Williamsburg. about 1659; it was used as a hospital Flushing Bay. The Jackson homestead, John Culver lived here in 1790. Francis for soldiers during the Hessian occu- on Jackson avenue, was built a century Titus had a farmhouse before the pancy, while St. George's Church, ago. Some months ago an article ap- Revolution, on the site of the later across the way, served as a stable for peared in the papers, stating that the Schumacher's Hotel; the White farm the horses of the troops quartered in old house was to be taken down and existed as a farm since about 1700; the vicinity. The Bowne house was to be re-erected at Sea Bright, N. J. John Cozine was one of the earliest built in 1661 and the Friends Meeting- At Corona, the Leverich homestead, settlers in this neighborhood. The house in 1695. In 1789 the house of the facing the meadow, which is situated cemeteries of the Evergreens and town clerk, John Vanderbilt, was de- between Newtown and Flushing, was Cypress Hills are situated upon the .stroyed and with it the town records. built by Caleb Leverich, who died here elevation known as Green Hills, or In the olden days communication with in 1717. It became later known as the Cypress Hills, partly in Kings County Manhattan Island was had by a large Elliott House; its oldest part is said and partly in Queens County. The canoe, which a man, living near the to date back as far as 1664; in the de- general act referring to cemeteries for- shore, had bought from the Indians at velopment of Elliott Manor, one street bids these establishments to hold more Bayside. In ISOl a stage commenced runs directly through the site of the than 250 acres of land in one county, to run daily from Flushing through Ja- old house. Here, too, the old stone and hence these two cemeteries were maica and Bedford to Brooklyn Ferry, house on the Old Mill road, built by laid out in two counties. A special act a distance of twenty miles; then a the Coe family, dates back to the sev- allows Cypress Hills to hold 100 acres bridge was built over Flushing Creek enteenth century; its front, facing the more in Queens County. The town had and a road and causeway by way of creek, is built of Holland brick. a population of 2,437 in 1810. Yonkers Island over the salt meadows Gideon Hallett, a descendant of on Flushing Bay; the stages eventually William Hallett of Hellgate, settled at ran to Williamsburgh Ferry, a distance Maspeth; on his farm stood the Quaker TOWN OF FLUSHING. of eight miles. Meeting House, surrounded by the The Duryea house on Fresh Meadow b.irying ground,

JACKSON TIDE MILL. 30 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. homestead was erected long before the ment of 1654 this rock is called "de as a prison by the British in August, Revolutionary War; it was the head- witte klip." Here was the house of 1776; in 1813 it was taken down. The quarters of Colonel Hamilton, who was Francis Lewis, the only signer of the first edifice of the Dutch Church was in of the command Hessians encamped Declaration of Independence who re- erected in 1715; on its side stood an in Flushing during the winter of 1779. sided in Queens County. During the old-fashioned haystack; this building At a ball given by the commander on popularity of DeWitt Clinton the place was torn down in 1833. Christmas Eve, the house caught fire was known as Clintonville. A century When Queens County was created, and burned to the ground: it was re- ago there were within the circumfer- the courts were transferred from built in the following year and came ence of one mile only twelve houses in Hempstead to Jamaica village and a in 1S04 in the possession of Henry Mit- the village. About this time a ferry County Court was erected in 1684; when chell, whose descendants still own it. was in existence, running from this the building became too small for its Cadwallader Colden, while being point to Throgg's Neck in Westchester purposes, and the stone meeting house Lieutenant Governor, built a mansion County, mostly used for the convey- had been erected, the courts were held upon the Spring Hill farm; here the ance of cattle, a sailboat being em- for some years in that edifice. In 1709 statesman died in 1776, and was ployed for the purpose. a new courthouse was built and used buried on the farm. His son, David, Bayside, three miles north of Flush- until the seat of justice was removed became an active loyalist and the prop- ing village, on the west side of Little in 1788 to North Hempstead. The first erty was confiscated and sold; it was Neck Bay, was settled soon after building of Union Hall Academy was purchased by Walter Burling, who kept Flushing. Dr. Rodman settled here; erected In 1791. Increase Carpenter's he died in 1731. Tavern, in recent years known as The land at Douglass Point was Goeizes Hotel, was used as a tavern owned by Thomas Hicks long before since 1710. The inn was the scene of the Revolution. He had taken the land General Woodhull's capture. The prop- from the Indians; the latter retired to erty purchased by Rufus King, in 1805, the south side of the island and lo- consisted of a roomy house and about cated in the vicinity of Springfield, ninety acres of land, situated a little After several changes the property west of the village, on the main road. passed into the hands of George Doug- The house fronted south. At that time lass. Prior to 1821 the only road be- it stood on a bare field about one hun- tween Little Neck and Flushing Vil- dred yards back from the road, along lage was through what was later which ran a white-painted picket fence. known as "the alley," winding its way Rufus King died in New York City in round about and over hills and increas- DURYEA HOUSE, FLUSHING. ing the distance more than two miles before reaching its terminus at "the lonely barn." In 1824 the road from a store on the site of the later Flush- Little Neck Hotel was donated, a ing Hotel. A century ago the village cau.seway constructed and a bridge consisted of 40 or 50 scattered houses; built at Wynandt Van Zandt's expense, near the Friends Meetinghouse was the who owned the land just prior to Doug- village pond. The whipping post stood lass. In 1834 the road was turnpiked to nearly opposite the Flushing Hotel; it Roslyn and three years later to Oyster was abolished in 1810. In 1843 a little Bay; it was known as Flushing and village hall was erected, containing one North Hempstead Turnpike Road and room and four cells beneath it. San- later as Broadway. At the time of the ford Hall, on Jamaica avenue, was arrival of the first settlers in this sec- erected by Chancellor Nathan Sanford tion an Indian trail existed where now in 1S36 at an expense of $130,000; the road is; in widening the road to one shortly after it was completed the hundred feet part of the Indian bury- owner died and the house stood vacant ing ground at Little Neck will have to until 1845, when it was purchased by be cut off. For two centuries the re- Dr. McDonald and his brother, who re- mains of Indians have been resting moved their sanitarium from Murra- here in this little burial place. There Hill, in New York City, to this place. were many relics and shellbanks about In the Linnaean gardens eleven skele- Little Neck. Douglass Point tons of Indians was the were uncovered in 1841; most interesting spot among them. all the skulls STONE MEETING HOUSE, JAMAICA. were to the east. In 1880 In 1810 the population an Indian burying of the tcvn ground was opened was 2,730. on Thomas P. Duryea's farm, a mile 1827, and he was buried by the side of from the village; stone relics were found here. his wife, who had died eight years TOWN OF JAMAICA. prior, in the Jamaica village church- College Point, formerly called Strat- yard within sight of his old home. The tonport, is the northwestern portion of The Jamaica band of Indians dwelt house is still standing is as a tract of land which upon the and known was known as shores of Rockaway Inlet; King's Manor. Lawrence's Neck or Tew's the territory around Neck. The Jamaica Bay was The town has been at several times neck was named after called Conorasset, i e., planting William Law- the the seat ot Colonial Legislatures. rence, who resided thereon. John, land of the bears (or Canarsee tribe). Will- Queens was isnown until 1857 as Brush- iam and Thomas Lawrence The first purchase of land was made three ville. The remains of a mastodon were brothers, were living at Flashing of the Canarsee; part of and the town's found in excavating at Baisley's Pond were among the earliest English settlers territory was again purchased from in this town in 185S; they consisted of on Long Island. Thomas, the Rockaway, laid the young- who claim to the six molar teeth and some small frag- est, purchased from the eastern portion. is settlers the Jamaica the name ments of bones, blackened, but not whole of Hellgate Neck of the original Indian village, and removed corrupted mineralized. In 1810 the population of to that place. John, the eldest, took from Cha-makou, or in the Delaware up the town was 2,110. his residence in New Amsterdam, dialect, Cha-meken. In 1656 some Eng- where he died in 1699, aged more than lishmen who had formerly lived in 80 years. William continued to reside the New England Colonies, and others in the town of Flushing; his house from Hemp.stead made a settlement on TOWN OF HEMPSTEAD. stood on Lawrence's Neck; he died in land "beyond the hills by the Zout 1680. Eliphalet Stratton purchased in Zee" (i. e.. Salt Sea). Stuyvesant, (Now Hempstead and North Hemp- 1790 three hundred and twenty acres wishing to impress upon these men stead.) of land on the neck for £500. About that their wandering ought to cease In 1784 the town of Hempstead was 1850 his daughter disposed of one hun- now, and that this place was to re- divided into North Hempstead and dred and forty acres, the site of the main their permanent home, named the South Hempstead. The latter name later village, for the sum of $30,000, re- village "Rustdorp," i. e., place of rest. was afterward altered into Hempstead. taining the balance of the land in the Near the village was a large and deep The Rockaway tribe lived about Rock- family. Here was located since 1835 pond, where beavers were plentiful, way and Hempstead, scattered over St. Paul's College, an institution for hence its name "Beaver Pond." In Co- the plains, and extending northwest the education of young men for the lonial times a race track was laid through Newtown. Their principal ministry in the Episcopal Church un- around its border; in later times the village was Rechouwhacky, at "Near der the direction of Dr. Muhlenburgh. pond was drained. The "beaver-path" Rockaway," besides which they had The college was discontinued, but the led from the Indian village to the pond. another village on Hog's Island in name College Point is still in use. Jamaica is called Crafford in an Eng- Rockaway Bay. At Hempstead pur- Whitestone was settled nearly as lish document of 1663-4. chases of land from the Rockaway early as Flushing village; it was first The Presbyterian meeting house, at tribe were made in 1643 by a company named Cookie Hill and later White- the head of Meetinghouse lane, the of Englishmen. The name of the town stone, for a large white rock that lies later Union Hall street, was built of is supposed by some to have been de- at the point, where the tides of the stone, forty feet square, in the middle rived from Heemstede; i. e., home- Sound and East River meet; in a docu- of the main road, in 1699; it was used stead. Broadhead says it is named Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 31

after a village on the Island of Schou- Captain Kidd had hidden under it some Jamaica for the construction of bar- wen in Zeeland. of his treasures. racks, where it was later destroyed. As early as 1640 there was a farm- Roslyn, N. H., was formely known Clinktown, named after an Indian house standing on Cow Harbor, and as Hempstead Harbor. The old Skill- chief, who resided hero a mile or two from this fact the bay itself seems to man house is standing upon a little hill farther south, on Parsonage Creek, was have been named Heemsteed Harbor overlooking the crossroads in the vil- later called Near Rockaway. In the before the village of Hempstead was lage center. Across the dam is the graveyard of the old Methodist Church established. The name is derived from still older Bogart house. This was the are laid at rest the 200 victims of the heem (house), farm and steede (stead), home of Henry Onderdonck in 1769, who wrecks of the Bristol and Mexico of place, spot, town. The name of the established the paper mill here on the 183G and 1837. At Far Rockaway the village appears in 1647 as Heemsteede. second of the three ponds which ex- Marine Pavilion was erected in 1834, In Hempstead village, near the tend back from Hempstead Harbor. seventy rods from the ocean. About "Burly Pond," the Presbyterian Church Washington visited the mill on his 1730 Governor Martin of the Province journey over the Island and took of Antigua removed to York edifice was erected in 1648, 20 feet New breakfast at the Bogart house on that and built a large mansion on an square. Governor Nicolls convened a occasion. He traveled in a quaint estate of 600 acres at Rockaway Beach. meeting in this town of delegates from barouche, drawn- by four white horses. It is known now as Rock Hall, and the several towns the Island and on Not many years ago there was still a came, in 1824, into the possession of the from Staten Island, in 1665. On this Hewlett family. The Merric tribe had occasion the "Duke's Law" was made a village on Hicks Neck. Freeport, H., the law of the colony, and it was in was formerly known as Raynorstown, force until the first Colonial Legislature named after Edward Raynor, the first met, in 1683. settler. New Bridge, H., was formerly The mansion of George Duncan Lud- called Little Neck. At Meadow Brook, low, at Hempstead Plain, later called H., the old homestead on the Dan. Hyde Park, was one of the largest Smith farm, built in the early part of and best houses on the Island. It was the nineteenth century, was of the old destroyed by fire in 1773. The loss was Dutch type. It was destroyed by fire estimated at £3,000. With it was con- in 1910. Harbor Hill, N. H.. the high- sumed a library worth £1,200, which est point of the backbone of Long must have been a large and valuable Island, is 405 feet above the level of collection of books in those days. The the tides. house was immediately rebuilt on the In 1810 the population of Hempstead old site. Ludlow was one of the was 5,804, and of North Hempstead judges of the Supreme Court of the 2,760. colony. His estate was after a while confiscated in consequence of his ad- TOWN OF OYSTER BAY. herence to the cause of the British during the Revolution. The famous group of old houses on the slope oppo- one The town of Oyster Bay was the bona English Radical, William Cobbet, re- site the Bogart house. The last was prominent in the of contention between the Dutch and sided here in 1817, when the house was to be removed village history as "the inn," and in the English, and although the bound- again destroyed by fire. later times was known as the Miller ary lines were arranged by the treaty South of Hyde Park, upon the open House. Around the corner, with its of Hartford, the last of Dutch Gover- grounds, known as Salisbury Plains, back door facing the mill pond, is the nors never relinquished his claim of Governor Nicolls established a race old Thompson house. Part of Roslyn course in 1665. It was called the New was, in 1842, laid out and mapped as devoted Market, and continued to be Montrose village. In this section was to the sport of the turf for more than included the William Cullen Bryant a century. Between Hyde Park and property, and other lands on the east- were Success Pond 618 acres of land ern shore of the harbor. The Bryant given by the towns of Hempstead and house, known as "Cedarmere," was to Governor Dongan, who had Flushing built by Richard Kirk some twenty-five a country residence here. The Dutch years before the Revolution, and is Church of the original town of Hemp- situated on the east bank road, near the stead was erected at Success in the steamboat landing. It was pur- midst of a settlement of Dutch fami- chased by William Cullen Bryant about lies in 1732. The place received its the middle of the last century and was name from Success Pond. It was partly destroyed by fire about 1901 or in 1835 Lakeville, N. H. changed to 1902. The old Valentine house near This edifice never had any heating ap- the stone bridge, at the depot, was built paratus of any kind within its walls before the Revolution. The Losee farm- except the foot-stoves which the house was erected in 1757. The flour ers brought along and prepared them mill was erected about the close of the at the Cornell house, across the road, eighteenth century. before service. In warm weather, be- At Westbury, N. H., a Quaker meet- services, they would gather un- tween ing house was erected at an early der an old white oak tree, to eat their date. Another one was built at Man- basket dinner. In 1813 the northern hasset in 1720, which was rebuilt in part of the congregation withdrew and 1810. organized a separate church at Man- The courts of this part of the colony hasset, H., where an edifice was N. were originally, for the most part, held erected three years later. at Hempstead, where the Governor on Success Pond, N. H., about 500 rods several occasions ordered meetings of in circumference, and with an average the different towns. The Assembly of depth of 40 feet, was called by the 1683 transferred the courts to the vil- Indians "Saccut." Warlike imple- lage of Jamaica. In 1788 a courthouse ments of the Indians have been found was built upon the north side of Hemp- here. The pond was stocked by Dr. stead Plains and the courts were re- Mitchell, in 1790, with yellow perch moved thereto. from Ronkonkoma Pond. The site of St. George's, the Episcopal Church an old Indian village and a single at Hempstead village, received a royal grave were discovered in 1889, at Port charter in 1735. Its first building was Washington, N. H., on Manhasset erected a year prior; the present one Neck. The name of the neck was for- in 1822. The rectory was built in 1793. MONUMENT AT "NEAR ROCKAWAY," merly Cow Neck. Its Indian name The silver communion service, given To the Memory of the Victims of the was Sint Sink. Manhasset village was to the church by Queen Anne, is still Wrecks formerly called Head of Cow Harbor. In use. Sammis' Hotel, on Front street, of the Bristol and Mexico, 1836-37. At the most northern part of the neck In Hempstead village, H.. is an inter- is Sands Point, named after an early esting old structure, said to be two owner. The Federal Government erect- centuries old. There is a tradition that jurisdiction over the town or any part ed a lighthouse here in 1809, built of Washington slept under its roof one of it until the colony was taken by the stone, and 80 feet high. It was named night. British. The territory of the town was Mitchell's Lighthouse, in honor of Dr. Foster Meadow, H., three or four inhabited by the Matinecoc and Massa Samuel L. Mitchtll. whose country miles south of Hempstead village, peaque tribes; the Matinecocs occupied seat, "Plandome," was at Cow Bay. was settled at an early period. Shortly the north shore. Before the arrival of Near the lie-hthouse was formerly a before the Revolution a Presbyterian the whites this tribe had been greatly Kidd's with rock of immense size, called church was erected, which was taken I reduced, probably through wars that trib- Rock. It was the general belief down by the British and removed to I the Mohawks, to whom they paid 32 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. ute; in 1650 Secretary Van Tienhoven Valley was organized. The church reported but fifty families left edi- in the Episcopal church at Hempstead, of tli«- fice, cstimateu lo ue of once important tribe. a vaiue of $io,- ridmg thither on horseback The Massa- 000, will be sold over Do- peaques Jived on the and a chapel will be soris Lane. The old Woolsey south shore, with erected at Glenhead, house is tneir main village Marossepinck this being a more still standing, the right-hand at Fort central point just now. doorway Neck. of the wide long hall is the spot, where Oester Baai; i. e.. Oyster The Dutch claimed that they Bay was in the time of the Revolutionary had named on account of the War begun the settlement of the fine oysters the whale boatmen made an unsuc- western found in this bay; the end of the island as early as town is called cessful attempt to bang Ueneial jNa- 1632 and I'olstone in an English that the territory of the town document of thaniel Coles. These marauders infested was a 1663-64. There were large part of the western end; the English shellheaps the Long Island Sound, making raids near the shores of Oyster claimed that the Earl of Sterling Bay; Indian on both shores in whaleboats. was cornfields had been abandoned In 1760 made the proprietor of the island there in Captain John Butler purchased an by lOoO. In 1G53 the Rev. William Leverich East order of Charles I, and that Island, he built the first he and others, in all flouring mill gave power to his ten families, pur- of Dosoris agent James Farrett chased about twenty on the dam between East ?,P°^^ '^"'^^ thousand acres of Island and ^2-« °^ "P°n it. Then in land in the mainland, his son-in- lbd9 barrett granted the town from the Indians for law, Nathaniel two necks of land the consideration Coles, added by pur- on both sides of of six Indian coats, chase the Oyster Bay to one SIX kettles, six remainder of the Woolsey Mattnew binderman fathoms of wampum six estate and or Sunderland a hoes, six hatchets, his four sons erected two sai or, for the three pair of stock- more consideration of ten ings, thirty awl mills on the dam between the shillings, in lawful blades or muxes two islands. money of England twenty knives, three The first mill was taken per annum. In the shirts and peaque down and following year Far- to the the two others were ae- rett authorized value of £4. When the vessel stroyed Daniel How and others arrived, by fire. to which brought these settlers purchase land around Oyster Bay from Rhode Bayvilie was formerly called Oak Harbor of the Island, it sailed into Neck on Indians, but the Dutch Hempstead Harbor, account of the many large Governor on being which was within oaks here. At Francis informed of this the Dutch jurisdiction Cove, on the sent some and landed the east side of soldiers there to break up cattle the neck, the Indians had the and goods there, because there a settlement. They found six men was no camping place. At Matinecock land a woman and house erected on Oyster Bay was granted, an infant on the ground' in which in 166«, to captain Joiiu one house the goods could have been l,Tnderhill, had been erected and an! received. famous as the Indian killer; At that time war prevailed John Feexe and William '° ''°"';^*' °f construction, between the l?'^ """ agreement to leave on account of his ad- SLf the Baxter, who was cruising against vanced ^^"^ dismissed. Another Dutch age. He says: "Myself and attemnt fi commerce under a commission seven other families ^'*'?"-' '^*'''"- ^^'^ ^ similar from Rhode have farms at fate^ThJ".fate. The treaty Island, captured the vessel Matinecock, and are on good terms of Hartford made while within the the westernmost part Dutch limits and the with the Indians there." In 1643 of the harbor the United Colonies he had boundary, the line had to interfere to been the leader of running straight to procure an expedition of the ocean, then the its restoration. three yachts which landed West India Com Glen Cove, at Oyster pany ordered the known as such since 1834 Bay harbor, sent out Dutch - Governor to was against the In- originally called Mosquetah, later dians in the "" ^°." °'' blockhouse on the later Queens County. One bayZT-in Eas? Musketo Cove, and at one order to more effectually time Pem- hundred and twenty Indians were killed resist broke, but this last name was never and three hundred he °^ the English"^ How- formally had destroyed everever, theth'r^.'^'''"""'conquest adopted. In 1661 Thomas north of the Sound. In of the colony by the Terry and 1653 he had at- Samuel Dearing asked for tacked the Massapeaque at i'ort Neck, permission to settle seven families at and had killed a number of them. ."^ """^^ '""'•^ 'nt° pos- Jnempstead and ten sessionseisi™ ?o.for a short time, at Matinecock; Prime says: "The Indians had erected Peter Stuv- when the last named settlement was this fort on Fort Neck in 1649; it t° ^^^ bouwery on made, meas- M^T.f^'"' ^''V'"^ a dispute arose between Hemp- ured thirty by fifty yards," Under- ^trt^"'!,".^^'''"'^ ^"'1 the fighting stead and spirit had departed the new settlement. Hemp- bill kept possession of the fort to pre- with him stead claimed About 1650, the territory as far east vent a reunion of the Indians. In when the Hartford treaty as 1667 had given "Musceata Coufe," while the line the Matinecoc this section of the gave Underbill one hun- the Dutch, town to laid down by the Sachem Takapousha dred and twenty acres they started a settlement of land, which was the western shore of Hempstead he named Killingworth; he '^. ^^<=°'-d.ance with the ordir o? died in 1672 M-est India the Harbor. So when Joseph Carpenter and was buried on his farm. Company to the Governor asked At Ma- at a place at for, and received a grant for tinecock is an old Friends academy, Shoobrook, above Beaver land on both sides of the river at Mus- and directly across the way the meet- ^"=""",1 ^'^'^'^ ^^«tern border ceata Coufe rZeTnJ." to settle there two or ing house had been erected in ^^"^'^ ^^"^ «P°t "Susco-s three 1725. wigwam '^ft plantations and a saw and full- Just beyond the present Locust Valley * ''^'"^ the residence of ing mill, sLf^pr^Q,, the constable and overseer of is Mill Hill, where fortifications °* ^^'^ Matinecoc were the Dutch .'°"^?°*'i Hempstead refused to assist him in built by the British '^f'"^^, Wol- laying out his w grounds, etc. The Court lution. At Buckram was the old Cocks vf.L °i'S^' " '^ "°^ 1^"°W" as Brook- of Assizes decided: settlement "That the governor farm of 250 acres, part of it is the pres- was claimed by has given his grant HempsteadHe^nJ""^ as part that Joseph Car- ent Piping Rock farm, comprising 100 of that town it penter is shall have leave to sit down acres, with the Cocks homestead """^^ ^""^^^^^^^ °^ O^^^te? at 'Musketo Coufe' Bay'tlllagJ. on the east side of upon it. Hempstead Harbor, whether '" belonging In Oyster Bay village the Summers eighteenth century, to Hempstead or not." Diftnh^fo ""''^^'^f In 1668 Carpen- House on South street is one of the K'"^« and Queens ter and four others Co, mil ^T"" purchased the land oldest houses, built long before the *?.*'^'" neighborhood from Susconamon settHnfsettling at.t T'"* and Werah, chiefs of Revolution. The Townsend Housa Wolverw Hollow, the present the Matinecocs. on The sawmill erected Main street, erected In 1740, was the ''"'''' Swai^^t?: by Carpenter was pre°stT'G'.e°nh:«r*present Glenhead, carried away by a quarters of the British officers. Col- some at Norwich freshet in 1699, but the present East his dwelling house onel Simcoe and others, during the Norwich, some at was standing until Eastwoods, the about fifty years Revolution. On Fort Hill are the re- present Syosset Tn the ago. The "Five the Proprietors" erected mains of the old fort, then occupied settlers attended services their houses on the north ^t^T'"r? side of the by the Hessian soldiers. Part of the ^"*'^ ^^""'"^ '" .TamaicI six- creek and called the teen+1^ settlement "The Youngs House on the Main is miles distant; in 1732 Place" road said a church which name has clung to the to was organized, and in have been built in 1655 by Thomas the same year nldp=;t p.nrt of the villa e-p. the present At the time Youngs. Washington was the site of the church at Wol^ of the Revolutionary guest ver Hollow was War there were of the house on his journey over the purchased from Ed- but twelve houses at Musketo Cove. mund Wright for island. Near by is the family burial the sum of $3™ .sub- Dosoris is situated on the scriptions were taken Sound, two place, one of the tombstones bearing up for the build- miles north of Glen Cove; the original date of 1720. The first Baptist church purchase of about one thousand raised the acres in the village was erected in 1724, about edifice was started. The of land was made by Robert present structure Williams twenty feet square, with a quadrangu- was erected in 1832 in the same year when Carpenter nnd It wns remodeled lar pointed roof; it was later con- in IST."^- it is a bought his land. Dosoris includes frame building, West verted into a stable. In 1801 a new edi- standing in the vallev Island and East Island. Williams of BrookviIIe on sold fice was erected near Fort Hill, a small knoll at the the property to Lewis Morris, who .lunction of the Center Island was sometimes called crossroads leading to oerain sold it to Daniel Whitehead Jericho. In back and Hog Island, and was in the original of the edifice are the the latter to his son-in-law, John sheds for Tay- deed reserved by the Indians, but it the horses and wae-ons some lor. Taylor was in possession in 1693, was soon after purchased by the whites were built in the earliest days each his daughter married the Rev. Benja- and transferred to the one being the nronertv of the min town in 16G5. family Woolsey, who named the place East Norwich was formerly knovi-n who built it. Tn 1734 a- the church was Dosoris, i, e,, "dos associated uxoris," the wife's Norwich, and was settled in 1680 by with the churches of New- dower. Between Lattingtown and town. .Tamaica the .Tames and George Thompson. The and Manhasset it was road leading to the tho onlv Islands are the name was altere'^ "t the suggestion of Reformed Church in the town two burial places of the until Woolsev the postal authorities to distinguish It 1871. when the church at Locust family. Woolsey used to hold services from another Norwich in this State Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 33

At Cold Spring Harbor the Indian TOWN OF HUNTINGTON. If the Matinecoc, Massepeague and name of the land on the west side o£ Merric would have had any claim to the creek was \N awepex, and Nacha- (Now Huntington and Babylon.) the territory of the town of Hunting- quatucli on the titst side. The latter The four original Long Island tribes ton, this tract would have been in- name appears in 1666 as a Matinecoc distributed as follows: Nesa- cluded in the sale to village near the present Cold Spring were The the Dutch made quake occupied the northern half of the by Mechowodt, in 1639, yet the Dutch Harbor. The old settlement, East original town of Huntington and also never tried to lay claim to part Woods, became, later, Woodbury any and of this town. Syosset. Daniel Whitney, who was Smithtown; the Setatiket the northern Babylon was taken in 1872 from the born at Stamford. Conn., in 1758, came Town of Huntington, and was incor- alter the lieNuimionary War to Long porated a distinct township. Island and settled near Eastwoods; his The ter- ritory of the original of son Daniel was Ijorn here in the old Town Hunting- ton was claimed by the Matinecoc, homestead in 1781. The house is to be Massapeaque and Secatoag. The earliest removed from its old site to make it deed for land in this town was issued possible to straighten tne tracks of the to Governor Eaton Long Island Railroad. The Indian of the Colony of New Haven, in 1646. The actual set- name of Jericho was Lusam. It was tlement of the town also known at one time as Springfield, was commenced in and at anotner time as Thel'arms. The 1653, when a purchase of land was made by some men Friends meeting house was first erected from Massachusetts. of in 1689, at which time several families The name the town originated from the of Friends took up their residence here fact that in this first purchase a neck and soon after in tlie neighboring lands of land was reserved by the In- about Westbury, in the town of Hemp- dians for the purpose of hunting. In stead, now North Hempstead. the following extracts from a court pro- The Bethpage tract was ptirchased ceeding, the witnesses state that the from the Indians by Thomas Powell.l Indians reserved the neck of land for an active Friend from Huntington, in' their hunting. Hence the name Hunt- 1695. and an additional purchase was ington; i e., the hunting-town, or the made by him four years later. .\ meet- town around the hunting-grounds, ing house was built in 1742. and a new was applied to the original town, which one in 1816. Hardscrabble, now Farm- comprised six square miles, i. e., the ingdale, was included in this tract. land between Cold Spring and East Manetto Hill, north of Bethpage. re- Cow Harbor, and extended from the ceived its name, according to Furman, Sound to the coimtry road. Of this from an Indian tradition concerning a territory, Caumsett, or Horse Neck, the spring of water which, having been later Lloyd's Neck, was excluded, .and found during a severe drought, was was in 1654 sold by the Indians to three considered a "godsend." men living in Oyster Bay. Fort Neck was bought from the Mas- At the General Court of Assizes, held .sepeaque in 1693 for £15. by Thomas half of Brookhaven; the Secatoag oc- at New York City in September, 1665, Town.send, who gave the tract to his cupied the southern half of Hunting- Mr. Leveredge, the attorney for the de- son-in-law. Major Thomas .Tones. The ton and also Islip, and the Unkechaug fendant in the case, viz.: the Town of Indians had a fort here, a square the southern half of Brookhaven. Huntington, produced an assignment earthwork, surrounded by .a ditch. An- Some of the tribes were in a weakene'i from the inhabitants of Oyster Bay other place of defense consisted of pal- condition, and this fact explains many of all their rights to the land at Htmt- lisadoes set in the meadow. The tide of the recorded irregularities. ington. etc., bearing date of April 2, has worn away the meadow and the The Matinecoc removed in 1643 tem- 1653; wherein, he said. Horse Neck is place is now covered with water. Be- porarily to the territory of their neigh- included (though not by name men- tioned), as not being excepted. Daniel Whitehead, one of the first purchasers of Land at Oyster Bay and Huntington, declared that Horse Neck did never be- long to either of the towns, it being reserved by the Indians at their first sales "for hunting." and yet Mr. Lever- edge, being told by a chief sachem, he wrote to the said Daniel Whitehead, to buy it, otherwise, he should not come to live at Huntington. Robert Will- iams, also one of the first purchasers, declared that Horse Neck was excepted by the Indians in the first sale, as re- served for their hunting, so Oyster Bay could not resign, what they had not. He said, moreover, that they being sensible of their want of title to the said neck, he struck a bargain with an Indian for it and delivered him a coat in part payment, but the Indian coming no more, he could not get «^ -*^en through with his bargain, which after- wards Daniel Whitehead did perform. Krtanomocke was the name of an 3><; Indian village at or near the site of Huntington Village, derived from Keht anome ohke (principal inside pl.ice: i. '.. in back of the bay). In 1660 the town put herself under the jurisdiction of Connecticut, this connection was dissolved in 1664, on the conquest of New Netherland. A town patent w,as issued in 1666. The first church in Huntington Vil- lage was organized in 1658. These earliest churches on Long Island, out- tween the beach and the meadow are bors, the Nesaquake, and later they side of the jurisdiction of the Dutch. the Squaw Islands. To these the even sold part of that territory to the were variously called Presbyterian, squaws and children were sent in times- white settlers. Two years after the Independent, Congregational, Puritan, of battle. The Jones homestead on the Matinecoc had invaded the Nesaquake etc. The church edifice was erected land the eastern tribes Massepequa stream, and known as the took the tour in 1665, a little west of the present site, tribes under their protection. In 1659 and was enlarged in 1685. In 1715 old brick house, was erected in 1696. a Wyandance, the Montauk chief, gave new building was started, but after a It was taken down in 1837. The Fort part of their territory to Lion Gardiner beginning had been made, it was taken Neck House was built in 1770. The and the Nesaquake chiefs gave after- down again and removed to the present population of the town of Oyster Bay ward a release for the land to Oar- location, on the corner of Main and in ISIO was 4,725: diner. Spring streets: it was furnished with a 34 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. bell. In 1777 the British converted the Great Cow Harbor, and Centerport was from the first settlement until a cer- church into a military depot, the bell Cow Harbor; there is an old mill at tain term of years shall be expired, was taken away, and though it wa.s Northport. The Walt Whitman home- as in the patent is expressed. Now his afterwards restored, it had been so in- stead is located at West Hills. Mel- honor's meaning therein is that from jured as to be useless. In 1782 Count ville was formerly Sweet Hollow, its the time of Mr. Smith's arrival here, Rumford, who was then in command of Indian name was Sunsquams. Vernon until such a time, the land shall be the troops, had the building torn down Valley was formerly known as Red free, so that if your late seizure of any and the timber was used to erect bar- Hook. beasts for a rate or tax be for any racks for the troops in the center of the Babylon Village, B., was originally such thing, before the time of the Gov- cemetery; the graves were leveled and known as Sampawam's Village, and ernor's coming, they are not cleared the tombstones used for building the existed as a settlement on Sampa- by this patent; but if it be for any rate fireplaces and ovens for baking pur- wam's Neck long before the Revolution. since, you are to make return of the poses. The remains of the Britisn beasts, or any other goods you have fortifications, made then, are still to be seized, and also to forbear doing the seen. Some of the tombstones in tlie like in the future." cemetery date back to the seventeenth On April 3, 1666, Matthias Nicolls century. A new church edifice was .sent a letter to Richard Smith, in which constructed in 17S4; the manse was he states: That since the letter was built nearly a century ago. The first sent by him to the constable and over- building of St. John's Episcopal Church seers of Seatalcott, the Governor was was erected in 1750, the Silas Wood informed that Mr. Smith had not only House is said to be over two centuries been notified of the tax, levied on his old; the Lefferts homestead, too, is a property, but that he had also given a very old structure; the Chichester bond to the officer of the town for homestead gave shelter to Nathan the payment thereof and he has de- Hale. creed: "That the time of your lands at Lloyd's Neck, formerly called Horse Nesaquake being freed from rates, Neck, contains 2,849 acres of land, and shall begin only from the day of the is situated between Cold Spring and date of your patent and what you Huntington harbors; wigwams and LEFFERTS HOMESTEAD, HUNTINGTON. have been assessed at before for those shellbanks were frequent along the west lands, is to be paid to the officers, shore. The neck, called by the Indians empowered by the law, to receive it; "Caurasett," was purchased in 1654 from and if you go on with your bargain Indian Ratiocan, the Sagamore of Cow Har- An deed for the neck was ob- with Mr. Delavall, about the two tained in bor; twenty-four years later James 1689 from several Indians, who horses, you were treating about, and called themselves "the Lloyd of Boston became the owner, and chiefheads of draw a bill upon him for so much as the Secatoag." In 1730 small from him the neck received its present a church your rate amounts to, he will allow edifice was erected, it name. Under the name of "Queens was taken down it; and upon the delivery thereof to by British Village," the neck was made an inde- the and its timber was used Mr. Lane, there will be orders taken for military pendent plantation or manor (English purposes; in 1784 a new for the return of your oxen. I am, building was erected. fashion) in 1G85, but in 1790 a renewal The oldest part moreover, to put you in mind of your of this privilege of the estate was de- of the Conklin homestead at West former engagement before his honor, Deer Park, B., is said to have been to contriliute to the allowance of the built in the earliest days of the settle- Minister of Seatalcott until you shall ment of old Huntington Town. Castle otherwise be provided what will be Conklin is situated on Cap Tree Island, expected from you." B. ; Havemeyer's Point Inn is on the On April 5, 1666, Francis Mancy, Great South Bay, B.; Amity ville, B., constable, and Daniel Lane, one of the was formerly West Neck; Powell's overseers of Seatalcott, and Richard Creek at this place was called "Nar- .Smith, being called before the Gov- rasketuck." In 1810 the population of ernor, agreed: "That the said Richard the Town of Huntington was 4,424, in- Smith, notwithstanding any clause or cluding 53 slaves; the taxable prop- circumstance in the patent, lately erty was valued at ?736,350. granted by his honor, unto him or any former agreement with the commis- sioners of His Majesty's colony of TOWN OF SMITHTOWN. Hartford, is and shall be lyable to pay all rates and levyes according to Richard Smith, jr., came with his the proportion of his estate at Nesa- father, Richard Smith, sr., from Glou- quake until the day and date of the cestershire, England, to Boston in 1630, said patent, and likewise that he pay where he married. He settled with his towards the maintenance of the minis- father at Taunton, in 1641; he purchas- ter at Seatalcott during the term in ed a large tract on Narragansett Bay ye said patent mentioned, or until he and built a trading house at Wickford. shall be otherwise provided, and that At various times up to 1659 he acquired nothing in the said patent expressed other large parcels of land. shall hinder the said Richard Smith In 1654 the war broke out between from trying his title at law to any Ninigret and the eastern Long Island land, that now is or hereafter may be tribes; in one of his attacks Ninigret in question between him and the town captured the daughter of Wyandance of Seatalcott or any others." of Montauk. Lion Gardiner restored In the following March an agreement the daughter to the Montauk chief, was made between Richard Smith and who then gave him in 1659 the Nesa- the town of "Brookhaven," by which FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. quake lands on the north shore of he was to convey to the said town Long Island, for which he received a all the right, title and interest, which HUNTINGTON. release from the Nesaquake chief he has or claims in and to a certain three years later. parcel of land, lying within the west In 1663, Gardiner sold the Nesaquake line of the said town. The town prom- nied by the Legislature of the newly- lands to Richard Smith, jr., who hav- ised to reimburse him for all expenses established State. The British built ing had differences with his neighbors and all money laid out by him for the Fort Franklin, named in honor of the in Rhode Island removed to here and town's use. Also for the next year, his Tory Governor of New Jersey, during purchased in 1665 the remaining part land shall not be rated or taxed, nor the Revolutionary War here. Lloyd's of the later town, west of the Nisso- any levy be made thereupon toward Pomt Lighthouse marks the entrance quogue River, from the Indians. the maintenance of the minister, but to the harbor. Lloyd's Neck was On March 27, 1666, Secretary Matthi- he shall be wholly excused for the made part of the Town of Oyster Bay as Nicolls sent a letter to the Con- said year, the town making good the in 1788, but has in later times been stable and Overseers of Seatalcott, same. incorporated with Huntington. in which he said: "That upon consider- It appears from the foregoing para- Eaton's Neck was known as Eaton's ation of an agreement heretofore made graphs that Richard Smith, on the Manor, and as Gardiner's Neck; it was between the Commissioners of His Ma- strength of the patent granted to him anne.\ed in 17SS, when the town was jesty's Colony of Connecticut and Mr. by the Commissioners of Connecticut, recognized by the law of the State. Smith of Nesaquake, Governor Nicolls refused to pay part of the rate of the Eaton's Neck Lighthouse was erected has been pleased to confirm the same town of Seatalcott. His patent guaran- in 1798; the steamer Lexington was and to grant to Mr. Smith a patent teed exemption from taxation for a destroyed by fire near the neck in 1840. for his lands, with the privilege that certain number of years, but Seatal- The Northport region was formerly it shall be free from all rates and taxes cott apportioned a part of the town Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 35 rate upon a section of his land, which TOWN OF ISLIP they claimed was within their town ^^ established his perma- limits, and on his refusal nent!j?n; residence.?M™ at Great to pay the Neck >j On September 29, twice He wa tax, the constable seized some of his 1650, Nasseconsack, married; in 1693 he married Sachem of Long Island" sold Van Rensellaer, Anna oxen. to Ed- daughter of Jerem ah mond Wood, Jonas Wood, Jeremv Van Rensellaer, I'robably on the occasion of his meet- Wood, and widow of Kin an Timothy Wood, Daniel White- Van Rensellaer, one ing with the town officers of Seatal- head and of the heirs o" Stephen Hudson a tract of the original proprietor cott, in the presence of the Governor, land from the of the Manor Nesaquake River east- °;. f^^r'l'-ierwyck. he coined the word "Bull rider." "Bull" ward In 1704 Wilfiam to a river called Memanusack, Mcolls became the denotes a diploma, a decree, given by lying proprietor of a traS on the north side of of land on some high authority; Long Island; Shelter Island, embracing a "rider" is an ad- and on the south from Connecticut ditional clause four ?^* '^'^"'^- by the will to a document, in- necks westward. ?rmie'i''^.,°'or Liues bvlvester serted after its completion; it is de- Jonas Wood, Jeremy Wood and ^^S' "o rived from the Anglo-Saxon "ridan," Daniel sIk!'';"''',"'®.^^"^ doubt, origin- Whitehead went to view the to oppress, to burden, to lie heavily '''^ ^^'^""^ estate ^ex- tour necks of meadow, lying clusively,cl i^i^'J? buth'^.t*"in upon. The patent issued by Governor westward course of time to the from Conecticutt River, and entire town. In Nicols stated that the plantation was there lived a manner stoi ar to and old Homes (homos=Narragansett, °' ^^" Rensellaer to be free from taxation for a certain he ?"r l^" famil>° '"^'^ a'^ays number of years from the date of Mr. the iulFJ''^''^^ devised to Smith's arrival. ''"'^ ^^^ ^'^<'"«'- Island Afterward the Gov- piopeitynrooe tt tot,^°"' a younger son; and the ernor decreed that the time of freedom islip estate remained from the undivided for taxation was to begin with more than a century the date of the patent, granted by him. W;illiam Nicolls died in 1723, his This last clause is what Richard Smith having wife died eight years prior termed the "buUrider," and to this The tf,wn began to be .settled day his descendants are called Bull- In 1668, and «'as organized in 1710 Smiths. ^''"'^ occupied the land The Matinecoc retired the eastBnL''^ofFfl''^°^^ had during the Connetquot Brook or Nic- war of 1643 to the territory of the Secatoag, • ^^^ nearly ex- set- tinctHn^.t ^^;f Nesaquake tribe. Here the first when the island was first settled by the tlement was made in 166S at Nisse- whites, were on the west side of the quogue on the harbor on the north waterway, extending along the shore; near the point were shellheaps. south coast as far west Town; as Oyster Bay The name of the plantation appears iii then-principal village was about a mile the patent as "Smithfield or Smith- southwest of the pre.sent Islip town." Smithtown village was also 0'yi"Pic. y.i r-n'u''''" From this point known as "Head of the Harbor." PAPER MILL ON ^^^^ westward to the county ORIWIE LAKE. ISLIP, line Richard Smith was buried at Nisse- ERECTED 1820. The neck of land quogue, near his residence. The Pres- wams adjoining Skook- byterian Church of Smithtown was Neck on the east, then known as organized about 1698 and the first Georges Neck, with Fort Neck, an old man) and his son, called edifice was erected at Nissequogue; whose name by the Indians Sequatogue was Wanequaheag, Neck, in 1750 the church was removed who owned these and Oak Neck, alias Oquenock, necks, and the purchasers of Smithtown Branch and here, about of the land were purchased from the aborigines told them that Nasseconseke six feet in the rear of the present had un- Thomas and Richard Willett in dertaken to sell to 1692.li^o edifice, tlie first structure on the new them these four East of these necks, Sagthekoos, necks and "they seemed or site was erected. It was a mere shell very willing." Appletree Neck, was patented to The deed covers the land Stephen covered with boards, the shingles and on the north Van Cortlandt, in 1697; east side from the east side of of this rafters were exposed and no plaster Nesaquake neck was the land granted to River to Stony Brook John was on the walls. In 1827 this build- and extending Mowbray, in 1708, extending to across the island, ing was removed and was for years embraced the four the Oriwie Creek. Mowbray acquired necks west of Connetquot this used as a woolen factory at New Mills; or Nicolls tract of land from the Van Cort- River. Thus a great part of landt tlie pre.sent building is standing about the later brothers, who had bought it from towns of Smithtown Islip the 100 feet back from the road, the and were sold Secatoag five years prior, viz, in 1703. in 1650 to these men, The churchyard being in front of the edi- whose names ap- land farther east extending to pear among the fice; it was dedicated in 1827, the purchasers of Indian Wmganhauppauge Creek, or Chara- lands in various towns church was regularly organized in 1751. of Long Island, plain's Creek, was granted to Andrew but it seems that they In 1911 the old building located west of never applied Gibb; the tract extending east from for a patent for this tract. tlie church and built about the same this point as far as Blue Point, was Nasseconsack was, no time, when the first church was erected, doubt, a Nesa- granted to William Nicolls in parts, quake chief and viz.. was removed to another site on the Wanequaheag a in 1684, 16S6 and 1697, also the secatoag chief. In 1683 Winnequaneag, Hauppauge road. Epenetus Smith, Seal Islands, or Fire Islands, in ICSS. Indian Sachem of Connetquot who was born in 1724, erected the (Wane- In 1769 a small church edifice was quaheag mentioned in house and occupied it as a tavern from 1650) sold to Wil erected by a descendant of Nicolls near about 1750 until his death in 1803; it was then used as a dwelling for about sixty years. In the early sixties it was again opened as a tavern by Israel Whitman, who subsequently purchased the building; in the early days the tavern was the stopping place for the second night on the stage trip from New York City to Sag Harbor; the fare from New Yorl< City to' Smithtown was 8 shillings. Special terms of court were held in a large room in the sec- ond story of the tavern. Hauppauge or Hoppogue. formerly called "Wheel- er's." after an early settler, is an old settlement; on the Nissequogue South Farm is an old mill. Indian burial FIRE ISLAND LIGHTHOUSE. places were discovered near Fort Sa- longa. This fort, also called Fort Slongo, was constructed by the Brit- liam Nicolls the neck of land between the middle of the town, ish during the Revolutionary War at the Connetquot the later and Cantasquntha St. John's; it was Treadwell's bank; it was captured by a occasionally used Rivers. by the party of Americans Episcopal Church, though it re- in 1781, who de- William Nicolls was the son of stroyed the mained unblessed by the bishop until fortifications and two Matthias Nisolls, who was descended cannon, look twenty-one prisoners, one 1843. The paper mill on Oriwie Lake from an old family at Islip, Northamp- was built in 1820; the Fire brass piece, the British colors and a Island Light- tonshire, England, and he probably ap- house, situated quantity of small arms; also on Fire Island Beach, ammuni- plied the name of the tion, returning without family's old was built in 1858. the loss of a home to his man. estate here. William Lake Ronkonkoma is located in the Nicolls received a patent from Gov- northeastern corner of Islip, portions In 1810 the population of the town ernor Fletcher in 1697, by which hi.s of it are within the was 1592. including limits of Brook- seventy-four slaves; several purchases of land in this town haven and the taxable valuation amounted Smithtown. The lake is to were confirmed to him, extending from in the midst of an extensive $374,209. Champlain's forest, Creek to the eastern town pear-shaped, three miles in circumfer- 36 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. ence, and covers a surface of I 460 acres. .said that "Governor Winthrop came wassett; Its greatest depth is the first settlers named it 63 feet; great over upon the island and the speaker's Drowned quantities of white quartz arrowheads Meadow; the present name , people gave him a piece of meadow, he was adopted have been found on the east side about seventy years ago. uf the being a very good man, but he is lake, they are The wooded peninsula, forming the common eastward. now dead, and did not buy any upland, In 1810 the oastern shore of the village, was called population of the town and the meadow was given of Islip to him; by the Puritans "Mount was 885, including 13 slaves, and yet one Dayton Misery"; the and those of Sea- the place now occupied by taxable property was valued at talcott claim both upland Cedar Hill and meadow Cemetery was named bv the Indians and Dayton has built a house upon L umsewogue. the upland. There is no record that The Roe House, Governor built in the first Winthrop had ever improved quarter of the eighteenth TOWN OF the land, century, BROOKHAVEN. still it may be assumed that forms now a part of the Townsend he acquired the land on the south side House. A grist mill was erected in Se- Of this town on of Long Island for a definite snnn! '<'f"°'"y the purpose. tauket Village in 1690, which south side was purchased from was in Patchoag the It will be remembered that Winthrop use for about eighty years; before the and that on the north side had founded trom the Saybrook on the mouth of mill was built, the farmers sent their Setauket tribe. The last the Connecticut River, in 1635. The grain to Connecticut to have it made .""''"'' ^^'"^ occupied the Narragansett shore^b^f"^ north River being the eastern into flour. Dyker's Neck or Poquot, from Stony Brook to Ime Wading of the tract patented to Lord Sav divides the harbors of ?'^'^^-.«°'d their last Setauket and remaining fandf and Seal and Lord Brook et al. The Port m 16,0. Jefferson. At Port Jefferson the The first settlement in this nearest river on the east, outside of shipbuilding industry was started in |°^°„^as made by men from this tract, was Boston the Mystic River. 1797, prior to *hat the village had but ^ P°'-'" ^^""''^ the Setau- It would ket h''»H fy, seem that Governor Win- five houses. Ket had tlaeir principal village throp and it purchased the tract from the The Indian name of Stony Brook, on *^^* '^'^'^"^ Patchoag Indians ?hfl ,1^.^"'^ '°T Setauket. in 1666 for the pur- Smithtown Bay, was Wopowog. Im- '''''' '^"own at first as Setau- pose of duplicating his enterprise mense kit oT organized of quantities of shells were found J^'^^ in 1658. In the IbM. by starting a colony on the here. utrist of^f delegates, south A Methodist church was erected of the several towns to side of Long Island, in a the meeting at neighborhood at this place in 1817. Mount Sinai was Hempstead in 1665, this which resembled the site of town IS his New formerly known as Old Man's; the In- called Seatalcott, in a docu- England settlement. To ment of make the re- dian name was Nonowantuck. A Con- 1668, Seatalcott alias Brook- semblance still more real he called the gregational church was erected here in °^ 1«^2, Seatalcott waterway Connecticut or Connctquot, alllfalias BrookRr" L^T^'^'^'' 1720, which was rebuilt in 1805. Millers Haven, in 1680 we find and the settlement itself record a Brook Haven Place was settled bv Andrew Miller, of Seatalcutt South 1 lie tract of land he named Savfield on about 1659. In 1631, the the The oldest part of the Earl of Warwick, Presi- west and Brookfield on the east. Miller homestead was built by his Council of New England, The sandbar across the Great South h»H ?^ i^ay grandson, William, in 1700. Wiliiam's '°.^°'''* ^""y ^"d Sell and Seal Island," and the creek i ordT"'f on son built the second section, and his ^^ several others land on east outside of his tract he theibJl? ?"'l M*^ called grandson the third, in 1816. main, extending from Narragansett Mystic River. At Wading River are many shellheaps. Eight ^'^Jtward 130 miles along the Brook Haven and Brookfield ^^ZZ remind families settled here in 1671. ^" the younger John Brook, Sayfleld and Seal Island W.^fthV ^f^ °f T°'"'J Corum, or Coram, is a very old set- ""™her of men to ^""^ ^'"' Seal. The latter had KievitKiPv,?'<°Jis ^'T^K'' inIn i^?n K tlement. A Baptist church was built Hoeck at the mouth of Connecti- 1660 become a leading member of the <-omniittee here in 1747. In this neighborhood are t^he nam., of the on Colonies, which was cre- i,h,p?'tTb''"''.'^S''"^'''' attd lor the some of the highest hills in the county. \° ?°"" Say-Brook in honor of purpose of receiving hear- fit ing, Yaphank was called patentees. The settlers tore down examining and deliberating upon at one time Mill- the1^1 Dutch any ville, and later Brookfield. arms, which were found fast- Petition, memorial or other papers Its pre.sent ened to a tree. name is derived from Lion Gardiner, .vho was ^'."^? ''"> persons, respecting a creek and neck with them, thehfplantationsZ-^' of land at South Haven. erected a fort at Sav Brook in America, and to re- The first set- and acted tlement as its commander until he ® proceedings to the council of the place dates back over a purchased, tromf,"^'',l , in 1639, Manchonock, or the time to time. century. There is here an old sawmill. Isle of Wight, i. e., Gardiner's Moriches still retains the Indian name Island ''' '? ""'a&e of the name and removed Sa>SnT'ltlit of of the section. to it. yille, just outside the western town At Centre Moriches the On the limit large Hotel Brooklyn same patent was another set- now withm the town of Islip was destroyed by tlement We fire a made in 1638 by men from "^" ^"^^<' was ifan^d few years ago. Mastic is the Boston under after,f?er'sev*n^*Sevilla, name of a large tract of it the leadership of Eaton a city in Spain, and that ; parts were and Davenport. he name know as Sabonock, The place, called by Sayville came into use Necommack, Coos- the Indians hrough an putus, Paterquos, Quinnipiack, and by Adri- error of the secretary o? Uncohoug and Mat- an Block Rodenbergh, temay. At Mastic Neck, a short dis- i. e., Red Moun- adont^f '";^,; ''' ^'^'^'^ the name was tain, was named New Haven. probability, tance from Mastic Station, is the reser- tvTTLf ^^""V,^ ^ how- In 1643, the New England Colonies Sayville is the modern form vation of the Poosepatuck. The tract formed of Sa>^a.fit^field, a confederacy and John Win- now applied to a distinct between the Islip line and Bellport was throp became •*''''' purchased from the Indians by Gov- the presiding commis- was thT/- ^"'^"'' ^e are told, sioner The right of Connecticut ^""'" hy the Indians ernor Winthrop, in 1666. to set- File?,>» Islandrl? '^"i? to tle colonies on Long Island, which waj Beach on account of seals Little Neck, now known as Strong's denied by the Dutch, ^^*^'' the spot for their Neck, by the Indians called Minasser- was recognized voHt"/V fi- hay-j-^rook became rite place.f The Mystic River oke, on the north shore, was purchased a part of Connecti- know as we cut in 1644 in Mastic or Forge River by Colonel William Smith, in 1686. and the same year the cc.ui;se in independent of time the name altered Along the south shore Smith acquired, plantation of Southamp- Mastic, may in o ton or Southton, have been applied to in 1691, the large tract of land between on Long Island, was neck on which the taken into the the Unkeehaitg had a the former East Connetquot River — juri.sdiction of Connec- village. The Brook Haven ticut Seatalcott, or Setauket, placed settlement the present Carman's River — and the Itself under the protection °^ "''^ ConnecUcuI Southampton line. These purchases of Connec- nfve?Tbout%'J:°"*'^uiver. about the present South ticut in 1659, and became a Haven were confirmed under the title of part of ^^^'t°" that colony in 1662. VlltonT^T^'^'^r}'^ stood on "Manor of St. George." Manorville, or On March P'^'^^^nt Brook- Manor, received its name from being 12, 1664, Charles II., by let- havenna\en villagevil^t?"' and'"'f"* ters patent, was occupied hv included in this patent as a then granted the land occupied men engaged in the al- by the Dutch, making of tar ready existing settlement. The village together with Long Is- Setauket Village, the land, to his Sichteyhackv has an old, interesting church. Colonel brother .James, the Duke Indian village of the of lork. fiovernor Dutch records is Williara, called Tangier Smith, built Winthrop, on seeing ''°*'^ the letters ^"^«« of the harbor the St. George manor house, on Smith's patent, informed the Eng- on ?hfthe cliffs,r"^ overlooking lish on Long Island Port Jef- Point, on Great South Bay. A third that Connecticut ferson, ,n the hollow. The had no longer any claim ery old ceme- structure was erected in 1810; the fam- on the Island divides it into East Silas Wood and West Se- ily burial place is close by. Near says: "It seems, however, tauket. In the early that the colony days a structure Smith's Point the British erected a of Connecticut was was erected in the village, still desirous which served strongly fortified fort, which they of retaining Long Is- as Town Hall and church. land under her The first named "St. George." This fort was jurisdiction and the Episcopalian Church on several towns on Long Island surprised and taken by a party of the island, which had was erected here in been 1730, having been eighty Americans in 1780. They connected with that colony, were organized five crossed years prior; it was as anxious that this connection should named, when the Long Island Sound from Connecti- be continued." built, Christ Church, but cut, landing at Old Man's Harbor. when Queen Caroline, the In 1666, John wife of They marched to Corum, where they Winthrop purchased a George II, donated a tract of land silver Communion destroyed 300 tons of hay; then to on the south side ex- "service to the church, Fort tending its name changed St. George, which was captured from the western limit of the to Caroline Church: with- town to tradition has it out any loss on the side of the Ameri- Carman's River. On occasion that the edifice, of which is still standing cans. Over fifty of the enemy a hearing on Indian affairs on No- was used as were barracks by the Hessians. made prisoners, and a large vember :,. 1677, a Patchoag Indian he amount of ap- 1 site of the village of Port Jef- property was destroyed. peared before Governor Andros and ferson was Near the fort called by the Indians Sou- is the house where William Floyd Eagle Library LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENL. 37

Smith, one of the sigriers of the Decla- Old Fields Point, on the north shore, L'Hommedieu house. The Horton ration of Independence, resided. At was called by the Indians Cometico; a house was erected by Barnabas Hor- Kire Place, or Southaven, formerly lighthouse was built here in 1823. ton, one of the first settlers. There is called "The Mills," on account of grist Wampmissic was the name given to an Indian burial gi-ound with pottery and sawmili.s situated there, find eight a large tract of swamp land in this half a mile east of the village. Lodge miles west of Moriches, a church was town. There were wigwams and shell- .=ites are on the opposite shore south- organized in 1767. heaps from this town westward, near ward. A lighthouse was erected on Bellport, on Occombamack Neck, is the shore. Horton's Point. In 1810 the population of the town The Corchatig tribe had a village at was 4,176, including 126 slaves. The taxable property was valued at $767,740.

TOWN OF SOUTHOLD.

Until 1730 Shelter Island was united with Southold, but in that year it was j set off as a distinct township. River- head was taken off in 1792. The pres-

1 nt town of Southold includes Fishers I.sland, Plum Island, Robins Island and the Gull Islands. The territory east of Cutchogue was called by the Indians Yennecock, and by the English North- fleet. The land was purchased from the Corchaug tribe in 1640 by English set- tlers from New Haven, under the lead- CHAMPLAIN HOUSE, ORIENT. ership of the Rev. The j John Youngs. town put itself under the jurisdiction of New Haven in 1648, and later, 'n Cutchogue. South of this place, on the OLD FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 1674, of New York. Southold was orig- east side of Fort Neck, on Peconic inally an independent plantation, the Bay, was a fort. The lines of earth are SOUTHOLD. three towns on the east end of the distinct and inclose one-half to three- island were styled the Three Planta- fourths of an acre. Lodge sites are tions. Presbyterian Church of near the shore, east of Cutchogue. A miles The three west of Fire Place. The church was erected in the village in Bell House, built by Captain Bell about 1732. which was repaired in 1838. seventy-five years ago, is now known The territory, including the present as Mallard Inn. Patchogue is named town of Riverhead, was purchased from after the tribe which had its principal the Corchaugs in 1649. Mattituck vil- village here. Besides this .me, they had lage is two miles west of Cutchogue. others at Fire Place, Mastic and The old mill here was erected in 1820 Moriches, the tribe extending then liy Richard Cox on the Mattituck from Patchogue to Eastport, along Creek. The Presbyterian Church was the coast. few mixed bloods A organized in 1715 and an edifice was are still living on the reserva- erected. A second structure on the tion of 50 acres on the Forge River, in ISSO. near same site was built Mastic. This reservation was Greenport Village was commenced in ceded by the lord of St. George's 1827. The site of the village was for- Manor, Colonel William Smith, to their merlv the Webb farm, which was laid sachem, Tobaccus. The survivors, MILL ON MATTITUCK CREEK, BUILT BY out in building lots in 1820. Seventy known as Poosepatuck, have no knowl- years ago the place was known as edge of the language nor the customs RICHARD COX. 1820. Sterling. The house which gave shel- of their ancestors. Elizabeth .Joe, their woman ter to Washington one night is still sachem and last chief, died in standing, now within the village limits. 1832. In 1890 they numbered ten fami- Southold Village was organized by the The Clarke House on Main street was lies. They are governed by three Rev. John Y'oungs. An edifice was opened as a hotel in 1831. It was trustees. erected in 1642, which was used as such once the home and hostelry of Sheriff A Congregational church was built in until 1684, when it was converted into Clarke, a magnate of the county. An- Patchogue in 1767; jail, until a second building a county serving the purpose other old hotel is the Booth House. Long was erected in 1822. Among the land- 1725, when the court house and jail Beach Lighthouse marks the entrance gristmill, marks are Terry's old the were built at Riverhead. A new to Greenport harbor. Lodge sites and shellheaps are along the south shore of the point, east of Greenport. East Marion was formerly known as Rocky Point. Orient, formerly Oyster Ponds, and by the Indians called Poquatuck, is a

peninsula, five miles long, and one mile broad, containing about 3,000 acres. HORTON HOUSE, SOUTHOLD. Peter Hallock purchased the land from the Indians in 1646. Orient Village is situated on the southwestern part of Case homestead and the Roe Hotel. church was erected in 1684 and a third the peninsula. The settlement of this Blue Point is situated on a neck of structiire in 1813. The churchyard wa^ territory was started in 1647. The land southwest of Patchogue. The established in the earliest days of the Champlain House on lower Main street creek west of this point is called Man- settlement. The son of the Rev. John was built in 1735, the Mulford House owtasquott. Near Blue Point, on the Youngs built the Y'^oungs house here, in 1666. A lighthouse was erected on Merrick Road, is "Ye Anchoiage Inn." which is still standing. Close by is the Orient Point. A little northwest of Orient 38 Eagle Library-^LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

and between two considerable eleva- ern end as Race Point. Near the lands on Long Island, he was at lib- tions near the Sound is a burial place, western end is a sand bluff, called erty to select for his own use 12,000 establislied by the original settlers and Mount Prospect. John Winthrop, the acres. He decided to take Shelter Is- filled with graves almost to the very later Governor of Connecticut, pur- land and Robins Island, in Peconic summit of the hills, many inscriptions chased the island from the Indians in Bay, both of which came in 1641 into dating from the seventeenth century. 1644. Fisher's Island was made a the possession of Stephen Goodyear of Upon the eastern part of Oyster Ponds township by patent from Governor New Haven. Goodyear conveyed the is- s. fort was erected during the Revolu- Nicolls in 1668. For a time it was lands to Thomas Middleton, Thomas tion by a party of American soldiers, claimed by Connecticut. The first Rouse, Constant Sylvester and Na- under the command of Colonel Living- lighthouse was built in 1825, the second thaniel Sylvester for 16 hundredweights ston, for the purpose of preventing the in 1858. This is 150 feet in height. of good merchantable Muscovado sugar. landing of British troops upon this The Dumplings are a group of rocks Nathaniel Sylvester part of the island. married and set- in Fishers' Island Sound. lighthouse tled Shelter Nearly a mile easterly of Oyster A on Island in 165.3, which was erected in 1848 on the North was then inhabited the Point, or Oyster Ponds Point, is Plum by Manhasset Dumpling; it is 25 feet height; the Island. This island probably received in tribe. Shelter Island was incorporated light is 70 feet above the level of the its name from a rock by patent, issued to Constant and Na- which lay upon water. it, in a level field. The rock was quite thaniel Sylvester in 1666 by Governor Robins Island, called by the Indians regular in form, rather roundish in Nicolls; its government was united .Vnchannock, contains about 450 acres. shape and about ten feet in diameter. with that of Southold until 1730, when It was sold by Farrett to Robert Car- It stood upon the very edge of another the island was organized as a distinct mand, after it probably larger rock, resting upon a very small whom was township. In 16V3 the Dutch Governor named, viz., Robert's or Rob's Island. Colve, after the reconquest foundation, and to all appearances it of the col- Carmand sold the island to Stephen would have rerjuired but a slight effort ony, proclaimed Middleton and Con- Goodyear. stant Sylvester to throw it off its balance. The rock "public enemies of Hol- remained in its peculiar position until Between Orient Point and Plum Is- land" and sold their interests in the is Is- Island; they 1S14, when it was dislodged by a few land Plum Gut. Between Plum were bought by Nathaniel of Commodore Hardy's sailors. The land and Fishers' Island are Great .Sylvester and the purchase money was island was purchased from the Cor- Gull Island and Little Gull Island and collected by an armed force. Brinley Sylvester erected in 1737 chaug, who called it Manittuwond, by "The Race." This part of the entranc a new manor Samuel Wyllys of Hartford, in 1659— of the sound was named The Race on house on the site of the old home.stead: Thompson says 16G7—and a patent for account of the swiftness of the cur- it is still standing and known as the it was granted by Governor Andros in rent. Great Gull Island contains about Sylvester house. A church was erected 1675. It is about three miles in length fifteen acres of land. Little Gull Island in 1733; a new structure on the same and contains 800 acres. A lighthouse contains one acre of land. A lighthouse site was built in 1817. was erected in 1827 on its eastern end, was erected on the last mentioned is- During the Revolution the island was standing vipon a hill. It is ,34 feet in land in 1806, 56 feet in height. The Gull stripped of timber for the use of the height. The island appears on Van der Islands are solid rock. The name was Briti.sh army and navy, but it partly Donck's map, 1656, as Pruym Eyland. probably derived from the Dutch word recovered from this injury. .Shelter Is- Plum Gut Is called in a Dutch docu- guUetje, i. e., a little codfish, or "a cod- land was at one time known as Far-

msMmh^ SOUTH VIEW OF CENTRAL PART OF RIVERHEAD, 1840. ment Pluym Gate. Pruym is the Dutch ling." The codlings probably selected rett's Island, and afterward as Sylves- word for plum, and pluym is the Dutch the waters around these islands for ter's Island. Cedar Island lies about word for plume or feather. Thus it their favorite playground. a mile southeast of Shelter Island; Lit- would seem that the Dutch did not Bookum is a small but old settle- tle Ram's Lsland and Great Ram's Is- know the origin of the name of the ment near the south shore. land are part of Shelter Island; this island. Plum Island was at one time In 1810 the population of the present portion probably received its name known as Isle of Patmos. town of Southold was 2,613, including from a point of land upon it, still Fishers Island was called by the 30 slaves; the taxable property was known as Ram's Head. Indians Munnawtawkit. Captain Ad- \alued at $401,300. In 1810 there were fifty houses on Shelter Island, Presbyterian riaen Block, who visited the island iii a meeting 1614 named it Visschers' Eylandt, be- house and a schoolhouse; the popula- tion of the town was 329, including cause the Indians, who came to this TOWN OF SHELTER ISLAND. neighborhood at certain seasons for the eight slaves; the taxable property was purpose of fishing valued at $80,240. menhaden, made it This town comprehends the island of their headquarters. Its name is a that name in Gardiner's Bay, six miles translation of the Indian name. The in length and four miles in breadth, island was also called Long I.sland. and containing 8,000 acres of land. Its TOWN OF RIVERHEAD. from its shape. On Lucini's map ii Indian name was "Manhan-sacka-aha- appears as Isola Lange. Isola is the ciuatu-wamock." Manhanset was an- This town was separated from South- Italian word for island, and Lange is other name applied to it by the abo- old in 1792. In 1690 a settlement was a Dutch word, meaning the long; thus tigines. There were at least four In- started at Riverhead village by John we have Long Island. Fishers Island dian villages on the island; also a fort, Griflin and others, who erected a grist- is nearly nine miles in length and ha.s shell mounds now indicating its site. mill at the head of Peconic River, or a medial width of one mile and con- Shelter Island was purchased from the creek, a small stream about two miles tains 4,000 acres. It is four miles dis- Indians by James Farrett in 1637; in from Peconic Bay. Hence the name tant from Stonington and nine miles the power of attorney executed by Wil- Riverhead. Among the landmarks are from New London. The eastern end is liam Alexander, Earl of Sterling, to a Griflin house, the old Peconic Mills, known as Passquesset, and the west- Farrett, authorizing him to dispose of the Howell homestead, tlie eastern por- Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 39 tion of which was built by Silas Howell, name Shelter Island may have origi- Reservation in the Shinnecock Hills, was one of the first settlers. nated. used as such until 1859, when the hills The Suffolk County Courthouse and Orig;innlly it was an independent were sold to a corporation, and the jail under one roof, were erected here pkrntation. In 1644 the town was re- remnant of the tribe took up their in 1725 at the head of the bay; in 1804 ceived within the jurisdiction of Connec- abode on Shinnecock Neck, east of the the hamlet contained ten or twelve ticut and until 1664 was represented in settlement at the Shinnecock Hills. houses and the courthouse. General Court at Hartford. Upon the There were scattered shell heaps along At Bating Hollow, settlement was reconquest of the colony by the Dutch the shore, an Indian fort and a ceme- commenced about 1719; the stream in 1673 the town again sought a union tery between Southampton and the Wading River, or Wading Brook, was with Connecticut; the request was Shinnecock Hills; west of these are nu- called by the Indians Pauquacumsuck. gr.anted, and Southampton. Easthamp- merous lodge sites for some miles along coves Jamesport is situated on Great Peconic ton and Southold were erected into a the shore, and also on two small Bay; the point of land and the creek county. This condition, however, was on the south shore of Peconic Bay. near by are known as Miamogue, or of a. very brief duration. At Canoe Place the Peconic Bay and Miamegg. A small, temporary church edifice Shinnecock Bay are connected by a In 1810 the population of the town was erected in the original settlement short canal built by the Federal Gov- was 1,711, including 22 slaves; the tax- in 1641; a second building, in the vil- ernment. Niamuck and Merosuck were able property was valued at $233,415. lage, in 1651, a third one in 1707, and names applied to the isthmus between a fourth one in 1843; the last one was the bays; the Indians carried their furnished with a bell and clock, while canoes here from the one bay to the SOUTHAMPTON. formerly a drum had been employed other. The Indians had a tradition that TOWN OF a canal had been built here once be- Captain How and others, who had fore by their ancestors, who construct- made an attempt to settle on Oyster ed a small ditch between the bays un- Bay and had been driven from there by der the direction of Mongotucksee, or the Dutch Governor, came, in looking Longknife, then the greatest chief of for another site for a settlement upon the Sinnecox federation. Ye Olde Long Island, to a place on the eastern Canoe Place Inn is said to have been end. which, as our historians claim, built in 1735 by Jeremiah Culver; it was was called by the Indians Agawam. frequented by British soldiers in the With them came more people, alto- days of the Revolutionary War. The gether about forty families, mostly Hercules figure of the ship Ohio, which from Lynn, Massachusetts. They land- was wrecked on the coast in this re- ed at North Sea in Peconic Bay in gion, is set up in the grounds surround- Near the inn are the ruins 1640 and settled three miles southward SAYRE HOUSE, SOUTHAMPTON. ing the inn. in the woods. In 1648 they decided of an old British fort; also a monu- upon a more permanent abode. The Recently Condemned. ment erected in the early part of the Rev. result was the laying out of Main last century to the memory of the Indian street, Southampton Village, a half Paul Cuffee. the last of the to assemble the people to worship. An in which mile south of the fir.st settlement. preachers; the little church academy was built near the church in distant. The first settlers of this town came he used to preach is not far 1S31, the Sayre House on the main from the New England colonies, in- At Good Ground some of the boarding street is said to have been built in 1648, others tending to start a plantation on Long houses face on Peconic Bay and the Halsey house was erected in 1735, Island; the name appears on Van der on Shinnecock Bay; Good Ground is the Pelletreau house was the headquar- Donck's map as "Hampton." Many the English form of the Indian name ters of Lord Erskine in 1779; the ruins is places in England were formerly called of the locality; the railroad station of three forts, erected by him, are Hamtun and later Hampton. Orig- called Bay Head. near by. St. Andrew's-on-the-Dunes, inally such places were named merely Quogue, situated between Quantuck the Episcopal church near the ocean "Ham," very insignificant ones "ham- Bay and Shinnecock Bay, is one of surf and at the extreme end of Silver West- let," but if they increaised in size the the oldest places in the town. Lake, was formerly a government life lat- term "ton" was affixed to "ham." Ham hampton village was settled in the saving station. century; a means "an abode," it is used for a ter part of the seventeenth Along the road from Southampton point single estate or a village; "ton" means church was built about 1765. on a village, parallel with the ocean, to- in the "town," Hamton here is identical with cilled Beaver Dam, standing ward the east, is an old graveyard only two word plantation, as it was the in- midst of a pine forest, with the tombstones dating 'way back in was tent of the settlers to form "a plan- with or three houses in sight; in 1831 it seventeenth century, which mark was tation." Southampton is the South the abandoned and another edifice places of people who once Bay. Plantation, or "the plantation in the the resting erected at the head of Quantuck and the country around. tod.aj South," away from the old home and dwelt in Cobb The settlement at Beaver Dam today a population of thirty a few from civilization. Cobb has consists of an old gristmill and consists of ' a few farm- so the Easthampton was originally n.amed people and old houses around it; there is a century old. This Maidstone, but soon the name was houses, all about a graveyard where the first settlers of was formerly called Cob's rest. The changed to Easthampton; i. e„ the district Westhampton are laid at standing eastern plantation, from its relative sit- Pound. , ^, Ramsom Jagger farmhouse is Mill, on Mecox Bay, and three village uation to the older plantation. Water on a large estate. Near the from Southampton, received its hotel On Van der Donck's map, 1656, ap- miles is Onek Point, with the summer oldest mill on Long Is- on pears the name "Cromme Gouwe." In name from the Onek Hou.se: the old Dix farm is Howell erected m 1644 located Dankers & Sluyter's Journal, 1679-80, land Edward the ocean; the Howell House is head of Mill Creek, and we read as follows: a mill on the on Westhampton Beach. the center of the present ttie "The end of Long Island, which is the old mill in The Shinnecock tribe occupied preserved as a relic, Cove east- miles long, runs off low and sandy. village, carefully pouth coast from Seatuck 144 structure, erected in Broth- Continuing east you pass Plum Island, is most likely a ward: manv of them joined the on the origmal site At State. On which is about 4 miles in length. Be- later days, erton Indians in New York the land was galled by mentioried. hind the bay of Long Island called the Bridgehampton the reservation. before and Me^o^ks Is Gouwe (Crooked Bay), there the Indians Saggaponock which embraces about 750 acres, and Cromme settlement at North are several small islands, Gardiner's In 1640, when the situated three miles west of Southamp- Thomas Topping set- The In- Island and others." A footnote says Sea was begun. ton, remain about 150 people. Bridgehampton village was with negroes "Peconic Bay is ineant." fled h^re. dians have intermarried Bull Head; m 1689 character is The several bays are not distinctly sometimes called until now their aboriginal Mecoxe were made lost all marked on Van der Donck's map- Bridgehampton and almost obliterated: they have when the actual set- words of Cromme Gouwe very likely should a distinct parish, the old customs, and but few section was started A even m read Comme Gouwe. and this name tlement of the their native lansruage survive, at S^gg Pond m thern^ may have embraced the entire territory church was erected the memory of the oldest among was built in 1737, us Dutch 1690. a new edifice it wns more or less m of the "Three Plantations." A and a third although possession of a mile north of the old site, seventy years agcK Nowedo- dictionary of 170S. in the sixtv or Wyandanch, the writer, gives the definition of the nah' brother of the noted Southampton Bay on his word "Kom" as follows, "an inclosed "'rhrshinnecock or was one of their chiefs, and and 3 to 4 miles wide; In De- place, where ships may lye safely." A is 10 miles long death his sister succeeded him. lighthouse is standing Shinnecocks modern dictionary gives, "basin" for the Shinnecock cember, 1876, twenty-eight The tract between to sav° kom, and district or province for gouw. at Ponquogue Neck. lost their lives in an attempt Shinnecock Creek was strand- Thus Comme Gouwe or Komme Gouwe Canoe Place and the ship Circassian, which was trustees of the town which time would denote, "Basin District." The conveyed to the ed off Eastham'-ton. since and Maumanum, younger Bay of Long Island of the Journal of by Pompumo, Chico a number, especially the Shinnecock tribe, on and 1679-80 is of today, and tlie sachems of the people, have left the reservation Peconic Bay same day Shelter Island protects the entrance August 16, 1703, and on the became scattered: they have a Presby- back to basin. Vessels coming from the the trustees leased the lands teri.an nnd an Adventist church. of the years was open sea during a storm were in a the Indians for the term of 1,000 In 1810 the population of the town one ear of corn. taxable safe harbor after they had reached at an annual rent of 3 899 Including 61 slaves: the Shinnecock Shelter Island, and from this fact the This land, known as the property was vnlued at $622,210. 40 ^agleLibrary-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. TOWN OF EASTHAMPTON. ^IJ^dian deed of the theThl^i ton-n bears caned b. date of 164S, and the marks S£^?^^^c:;l^nS.,iS?^.^-ighthouse is sVAd Q^awiotiwock the In- of t1f« ngon Cedar IsJ"°^ "i^^ and Covers an area °' the M^Va^' acrpo t>,i„ V -^^t'tn^t'^l^^^'^T "^ "''^ter is on ^>andanch of the Mianta- the penmsui'a Mnnf'^f^ cutt tri^ Of atout "' ''''"'' ^^« Corchaki -' 9,000^iTre?''whic,?''^°"^'' trbe i^H v;i™°J"^.°^ ^^'^ veyed ' was con- ^?^!^'>"^h of the Shina- ,4hf,"c^o^;^Lra1;onr3j?o^ by the tT;^) cockcocK tribe.trIbP in 1661. " '^^ colonists Easthampton is the most 7°4 Vhere was n 'r -nei/rhe^^„r;,3f„-rth^wl"s''t tt"ls^ f°''t on ^°"^ Island Nominick Hill near vl"'^'''^" c1SdeTV.°^"cludes °? and in- proper '° ''°?^ ^^'^"^ a eapeague. Gardmer's Island, is 3 mUef' lhe"rl hill on the e-istP^-n ^ On which was on "^^ °^ Konkhunga- town was the west'^sfde'^o^f^Ve^^.t^n'^^-k^ nick or Fort Pom/i t'^^eS'in'lT^'U'''-^-'"'^^ se't' first settler the fort, wh ch \vv.°s ^"'J'an ' " ™«°> mostly from ^ardinet.Gardinet. still''st^"i'''^'" Ljnn,r vnn M i"^" tive of ,T^1^J°? aj na- Massachusetts, came here thcv ScotlinH.V: 7 -.its.outii,£^iL----^nl661, th^^-ttlement wa?'fn Maidstone 1\ 1S9S b}- Fort Wikoff. independent plantation The 16d,1^?- tl unti when It put itself ginning of'Z'''^^'^^'''^^^' ^^ the be- under the iii risdiction of Pied Connecticut. However' a^portic^i%rthe^h n fort '• %V\'''.''^-^^^ Ind °^ t^« ecclesiastical was ISO feat ,. an .w^T'"^ co^t of tower ^'"^ ^ round Of earth or ''s'J'''"^- Fort Pond I ^^°1^ °n each cor- ^^«"« °f battle between the y!'^ the Montauk; the LebanonLebLno^ n''/''°^^tt and Ton Tree" L Cedar or "Flat '^^^« mu^te u-!tnes3 of ?he' M *°, ^een a' little west of the I i".°'"^J' struggle; a "^^ burial l^oJna "^CnM '^. '"^ ^^^ Ian P°'°t, North Xeck hein? Z''"^*'" on bor, !^ *° "^'^e the the Doint i har- «.SiS""'i°""°1""«'' « church ^°™ "°™ PA^'S ^"^i" the CHILDHOOD ish fr gate On, L""""'^'' Brit- -—___J15"^^^JASTTiAMPT0N. the u^..®''trenie end of peninsula « 1 *?°"«e' high,"^ was erected ^'f "O feet new buiJdmg ' Hill '^^ '^"•t'e was reared in 1717 ep'Sfe *b'aT •,"°'^ ^'^-^ - by the Federal Covi°"^ which Se^'o^ulr at in some time '.^^ '^'^nd an expense'^f'^'3.?Oo'«'-""^«"t 1795 elled'ln ^^^ '^^^^^ prior to gI^,*'^ "l' 4"Vhr^=^'"^^l""'' Gardiner ^^rdmer's arrival. lished settlers estab- received =, a s<^°oolschLi I^here, James 't '7'"^ '^-«- K ,-i!.- and in 1784 a brick FarreU from KmVDL^'d^pU^^aJh're^"^ bmlding was Cantf''"'^'" families "^er two erected in the center this Place and' " ^''^'ted h is own =,^ fu^"®"^ of burfed i^i''? died Fowlers; '""^ institution here, which !"% treasures in the he nrstfirst 1%"^ the were takp^ ^ 70r wV^^''°"^'" ofOf Itsftf kind on "* °* '''<=''• succeeded Stephen the "'S Place . ^'

DEVELOPNJENT. 41 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND

hampton. Southampton, Bridgehamp- TAXABLE VALUATION OF TOWNS, valued at $14,039. Population, 517. Vil- contained about 20 houses an^^ ton. Canoe Place. 167 lage Southold—Taxable property church; one tidemUl in town. Town of s. d. at $401,300. Population. 2.613, in- Town of Bushwick—Taxable property valued Easthampton 6,842 16 8 30 slaves. Matatuc Postoffice valued at $263,025. Population, 798. In cluding Southold 10,&35 10 .. 60 families, a street four miles this town were one church, one chapel, had Southampton 13,667 16 8 had 60 families, meet- tidemills, two schoolhouses, two long. Cutchogue Hempstead 11,532 19 4 two schoolhouse. Southold Post- taverns. Williamsburgh settlement. ing house, Jamaica 5,700 . .• . meeting house, QLTEENS COUNTY—Population, 19,- office had 160 famiUes, Brookhaven 3,065 16 8 schoolhouses, on street five mUes 336. Six towns and seven postoffices. two Flatbush 5,079 10 .. had 60 families. Oyster Town of Flushing—Population, 2,730. Ion?. Sterling Brooklyn 5,204 VUlage had 70 famUies. meeting Flushing village. Ponds Bushwick 3,174 10 schoolhouses. Plum Island Town of Hempstead—Population, house, two New Utrecht 2,852 10 had 10 families. 5,804. Hempstead ^Tllage and post- Flatlands 4.008 10 . office, Merricks (postoffice discontinued

MILITLA. OF THE PROV^XCE OF : in 1811), Rockaway. Town of Jamaica—Population, 2,110. OF NEW YORK HARBOR. IX 1700. i MAP NEW YORK Jamaica vUlage and postoffice, three 614 Map on Fase 4-. Suffolk churches, academy. Queens 601 Times.) [ Town of Newtown—Population, 2.437. (In the Dutch Kings 280l Newtown village, three churches. is 152 In the upper center of the map Richmond i Hempstead Popula- Town of North — Che island of Manhattan, on the south- Xew York 684 i tion, 2,750. Queens Court House or island is Fort 155 em extremity of the Westchester | North Hempstead and postoffice. of Nieuw 325 Amsterdam and the town Ulster and Dutchess of Oyster Bay—Population. Sappo- 371 Town Amsterdam; further north is Albany . . and post- 4,725. Oyster Bay VUlage tianicke, the paiisaueu tobacco Plan- office, Jericho postoffice. tation of Director General Kieft. On Total men 3.182 COUNTY—Taxable prop- "de ver- Men SUFFOLK the east side is a point called ertv was valued at $3,742,264 in 18U. meulen" or "the burnt mill, Kings County Militia in 1715 255 brande Population, 21,113. Nine towns, 21 post- which was for a long time Freeholders of Suffolk County in the ruin of offices. landmark on Director General Stuy- 1737 328 prop- a Town of Easthampton—Taxable vesant's land; on Corlear's Hook was The Legislature passed acts in March. erty valued at $305,600. Population. vUlage Rechtauk. Easthampton tbe Indian 1788, by which the State of New York 1.484, including 26 slaves. ••De Voort Rivier' is the name ap- Presbyterian was divided into sixteen counties, and vtUage had 80 houses, one plied to the present North River above these again Into townships. Kings Church, one academy and two school- Sappohanicke; the river was thus houses ana County contained six townships. Pop- houses. Wainscott had 15 named, because it reached farthest 2" ulation in 17S5. 3,986, of which 1,317 were one schoolhouse. Amagansett had all the rivsrs in the colony Acco- north of negroes. Chief towns were Brooklyn houses and one schoolhouse. of Nieuw Nederiand; other names ap- school- and Flatbush. Of the State tax of bonuek had 15 houses and one pUed to this river were Manhattans and groote £24.000 were apportioned to Kings house. Northwest had 15 houses Pjvier, Nassau Eivter. de jlaurits or County £2,000. one schoolhouse. ri'.-ier, Montaigne Rivier. Queens Countv contained sis town- Town of Huntington—Taxable prop- Mauritius Rivier; the Mohegan called 13.084, of $736,-350. Population. ships. Population in 1786. erty valued at it Shatemuck. . waterway^ _„ which 2,183 were negroes. Chief town. 4.424, including 53 slaves. Huntington Below Sappohanicke the Jamaica. State tax. £2,000. village, postoffice, academy and two was known as "de kleyne baai,' l e. Babylon, documents Suffolk Countv contained eight town- churches. Dixhills, postoffice. the Uttle bav. in the earlier 13,793. of van ae Xoort ships. Population in 1786, postoffice. it was also caUed de baai Chief towns, property of the Xorth which 1.0^8 were negroes. Town of Islip—Taxable Rivier, I- e.. the bay caliea Easthampton and Huntington. State valued at $211,200. Population, 885. In- Below the Narrows it was River e tax, £2,000. cluding 13 slaves. de baai van ie ha-.nel-s-hoofden, i. . Town of Riverhead—Taxable property the bay of the Narrows. ^^P^-i POPULATION, 1810. valued at $233,415. Population. 1.711. in- Barren Island is de a^^^^^-^e town was known saltf bay. From the Kings Countv, 8,303—Brooklj n, 4.402; cluding 22 slaves. The Zout Zee, i. e., the County, or i e.. Sanay Bushwick, 798; Flatbush, 1.159; Flat- as the capital of Suffolk Narrows to Zant Hoeck, post- baai, u e^ lands, 517; Gravesend, 520; New Suffolk Court House. Riverhead. Hook, extended de S^oote buildings. called Port May Utrecht. 907. office. 14 houses and county the Great Bay. also „ ^. families. Queens County, 19.336—Flushing, St. George's Manor had 35 or Godyn's Baai. ,,,-,. Baiting called oy thetj,-> In-tti- Hempstead, 5,804; Jamaica, 2,110; Wading River had 30 houses. Xootfn Eylandt. 2 730; Aquebogue had Newtown, 2.437; North Hempstead. Hollow had 28 houses. dians Paggauck, ^ ,^^^'^^°i^^3l contained In al' the later '^overnor^s 2,750; Oyster Bay, 4,725. 14" houses. The town SO morgen, is East- dwellings, four churches and seven The name Governors IsW Suffolk—Brookhaven. 4.176; 270 Island. tne Islip, Peconic Creek were about the time of hampton, 1.484; Huntington. 4,424; schoolhouses. On came into use Nooten Shelter Island, three grainmills. four sawmUls, two Revolutionary- War: the name S35; Riverhead, 1.711; account ol the 1.592: Southampton. fulling mills, etc. Evlandt was applied on 329; Smlthtown, apon it, of Brookhaven—Taxable prop- abundance of fine nut trees 3,899; Southold, 2,613. Town of Di- valued at $767,740. Population. it became the P^'^P^^'y ertv when Cornelius 126 slaves: nine post- General Van TwUler. 4.176. Including rector spent near the center of the and his men who offices. Coram, Hendricksen the town, was the site of town business: the winters of 1614-15 and lbl..-lb m A CENTURY AGO Churches and one pr.3bably stayed on ^o"™^ LONG ISLAND ,=ix Presbyterian colony. .o^^l Episcopal Church in this town. Ev?Sit. Dancker & Sluyter-s island was me (1810). Brookhaven — Setauket. of 1679-80 states that this Postoffices: ever occupied with two churches, two schoolhouses. first place the Hollanders KINGS COUNTY—Taxable property grainmill and town library: Stony Ellis M^nd valued in 18U at J2,456,061. Population. Brook. Middletown. Patchogue. Fire '^Tl^tadikn name of Kioshk: it al^oJ^ 303 Place. Forge. Drowned Meadovr, Mon- said to have been r^^ 8 property times as Bucking, 'Town of Brooklyn—Taxable ches. known at various 4.402. „ Island: on >ome valued at n,175,539. Population. Town of Shelter Island—Taxable Gibtefs and Brown's Be-iloe's Island The incorporated vUlage contained propertv valued at $80,240. Population_ maps it is marked sev- '^f fact that it ^as ^t about 400 houses, three churches S29. including eight slaves. Inland probably from the distilleries of one Bedloe. eral factories, ropewalks, Shelter Island. 8.000 acres area: had 5o one time the property upon v. t ort postofflce of the county. Bed- Presbyterian meeting house together with Love Island; and the dwellings, lS41-mt ford settlement. and schoolhouse. Great Hog Neck Is- libson was erect^i prop- i. e.. Oyster Island Town of New Utrecht—Taxable land zy- miles long. Oester Evlandt, had Indians Minnisais. was erty valued at $273,765. Village Town of Smithtown—Taxable prop- called bv the Popuia- as Love Island. Corpora- about 40 houses and church. erty valued at $374,209. Population. ^tsn known Villages- Island. Kennedy's Island. Gover- 1 592. including 74 slaves. tion Needham, ^ToTv^of Gravesend-Taxable ProperW "The Branch." Presbyterian Church, nor NlcoUs gave it to one VU- it after a few days to at S178.477. Population, a20 schoolhouse and postoffice. "The who transferred valued In 16.0. when contained 20 houses, church and River." some mills. Alderman Isaac Bedloe. lage of Bedloe. and was schoolhouse. Town of SouthamT^ton-Taxable prop- it was the property , _. Governor Love- Taxable PropertJ at $622.21". Population. known as Love Island. Town of Flatbush— ertv valued upon it l.loJ- Harbor It a city of refuge: valued at $369,118. PouplatioD. 3.899. including 61 slaves. Sag lace made houses arrest were moperative. Village contained about 100 was called the metropolis of Suffolk warrants of in the begmnii^ buildings, church, academy and Countv and contained SO houses, one A fort was built here countv century: on its site schoolhouses. In this town were academv. meeting house, etc.. on a of the nineteenth two erected in 1541. now the and one windmill. street one mile in length. Five post- F-rt Wood was two tidemills known as Bedloe's Island. Town of Flatlands—Taxable property offices in town: Sag Harbor. West- island is 42 Eagle Library—LONG ISJJ\ND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

The name Oyster Island has been ap- Jersey City. Harsimus, Ahasimus or mention Staten Island. The name I>lied to several of the Islands in this Hossemus, the site of a former Indian was apparently coined some eighteen neighborhood at various times; they are village of the same name, perhaps of years after Hudson had come here by all parts of what was known as the the Unamie tiibe, was north of Paulus some Dutchman, who was aware that Oyster Bank. Hoeck. Harsimus, denoting "at the it was an island. This man must have Across the North River is 't kol, the little spring," was called "the garden been informed by the Indians that in present Berg-en Neck; this neck was of the West Indian Company," and the past this piece of land suffered shaped like the head and neck of a later "the Duke's farm," i. e., the Duke greatly by a flood, when pieces of land, horse; on the part forming the horse's of York's. Above Harsimus was Ho- which had been detached from larger head, was a plot of solid land sur- buk, the present Hoboken, and the bodies, had been driven down the East rounded by swamp. This peculiar Hopoakanhacking of the Indians, 1. e., River, became pressed in the Narrows, feature of the ground, in connection the pipe-making place; here the Indians between Long Island and this island. with the shape of the piece of land, procured the clay for making tobacco They were continually tossed against probably caused the Dutch to name the pipes. this island, causing it to tremble, and neck 't kol. 'T kol is the white spot on Weehawk or Ahweehawk is the Wee- the hemmed-in masses of water found the forehead of a black horse; the hawken of today. Bergen village w^as an outlet by running over the island. word is also applied to a horse marked in the center of the neck, at the be- This man gave to it probably the name in this way (blaze). ginning of the Tieights. Stooten Eylandt, 1. e., the island which Achter Kol, the name given to New- Sisakus, Siskakes or Sickakes i. e., was tossed. At the same time Newark ark Bay, denotes "behind the Kol"; the "rattlesnakes," the present Secaucus, Bay may have been formed. Oude bay is also called Pauwe Baal on an was a tract of solid land, surrounded Dorp, i. e., the old village, was the early map, after the Patroon of Pa- by swamp, the Indians called it an first village established on the island, vonia. The name Achter Kol has been island; on its southern end was "de to protect the entrance of the inner used, in a wider sense, to embrace the Sl.angenbergh," the present Snake Hill. harbor; Nieuwe Dorp was the second land west of Arthur Kill and the Newark, alias Milford, Elizabeth village. Hackensack River, in fact the land be- town, now Elizabeth, Woodbridge and hind the Kol. De Oost Rivier is the present East Perth Amboy are names of English Kil Achter Kol, tiie present Arthur River; the name Rivier Hellegat seems settlements. Amboy is said to come Kill or Staten Island Sound, is the out- to have embraced the East River and from ompaee, denoting "rocky shore." let or passage of Achter Kol or New- Harlem River in the early narratives; ark Bay. De Noort Kil is now known as Hack- Adriaen Block called the East River Kil Kil van Kol is the Kil of the Kol, or ensack River, and de Noort West "Hellegat." Vander Donck called the last the present Kill Van Kull; it separates as Passaic River; the named was East River and Long Island Sound de 't Kol from Staten Island. also called Rivier Achter Kol and combined. East River; he says: "The .Oamoenepa or Gamoenipan was Kleyne Rivier, i. e., the little river. East River connects on both ends with the name of a village of the Hacken- Schutters Eylandt was so named the sea." Hellegat, the present Hell the early settlers came here sack on 't Kol, the name denotes because Gate, denotes gap, hole or opening of "where the water remained.' At times to shoot wild fowl, its present name hell; Deutel Bay, from dertel or dartel, Island. the entire neck of land Is called is Shooters denotes the wanton or sportive bay. Gamoenepa; in the Revolutionary War Staaten Eylandt is generally said to The two Barent islands were named it was known as Barren Neck; its have been named by Hudson, but this after Barent Jansen, who was the present name is Bergen Neck. The belief has no foundation; it was con- farmer here in 1630; het Kleyne Barent name of its southern extremity. Con- sidered to be part of the mainland by Eylandt is now known as Randall's stable's Point, is still retained. At most of the early writers. De Laet Island; it contained about sixty mor- Gamoenepa, a village was established points out the several islands in the gen of land, and was granted in 1669 by the Dutch; the present Cominunipaw harbor, such as Governor Island and to one Delaval; later it was known as is a corruption of the Indian name. the lesser islands, like Ellis, Bedloes, Belle Isle, Talbot Island and Montres- Paulus Hoeck is now a part of lower etc., even Robbins Reef, but does not sor Island. Het Groote Barent Eylandt, :

Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 43

called by the Indians Tenkenas, con- have, as a natural consequence, caused The population of the island in 1910 tained about 100 morgen of land; it is vast improvements in roads, railroad w as now known as Ward's Island. service, etc. The fact that so many Kings County 1,634,351 Minnahanonck, later Varken By- men of wealth have selected sites on Queens County 284,041 landt, i.e., Hog Island, also Manning's Long Island for their country seats, Nassau County: Island, is now known as Blackwell's has been the means to convince the Town of Hempstead Island. 44,297 outside world that this island is all Town of N. Hempstead.. The settlements on the Long Island 17,831 that it ever has been claimed to be. Town of Oyster Bay 21,802 side are fully described in the sketches Its natural beauty, the purity of its of the several towns. 83,930 air and water and other advantages Suffolk County: are no longer doubted, because these Town of Huntington 12,004 men had the choice of all the lands Town of Babylon 9,030 CONCLUSION surrounding New York City, and Long Town of Islip 18,346 Island received the preference. Town of Smithtown 7,073 We have followed the development of The length of the island is the same Town of Brookhaven 16,737 Long Island from the earliest time as when Captain Block sailed along its Town of Riverhead 5,345 coast, just three Town of possible, we had an opportunity to centuries ago, but Southold 10,577 the distance has been reduced to a Town of Shelter Island.. 1,064 see how the Indian tribes, who had minimum, not in miles, to be sure. Town of Southampton 11,240 possession of it in prehistoric times, Thanks to our modern means of trav- Town of Easthampton... 4,722 were driven from their old time hunt- eling, 125 miles have no terror for a 96,138 ing grounds by men of their own race. traveler, an express train can cover the Total 2,098,460 distance in two hours. In the According to estimates We have followed the growth of the book en- prepared by titled "The Eastern District of Brook- the U. S. Census Office, the population struggling isolated colonies on the lyn" the writer remarked in the pref- will be on July 1. 1914: eastern end, as well as of those under ace, referring to that locality: "Its fa- New York State 9,899,761 the rule of the Dutch Governors on the vorable situation was noticed by Gov- New York City: Manhattan western end. We have seen the island ernor Kieft and he acquired the land 2,536,716 from the Indians at a time Brooklyn 1,833,696 become the property of an English when New York City was confined to the south- Bronx 529,193 prince, whose rule was interrupted by ernmost end of Manhattan Island, and Queens 339,886 the reconquesi of New Netherland by Its great future was foreseen by the Richmond 94,043 the Dutch. For nearly a- century the founders of Williamsburgh a century island was part of a British colonial ago. Not every town on Long Island Total 5,333,539 The figures for the counties of Nas- province; finally it became part of the can be a next-door neighbor to Man- sau and Suffolk are not given, but can sovereign State of New York. hattan Island, but Nassau County is be estimated, l/Ong Island would The first century in the history of today as close to New York City as show then as follows: the island under these new conditions Kings County was then and sooner or Kings County 1,833,696 Is marked by a steady, healthy de- later Suffolk County will hold this Queens County 339,886 velopment. Since then a few decades same position. But in bringing far-off Nassau Count v f approximate) . 90,000 have passed, each one surpassing its Suffolk closer the Eastern District " Suffolk County . 105,000 predecessor by far in the development will gain, as it has gained so far in this of the island. It is longer only process." now no Total 2,368,582 the goal of the wage-earner, whose Within a few more years a journey These figures show that about 24 per drean; it is little to own a home in a from Montauk Point to New Y'ork City cent, of the inhabitants of the State of healthy neighborhood, but many men will not consume more time than a New York, and over 40 per cent, of the of great means have acquired large journey from Bushwick to the fort on inhabitants of New York City (Bor- tracts on Long Island for their coun- Manhattan Island did in Governor oughs of Brooklyn and Queens) live on try homes. These princely estates Kieft's time. Long Island. .! ! !

The Eagle Library

General Index

Page Page ^""^^ Carpenter. Page " Joseph 32 _ Abraham ?°°''"'"-^""^^umlook,,™'"""'" I Cove, Jansen 27 1 the ,5 . . . 28 .27 ! 38 Carpenter's Tavern,T».v„. Increase!. 30 ' " Accobonuck Booth house Cow Bay ' 'gj 40. 41 i gy Case Homestead Boswijck ' 37 Achter Kol 4 jg Cow Harbor . '-^ Castateuw >>*; 31 34 T, .. I .. 1 7 .'.'.'.','.'.'.'.' Achtervelt 19 Boswljck Church Cow Neck 16,' 26 26 Caumsett . 31- Agawani Bosw.jck Court «i! , ^ '*"^''"<^ 39 26 cedar Hill Cemeie^y ' ?,°''. 37 Ahasimus Boswijck I 36L Cozme, 42 Town 20 Cedar T=i = „,i ,i/ .Y j Jrhn ,q Ahweehawk Crafford 43 " - 30 isSftrrn^i.^" Craye. Albany County 40. 41 irw:i^rBaT"^^----="-"'^«%lMe^-""^- Tenen Bower.^ B^^ -^ ^'^'~ " Cripplebush Algonquin tribes Road: ! 15 ! ! ! ! ! ! le ! ! ! .'^I c^^m^er 21 Alley, The Bowne house Cripplebush ....30 29 Cedar Swamp l\ patent !].21 Alsop Farm, 28; Bragaw. Broucard Cromme Gouwe house .28 28 Center Island ll \\, 39 Amagansett Bragaw, Israel Cuffee. Rev. Paul " 40.41 28 Centreport .. . ! . . . 39 Amboy .' H Culloden ' ship .j2 Centre ..40 Brenv; """ 41 Moriches ll\ Amersfoort, 5'^^"'""^" '" ' Culloden 20, 21. 25; flat.... 26 19, 20, 21 Chamakou Point 40

Amityville Bridgehampton '. Culver, 34 89! 41 Chameken 30 Jeremiah .39 Andres, Brinckerhoff. 30vn r Culver,^..,...^ ,. Governor 36,38 Abraham 29 Chhamplain John .29 Brinckerhoff House 37 Anneke Jans 28 family burial Champlain's " Cumberland County .:;;.'40 Creek 35 Anthony Jansen 16, Cumsewogue 3^ 23, 24 „P'ff 29 I Charles I. Anchonnock ' 5"='°'' ^hlp 17, 32 Cutchogue \ ^ 3g 31 Charles II 3741 .' IS, 36 Appletree Neck ' .'35 Cutchogue Church !!!..'. B^ke^^nd-;;;::;;;;;;;;;;;^? «;;;';''-'" Homestead ;::v.::.34 37 Aqueboque a\ Cypress Hills ..!l9,'27 Bronx Cypress Aquehonga Monacknong Borough ! ."43 Hills Cemetery. . !'i6 ! Christ Church !l9! 29 Armen Bouwerl Brookfield 3g j 28 36 Circassian. Ship ...!!!!! Brookhaven. j 39 Arthur . . Kill ! . 18, 33 ! 42 34. 36, 41 Claes Cornelissen D Astoria " " ' Brookhaven, population Schou'w 17 '>8 . 37" "'41 43-" Clarke house 3" Danckers & Sluyter's Journal, At the Brookland ' Bay 16 26 jn Clarke. Sheriff . 39, 41 Brook, Lord !!!!!! . ..37 35 Clinktown Davenport gg Brooklyn, Borough ..31 B of. Clinton Academy Dayton 3- . . 40 1 t, IS. Baai van de „ ,, .19, 20. 43 Clinton house.X. DeJJe ''j''' ^^ Witi!Witt. . Hamels-Hoofden.41 ! ! ! ! ! I T^ " Brooklyn Church !2929 I ^llT^Lt Baai 22 Clinton. Sir " ' House. Bushwick. van de Noort Henryry "28 5*f®™!''^ . .27 Rivier 41 Brooklyn City 20 Debevoise Babylon 18.19 '"2 Clintonville House. Newtown... 28 23. 34. 41. 43 Brooklyn 30 Corporation .'. Debevoise Seal . . 21 , Cobb . Mansion. Baisley's „„„u . . Brooklyn. 23 Pond . . 30 Brooklyn Ferry 39 Barclay Mansion 22 Cobbet William Dearing. Samuel !32 , , , Brooklyn Fire District. !!!31 Deering. "Cob' s " ' Henry P Barent Pound " !!!!!40 Islands 42 Brooklyn '39 Heights 21 Cocks De Hart House Barren Island .16 farm !!!!!! 23 26. I Brooklyn 32 41 Hotel v. De Barren Neck Xtlr'Tr.^ Laet !!!i4!'42 32 Delafleld Basin District ^ Mansion ... >8 . 39 Brooklyn Town. Bath Colden. ' -34.' ' ' 42 Cadwailader ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ll \ S!,'?™A.: Baiting Delawares Hollow ...... 39.fl Brooklyn '" '^ I I4' 16 V.l"gi^^.'': i Denyse's Battle of Long ^"' 22 c:M^pr:r^P""^ harborH b Ferry !!..'. 24 Island..!. .28 Brookville ... p°r^. 33, 34 „ 1 De Rapalie. Baxter. George ! Joris Jansen ..!! !21 30 'Bro.herton '" ' ' •.'_ 23 Indians V' f f ! S!,'l^ ?f ; De Bay '"^ Rycke. Abraham Head Brown.-; ^^"'^"'^' ' !28 !!!!!!!!!39 i^land'^"^ • De Sille, ! Nlcasius Bay of Long Island. '39 \\\ ZT.. ""TT ""'-^ 2!l! 23 . Bruyckleen Colony !!! ">20 Deutel Bay Bay of the Narrows. J ^ ege Point' 42 . . ! ! 41 30 Devoe ^-•••" Houses ! Bay of the North ! ! 27 River. 23 41 l;^^!^r.^°'°- -'--^^.ature-!!!!! 31 Dirok ' Volckertse Bay Ridge ,. Brutnell. Colve. Governor !!!!!!!27 Richard . {g 38 Ditmas Farm Bayside " , 28 Cometico ! ! ! ! !28 29. 30 Bryant. 37 William i Culien Dix Farm ! ' I ! Bayville 31 Communipaftf . 39 . . . .32 Buckram I 42 Dixhills ! Bears' ..'...'..'! ! Island. 26 planting Bucking °°"''^ 41 Island'! f? ^"If"'^ 16, 24, 25 Dominie's '28 land. I Hook ! the. 30;. the, Bull '^""""e Eyiandt I's! 16; Head I 24 Conijne Dongan, Governor waterland. the Bullrider 39 , Hoek 31,40 ;" Dosoris Beaver Dam, 39 ,'.^!;''"1'"" *^="'"'' Path." 3o'-"° Bull-Smiths ,!:.-.!!.-.il| Dosoris Lane Pond. 30; '30 ^'"''^^'" homestead 32 .Swamp. Burgon. . . . Broucard 1,1 34 I Doughty. Bedford. 16. 28 Connecticut, Mary 2S 17. 19, 21 creek. .19 Burger. Jorissen ,'; „' Colony of, Bedloe, 16, 28 I .Doughty. Rev. Francis! Isaac Burling. 1 1S ».. ,» ,= - ! !!i6,'28 41 Walter I 18. 34, 36, 38. 39, 40 Douglass. Bedloe's S", [ George- Island 41 Connecticut River _ , 30 42 Burly Pond""^' „„35, Douglass Beecher, " ""'.35 Point 30 Lyman .. '41, Burnt Connetquot Brook I !!! I Mill . Drowned Meadow Beeren Eyiandt Burrough Connetquot River 36 41 !i6. 26 farm 35. 36 Duffield House Bellamore, Govern Burrough. 28 Conorasset [ \j 40 John . ! ! [ 17. 30 Duke's Farm, Bell. Captain 29 Conselyea the ...!!!!!!!!! 42 37 Bushwick Church House 27 Duke's Bell House 26 Constable's Laws, the 18 31 37 Bushwick Creek Point 42 Belle 19. 26, 27 Dumplings, the !!!!! '35 Isle ! Cookie Hill ! 42 Bushwick Crossroad.^ 30 Duryea Farm, Bellport !!!'_ 27 Coosputus Thomas p!!!!3o 36. 37 Bushwick Perry 36 Duryea Bennett farm Coram house. Bushwick 27 house 25 Bushwick Kruispad 36. 41 ! Duryea house. Flushing Ben ''' Corchaki tribe ! ! !29 ••••• ^'*'^'''^ Mrn'^rhTuse ^ 40 Duryea house. Newtown Benne't't wm'^^"^ 'I' Corchaug ..!!! 28 ^drianse. 19, 23 Bushwick. New Lotts 16. 17. 37 DuSusoy. of Marcus ! lentv'n 27 Corlear's ! . 21 19 Bushwick Population.. 27 Plat 26 Dutch Bentvn V. ^'•""^^'40 41 and English Claims 17 ""^^ Bushwick, Corlear's Hook Reri T^ 28 Town of .27 41 Dutch Church on Bergen House, Brooklyn Cornells Dircksen Manhattan 03 16.17 19 oo I 22 Island Bergen ,,,_ 19. .0. 26.26 41,, Cornelius 28 House. Piatbush ' I Hendricksen 25 Bushwick Village "oV 41 Dutchess County ' 43 Cornelius Lambertsen 40 41 ! ^'^ ^"""' -^^P'-" John Cool. 17, 21 Dutch Kills ^IZ: I .32 15' 2g Ne^k". ! ! Cornell House Bergen .31 Dutch Kills Creek !!!!!!..'. Village .. 4, Corona 1-.. .- 28 !!!29 Dyer's Neck„_... Berrian's Island ^^ .28 Corporation House 23 Bescher, Thomas Corporation .!!.! 17,1 21 Calvary Island .. 41 I Cemetery Bestevaar Corsa. Col. '" Isaac "9 1 . 21 Canarisse" t;-==, t, Bethpage I '>6 „« I r^ Corteleau. Jacques ' ' ^^^ 32 . 33 Canarsee ! J, ^ I Baai Cortelyou '4 ' ;?™°'''^" house . 22 ! fll] 16.•'•--"17. 19. 26. Cortelyou Connetquot River 36 S™';i:;ir'i!--iSS?c' house, Simon 04 i p^! Cortelyou ^ "' '''''"" District of Brooklyn, Simon !!! ^4 j Corum . 27,43 gc 1 T- Corum ?''""" Plantation -"">" !. c.™.'.; " Baptist Church It 39 BlueS:™PointS';"' 'i'z„ f'bes, the Cosslkan . . ttl 17. 34 t(^„„^ , .„ .35,^0, 37in I carman'Carman's River tl ^as^'''^'f" ' Bogardus. I ! hampton Church Dne Counties, 1 40 Everardus 28 Carolinene the . ig I, I Church ! ! ! ! ! "• « Easthampton 36 Count's Beach, the Plantation. " ' 17. 39. 40 . ' . - . . 45 INDEX Eagle Library-GENERAL Page Page Page Hoyonock 40 Page Hook 211 . .41 Green .21. Fort Amsterdam . .19. 26 Hudde. Adrian Easthampton Population.^ 34 Greenpoint Henrt .14, 42 ^^ ^^ Fort Franklin 37 Hudson. . 35 41 Greenport Hudson, Stephen ... 40, 41 Fort Gibson Harbor 37 Town 17. W. 24 Greenport Captain George Easthampton Fort Diamond ...19. 23 Hunter, Easthampton Turnpike " .23, 24 Greewljck • Hunterspoint .28 Fort Hamilton Berghen 19 .33 Easthampton Village 32 Grenen Huntington Church ... J^ Fort Hill Punt .19. 26 Island 24 Grenen Hout Harbor ... .34 East ^^ Fort Lafayette .19. 26 Huntington Marion Grenen Punt Population. .34. 41 43 East j. Fort Neck (Hempstead 19 Huntington 31. 32. 33 Grenewijck 18. ii. " East Norwich ^- 38 Huntington Town 35 GrifBn House •!•!• Eastport Neck (Islip) 3S Huntington Village ^^ Fort Griffin, John 4J Bast Riding '42 Neck (Southold) ^< 41 Huyck, Aertsen " Vr'is'Vo<:". Fort Baal, de '^ Bast River 16, 19, House Groote Hyde Park 3(1 Fort Neck ^» Eylandt 42 Setauket Groote Barent Bast Fort Pond 41 Williamsburg . ..29 jg Groote Rivier. de East . . 37 Fort Salonga . .16, 32. 33 ..35 Gull Islands .21 East Woods Fort Slongo 25 Ihpetonga .. Governor 33, 36 Guntherville ...19 Eaton. . . Trails .. .34 Fort Stevens 24 Indian Manor 36 Guyney 21. 20. 28 Eaton Fort St. George . ..16, 24 Indian War. .17. 20. Lighthouse ...34 40 Gysbert Op Dyck 16 Eaton's Neck Wikoft .... "*^ The 34 Fort Gysbert Island Indians. Eaton's Neck 41 Bears 16 14 Fort Wood Island of the Prof 31 38 Ebeling, . WW 18 Foster Meadow Isle of Patmos Presbyterian [[ 36, 40 Eboracum ,g Foster Meadow Isle of Wight. Eldert homestead ~^ H 23, 35, 36, 41 26 Church Islip Eldert, Johannes Inn ...- 35 42 ' Fountain Hackensaek Indians Islip Estate Elizabeth The population 35.„ 41,41 434J Fowler.-i. River . . Islip . . .37 Hackensack Joe . Elizabeth Francis Cove Isola Lange . . .42 Hale, Nathan . . 34 Elizabethtown Franklin. Governor . . ..29 Hallett. Gideon Elliott house .... Walter .29 1 ...29 Franklin. Hallett's Cove . . 17. 21 Manor 1 Elliott Lubbertsen . .28 .29 41. 42 Frederick Hallett. William Jackson Homestead Ellis Island . . .31 Freeport . .37 B. Hallook. Peter . . Jackson. Thomas . . .29 English Kills . ..39 23 Meadow . Fresh . Halsey House . . . Jacob Hellakers . English Towns. the. . . .32 Friends Academy . .30 17,26 Hamilton. Col. . Jacob Wolphertsen Equendlto ~^ Meeting Home. Beth ..39 39 Friends Farmhouse , " 33 Hamton Jagger Erasmus Hall '',' 30 page . .31 ...16. 17. i Harbor Hill • • Jamaica Band Erskine. Lord House, Flush SO ^^ Friends Meeting . .33 .16, 17, 19. Hardscrabble . . . Jamaica Bay. Eurewic „„ 29 Ing . .38 30 . , Court • Hardy. Com. . Jamaica Evergreen • • House. Jer- 32 Friends Meeting . .42 Church 30. Cemetery of the. .33 Harlem River . Jamaica Dutch Evergreens. ^^ ..42 -10. »i icho • Population House, Ma- Harsimus Jamaica Friends Meeting of ^i. Presbyterian Meetlng^^ Rocks Lighthouse .. 15 Hartford. Treaty ^- Jamaica Execution tinecock " Hastings ~ House William ^" ib"3o'41" Frost. Hauppauge » Jamaica Town 16.30, House ^9 Furman Hauppauge Road " Jamaica Village " ^0. 3 1 Furman's Island '8 '* 18. 36 .33 Havemeyer Point Inn James, Duke of York Farmingdale "' 39 ^^ Hazard. James Jamesport Farms. The Cow Harbor 31 Aertsen 21 . . .31 Head of Jan Rockaway •• 35 27 Far of the Harbor de Swede 17. ^ 38. 40 Head Jan Farrett, James Gamoenepa '.'' '^" Evertsen Bout 21 . ..38 ,o Heckewelder Jan Farrett's Island the West India Co. 42 J-* 28 32 Garden ;of Heemstede Jan Jansen Feexe. John David *" 20. .... 21 Gardiner. . Teunlssen 17. 19. 21 4U Heeregracht. de Jan Ferry. The Homestead 22, 23, .23 35 Gardiner Hegeman. .\drian Jan Tomassen .... Island John ''' ^i Fire 36 Gardiner. ,n Hellegat — « Jan Van Rotterdam Beach . . .35, 36, 40 Fire Island Gardiner. Lyon. 18, 33, 34, Gerardse ^' Lighthouse 35 Hellgate » *^ Jean Fire Island Gardiner's Bay '*'*'" '.. 41 ::",VAn Hellgate Ferry " Jericho ..37. 18, 36, 40 Fire Place Gardiner's Island Islands j° Johnson House " Church •> Hellgate Fire Place Gardiner's Neck " 17. 28. JO on Long Hellgate Neck Johnson's Land First Dutch Church House - 31 25 Garretsen Hempstead Dutch Church Jones Homestead " Island Gebroken Land Church. Thomas i^ Church on Hempstead Episcopal Jones, Major First Episcopal George II 31. 32 . .36 Long Island . Neck •°° 31,32 IS. 31 George's Hempstead Harbor First General Assembly... Creek Gerrettsen „l Hempstead Plain 31 21 Methodist Church Creek, Mill at 43 Kakapoteyno First Gerrettsen -^ Hempstead Population . 31, 41, 28 . ..29 2- .17, Long Island Gheele Hoek "'^l' Presbyterian Kanapaukah .. .16 Hempstead 41 Fishers' Hook, The Andrew '" Kennedy's Island 38 Gibb. Church ^1 .16. 26 1'' 37. ..26. 41 Fishers' Island . Keshkechqueren Gibbet Island Hempstead Rectory 31 33 Island Lighthouse 26 Ketanomocke Fishers' Glbbs. Charles Hempstead Swamp "^ Island Sound Hook 25 Fishers' Glen Cove ^^ Town, Keuters' Hempstead Captain .31, 40 Fish House Glenhead 16. 17, 18, 30. 32, 41 Kldd. Jonathan Rock 31 Fish. Gloucester County ^^ Hempstead Village 14, IS, 31 Kldd's Point Kieft. Governor William. Fish Godyn's Baal Hendrick's Bluff 24 43 Samuel 16. 17. 20. 26. 41. Fish. Goetze's Hotel Hercules Dutch Towns. The l^ Kievlt's Hoeck Five Good Ground ^' 3 -H The Herrlck, William .26. 27 Five Proprietors. Goodyear, Stephen ^» family 31 Kljkult 1° Hewlett Kol .42 Flatbush Church '„ ••.„'!? Gooseband, The 28 Kll Achter 20. 40. 41 Hewlett. George .42 Flatbush Population... House ^° 28 Kill Van KuU Gosman Hewlett's Island .42 Flatbush Town. Island.. 16. 17. 41. 4- .17 Kil Van Kol 41 Governor's Hicks Beach .32 16. 19. 20. 25 26. Killingsworth ' ' 31 25 Gowanls „1 Hicks Neck .40 Village 17 19 21.• 22 David Pharao Flathush Oowanus i'. " - Thomas 3" King Church 26 ^' Hicks. Rufus .30 Flatlands Gowanus Cove '"• Benjamin 25 King. Neck House 26 Hltchings, County. Flatlands Gowanus Creek " Hobbamock 16 Kings Neck Schoolhouse 26 14. 17. 18. 19. 20. 41 Flatlands Gowanus Mill ^- Population...... 23 Hoboken County, Capital of..... -25 Flatlands Gowanus Stonehouse *2 Kings 20, 26. 40, 41 Hohuk Court -4. 25 Bay 25 42 Kings County Gravesend Hog Island 32, Flatlands Town. 16, 19, 20. 26, 41 Church 24 Kings County Courthouse ^5 Gravesend Hogs Island 30 ^5 19' -j" 40. 41 Jail Flatlands Village Population. . 20, Kings County Gravesend Hoopaninak -0 24. 41 Militia Flats ' Town... 16. 20. 24 Kings County '" Gravesend Hope, The 25 Top Tree Village 14, 18, 19 Kings County Poorhouse Flat Gravesend Hopoakanhacklng 4 Governor '" The 16 County Population. Fletcher, Gray Goose Band. Hoppoque 35 Kings and N. Hempstead 41 18. 20. 40. 41. 43 Flushing Great Bay. The Horse Neck 33,34 Turnpike --3" Harbor 34 Kings County Postofflce 22 'ireat Cow ^ Horton, Barnabas 37 Valua- Flushing Bay York City Kings County Taxable "',1 Greater New House 37 ,,° iV28. 26 Horton 20. 41 Flushing Creek ^» Flat. The ... tlOn Great Horton's Point 37 ni z&oc Guardhouse ^9 .. .38 King's Highway 24. Flushing Great Gull Island Hossemus ^2 Flushing Hotel 30 Hog Neck Island 41 Kings Manor «" •28 Great Howard, Jonathan 29 Flushing Meadows Great Neck Halfway House 25 Kioshk " Population ...30.40,41 H Howards Richard 31 Flushing Great Peconlc Bay Howard, William 25 Kirk, Flushing Town "''?!' The Kleyne Baal, de 41 1, Great Plains, How, Daniel 32. 39 42 Flushing Village....l4. 18. 30. 41 Pond Kleyne Barent Eylandt 30 Great Howell. Edward Flushing Village Hall Island Kleyne Rivier, de 42 Great Rams Howell Homestead 33 42 Folstone °^ Bay 16. 34 .39 Kol, 't Great South Howell House 40 Forge •• Greenfield Konkhunganick . . J7 Howell. Silas 39 Forge River 36. Hills 17 I Green Forester. Captain Andrew. 46 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

Page Page Page Page Konooh 16 Manning's Island 42 Montfort. Pieter 17 Nissequogue 35 Kowenhowen House 28 Manor 36 Montressor Island 42 Nissequogue River 34. 35 Kreupelbosch 22 Manor of St. George 36 Montrose Village 31 Nissequogue South Farm Kruispad, het 19 Manors, The 20 Moody. 35 Lady Deborah 24,25 Nomlnick Hill 40 Manorville 36 Moore Houses 28 Nonowantuck 35 Manowtasquott 37 Moore, Rev. John 28 Noorman's Kil 27 Marine PaviUion 31 Moriches Lake Ronkonkoma 31,35 36, 37, 41 Noort Kil, de 42 Marospinck 16. 31 Morris. Lewis Lakeville 31 32 Noort Rivier. de 41 Martense Family 25 Mosquetah 32 Lane. Daniel 34 Noort West Kil 42 Martense House 25 Mount Misery Lane. John 25 36 Nooten Eylandt 26. 41 Martin. Governor 31 32 Mount Prospect 38 North Brooklyn Lattingtown Marychkenwickingh 22 Lawrence, Homer 2S IG, 17 Mount Sinai 36 North Dumpling Lighthouse. . 38 Maspeth 28 Lawrence, John 30 Mowbray. John 35 Northfleet 37 Maspeth Hills 29 Muhlenburgh, Dr Lawrence's Neck 30 30 North Hempstead 30. 41 Maspeth Island 28 Mulford House Lawrence, Thomas 30 37 North Hempstead, pop, 31, 41, 43 Massapeaque 16. 17 Lawrence. William 30 Munnawtawkit 38 North Neck 40 Massapeaque River 16 Lebanon Cedar 40 Murray Hill 30 Northport 34 Massapeaque Tribe 31, 32. 33 Musketo Cove 32 LefEerts Homestead (Hunting- North Riding 13, 31 Masters' Mill 27 ton) 34 Musgytte Hool 26 North River 41 Mastic 36. 37 Lefferts House (Flatbush) 25 Mystic River 36 North Sea 39 Mastic Neck 36 Lefferts House, Leffert (Brook- Northwest 40. 41 Mastic River 36 lyn) 23 Norwich 32 Matinecoc 16 N Lefferts House, LefCert (Bush- Nowedonah 39, 40 Matinecoc Tribe. Naehaquatuck 33 wick) 27 Noyac 40 17, 29, 31. 32. 33, 35 Naieck 23 Lefferts House, Rem (Brook- Matinecock 32 Napier 24 lyn) 23 Matinecough 26 Narragansett River Lenl Lenape 16 36 O Matouwac 17 Narraganset Tribe 14. Oakland Cemetery 40 Leveredge 33 40 Matouwacs, The 14, 16. 17 Narrasketuck Oaklands 25 Leverlch, Caleb 2? 34 Matsepe 16 Narrows, The Oak Neck 32, Leverich Homestead 29 16, 24, 41 35 Mattano 23 Nassau Occombamack Neck 37 Leverich. William 32 17 Mattaveno 23 Nassau County Oester Baal 32 Lewis, Francis 30 18, 43 Mattemay 36 Nassau Ferry Oester Eylandt 41 Lexington, Steamer 34 23 Mattituck Nassau Rivier Ohio, Ship L'Hommedieu House 37 37. 41 41 39 Mattituck Creek 37 Nasseconsack Old Bouwery, the Linnaean Gardens 30 35 24 Mattituck Presbyt. Church 37 Navy Yard Old Brickhouse, the Little Bay, The 41 17, 23 33 Mattituck Village 37 Nayack Old Bushwick Road 27 Little Gull Island 3S 17,23 Maumanum 39 Nayack Indians 23 Old Farm, the 28 Little Gull Island Lighthouse. 3!J Mauritius Rivier 41 Neapeague 40 Old Fields Point 37 Little Neck 30,31.36 Maurits Rivier Near Rockaway Old Fields Lighthouse Little Neck Bay 30 41 30. 31 37 McDonald, Dr 30 Near Rockaway Old Man's gg Little Neck Hotel 30 Methodist McGee House 26 Church 31 Old Man's. Congregational Little Rams Island 38 Meadowbrook '. Necommack Church 36 Little River. The 42 31 36 Mechowodt Needham Old Man's Harbor Livingston. Col 3S 16, 33 41 36 Mecox Bay 39 Nesaquake 16, 17, 33, 34. 35 Old Newtown Road 28 Lloyd. James 34 * Mecoxe, Mecocks 39 Netherlands 20 Old Place. The it; Lloyd's Neck 33, 34 Megapolensis. Rev 25 New Amsterdam Old Woodpoint Road Lloyd's Point Lighthouse 34 20, 21 26 Melrose Hall 25 Newark 42 Olympic 35 Locust Valley 32 Melville 34 Ne\^'ark Bay Onderdonck. Henry Locust Valley Reformed 42 31 Memanusack 35 New Arnheim Onek House 39 Church 32 28 Merosuck 39 New Bridge Onek Point 39 Lonely Barn. The 30 31 Oost Rivier, Merric, Merricoke. . 16, 17, 31, 33 New Brooklyn de 42 Long Beach Lighthouse 37 22 Merrick Road New England Oostwout 25 37 Colonies. . Long Island. .14, 17. 18. 36, 38. 42 18, 36, 39 Merricks P. O 41 (Tribes Oquenock 35 Long Island a Century Ago... 41 14.) Mespatt Kills New Ferry, Orange County 40 Long Island City 27 28 The 22 Meutelaer Island 26 New Haven Colony, Orient 37 Island Ferry 20, Long 22 Orient Point Mexico, ship 31 18, 33, 34. 36, 37 37 Long Island Population. . . .14, 18 Miamegg 39 New London 33 Orient Village 37 Long Island Sound., 14, 15, 16, 42 Oriwie Miamogue 39 New Lots Church 26 Creek 35 Long Island Tribes 16. 17, 33 Oriwie Miantacutt 40 New Lots Population 20 Lake 35 Longknife. Chief . . 39 Osborne House Middelburgh 17, 19, 25, 28 New Lots Town 16, 19, 20, 25 40 Lord Howe's Headquarters, , ,24 Middelwoud New Lots Oude Dorp 43 Losee House 31 19, 22, 25 Town Hall 26 Middle Neck Road New Lots Village 0"se Love Island 41 15 25 .y./.'.lS Mlddleton, Thomas 38 New Lotts of Bu^hwick Oyster Bank 42 Lovelace. Governor 17, 41 27 Middletown 41 New Lotts of Oyster Bay 32, 39 Lubbert's Swamp 28 Flatbush 25 Middle Village New Oyster Bay, First Baptist Luclni's Map 29 Market 31 38 Middle Church Ludlow, George Village Meth, Church., 29 New Mills 35 32 Duncan 31 Oyster Bay, Midwout 16, 20, 22, New Netherland population . 33, 41, Luqueer's Mill 23 25 ,.,14, 17, 18. 20 43 Milford 42 Newtown Oyster Bay Town, Lusam 33 Creek, ...19, 26, 27, 28 Militia of Province 41 Newtown Dutch 17, 18, 31. 32, 33, 41 Luyster, Cornelius 28 Church 28 Militia of Kings County Newtown Oyster Bay Village 32, 41 Luyster Farm 28 41 Presbt'n Church 28 Mill Creek Newtown Oyster Island 42 Luyster House 28 39 p. E. Church 28 Miller. Andrew 36 Newtown Town, Oyster Ponds 37 Miller Oyster Ponds, fort House (Millers Place),.. 36 16, 17.' 18, 19. 20, 27, 28, 41 at 38 M Miller House (Rosiyn) 31 Newtown Village Oyster Ponds Point 35 Macutteris ig, 41 26 Miller House (Williamsburgh).27 New Utrecht Church Oyster Ponds Village 41 Maereck, Maereckkaak 24 16, 17 Millers Place 36 New Utrecht Population, Maereckkaakwick 16, 17. 21 Miller. William 36 20, 24, 40 41 Mahlcan 16 Mill Hill 32 New Utrecht Town. Maidstone Paggauck 41 39, 40 Mills. The 37 16, 17. 19, 20, 23. 41 Palmer House 28 Makeopaca 25 Millville 36 New Utrecht Village., 19. 21, 23 Papermill Mallard Inn 37 on Oriwie Lake 35 Minasseroke ZC, Newwark Manchonock 29 PapermlU Rosiyn 31 36, 40 Minnahanonck 42 New York City Mancy, Francis 43 Parkville 25 34 Minnisais 41 New York. Colony . of. . IS. 37. 40 Passquesset Manetts 16 Mispat Band 33 16, 17, 28 New York, County of 40. 41 Passaic River Manet te 16 43 Mispat Kil 28 New York Ferry 23 Manetto Hill Patchoag 16, 35, 36, 37 33 Mispat Settlement 28 New York Harbor, Map of 41 Patchogue 37, 41 ManhansackaahaquatuwamockSS Mitchell. Dr. Samuel New York, 31 Province of I8 Patchogue Church 37 Manhanset 16, 17, 38, 40 Mitchell. Henry New York, 30 State of 43 Paterquos 35 Manhasset 16. 17, 38. 40 Mitchell Homestead 29 Niamuck 39 Patmos, Isle of Manhasset Neck 15, 16, 31 Mitchell 35 Lighthouse 3i Nieuw Amersfoort 19, 20. 26 Patroons Manhasset Village 31 Moeung 20 25 Nieuw Amsterdam 20. 41 Paulus Hoeck Manhattan Borough 43 42 Mohawks 19 21 Nieuwe Dorp Manhattan Indians 23, 24, 42 Paumanack is, 17 13,23 Momoveta 40 Nieuw Nederland Manhattan Island, 41 Pauquacumsuck 39 Mongotucksee 39 NicoIIs, Col. Richard 18, 24 Pauwe Baai 42 16. 20, 28, 41, 43 Montaigne Rivier 41 Nicolls, Governor... Manhattan Tribe 24, 31, 34, 38 Pavonia 20, 42 16 Montauk Peninsula 40 Nicolls, Matthias 34, 35 Payne Boyhood Home Manhattans Rivier 41 Montauk Point 40 40. 43 Nicolls River 35 Payntar family Manlttuwond 38 Montauk Tribe 28 ....14, 16, 17, 40 Nicolls. William 35 Peck Slip Ferry Mannahaning 25 20 Montfort. Jan ! 17 | Ninlgret Peconie 37.' '.'.'.'.3i^ Bay. . . , ! ! ! ! ". ! 38. 39 47 Eagle Library—GENERAL INDEX

Page I Page Page Page I Episcopal Church Setauket 1^ St. John's -^S- Remsen. Abraham 29 peconlc Creek 36 (Islip) 35 ^J | 29 Setauket Church 38, 41 Reinsen, Jeromus 30 Peconic Mills ^ 36 St. Paul's College Renisen Mill 23 Setauket Gristmill ^^ ! Pelletreau house 36 St. Ronan's Well 28 20, 35 Setauket Harbor Renselaerwijck Staaten Eylandt 42 Pembroke '.V"?? 32 Setauket Town 36 it-, ^i Rhode Island 21, Penawltz. Penhawis 36 Staten Island.l6, 17, 18. 19. 20, 23 43 Setauket Town Hall 28 Richmond Borough 42 Penfold Family 17, 33, 36 Staten Island Sound 24 Richmond County 18, 40, 41 Setauket Tribe Pennoyer, Robert 41 Statistics 40 27 Setauket Village 36, Perth Amboy Ridgewood 36 Stephen. Chief 40 J^ The 18 Sevilla Philip Gerardse Ridings. 1*^ Sterling, Dowager of 17 "* House 28 Sewan Pine Island Riker 1*^ Sterling, William, Earl of. 28 Sewanhacky ^'^ Riker's Island 31. 38 Pine Lands 17. 23 17, ^"^ 16, 17, 21 Seysey. Seiseu Fine. Region Rinnegaconck 26 Sterling Village 37. 41 Tavern 25 Shanscomacocke Piping Rock Farm Rising Sun 41 Stevens House 28 37 Shatemuck Place, the Riverhead 25 Stevens Point 28 Riverhead Courthouse & Jail.. 37 Sheepshead Bay Plandome 1*^ Stevenson, Thomas 28 43 Shellmoney Riverhead Population. . .39, 41, Stillwell Family 24 Plum Gut Island 16. 35. 37, 39 3S Riverhead Town 17, 37, 38, 41 Shelter IG. 37, | 25 Plum Island Island Population, Stillwell House Riverhead Village 38, 41 Shelter Plum Island Lighthouse 41. 43 Stonington 38 24 38, Gate River Indians 35, 36, 41 Pluym Shelter Island Sound 40 Stony Brook Company, The. River, The -11 Eylandt 16. 42 Plymouth Shelter Island Town, Stooten Rivier Achter Kol 42 25 Poggatacut 37, 38. 41 Story Homestead 42 17, IS, . . . Hellegat 26 Point Say-Brook Rivier Shinacock 40 Strand. The Estate 2S Robbins Reef 42 Eliphalet 30 polhemus Shinnecock Bay 39 Stratton. Theodorus 27 Robins Island 37, 38 30 polhemus, Shinnecock Creek 39 Strattonport Division of the Rockaway band 16 36 Political Shinnecock Hills 39 Strong's Neck ^^ Bay 1 6. 30 26 Island Rockaway Shinnecock Lighthouse 39 Stroom Kil 3^ Beach 31 25 Pompumo Rockaway Neck 39 Strycker House (Flatbush) 39 30 Shinnecock Inlet (Gravesend) . . 25 Ponquogue Neck Rockaway Shinnecock Reservation 39 Strycker House Bowery 28 Rockaway Tribe 17. 28. 30 Stuyvesant, Director General, Poor Shinnecock Tribe 17. 39. 40 2S Village 41 Poor Farm Rockaway Shoobrook 32 14. 20. 26. 32, 41 36' 37 Rock Hall 31 Suanhacky 16, 17 Poosepatuck '" Shooters Island 42 40 37 of Colony of N. Y. . Rocky Point 31 Population Sichteyhacky 36 Success Population of Long Island, Rodenbergh 3G Success Pond 31 Silver Lake 39 40. 41. 43 Rodman. Dr 30 Suffolk County 16, 17. 18, 41 Simcoe, Col 32 of New Netherland, Hotel (Patchogue) 37 County Population. Population Roe Sinderman. Matthew 32 Suffolk 14. Roe house (Port Jefferson) ... 36 IS. 40 41. 43 Sinnecox 16, 17, 39 31. 35 . . . Ronkonkoma Pond Suffolk Courthouse & Jail. .39, 41 Poquatuck Sintsink (Hempstead) .16, 17, 31 Hoek, 't 21, 22 Suffolk Freeholders 41 Poquot Roode Sintsink (Newtown) 17 Jefferson Roode Hoogties 21 Summers House 32 Port Sisakus 42 Jefferson Harbor 3fi Roslyn Papermill 31 Sunderland, Matthew 32 Port Skillman House (Bushwick) ... 27 ** ^ 31 Port May Roslyn Flourmill House (Roslyn) 31 Sunnyside 28 31 31 Skillman Port Washington Roslyn Village Skookwams Neck 35 Sunsquam's Village 34 24 28 28 Post Road Round Island Slangenbergh 42 Sunswick Cove 2S Thomas 38 Sunswick Creek 28 Pot Rouse. Sloops Bay 26 Powell's Creek 34 Count 34 Susconomen 32 Rumford, Smith, Col. William 36.37 Thomas 33 23 Susco's Wigwam 32 Powell, Rutger. Josten Smith, Epenetus 35 Captain Peter 28 30 Ditmas Mansion 25 Praa. Rustdorp Smith Family Burial Place.... 36 Suydam Hill 25 28 Suydam House 27 Prospect Rycken. Abraham Smith Farm, Dan 31 House 27 Gysbert 28 Sweet Hollow 34 Provoost Rycken, Smithfield 35 Eyland 3S 28 Syosset 32. 33 Pruym Rycken, Hendrick Smith. Richard. Jr 34 25 Sylvester, Brinley 38 Ryder's Pond Smith's Island 2S Sylvester, Constant 38 Smith's Point 36 Sylvester, Giles 35 Smith. Tangier 36 House 38 Quaker Burying Ground 29 Smithtown Bay 36 Sylvester Sylvester. Nathaniel 38 Quaker Meeting House, Sabonock 36 Smithtown Branch 35 31 31 Sylvester's Island 38 Manhasset Saccut Smithtown Population . 35, 41, 43 Quaker Meeting House. Sachem's Hole 40 Smithtown Presbyt. Church... 35 JIaspeth 29 Sackett. Judge Joseph 29 Smithtown Town, Quaker Meeting House. Sackhigneyah 28 IS, 33. 34, 35. 41 Takapousha 17, 32 Westbury 31 Saggaponock 39 Smithtown Village 35 Talbot Island 42 28 36 Quandoequareus Sagg Pond 39 1 Smith, William Floyd 37 Tangier Smith Quantuck Bay 39 Sig Harbor 35. 40, 41 Smit's vly. de 20 Taxable Valuation of Towns. Qhawnotiwock 40 Saghtekoos 35 Snake Hill 28. 42 20. 41 Queen Anne 31 Salisbury Plains 31 Sohquompuo 14, 15 Taylor, John 32 Queen Caroline 36 Salt Bay 30, 41 South Brooklyn 22 Tenkenas 42 Queens 30 Sammis Hotel 31 Soutli Greenfield 25 Terhune. Judge Isaac 25 Queens Borough 43 Sampawam's Neck 34 Southampton Bay 39 Terry's Gristmill 37 Queens County. Sampawam's Village 34 Southampton Church 39 Terry. Thomas 32 14, 16, 17. 18, 19. 30. 41 Sandforfs Point 28 Southampton Plantation, Tew's Neck 30 Queens County Population. Sand's Point 31 17. 36. 39 Thompson 14. 21, 3S IS, 40. 41. 43 Sand's Point Lighthouse ... 16, 31 Southampton Population. Thompson, George 32 Queens Court 41 Sanfort. Chancellor Nathan... 30 39, 40, 41. 43 Thompson House 31 Queens Village 34 Sanfort Hall 30 Southampton Town. .18. 3ii. 39, 41 Thompson. James 32 Quinnipiack 36 Sandy Hook 41 Southampton Village 39, 41 Three Mile Harbor 40 Quogue 39 Saphorakan 17 South Haven 36,37 Three Plantations. The. 17. 37. 39 41 South Hempstead 30 Throgg's Neck 30 Sappohanicke I Titus. 29 Say and Seal, Lord 36 Southold Church 37 I Francis Say Brook 36 Southold Jail 37 1 Tobaccus. Sachem, 37 Tonneman. Schout 23 Southold Plantation 17.37,40 I Race. The .38 Sayfield '\ 36 Southold Population. 3S, 40, 41, 43 Topping. Thomas 39 Race Point 38 Sayvill Towns, The 18, 40 I Southold Town 1 37, 38, 41 Rams Head 38 Sayre House 39 Homestead (New Southold Village 37, 41 Townsend House (Oyster Bay). 32 Rams Island 40 Schenck 26 South Plantation 39 Townsend House (Port Jeffer- Randall's Island 16, 42 Lots) Martense.26 South Williamsburgh 27 son) 36 Rapalje house, Jacob 28 Schenck House. Jan Schenck's Mill 27 Southton 36 I Townsend. Thomas 33 Rapalje Mansion (Brooklyn) . .'SS Schermerhorn Mansion 23 Souwassett 36 Treadwell's Bank 35 Rapalje Tavern (Bushwick) . . 27 16, 17 Turtle Hill 40 2ti Schryers Hook 25 Souwenos Rapelje house (New Lots) . . . . Schumacher's Hotel 29 Sowanohke 16, 17 Tyler Homestead 40 Rapelje Mansion (Newtown) . . 28 Springfield '. .30, 33 Tymen Jansen 16, 28 Ratiocan 34 Schutters' Eylandt 42 18 Spring Hill Farm 30 Ravenswood .17, 28 Scott. Major John Squaw Islands 33 U Ravenswood Poorfarm 28 Seal Islands 35, 36 St. Andrews-by-t he-Dunes 39 Ulster County 40, 41 31 Seatalcott 34. 35 Raynor, Edward Unaniie Tribe 42 St. George Church (Flushing) . 29 Raynorstown 31 Seatalcutt South 36 39 St. George Church (Hemp- Uncohoug 36 Rechhouwhacky 16. 30 Seatuck Cove 40 stead) 31 Underhill. Captain John 32 Rechtauk 41 Sea View House St. George Manor House 36 Union Hall Academy 30 Red Heights 21 Secatoag 16. 17, 33, 34, 35 42 St. George's Manor 36. 37, 41 UnionvIIle 25 Red Hook (Brooklyn) .. 17, 21. 26 Secaucus 35 St. John's Episcopal Church Unltechaug 16, 17, 23 Red Hook (Huntington) 34 Sequatogue Neck Riding.20 (Huntington) 34 Ure 18 Red Hook Mill 23 Sessions House of West 48 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

Page Page Page Page V Wainscot t 40, 41 Whitehead, Major Daniel, Woolsey Family 32 Valentine House 31 VValboght 19. 20. 21. 22 2S, 32, 33, 35 Woolsey Farm 28 Van Corlear 23 Wallabout 21. 22 Whitestone 30 Woolsey House (Oyster Bay). 32 Van Cortlandt. Stephen 35 Wallahout Village 16 Whitney, Daniel 33 Woolsey Mansion (Newtown) . .28 36 Vanderbilt. John 29 Wampmisslc 27 Whitman Homstead 34 Wowopog Wright, Edmund 32 Van der Donck 17. 2S. 42 Wampum 17 Whitman, Israel 35 Van der Donck's Map. Wyandance. Wyandanch. Wandell. Thomas 28 Wight, Isle of 3i;, 40 19. 23. 3S. 39 17. 33, 34 Wandewenock 27 Willett, Richard 35 Vanderveer Farmhouse 29 Wyckoff Farm 27 Wanequaheag 35 Willett, Thomas 35 Vanderveer Homestead 25 Wyckoff Homestead 25 Wantagh 27 Williams, Robert 32,33 . . Van Duyn Hill 29 Wyckoff House (Bushwlck) . 27 Wappinger Tribe 16 Van Duyn. Willem 29 WilUamsburgh and .Jamaica Wyckoff House (Gravesend) . .25 Van Pelt House (Newtown) ... 28 Ward's Island 16. 17. 42 Turnpike 29 Wyckoff House (New Lots)... 26 Van Pelt Manor House 24 Warwick. Earl of 36 WilUamsburgh City .... 19. 20. 27 Wyckoff. Pieter Claes 26 Van Rensellaer, Anna 35 Washington. George. 31. 32. 37, 40 WilUamsburgh Ferries 27 Wyllis. Samuel 38 Van Rensellaer Family 35 Washington House 28 vVilliamsburgh Fountain Inn.. 27 Van Rensellaer. Killian 35 Watermill 39 WilUamsburgh Methodist Meet- Van Ruy ven. Cornells 25 Waterside, The 17. 28 ing House 26 Yaphank 36 Van Siclen House (Graves- Wawepex 33 WilUamsburgh Town 20. 27 Ye Anchorage Inn 37 end) 25 Webb Farm 37 WilUamsburgh Village. .19. 27. 43 Yellow Hook 21,22 Van Siclen House (New Lots). 26 Wecquaeskeek 16 Wimbaccoe 26 Yellow Hook Mill 23 Van Tienhoven. Cornells 21 Weehawk. Weehawken 42 Windsor Terrace 25 Yennecock 37 Van Twiller. Wouter 17. 26. 41 n'erah 32 Winganhauppauge Creek 35 Ye olde Canoe Place Inn 39 Van Twiner's Flat 26 Werpcs 21 Winthrop. Gov. John 17. 36. 38 Yonkers 16 Van Werckhoven. Cornelis. . . . 23 West Brooklyn 22 Witte Klip, de 30 Yonkers Island 28,29 Van Zandt. Wynandt 30 Westbury 31. 33 Wolphert Gerretsen 26 York 18 Varcken Eylandt 42 Westchester County 40. 41 Wolver Hollow 32 York, Duke of 17. 18. 42 Veehte-Cortelyou House 23 West Deer Park 34 Wolver Hollow Ref. Church... 32 Yorkshire 18 Veer, het 19. 22 Western Tribes 17 Woodbridge 42 Youngs Burial Place 32 Verbrande Meulen. de 41 Westhampton 39. 41 Woodbury 33 Youncs House (Oyster Bay).. 32 Vernon Valley 34 West Hills 34 Wood. Edmond 35 Y'oungs House (Southold) 37 VIsschers' Eylandt 38 West India Company. Wood House. Silas 34 Y'oungs. Rev. John 37 Vlaeck. 't 25 17. 18. 19, 20, 22, 32 Woodhull. Gen 23. 30 Youngs. Thomas 32 Vlakke Bos. 't 22, 25 West Island 32 Wood. Jonas 35 Vlakke Land 26 West Neck '.34 Woodpoint 26 Vlissingen 29 West Riding 18,20,24 Wood. Silas 14 Zabriskift Homestead 25 West Setauket 36 Wood. Timothy 35 Zant Hoeck 41 w Whaley House 27 Woolsey. Rev. Benjamin 32 Zeewant 17 Wading Brook 39 Wheelers 35 Woolsey Burial Places 32 Zout Zee 30.41 Wading River 3S. 39, 41 White Farm, The 29 Woolsey Estate 32 Zwaanendal 20 ,A^^^^^^N.^<^^^^^^^>^/\/%^^^N^^^^./W^.VS^S^/S^^^^>^^S^^»^^^^N/%^/N^>^^^/>^/^'V^^^^^^^^^^V^.^V^^^rf^W^WWW^^^WW^S^^^^^^^^V^^^^^^^^»^^^

THE EAGLE is the recognized authority for Long Island news. Constant effort is made to strengthen its service. Branch offices and staff employees are main- tained throughout the Island. No newspaper in the United States covers its territory so thoroughly as The Eagle, This Library number is one of a series of annual publications that are found invaluable to subscribers. The Eagle Almanac is acknowledged to be the best ref- erence book of its kind. No home or office library is complete without a copy. The Eagle was founded in 1841, and the first edition of the paper was printed on the third floor of 39 Fulton street, on October 26. On October 26, 1911, The Eagle celebrated its seventieth anniversary, and was in receipt of a most remarkable series of tributes from public men, journalists, business men and newspapers, as well as readers in all parts of the world. Visitors are welcome at The Eagle Building at all times. New improvements and additions are being made at the present time, in accordance with the dominant purpose of making it the most completely equipped newspaper plant in the United States, if not in the world. Eagle Library—SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND 49

DAYTON HEDGES

paigner he has an unparalleled As an example of a self-made i man, Dayton Hedges of Pat- reputation, possessing the unusual chogue occupies a unique position. ability to win friends and support-

By his own efforts Mr. Hedges has ers from all factions and parties. risen from a lifesaver to one of Mr. Hedges was largely talked the leading business men of Pat- of as a candidate for Congress .n chogue and to the head of the 1912, and he was urged by many of largest asphalt concern in the his party leaders to make the run,

United States, besides having held but he declined a nomination, many political honors. wishing for the time to be relieved

Mr. Hedges was born at Bridge- of political worries on account of

re- hampton, L. 1., in 1885, the son of the stress of business. He had

Mr. and Mrs. Nathan O. Hedges, cently formed the Dayton Hedges York one of the oldest families on Long gaged in the coal and feed business Asphalt Company in New large Island. The house in which he was under his own name. He was very City, and was engaged with metropolis. born is said to be the oldest house successful. Last year his company street contracts in the just been in- in New York State. It is a fa- was incorporated as the Patchogue This company has mous landmark and an object of Coal and Feed Company. He was corporated as the Municipal As- much interest to thousands of married in 1907 to Mary Elizabeth phalt Company, with Mr. Hedges tourists each year. McCormick, daughter of the late at the head, and it is said to be

Mr. Hedges received his early James H. McCormick, a well- the largest concern of its kind in education in public schools. When known horseman, who died in Ber- the United States. political and busi- a young lad he went with his par- lin two years ago. Through his has ents to Centre Moriches, where Even when only a boy Mr. ness connections, Mr. Hedges

they took over the Moriches Inn, Hedges became interested in poli- a large acquaintance throughout

is a congenial a retreat for summer vacationists. tics, and the year he became of age New York State. He a Later they came to Patchogue and found him a candidate for assessor man, who never fails to make of the ran the Mascot House, a famous of the Town of Brookhaven on the friend. He is a member sev- shore resort. Democratic ticket. He was de- Masonic orders, the Elks and also a As a young man, Mr. Hedges feated by a narrow majority. eral other lodges. He is Athletic had a love for adventure, and one In 1909. when he was only 24 member of the New York and of his first outsets in life was that years old, he ran for suoervisor Club, the Transportation Club several of a lifesaver at the United States of the Town of Brookhaven, and others. He is a director in

Lifesaving Station on Great South was successful in turning the nor- banks and institutions.

Beach, opposite Patchogue. He has mally Republican town into a Mr. Hedges' office is at 1451 City, and his had some thrilling experiences in sweeping Democratic victory for Broadway, New York avenue, that position. 'himself. Two years later, in 1911, home is on North Ocean

re-elected, Patchogue. He has two children. In 1907 Mr. Hedges left his life he was renominated and j years old, of adventure on the beach and re- He declined a renomination for a James Dayton Hedges, 5 Hedges, 3 years. turned to Patchogue, where he en- third term in 1913. As a cam- and Burke Osborn

4 1

50 Eagle Library—SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND

HENRY P. KEITH

Henry P. Keith of Hempstead is a tempts I j he became recognized as the gressman secured the nomination,

unique and spectacular figure in the real leader of the Democracy of Nassau | Owing to this friendship Mr. Keith has

' civic life of Nassau County. No man County and every year there has been I been able to secure his hold on the

has a more loyal following and no man \ a useless futile attempt to wrest to bestow a and i leadership and number of

is more greatly admired than he by his this title from him. He was recognized post office appointments. Mr. Keith

political opponents. He is at the pres- as an ally of the Tammany machme of was formerly counsel to the State ]

ent time counsel to the Board of years re- Super- j Manhattan, but two ago, at the Controller in Nassau County, but

visors of Nassau County and is the rep- 1 earnest solicitation of his many Demo- signed from that office to become

resentative of Suffolk and Nassau Supervisors. | cratic friends he threw down the gaunt- counsel to the Board of

Counties in the Democratic State Com- let of war to the Tammany leaders and is a lawyer of keen acumen and j He mittee. Although a young man, he has party Village j has absolutely divorced the ma- his services to the Hempstead

been the leader in the Democratic chinery of Nassau County from the Board will be remembered for the party of Nassau County for the past Tammany interests. The representa- soundness of his advice, when the decade. He is a native of Brooklyn, tive of the Democratic parly in the sewer system was being inaugurated. but has lived in Hempstead Village State Committee was former Senator Although his numerous political activi-

ever since his boyhood. He is a law- Edward Bailey of Patchogue, a recog- ties necessitate his frequent absence yer by profession. His early profes- nized Tammany ally. Notice was served from his office and home, he devotes a

sional career is interesting. He was on the Suffolk County resident that his great portion of his time to the prac-

the trial lawyers for the Brook- one of seat was to be contested by the anti- ! tice of his profession and enjoys a

lyn Rapid Transit Company and it was It thought that Tammany faction. was j^^gg ^„j lucrative practice. He is a j

here that he learned those qualities the position of former Senator Bailey student and is known as an om- j j^gg^

which fitted him for the leadership of was impregnable, but despite the over- niverous re ader. At the election this

men. As a boy he was employed in whelming odds Mr. Keith became the fall he will play an important part and

the office of former Lieutenant Gov- candidate and when the votes in the at this early time he is holding confer-

ernor Sheehan, with whom he became convention were canvassed the Nassau ences with the end that there shall be very intimate. Upon his attaining the County leader was declared the winner, j^^^^^^y ;„ the Democratic party. He

age of 21 he attempted to seize the Ever since that time he has been the ^^^-^^^ j^ Hempstead Village on Fulton j

party machinery and was but barely recognized leader on Long Island of I g^^^^^ ^-^^i his family in a large, old-

defeated. It was during this campaign the anti-Tammany faction. He is a fashioned mansion, where he may be

that he secured the title of "boy great personal friend of Congressman seen evenings with his beloved books.

orator," a name that has been applied Lathrop Brown and it was through the

to him ever since. After several at- activities of Mr. Keith that the Con- Eagle Library—SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND 51

GEORGE H. FURMAN

was elected District Attorney of George H. Furman of Pat- i in 1905, taking chogue, a prominent lawyer of Suffolk County January 1, 1906. In the Suffolk County Bar, is a man office on re-elected by a large whose name will figure in the 1908 he was and served until Janu- political history of the county as majority 1912. passing time will make that his- ary 1, District Attorney, Mr. tory valuable. Not only as a As a record for the lawyer of prominence, but as a Furman made of convictions, but public servant of various offices, large number also gained popularity among will Mr. Furman be known. he people of the county for his Born in Brooklyn, the son of the as a prosecutor, always Joel N. and Sarah Homan Fur- fairness working in the ends of Justice, man, he has a claim to member- views in mind. He had always but scorning the opportunity to ship in one of the oldest of Long had a leaning toward the law, build a personal reputation at Island families. Furman street, and that fall he entered law the sacrifice of the guiltless. On in Brooklyn, is named after his school at Columbia University, the other hand, however, he was branch of the Furman family. New York City. Four years a relentless and uncompromising He is a member of the Sons of later, in June, 1893, he gradu- antagonist of the real criminal. the Revolution, his forefathers ated with honors, and com- In the fall of 1912 Mr. Fur- having taken part in the strife menced the practice of law. He man was the Republican candi- for liberty in 1776. was admitted to the Bar in May, date for County Judge. The Like many other self-made 1893, shortly before his gradua- Progressive split in the party men, Mr. Furman's early life tion. defeated him, but he polled a was given up to school teaching. Mr. Furman took up his prac- flattering vote, considering the Following his academic educa- tice in Suffolk County, where he odds against him, running far tion, he engaged as a teacher, had been successful as a teacher, and was principal of several and where he had many friends. ahead of the rest of his ticket. years ago Mr. Furman schools on Long Island, his last He soon built up a large prac- Six married Margaret Conklin, being at Brookhaven near his tice, among his clients being of Mr. and Mrs. Smith present home. As a pedagogue some of the most prominent peo- daughter Conklin of Patchogue. Mr. his success can be best measured ple of Suffolk. He gained an W. and Mrs. Furman have one son, by the fact that during his last enviable reputation, not only for named after his father. year at Brookhaven, he was of- his broad and thorough knowl- is a member of the Masonic fered the principalship of River- edge of the law, but also for his He fraternities. He is also head High School, one of the ability as a pleader and a cross- and other of the Patchogue Vol- largest and best paying schools examiner. a member Department in which on Long Island. After holding several minor unteer Fire But Mr. Furman had other honorary offices, Mr. Furman he takes a great interest. 52 Eagle Library—SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND

DANIEL J. HEGEMAN

Mr. Daniel J. Hegeman, treasurer of Savings Bank and takes an active in- oldest son, George D., resides on the

Nassau County, is now serving the terest in all affairs pertaining to Nassau farm, and his daughter is at home with

of his second term, and is County, as well as the Village of parents, his son re fourth year Sea | her and younger a man big enough to handle a big job Cliff, where he resides. Mr. Hegeman sides at Hempstead Harbor, Port Wash-

successfully. Mr. Hegeman is a rep- is a native Long Islander, having re- ington. Nassau County is a busy one

resentative man of the county, and for sided in the county all his life, and the 'and Mr. Hegeman, as its treasurer, is eighteen years has been assessor of the Hegeman farm, owned by his consin, very busily engaged looking out after

Township of Oyster Bay. Besides hold- has been in the family since 1717. Mr. its finances. Many wealthy families ing many important positions in the Hegeman's own farm has been recent- have here very beautiful estates, and be

large financial institutions of Nassau ly sold to Cox & Willetts, who are it said to the credit of Nassau County

County, he is a director of the Glen going to develop it into a high-class officials its affairs are governed by

Cove Bank, a trustee of the Roslyn residential property. Mr. Hegeman's ! men of ability. '

Eagle Library—SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND 53

JAMES F. RICHARDSON

The career of James P. Richardson, course. In 1909 he was re-elected by ] ever given any the present highly efficient County the biggest majority candidate in that town. In 1911 he Clerk of Suffolk County, has not been was elected again. During his in- of that meteoric sort that goes up cumbency he brought new ideas of like a rocket and comes to naught business detail into the clerk's office,

' just as speedily. Rather, it has been making it a model for public con- of a steady, solid growth—a growth venience. gained by strict honesty, square deal- Having made such a success of the

ing with all, and a close application : Town Clerk's office, he was induced

to business. ! to accept a nomination as County Mr. Richardson was left an orphan Clerk in 1912. Again, of course, he and homeless at the age of 12 years, was elected. He made a phenomenal but, having been born with the "stuff run. His business ability and un- in him" that makes men of value to blemished public and private reputa- the community, no matter under what tion had preceded him all over the trying conditions they are placed, he big county, and voters were pleased was not unduly cast down by what, to j to record themselves under his banner. others, might have seemed an insur- j This is one of the most important niountable barrier. Inheriting his offices in the county. It needs a man parents' integrity and good business is now in a started in as a newsdealer. Soon he of capacity; such a man mind, and imbued with the knowledge courteous, way also obtained a position as newsboy very business-like, yet that to succeed his probity should be Be- Railroad train run- attending to its intricate details. reproach, on a Long Island above he started out to ing public spirited to a large degree, Island City to Pat- make his own way. Working with ning from Long he has spent large sums of his private such an ambition, it is not surprising chogue. Here he was enabled to dis- purse in modernizing the indexing that within a few years he should play his talents and ability. Here system relating to court proceedings have reached a high round on the lad- He proved that a smiling face, a and other matters. This is indeed a der of influence and affluence, that courteous manner and magnetic per- vast improvement for public benefit. ladder of I'eal success. sonality, coupled with careful detail Other new ideas for the betterment to business and strict honesty, are the Born at Bay Shore, L. I., on June of the office have also been intro- stepping stones to success. For six- 3, 1871, a son of Thomas and Eliza duced by him. teen years James F. Richardson Richardson, he moved with his parents Mr. Richardson married Bertha E., in worked on that train. He was hailed short | a time to Brooklyn, where he daughter of Joshua Stevenson, of attended as "Jimmy" then, and though digni- Public School No. 6 for a Brooklyn. They have one daughter. fied and a man of affluence now. he few brief years. At the age of 12 it Miss Marguerite, now in college. As was necessary for him to work. is not yet above being hailed as "Jim- to go a fraternity man he is also well my" to this day, which, to the mind His first employment was in a real known and esteemed. He has asso- of his friends, marks the finer char- estate office, where the remuneration ciated himself with Meridan Lodge, small, acter of the man. was yet out of which he man- F. and A. M., Islip; Awixa Lodge, aged to pay his way and save a little During his years on the train nat- I. O. 0. F., Islip; Suffolk Council, urally he met thousands of men. He besides. He was likewise determined Royal Arcanum, Bay Shore; Islip treated them so squarely and did to obtain more book knowledge, so, in- Council, Jr. O. U. A. M., Islip; Court stead of fooling away his time nights, _*'!,!* Easrislip,"FrofA!rSuffolk Encamp l!n''"!!! l^^.'^^l!.- ''t'?!'!':''"^ ' all becameJ! fast friends. Many of he "plugged away" at night school, ^^^^^ ^^^ Shore, and the Freeport taking principally bookkeeping and these were his own neighbors, and up Elks. He has been honored as Dis- their friendship proved later to be a other business subjects. trict Deputy Grand Master of his Odd great business asset. Completing his course, he sought Fellows' district, serving with un- and obtained employment with Fred- Naturally a man of his character usual capacity. his friend erick Loeser & Co., Brooklyn, as a and ability, and a man of He is a self-made man in the best bookkeeper. There, as in other subse- ships, was sought by politicians. Hav- ggnse of that term. His career shows quent positions, he made good in a ing previously identified himself with what can be accomplished by any poor way that was a credit to himself and the Democratic party, he was first boy who starts with a determination brought pleasing acknowledgment chosen as an assistant to the tax col- to be honest and industrious, and who from his employers. Still he was lector, then he was appointed on the sets his eyes on the goal of success hardly satisfied with his lot. It seemed Election Board, and given various to be reached only through good progressive positions. His party leaders Naturally his friends are too confining for his other | means. wanted to do something pleaded and coaxed for him to accept legion, and naturally they are proud nature. He j Clerk of Islip. citizen and as a through his own initiative—he wanted a nomination for Town i of him, both as a Being "all business" he declined many public official, and it will be strange a business of his own. j

in i further rewarded Imbued with a broadening-out policy such overtures. Finally, 1907, he indeed if he is not

to run. He was elected, of I in public way. he went to Islip, L. I., in 1889, and consented 54 Eagle Library—SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND

THOMAS P. BRENNAN

Thomas P. Brennan, one of Pat- lican victories, and Mr. Brennan, with chogue's foremost citizens, has had a the rest of his ticket, was naturally varied and interesting career. Mr. defeated. As a candidate he won a Brennan is agent of the Patchogue reputation as a campaigner and public Terminal of the Long Island Railroad speaker. His eloquent addresses won Company, which position he has held for him the popular title of the "silver- for the past fifteen years. tongued orator," and he is still in de- From coal miner, telegraph operator, mand as a public speaker, both for newspaper man, politician, real estate his party and at social gatherings and man and railroad man, Mr. Brennan dinners. has grasped his opportunities until he He is reputed—and does not deny has risen to several places of promi- the mild impeachment—to have a quick nence as a holder of public office, both temper, and that other quality of men in his native State of Pennsylvania of Celtic blood—a ready forgiveness. and in the State of his adoption. New I In addition to his other literary York. j qualities, Mr. Brennan occasionally writing, and engaged in newspaper Born at Tamaqua, Pa., in 1S60, he "drops into verse." His spirited poem, work for local and city papers. was educated in public schools and by "The Superannuated Life Saver," won Being prominently identified with private tutors. Of Irish parentage, he such spontaneous welcome, in its mer- the literary and debating societies of was an ambitious lad, and, like most ciless arraignment the Hazleton, Audenried and Wilkes-Barre, of powers at of the boys of his neighborhood, found Washington, that a request was sent Pa., Mr. Brennan was recognized as a fascination in the hazardous calling to him to have thousands one of the gifted speakers and ready of copies of the coal miner. He ran away from debaters of those communities. Mean- printed, at the expense of the Life school to enter the dark mouths of the Saving Service at Washington, and while, he devoted his spare hours to coal mines and take his place among the copies were sent to every member study for ten years under some of the men of the little mining commu- of Congress. They were alleged to the best private tutors of tne State. nity. His first occupation in life was have done more to arouse Congress Coming to New York City, Mr. Bren- that of coal miner. He rose rapidly to grant pensions to the life nan was for a time on the reportorial savers with the company with which he was than any other single i.ir. staff of several of the New York factor. connected, but soon realized the fact dailies. Brennan is a great favorite with tue that he must look higher and. with that life savers and is usually In 1SS9 he came to Long Island and a guest at purpose, studied telegraphy and later their annual dinner. first located at Lynbrook and later at taught his brothers the boys becom- On January 1, 1910, Mr. — Hempstead. He was in the railroad Brennan ing a "family of telegraphers." became financial clerk of the He and steamboat business, and as a side Senate afterward taught a number of young of the State of New York, serving issue ran a news syndicate to the New four men, but refused to accept a dollar years until tor York daily papers. At the same time January 1, last. In that his services. office he made the acquaintance he was the publisher and editor of a of When a young man, Mr. politicians Brennan local weekly, the South Shore Advo- and prominent men througa- became interested in politics, and on cate. out the State and developed a host of becoming of age he was elected Town friends. He has also always been active in Clerk of the township of Kline, in the Unassuming in real estate investments and holds con- manner, Mr. Brennan County of Schuylkill, Pa. is, nevertheless, always alert, siderable property in different parts of and his Such was the efficiency of his ad- opinion is frequently sought Long Island. j on mat- ministration in his first public office ters of moment In 1900 Mr. Brennan came to Pat- by friends and neigh- that the following election found bors. Mr. chogue as terminal agent for the Long Brennan re-elected town clerk He claims of the Island Railroad. An efficient, pleasant to have "few of the township of Kline. virtues and many of man, he has made many friends in that the faults" of his At the expiration fellowmen, of that term he capacity, and has a wide acquaintance and thinks "that is the was nominated for justice of the average of fairly peace among the travelers and residents a representative citi- by the Democratic party and indorsed generally of Long Island. zen." by the Republican party, and elected Mr. Brennan is, primarily, Mr. Brennan has been interested in a railroad for five years. He was the youngest man and is popular with his local and State politics, and is re- fellow justice of the peace ever elected railroad men, both in garded as an active and potent factor employers and em- Kline township. ployees. in the Democratic organization on He is a widower, with four During his political activities children two married, Mr. Long Island. He has twice been a — T. David Bren- Brennan was not idle in other respects. nan of Sayville and Mrs. William Reil candidate for member of the State As- of Rockville Centre. His By his own efforts he secured a busi- younger chil- sembly from the First District of Suf- ness education dren—R. Gerard Brennan and K. Bea- while engaged at the folk County, on the Democratic ticket, trice Brennan—live with their father work of telegraphy. He had ability for but both years were sweeping Repub- at his home on Baker street. Eagle Library—SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND 55

CHARLES J. ODELL

been similarly treated by the voters, so Many real gentlemen and men of for sixteen years he has been con- capacity in public and private business scientiously transacting the town's affairs have been graduated from the business in that direction. From 1893 school of hard knocks, a school that is to 1913 he was president of the board. bound to broaden the mind and which From 1881 up to the time he was first makes more optimists than pessimists. elected the bay had been leased to With this preamble let us introduce was elected on a of Suffolk private parties. He Charles J. Odell, the Sheriff free bay ticket, and as soon as he took County. his seat the bay became a free bay to There are many people, yes, several the oystermen. His accurate knowl- thousand, in Suffolk County and else- edge of conditions and his conscienti- where who agree that Suffolk and not ous work in treating bay subjects has the man himself is the gainer because been of incalcuable benefit to the town he consented to listen to the leaders of and the baymen. the Republican party and accept the His great executive ability is best job of Sheriff. These same people will seen in the management of the jail, likewise say that the brief introductory he being elected Sheriff in 1913. He herewith fits Sheriff Odell to a nicety. understands human nature thoroughly. For Sheriff of Suffolk nowadays it He believes there is some good in the needs a real man, a humane man, yet going to sea. For three years or more worst of us, and is proving it by the one with grit; a man of executive abil- sailed up and down the Atlantic he prisoners themselves who are placed on ity, a man of uprightness, and a man coast in coasters, which in those days I their honor in the big building, and be- ability. To treat the public of business anything but comfortable. Dur- were j cause of considerate treatment they treat the prisoners right, right and to year of this hard life he ing the last | have not broken faith with him yet. as well as to attend to the intricate was wrecked off Cape Hatteras. To I He allows no abuse of prisoners or pro- civil duties and privileges of the office precise, it was on August 18. The be in handling them, yet in | fane language must have those qualifications, i a man one for many i gale was a memorable courteous way of his 1 that dignified, who didn't think "Charlie" and those not then at sea, for the tornado was I they are made to understand that rules possessed them before he was 1 Odell felt along the coast and did great dam- 1 must be obeyed. His is a business ad- of it now. ] elected are sure age. The subject of this sketch was in of the correct sort, tem- knocked around the ; ministration Literally he has the rigging with other members of the with justice. has even par- I pered world considerably. He crew for fourteen Hours on a stretch. During 1893-4-5 he was assistant ticipated in a real shipwreck, one in rescued by i Eventually all hands were job financial clerk of the Assembly, a in the face. j which death stared him lifesavers. in all of in which he made good, as time he got a bump, instead for seven years he Yet every Following this undertak- his other public and private his nature against men and menhaden fishing I of souring was engaged in the prominent ings. For years he was a the world in general it had the oppo- business, shipping on the Commodore i volunteer fireman and headed the big his smile and of which site effect— it expanded and the J. W. Hawkins, both Patchogue department as chief. He is his bump of geniality; it increased his boats were singularly enough lost dur- fra- also well known in the Masonic determination to hew to the straight ing the Spanish-American war while ternity. and narrow path that leads to the suc- engaged in filibustering. In January, 1885, Sheriff Odell mar- cess attainable through right living and Then he entered into the commercial ried Miss Harriet Dayton of Patchogue, the square treatment of your neighbor. life of Patchogue by establishing a daughter of Samuel and Phebe Day- Charles Odell was born in Harlem grocery store, which he conducted for a J. Miss ton. They have three children— December 14, 1862, the son of George twenty-two years. He disposed of his Bernice, now teaching school at White H. Odell, sr., and Hannah Jennings interests just after being elected Miss Hazel, now teaching at Odell of Patchogue. When a little Sheriff. In 1890 he was asked to ac- Plains; Oceanside, and Miss Arminda, a stu- shaver his parents moved to Patchogue, cept a nomination as town trustee of the Riverhead High School. moving back again to New York after a Brookhaven. He was beaten by one dent at to personal probity, he is as short residence in Suffolk County. He vote, and that was his own ballot. As as a rock; as to geniality, he attended school in Fordham and Kings- Frank Tuthill had been on the board stanch radiates sunshine. Hence it is small bridge, and later for a little while at and his public work was liked by Mr. he is considered a citizen Patchogue. At the age of 14 years he Odell, so he voted for him instead of wonder that the best sort and that every new returned to Patchogue alone, and im- for himself. In 1891 he ran again and of acquaintance is a firm friend. mediately started his life's career by was elected. Three times since he has 56 Eagle Library—SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG INLAND

BENJAMIN GRAHAM (BARTLETT'S)

For over a quarter of a cen- favorably with any metropolitan Elk, of pleasing personality and i

1 tury, en Main street, Patchogue, hotel. This new innovation will a man mentally fitted to cater to

has stood the best known cafe on make the new Bartlett's the only i the public. Bartlett's in the past,

Long Island. Bob Bartlett, European hotel on Long Island as we feel sure it will in the fu- known to every one touring the outside the city of Brooklyn. ture, has entertained every

Island, passed away last fall, While Bob Bartlett during his prominent man going through leaving Bartlett's without his life was a genial soul, well and the Island, as the slogan always genial presence. favorably known to everybody is, Chauffeur, when you reach

Mr. Benjamin T. Graham has for many years, it is such a hard Patchogue, be sure to pull up at just taken over the business proposition for Bartlett's. Success to you, from I a new man to Mr.

]

the estate and is very busily en- ' step in and take his place. But Graham, and in the thriving vil-

gaged renovating in Mr. the Ben will I lage of will entire | Graham you find Patchogue vou meet

' a premises from top to bottom, and man equipped in every way to I and make very many good

i i is filling a long-felt 1 fill your wants to never, want by fur- your complete i friends, and we trust, re-

satisfaction. nishing in the most modern and Mr. Graham is a i gret leaving Flatbush to make

beautiful ; manner fifteen rooms, hotel man of experience, an i this attractive place your home,

that when finished will compare I Eagle Library—SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND 57

C. MILTON ROGERS

of money the oeople Perhaps no man in Suffolk So it was not surprising when the amount past experience County is better known than C. the seafarer, at the age of 35, gave were paying. His construction told him just • Milton Rogers of Say ville, who is up the mariner's life and settled in of road accommodate chairman of the Suffolk County his native village, that he soon be- what was needed to along the main Democratic Committee and also came a factor in the political life the heavy traffic South Shoie. Mr. chairman of the Suffolk County of the town. That was over twenty highway of the of citizens Board of Supervisors. Mr. Rogers years ago. Mr. Rogers engaged in Rogers led a delegation and waited on has had a varied and interesting the ice business, and the present who went to Albany the matter, who career that ranks him among the large Hygeia ice plant at Sayville Governor Sulzer in the Highway De- foremost of Long Island's self- bearing the firm name of C. M. took it up with with the result that the made men. Rogers & Son is evidence of his partment, contract was canceled, Born in Sayville, and always ability as a business man. The undesirable the further result that the making it his home, the best Rogers plant is one of the most up and with being constructed at tribute that can be paid to him is to date on Long Island, equipped road is now expense just as the people that he is most popular in the with every modern device for man- State will be one of the thriving village of his birth, where ufacturing the best and cleanest ice want it done. It best highways in the State_ when he is best known. that it is possible to make. experts estimated Mr. Rogers comes from an old Although often solicited to en- completed, and road first proposed would Long Island family. His father ter the field of office holding, Mr. that the year. was Thomas Halsey Rogers, a sea- Rogers for many years avoided any not last a years ago the popularity of man. The sturdy son, who spent activity in politics except that Two the Board of Super- many of his boyhood days fishing which he could render to his party Mr. Rogers in shown by the fact that at Fire Island Inlet, or cruising on as a private citizen. In 1900, how- visors was elected chairman of the the bay or going on a voyage with ever, when Julius Hauser of Say- he was which office he still holds. his father, naturally leaned toward ville, who was then Commissioner board, is a fair and dignified presiding the seafarer's life. After his edu- of Highways of Islip Township, be- He giving everybody an equal cation had been completed in the came New York State Treasurer, officer, regardless of party or faction. public schools, he went to sea. Mr. Rogers was prevailed upon to voice, Rogers has also been chair- The art of navigation came natu- accept an appointment as Commis- Mr. of the Suffolk County Demo- rally to the boy of Great South sioner of Highways to fill the un- man Committee for two years. A Bay, and at the age of 16 young expired term of Mr. Hauser. cratic pleasing address and cour- Rogers had charge of a small coast- Always interested in good roads, man of teous manner, Mr. Rogers makes ing vessel. He loved the life of the Mr. Rogers made an excellent Com- friends easily. He has a faculty of sailor. He followed it until he was missloner, and served until 1904. keeping the ones made. Tact and 35 years of age, and with a great In 1905, Mr. Rogers was elected diplomacy are among his chief deal of success. Supervisor of Islip Town, and he and he has made There was only one thing that has held that office ever since. characteristics, able head for the County Com- Navigator Rogers liked better than During his term of office he has an mittee. the sea. That was politics. There been identified with every move- During the term of his office was only one thing that he liked ment that has tended to public wel- Mr. Rogers has been interested in better than politics. That was the fare in the Town of Islip and in all real reform movements. He Democratic party. And let it be the County of Suffolk. He has been an advocate of adopting said for Mr. Rogers, that since he been particularly keen in fighting has some means of straightening out has come into power in the Demo- the battles of his town, and through the present method of handling cratic party, he has done his best his efforts, in a great measure, the county tax matters. He Is a strong to keep it free from politics in the town has received some of its best advocate of an inland waterway interest of the community which it State and town roads. constructed along the South Shore has been his privilege to serve. An instance of Mr. Rogers' fight State and National expense. He Ever since he was old enough to for good roads was shown two at believes in assessment reform for vote, the young follower of the sea years ago, when the Bayshore- the various towns. took a deep interest In the political Patchogue State highway was Mr. Rogers Is a member of the discussions and problems that con- started under State construction Masonic Order, of the Odd_ Fellows fronted the State and Nation from with specifications that were in- and Royal Arcanum. He. is also a time to time. On voyages he had ferior and objectionable to the peo- member of the Sayville Fire De- plenty of time to read, and he read ple living along the line of the partment, and Is an enthusiast in the sort of literature that was in- road. Mr. Rogers was one of the all firemanlc matters. structive, and, when he came ashore, first to stake a stand in fighting the married he was by no means "rusty" on the construction of the road, although At the age of 23 he was Alice A. Smith, who was political and economic problems it was being done under Democratic to Miss Henry Smith of of the day. He surprised the old- rule. the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Rogers time politicians with his store of In a strong letter which he wrote Smithtown. Clarence M. Rogers, information, and the force of his to the then Governor Sulzer, Mr. have one son, business arguments, which were always ad- Rogers pointed out wherein the who is in the automobile Sayville, and also connected with vanced in behalf of Democratic specifications were inadequate, and In the Ice business. principles. were not what they should be for his father In 58 Eagle Library—SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND

LEONARD RUOFF

Through the efforts of Leonard Ruoff, For a number of years past it has Clerk of the County of Queens, a bill been the custom in the office to take from two or three months before a for the purpose of establishing a block recorded paper is returned to the party index of conveyances, mortgages, etc., recording it. All this has been done in his office, has been placed upon the away with, and papers recorded on one Statute Books. day are in the hands of the copyists This bill passed both Houses of the before two o'clock on the following day, so that a paper is now returned to Legislature, was approved by the its owner in about ten days. This in- has been signed by the Mayor and cludes comparing, checking. Indexing, for the estab- Governor. It provides copying, etc., and is the shortest period lishing in the office of an index under of time that has been known in cases every block of all transfers, mortgages, of this kind in the County of Queens incumbrances, etc., against the real since the establishing of the Greater City. estate in that county, and is similar Of great advantage and convenience section indexes In the to the block and to the members of the bar who have counties of Kings and New York, but business dealings at the Court House it goes even further than that and at Long Island City has been the es- provides for indexing against the lot tablishing of a branch office of the County Clerk's Office in the Court also. It is considered an improvement House. In this office almost any busi- system now in use in both New on the ness of the County Clerk's Office can York and Kings counties. It is an be transacted, with the exception of improvement very much needed in filing and recording papers wherein Queens County, and through the action the hour and minute are essential. Of course, it is impossible to have two now of Mr. Ruoff, the County Clerk, offices in the one county, as where it it can be installed in the office at the is necessary in the recording to have relieve a congested present time and the hour and minute on it this could condition of indexing now In the office. be done in only the one place. Lawyers This is only one of the many im- throughout the county and other coun- provements that Mr. Ruoff has in con- ties have found the branch office a tem of deeds there is the record num- great convenience, and Mr. Ruoff had templation, and during his term of ber, and a separate deed number, and a bill introduced in the Legislature, office has made many improve- he in that of mortgages the same system, which bill was passed and has become ments in the matter of public records. in addition to that of the serial number a law, permitting the installing of a His activity iu forcing the matter of under the mortgage tax. All the re- duplicate County Seal at that office. contracts for the reconstruction of the ports on these papers are made in Where the law was heretofore silent carbon, and every delivery made by on a matter of this kind while the building is too well known to require clerks from one to another is receipted Court House was located at such a any mention here. for, so that by a simple examination distance from the County Clerk's Office Among the many changes made in of the reports the location of a paper the act introduced by Mr. Ruoff has the office, one which has been a is made. Every I'aper received for been made general, and it is not only a great advantage is that of having a record or file receives a number, so benefit to Queens County, but also to the each it is separate index of judgments for each that at end of month other counties in the State similarly but a small matter of addition of but situated. letter of the alphabet, while heretofore a few minutes to determine just how His attitude since he has assumed the judgment dockets were divided many papers of any particular kind his duties as County Clerk has been into three parts, one containing the are received tor that month. Singu- one of public spiritedness, acting in judgments indexed against the names larly active in his endeavors to make the interests of the public, and in an office fireproof possible, from A to G, another from H to P, and the as as he endeavor to make the office of the has purchased nothing but steel furni- Clerk of Queens County as efficient as a third from Q to Z. This permitted ture, cabinets, desks, tables, etc., and is possible. only three books in the office which has endeavored, as far as lies within A very important addition made to could be used by the office at any one his power, to place the public records the office by Mr. Ruoff is that of the time, whereas now the indexes are so in as safe and secure receptacles as bookbindery. In former years it was divided that it takes but a few minutes has been within his power so to do. the custom to give out the binding of Owing to the uncertainty as to the re- private contractors, for for the examination of a judgment books to and contruction of the building, he has this purpose the city appropriated record under the one letter. The en- been unable to procure any appropria- from $2,000 to $7,000. Mr. Ruoff has larging of the system of Indexing no- tion of sufficient size and to meet the succeeded in having the position of tices of pendency of action, where one needs of his office in this respect there bookbinder established in his office, index was used in the office, now three is considerable uncertainty as to just and by an appropriation allowed by the indexes are made. One of the most what will be furnished with the new Board of Estimate has established the building, and for that reason the Board bookbinding plant, at a cost of less desirable improvements was that of of Estimate and Apportionment has than $1,000. separating the tickler indexes of deeds not seen fit to make an allowance for In examining records in the Coun- and mortgages. Heretofore all papers this steel furniture. The purchases ty Clerk's office and seeking the liber recorded were indexed In one set of which he has made were from funds it has been found that the libers are ticklers, whereas now they are divided that were allowed him in the regular very often in use, and in order to as- course of business for office furniture, certain just who is using the liber it so that the deeds, leases and agree- and while he has had to make sacri- was necessary to turn it over to see ments are Indexed in one set of tick- fices in some instances, still the ad- the number or nature of the record. lers and mortgages and assignments vantages to be gained by the purchas- This has all been dispensed with, as indexed in another set. ing of steel furniture will be two-fold. the County Clerk has had little leather The system of numbering and check- 'Ine purchases have been made with tags or titles put on the margin of the an eye to the distant future, and are cover of the book, so that no matter ing all papers recorded and filed Is not for the present time only. Steel which way the book is placed a search- such that it Is almost an Impossibility furniture is the most serviceable and er can see at a glance the number or for a paper to go astray. the On sys- is fireproof and the most sanitary. nature of It. Eagle Library—SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND 59

GEORGE H. KENNAHAN OF THE LONG ISLAND FARMER

A daily newspaper, published large force of men and is strict- in Jamaica by Mr. John C. ly a union shop in every sense

Kennahan and his son, Mr. of the word. The Long Island j

George H. Kennahan, repre- i Farmer also publishes the sents to what heights a small North Hempstead Record and beginning can grow. The Long the Oyster Bay Pilot. Mr.

Island Farmer presents the ap- George H. Kennahan is busi- pearance of a metropolitan ness manager of the Long Is- daily, has a large circulation land Farmer, proprietor of and is the representative paper the North Hempstead Record, of the town. Mr. John C. which is the Democratic paper

of Kennahan was for many years press, three linotj'pe machines. Nassau County. He is prom-

the staff of The E^gle, hav- i^ent in politics, a member of on each and every machine in the | ing entire charge of the Long individual ^ong standing of Typographical plant run by motors. I Union No. known the Island Department, in those The plant has its own bindery 1 6, world

entire Island. over as "Big Six"; a native days covering the and is equipped to turn out any I

Connected with the Long Island job from a business card to a Long Islander, being connected j

Farmer is a modern printing 2,000-page book. This plant is on his mother's side with the plant, comprising three large the largest printing establish- Webb and Giffing families, cylinder presses, three jobbing ment outside of Kings County both of whom date back to the presses and a Colt Armory on Long Island, employing a early settlers of Long Island. 60 Eagle Library—SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND

E. POST TOOKER

No young man on Long Island Kappa Sigma fraternity, Lehigh j rapid rise to has enjoyed a more i Club and the Kappa Sigma Club success in his chosen profession of New York. Leaving college, he than E. Post looker of Port Jef- started out in earnest to carve his ferson, head of the architectural name. The letters have been well and landscape engineering firm of cut and deeply set. He b'icame Tooker, Marsh & Barnett, of 101 the landscape engineer for the Park avenue, Manhattan, and Port Dean Alvord Co. at Belle Terre an.1 Jefferson, but it is a success that elsewhere; from 1908 to 1913 was has been won in the correct way landscape engineer for Charles W.

and is therefore permanent. Leavitt, Jr., and during 1913 he A good old Long Island trait is organized the firm of which he is for one's neighbors to lay aside at the head. Though young in jealousy and be proud of the suc- years, the firm has already per- cess of a native son, when that, formed a vast amount of work success is obtained through honest with its skilled staff of assistants endeavor and doing business in aj Here's a partial list: Five resi- the most modern and elaborate way that stamps one as a good I dences and landscape work at Al- citizen in every way; therefore it [public cow barn and dairy building bertson, L. I.; estate of Felix W. is quite natural that in Port Jef-|in the state, to be erected at the Warburg, Hartsdale, N. Y.; estate ferson the residents boast that Mr. Suffolk Almshouse farm at Yap- of Francis E. Osborne, Derby, I Tooker "belongs to us." They say hank, he had won the contract to Conn.; landscape engineer to the build the most modern high school it with real pride, and mean it. National Fair and Exposition As- building in the is in There is probably no class of county. This sociation; fifty residences in N'^w his native village of work that an architect is called Port Jefferson. ark for Andrew Radel: estate A. E.

is The superintendent of schools says upon to do that subject to as | Atkinson, Allendale, N. J.; estate much criticism as public work. In it is the nearest to the ideal school John G. Quinby, Brewster. N. Y.; this line the architect deals with building he ever saw.- Shortly estate John K. Branch, Pawling, after this he again entered the many minds. At first he works N. Y.; estate Dwight J. Baum, through committees, generally of arena and secured the job of de- Fieldstone, N. Y.; landscape layout several members. Naturally there signing the $50,000 addition to the for Indiana Hospital, Indiana, Pa. county clerk's office at Riverhead all in are "many minds." Later, v/hen [ — addition to the public work the building begins to g.row, the'— three big public jobs in a small in this county mentioned above. public in general seer A.c full re-'.^°^^^y i" 'ess than two months, Thus will it be seen that much and all secured from a large class suit of the work, and again comes i of Mr. Tooker's time has been the "many minds" to be satisfied. of competitors. His friends may taken up with public work—a work When one can fully satisfy all of well be proud of his success. that bears inspection and approval Mr. Tooker was born at the committee members and get Port | after the severest of all tests. the contract, and later can hear the Jefferson, November 7, 1886, the| One of his mottoes has been to son of Wallace H. and Endora public express themselves as satis- | first have the work right and then

fied with the final result, is Frances Davis Tooker. In 1903 he all of those performing the then j make graduated from the Port Jefferson one entitled to be stamped a de- j services under him do their parts signer of the first order. Briefly High School. Little did he think exactly right. This is evident from

let it be said that Mr. Tooker has then that he would within a few his bearing and his past perform- worked chiefly on large public years be called upon to design a ances, and is one of the chief key- buildings and has won open ad- new building to take the place of notes of success. Personally of a miration for originality, careful- the old one where he spent his likable disposition and a genial, ness and accuracy —his work has happy school days; but for once whole-souled manner, and a deter- been of more than a pleasing sort. this is the justness of fate. mination to win success by deserv- At present he may be referred After leaving his home town ing it — these are characteristics to as the "designer for Suffolk school, he entered Lehigh Univer- that indicate a still more brilliant County." A week after winning sity, graduating in the class of future for this prominent young the contract to pnivide plans fori 1907. He is a member of the son of Port Jefferson. 1

Eagle Library—SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND 61

ROBERT S. PELLETREAU

Robert S. Pelletreau, one of is often heard at campaign meet- the most prominent lawyers in ings, and is much in demand as Suffolk County, Long Island, a lecturer and speaker at festive comes from a family whose functions. names are linked with the his- Coming from an old Long Is- tory of Long Island. land family, Mr. Pelletreau is a Mr. Pelletreau, the son of member of the Sons of the Revo- Jesse Woodhull Pelletreau, was lution. He is a life inember in born at East Moriches October the Huguenot Society of New 1, 1867. Following his prelim- York and is also a life member inary education, he entered Yale of the American Bible Society. University from which he grad- He is a member of the New York uated in 1890. In 1892 he was State Bar Association. He was admitted to the Bar of New for several years vice president York State, and the same year of the Suffolk County Bar Asso- he began practice in Patchogue, ciation, until he was elected where he has followed his pro- president of that body on -Janu- fession ever since. ary 1, 1914, in which capacity he During his twenty-two years is still serving. He belongs to of practice Mr. Pelletreau has the Blue Lodge and Royal Arch built up a reputation that is the Masons. envy of many of his less success- 1895 to Mary Rogers of Bridge- Mr. Pelletreau is a trustee of ful contemporaries. As a realty hampton, daughter of Hiram S. the Union Savings Bank of lawyer, he is, perhaps, the best Rogers. Patchogue, a director of the Citi- known. He is a trustee and ex- Although an orator of ability zens National Bank of the same ecutor of many estates, a director who has lent his voice to the in- place, a director of the Nassau- in many banks and institutions, terests of the Republican party, Suffolk Bond and Mortgage and a member of a number of in which he is a firm believer, Guarantee Company, Mineola, societies. Mr. Pelletreau has, however, and a trustee and director in Mr. Pelletreau was married in never sought political office. He many other institutions.

WILLIAM J. McVAY

Mr. William J. McVay, who began in this department and surveyed every his term as postmaster of Far Rock- State road on Long Island. away on April 1, was born in the York- Mr. McVay was at one time proprie- ville section of Manhattan on April 19, tor and editor of the "Wave," a local 1861. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Pat- newspaper of Rockaway Beach. He rick McX'ay. wisely enabled him to also at ] was one time a member of the of a public secure the advantages i reportorial staff of a Manhattan news- school education. Upon graduating I paper. from the public school he entered St. Mr. McVay has always been active Nautical School. When he had Mary's ^< politically and has always been a con- completed his course in this school he sistent Democrat. It is ; agreed that Congressman Dennis O'Leary, in act- was one of a crew of eight young men i selected by the captain of the school to ing on the indorsement of the Queens "^f/ County Democratic Committee and man the bark "Iron Age." The bark J^' bringing about his appointment as post- was wrecked on the coast of Java. master, acted in accordance with the Mr. McVay followed the sea for some wishes of the greater part of the peo- time. He made seven trips on the mail ple of the Rockaway section. j steamer Colon to the Isthmus of Pan- Mr. McVay is married and has six ama, serving as quartermaster. He sons. His wife was Miss Matilda Broadhurst. His sons are John C, then took a post-graduate course in the Joseph, George, William, Theodore and nautical school, serving as an instruc- Francis. His home is at 16 Kane ave- first tor and earning a mate's certi- 1 nue, Rockaway Beach. Several prominent organizations of ficate. ! the Rockaway section claim Postmaster He came to Rockaway Beach twenty- McVay as a member. He is an Elk, a promi- seven years ago and has been Forester, an Eagle and a Knight of nent in the social and business life of =i^r=' Columbus. He is a member of the the section. For the greater part of WILLIAM J. M?VAy Holy Name Society of St. Rose of Lima this time he was in the employ of the Church, of the Cardinal Players, the foremost dramatic organization of his State or the County. For eight years the State Highway Department. Dur- section, of the Rekawaha Democratic he was foreman and general foreman ing the six years immediately preced- Club and of the Queens County Demo- on the Queens Bureau of Highways ing his appointment as postmaster he cratic Committee, Volunteer Firemen's and for seven years was connected with acted as an insoector of construction Organization, State of New York. 62 Eagle Library—SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND WOODHULL RAYNOR

Woodhull Raynor, the only un- him in business. He has an up-

dertaker in the progressive vil- to-date undertaking establish- lage of Sajrville, is a widely ment with monumental works known man in his locality, not connected.

only through his business, but as In 1889 he was appointed post-

a prominent fireman and citizen. master of Sayville under Presi- He has been for many years the dent Benjamin Harrison. He chief of the Sayville Volunteer made an efficient and popular Fire Department, and is enthu- postmaster. siastic in his support of any Mr. Raynor was married in measure that tends to benefit 1878 to Ella Bella Woodhull of the volunteer firemen. Sayville, daughter of the late Mr. Raynor was born in Say- Charles A. Woodhull and Anna ville on October 9, 1854. He was Greene Woodhull. Mr. and Mrs. the son of the late Charles L. Raynor have six children. Raynor, who was a member of For several years Mr. Raynor an old Sayville family. Educated has been chief of the Sayville in public schools, Mr. Raynor, as Fire Department. He was re- a young man engaged in busi- elected at the annual election this ness with his father, who was in year and now stands at the head

the produce business. Later he eral years. He entered the un- of the local fire fighters. He is became interested in lumber, dertaking business with his fa- a member of the Royal Arcanum following that business for sev- ther years ago, and succeeded and the Odd Fellows.

JOHN T. DARE

John T. Dare, postmaster of the a Republican. He served in that posi-

thriving village of Patchogue, is prob- tion until 1908, when he was appointed

ably the most efficient postmaster the postmaster. He was reappointed by [

village has ever had, and as a result, President Taft in 1912 solely upon his I

I his record at Washington won for him ! merits of efficiency and without po-

a reappointment regardless of other litical expires ! backing. His term in party indorsements in 1912. 1916.

Mr. Dare is a native Long Islander, Mr. Dare is a charter member of the born at Stony Brook, May 5, 1870, the Union Hook and Ladder Company, was son of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph R. Dare of a substitute member of the famous old j that place. ("Honey Bee" Company, and a member

He came to Patchogue in 1881, where of the Exempt Firemen's Association. he entered the Patchogue High School, He is an enthusiastic vamp. He is a of which he is a graduate. Following member of South Side Lodge No. 493, his education he entered the law of- F. & A. M., and also belongs to the Odd fice of Arlington H. Carman and took He served for six years as secretary Fellows, Woodmen, Junior Mechanics up the study of law, which he intended i of the Patchogue Board of Education, and other fraternities.

to be his life profession. He later en- 1 He married and has held other positions of honor I was October, 1899, to

i tered the office of the late Justice of and trust. Lucille Gillette Roe, daughter of Mr. | the Supreme Court Wilmot M. Smith, In 1896 Mr. Dare was appointed as- and Mrs. Thomas R. Roe of Patchogue. where he remained until his health sistant postmaster of Patchogue under 1 Mr. and Mrs. Dare have two children. broke down, and he had to retire from the postmaster, Charles E. Rose, who George Roe Dare, 14, and Norma Lu- the confining office. was a Democrat, although Mr. Dare is cille Dare, 6 years of age, Eagle Library—SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND 63

HORACE GREELEY KNAPP, A. I. A., Architect

A Few Press Clippings From the Maaufaeturer and Builder. Mr. Horace Greeley Knapp Is an archi- Concerning tect of superior ability. Horace Greeley Knapp From the Buffalo Courier. Architect Mr. H. G. Knapp. one of our brightest and best architects, has successfully New York City solved the problem of a perfect portable building system. From the N. Y. Joarnallst. Horace Greeley Knapp, architect, laid From the »w York Pres.s. tlie foundation of his rapid and continu- Mr. Horace Greeley Knapp is the ous success in thorough training and genius who has given us such gems of practical experience. He was a master architecture, and whose creations are so builder at 18, a member of the American in harmony with the surroundings of na- Institute of Architects scarcely when 21, ture. The marvel is how Mr. Knapp com- and soon thereafter originated the scien- bines the elegance and workmanship of tific system of building construction a costly structure in buildings of very which now bears his name and is popular moderate cost. in all parts of the world.

From the N. Y. Seientlfic Times. From the Jeirish Messenger. Mr. Horace Greeley Knapp is an archi- HORACE GREELEY KNAPP, tect of rare originality and skill, whose beautiful buildings dot the landscape in Architect. almost every State in the Union, stamp- The distinguishing characteristics and ing their author as one of the master established rules of practice of this able minds of that noble profession. and talented architect have met with From the Toledo Chronicle. widespread appreciation during the past From the AVyoming < Illinois) Herald. Some of the most beautiful buildings eighteen years, and conspicuously illus- The handsomest buildings in Northern we have seen were designed by Mr. Hor- trate the value of a thorough, practical, Illinois were designed by Mr. Horace united with ar- ace Greeley Knapp. He is an architect and theoretical training Greeley Knapp. They may be called faithful devotion to of very superior ability, and we do not tistic feeling and a truly the Knapp style, and are a good Buildings believe his work can be surpassed. both patrons and profession. study for those interested in architecture. erected from Mr. Knapp's designs have invariably sustained a valuation far in From the

STEPHEN P. PETin

Petitt, Sheriff of Nassau expanse of lawn. jail, over his office. He is well and favor- Stephen I The

to the residents of the holding this important of- i which Sheriff Petitt presides, is a ably known County, j

I

fice and fulfilling its many arduous ; model prison in every sense of the 1 county, who find, in having busi-

larger communities office, their duties to the satisfaction of all. I word, and one ness with the sheriff's j

Nassau County Courthouse and jail 'could well pattern after. Sheriff i matters are handled with dispatch

are buildings any county might ! Petitt has to his credit of perform- and in an intelligent manner by

[

well be proud of. The courthouse, i ing his many duties (some of the Sheriff and all his efficient staff

presenting a beautiful appearance, which are necessarily bound to be under him.

I

is situated in the midst of a wide I unpleasant) in a manner befitting —

64 Eagle Library—SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND

CHARLES H. REDFIELD

"A man who can make such a success cuted the big contract at Suffolk's new jail it of his private life and private business ; has the big contract for the new school ought to malie a good public official," at Port Jefferson. These two alone said the electorate of Southampton town- are sufficient to illustrate the size ship in the spring of 1913, so they prompt- of the business. ly chose Charles H. Redfield of West- Practically ever since he first went to hampton Beach to head their town gov- Westhampton Beach he has been one of ernment and represent them on the the prominent men there, taking an ac- Board of Supervisors. Taking a back- tive part in every good work that seeks ward glance now and carefully mentally as its end the advancement of the vil- itemizing his very business-like admin- lage. For years he was a member of istration and noting his square, open and the Board of Education, is now a fire- above-board way of doing things, they man, is interested in the development are inclined to congratulate themselves of real estate, and. generally speaking, on their wisdom. is a part and parcel of the civic as well In discussing Mr. Redfield we have as the political and governmental ma- another case of Brooklyn and eastern chinery of the town. Fraternally, he is Long Island swapping good men—Suf- prominent in the Masonic orders, belong- folk County born men go to the City of ing to Riverhead Lodge, Suwasset Chap-

ter, Patchogue ; was a charter Churches and make good ; Brooklyn's member sons come to Suffolk County and do like- of Patchogue Commandery, and belongs wise. Mr. Redfield was born in Brooklyn. to Kismet Temple. He is also a raembei April 16. 1870. the son of Edwin H. and of the Mechanics and the Oddfellows. Carrie Cullum Redfield of Sag Harbor, He married Lena Heidingsfelder of citizens of whom Sag Harbor had Just Manhattan. They have no children. cause to be proud, because of many ex- As a member of the Supervisors he not cellent traits of citizenship. Charles H. only looks carefully after the interests moved to Sag Harbor when 9 years old. of his town constituents, but of the There he spent his boyhood, attending whole county. He is a member of the school under that well-known instructor, most important committee-a—Repair .-^nd Supplie.=! the Rev. John J. Harrison, whose mem- and Roads—and is extremely ory is re^•ered by many Suffolk County that he wanted a business of his own, valuable in both. As to classification, he "boys." Subsequently. Mr. Redfield en- so he learned the plumbing business and is a Democrat, but with him politics tered the employ of the Fahys Company entered into partnership with William S. come last when the public's business is and learned the engraver's trade, work- Grimshaw, establishing a business at being considered. He has a pleasin? t^er- ing as an expert in that profession for Westhampton Beach. By strict applica- sonality that converts an acquaintance several years, filling positions in Phila- tion to business and square dealing with into a friend, and this knack, coupled delphia. Trenton and elsewhere, as well the public, the business prospered from with his business ability, makes a man as in Sag Harbor. the start. It is now one of the biggest to whom, it is reasonable to except, the Seventeen years ago it occurred to him and best known in the county. It exe- public will give fiiither hon.irs.

JAMES EARLY

rn selecting clerks for the large and charitable without self consciousness. prosperous town of Southampton, there Seven years "on the road" in commer- has been an unbroken record of suc- cial lines made him a close student of cesses for over 250 years. Not the human nature, and being quick in in- least of these successes came when tellect he was able to turn his knowl- James A. Early of Sag Harbor was edge to good account when the occa- chosen in that capacity in the spring sion demanded. Naturally, a man with of 1913. Southampton is peopled by these attainments and one living the a steady-going, conservative class, who good life he had lived, is popular where look before they leap, who consider best known, so when he was nomi- well character and fitness before nated for Town Clerk in a big Republi- they elect, and who naturally, because can town to defeat C. Arthur Payne it of their pure Americanism, believe in was confidently believed by his friends "by their work ye shall know them." that he could accomplish the trick, and And that's how they know Mr. Early he did. Since taking charge of the of- and that's why they believe in him fice he has accomplished many reforms because they had closely followed his for the benefit of the town, and the career from boyhood and believed he people generally are glad they put him would serve the town well. He has. there. instance of Mr. Early was born in the good old and being honored by carefully critical Another remarkable pub- lie honor came a few days after his town of Sag Harbor on August 11, neighbors. j selection Clerk 1881, a son of Thomas and Bridget Mr. Early's schooling was received as Town when the

I Supervisors, representing ten towns, Early, citizens held in high regard for in the Sag Harbor Parochial School from a large class of aspi- their sterling qualities, and who and in that broader school of mingling picked him

! for important of reared their family in that careful way closely with the public, absorbing and rants the job Clerk of Supervisors. This position is that impresses on them the necessity exchanging ideas by keeping eyes and the not only a most important one, but the of a strict adherence to moral virtues ears open. Reaching his majority, he [ is arduous and intricate, yet Mr. if one would reach the most success- affiliated himself with the Democratic work is his duties j performing in ful goals in life. Starting out with that party and did much good work for that Early a so capable to the that he ! way Board equipment, it is not surprising that we political cause. His temperament is find the subject of this sketch holding genial to the last degree without being has just been re-elected for another

important positions in early manhood burdensome; he is broadminded and : term. Eagle Library—SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND 65

CAMPBELL & DEMPSEY

A history of Suffolk County would be the most modern jail in America to- buildings and churches and schools, I be far from complete without reference day. It is a beautiful building inside and big private residences, as well as to the work of Campbell & Dempsey in and out. Since its completion hun- business blocks jails. I and Speaking of erecting public buildings. Although dreds of prominent people, of jails, it 1 many is pertinent here to add that not to the "manner born" these men are them officials from distant [ places, have the handsome jail at Monticello, Sulli- almost as well known personally visited and closely inspected the plant, van I County, and the one at Poughkeep- throughout the county as some of the and nothing but of ! words praise have sie were both recently erected by the native sons; and in passing it can be been heard, particularly as to the ex- Campbell & Dempsey firm.

said that they are thoroughly known I cellence of the construction. Grand Returning to their part in the history by reputation, and a mighty good repu- juries have placed an official O- K. of Suffolk it is interesting to note that j tation at that. upon it, and publicly while is j have commended this being written they are The headquarters of the firm is in the I builders for giving so much value erecting the county's most modern Kingston. There they are rated as ' for the money. school house—the Port Jefferson High among the best contractors — wood, These contractors think nothing of School—which is to cost nearly SlOO,- steel, concrete, brick or stone—in that taking hold of a $250,000 contract. 000, and they are also erecting the city. There their reputation is of long Their reputation is such that the usual large addition to the Suffolk County standing, and it has well stood the test bonds are quickly supplied them. Their Clerk's office, to cost about 850,000. of time and critics. It has been the intimate knowledge of every branch of In these two latter jobs the work so far fortune good of many private concerns 1 building construction work is of prime done is spoken of as comparing very to employ them in structural work that importance to those who engage them, favorably with the completed jail I at

required accuracy, skill and a con- I for there is the assurance that these Riverhead. And when these are com- scientious application to duty. men carefully look after every detail. pleted the Campbell & Dempsey firm I This firm first came into prominence The firm is constantly employed on will need no further recommendations in Suffolk County about three years big jobs. Often they have several jobs to Suffolk County people as builders it to ago when secured a contract build j under way at the same time, while the of skill and conscience. the county "quarter-million palace jail" contractors themselves travel back and Both j members of the firm are per- forth at Riverhead. Although the county seat i between them constantly, giving sonally popular wherever known, and

contains many excellent and modern i instructions to their equally capable make friends by the score—friendships

buildings, there are none that com- I foremen. They are called to all parts cemented by a jovial nature and a well pares with the jail. It is declared by of the State to execute work of an ex- grounded impression of strict honesty competent critics to be the last word in acting nature. They have built bank and square dealing.

j

prison construction; it is declared to f

S. F. ROBINSON

Samuel F. Robinson, Supervisor nomic interests of the ta.xpayers,

of the Town of Brookhaven, is a yet he ever had an open ear and

member of a historic Long Island open heart to the appeal of the

family. Mr. Robinson is promi- real needy.

nent as a business man, and in The spring of 1913 found Mr.

public office he has shown himself Robinson a candidate for super-

to be in favor of business admin- visor on the Democratic ticket, and

istration of the people's affairs. he was elected. During his term

Mr. Robinson was born in East of office he has manifested an in-

Patchogue in 1870. He is a son terest in the economic and efficient

of the late Terry Robinson, and administration of the people's

up to his death a few years ago business, and directly as a result

was associated with him in busi- of his work several needed reforms

ness. Mr. Robinson and his father have been made. He was a leader

were the first of Long Islanders they have one adopted daughter. in the fight against paying out the

to engage in the artificial manu- Mr. Robinson's entrance into town's money for poorly construct-

facture of ice, and in that business politics was in 1911, when he was ed state roads, and the result has

the firm has been most successful. elected overseer of the poor of been that some indictments and

In 1893 Mr. Robinson married Ada Brookhaven Town. He served in convictions have been found, and

Tuttle of Wading River. They that office efficiently, and while he the people of Brookhaven vindi- have no children of their own, but was always mindful of the eco- cated.

5 66 Eagle Library—SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND

DR. FREDERICK CHARLES MERRIH

Dr. Frederick Charles Mer- Long Island seeking restoration ] ritt, for twenty-two years a for his broken health. He served practicing physician and sur- for a time as a surgeon at the geon, whose residence and office Kings Park State Hospital, and is now at Sayville, is well known later he came to Sayville, where among Long Island's prominent he started the building of his physicians. He has a large prac- present large praltice. tice extending from Blue Point ' Dr. Merritt was married in to Islip. 1 1906 to Evelyn Woods of Brook- Dr. Merritt was born in lyn, daughter of John A. Woods, Waterford, Ontario, Canada, on corporation counsel of the West- July 4, 1868, the son of Dr. inghouse Electric Company. Joseph A. Merritt and Sarah They have no children.

Mariah Dolson Merritt. Fol- Dr. Merritt is a Mason and an lowing in his father's footsteps, Odd Fellow. He is also medical he had a liking for the medical special leaning toward the sur- examiner of the Royal Arcanum. profession, and following his gical science of his profession. He is a member of the Suffolk preparatory education at the He graduated from Trinity County Medical Society, the As- Collegiate Institute, Toronto, he with honors in 1892, and at once sociated Physicians of Long Is- entered the University of Trinity entered the General Hospital in land, the New York State Med- College, Toronto, where he took Toronto, where he served as in- ical Society, the American Med- up the study of medicine. He terne for one year. ical Association and the Cana- was a keen student and had a In 1893 Dr. Merritt came to dian Club of New York.

HIRAM R. SMITH

Hiram R. Smith, Supervisor of position owing to the stress of public known to the residents of Nassau

Hempstead Town, is a resident of Free- business, but the directors insisted County. This position has occupied port, where he has lived all his life. upon his retaining an interest in the a great portion of his time, but not-

He was elected to the Board of Super- institution and he was urged to become withstanding his numerous activities visors on the 15th of March, 1913, as chairman of the board of directors, he has devoted himself unselfishly to the candidate of the Republican party, which position he reluctantly consented the interests of the Nassau Hospital. despite the fact that the Progressives to take. He has large real estate hold- Two years ago when a financial cam- also had a candidate. He was instru- ings on the south side of Hempstead paign was being made for that insti- mental, to a great degree, in securing Town, and is one of the leading men tution he gave up weeks of his time. the preferential primaries, and the first of affairs in that section of Nassau Since his incumbency of the office of held in New York State were the pri- County. Prior to his incumbency of supervisor he has made a study of road maries in Hempstead Town at which the office of supervisor he was keenly conditions. Hempstead is the largest he was nominated for the office of interested in educational matters, and and richest town in New York State, supervisor. He has always taken a for fourteen years was a member of and the upkeep of the roads is the vital keen interest in governmental affairs, the Freeport Board of Education. The question. Although not familiar with and is considered one of the leaders of latter part of his term of service he road building, Supervisor Smith has thought in Nassau County. In private was chairman of the board. In ad- made an earnest study of the condi- life he is a banker, and until a few dition to his service in the cause of tions and when his term of office will weeks ago was the president of a well- education, he is well known as a philan- be completed the Town of Hempstead known financial institution of Rock- thropist. As vice president of the Nas- will have a thoroughly modern system ville Centre. He retired from this sau Hospital Association he is well of roads. Eagle Library—SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND 67

LE ROY J. WEED

LeRoy of is J. Weed Garden City an 1913. and although defeated ran far the residents of the county. What has up-State man, but to his use own ex- ahead of his ticket. Last fall at the brought him particularly to the atten-

pression, "A Long Islander by choice." earnest solicitation of his friends he tion of the taxpayers of the county was

He was born in Schenectady and was became the candidate of his narty for his attempt to remove the administra-

graduated from Union College. After the Assembly and was subsequently tion of water district from the realm of

the completion of his college course indorsed by the Democratic party. Al- politics. The water systems of the

he engaged in the school book business though his opponent was Controller county are supported by the taxpayers,

and is very well known to the school John Lyon, one of the most popular and he will have the undivided support

men not only of Nassau County but and strongest men in Nassau County, of the property owners of the county.

throughout the State. His political as- he was elected by a handsome plural- Mr. Weed has made great sacrifices to

pirations have been with a view of ity. His career in the Assembly has serve the people of the county, and his

securing better educational facilities, been an eventful one. Representing as constant devotion to the duties of the

and in this he has had the support of he does the Democratic and Progres- office has necessitated his absence the school of the county. men In fact, sive parties with greatly divergent in- from his business. He is doubtful

it was at their solicitation that he be- terests, so tactful has he been that he about becoming a candidate for the of-

came a candidate for the Assembly, will no doubt receive a renomination fice again, but a non-partisan organi-

when the Progressive party was organ- from the Democratic party. He has zation has been formed with the

ized he was one of the original organ- been the author of many very striking avowed purpose of securing his re-

izers and has been a consistent member articles of legislation, and his cham- election. He may be prevailed upon

of the party ever since. He was a can- pionship of a county commission for to again become the candidate. He re-

didate for the office of assessor on the the revision of the government of sides in a pretty home in Garden City

ticket in the spring of County Progressive 1 Nassau has endeared him to with his wife and children.

HARRY B. HOWELL

It is an acknowledged fact that bank- ing Jn.stitutions have played an import- ant part in the development of Suffolk County. They go hand in hand with its prosperity. Speaking of banks, one that naturally comes first to mind, be- cause of its size and standing, is the Suffolk County National of Riverhead, and in thinking of this bank the name of Harry B. Howell, its efficient cashier, is immediately linked with it. because of his prominence in the banking world of the county. Mr. Howell is a native son of River- head, and the village is proud of it. He is one of the country boys who has stayed at home and made good in many different ways, and in making good personally he has also been ma- terially responsible for the wonderful growth of the bank with which he is connected. He has been associated with the bank almost from the time it opened its doors in 1S92. first as assistant cashier and for several years as cashier. Though bearing the title of assistant, he was virtually the "head and tail" of the bank in those early days. The institution pros- pered mightily from the very beginning. Even many of the directors will say that its commanding position now is most largely due to Mr. Howell's pleasing per- sonality and business capabilities. In fact the bank has prospered so greatly under his management that it has paid 15 per cent, annually to the lucky stock- holders. Mr. Howell is a son of Benjamin F. Howell, also a prominent man here, and who at one time was a well-known resi- '

68 Eagle Library—SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND

now holds as justice of the peace and to LEMUEL B. GREEN which he was elected five years ago. His pres- ent term expires on December 31 of this year. Justice of the Peace L. B. Green of Pat- He ran fifty votes ahead of his ticket In his own election district. chogue, one of Long Island's prominent men, Judge Green was married in ISSO, on No- was born at Belmar, N. J., on January 26, vember 24. to Minnie Bunce of Northport. 1S56. He was the son of the late Samuel M. They have two sons, Arthur P. Green and and Deborah Green of Brooklyn. Alden "W. Green, both of whom are associated with their father in the newspaper business. At the age of 4 years he went with his Judge Green has been an officer In the New parents to Montpelier, Surry County, Va.. York State Press Association. New York State where his parents had a plantation. His Democratic Association, and is president of the Suffolk County Press Association. He is father was mortally wounded in the Battle of a member of the Masonic order and for sixteen Gettysburg. years was secretary of South Side Lodge No. In 1S6S he came North and located at Hemp- 493, P. & A. M., and secretary of Suwassett stead, L. I. He entered newspaper work as a Chapter No. 195, Royal Arch Masons, for fif- compositor in the spring of 1S76. and later teen years. He is a charter member of Pat- became associate editor of the Suffolk County chogue Commandery No. 65. Knights Templar, Journal, then published at Northport. In Sep- and is a member of Kismet Temple, A. A. O. tember, 1SS4, he established the Patchogue N. M. S. of Brooklyn. He has served as Argus, live a weekly paper, of which he is district deputy grand master of the Odd Fel- still owner and editor. lows of the First District, and in that office Judge Green took a keen interest in politics formed the Second District of Suffolk County. as a young man. always leaning toward the He belongs to other fraternities. He is a principles of the Democratic party. Although member of Engine Hose Company of Patchogue, he has always loyally supported his party in and has been its treasurer for twenty-one his newspaper, he has never permitted it to be years. He is enthusiastic in his support of a party organ where public welfare was in anything that tends to promote the interests of jeopardy. He has never sought political office the volunteer fire fighters. He is also a His only public office is the one which he member of the executive committee of the New York State Waterways Association.

^W.e„_^t_h^_Su«o:.^-^^w.iv count,.v^v^uiii,j( kjiiciinaii . . as a skilled engineer, has a large pri- Commissioners learned, in 1904, S.en«s.,^^LLACEthrough I vate practice. He has held many im- a legislative act, that H. HALSEY it was necessary portant positions in his profession. For- to employ a skilled engineer to make merly he was connected with Peter maps of the vast waters of Gardiner's Elbert Nostrand, the present county su- and Peconic bays and their tributaries for the perintendent of roads. He is chief en- purpose of plotting the val- gineer for the Devon Estates at uable oyster Amagan- grounds and the natural sett. For a time he was one of the shell beds of those bays, they selected leading engineers in the construction of Wallace H. Halsey of Bridgehampton to the joint sewer in New Jersey. Still do the work. It was soon found that I again he was a specLul engineer for their selection was a wise one, indeed. For two the Conservation Commission. These are years he worked under the di- but a few of the important posts he has rection of Erastus F. Post, then he was held, but which speak well of his fit- made the official county engineer of shell ness in the engineering Iworld. Otto fisheries, a position that he still holds W. Van Tuyl is one of his chief assist- with credit to himself and the county ants, the two making a team that lead He has charge of 40,000 acres of oyster profession. Mr. Halsey also lands in their and 35.000 acres of natural land.s maintains an office at Greenport as well The work necessary to prepare the maps was as Bridgehampton. intricate and arduous, yet he ac- He was born at Bridgehampton, July complished it with an ease that betokens 4, ISSl, the son of C. E. and Isabel his skill and the charts and maps fur- Halsey, and was educated princi- nished Haines the county are models of ac- the Bridgehampton Academy. In curacy, pally at prepared in such a wav as to January, 1911, he married Elizabeth be readily understood by even a "layman. Barnes of Amagansett. He has a wide The service he performed for the county I acquaintance, is personally popular, and has been valuable indeed. is regarded as a citizen of the highest In addition to this I work, Mr. Halsey ' type.

ROBERT E. BISHOP

Town Clerk of the town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, is now serving his sec-

ond term, first taking office April 15, 1911. Mr. Bishop is a native of Long Island and

one of Patchogue's progressive business men, being the proprietor of large bottling

works. Mr. Bishop has to his credit the fact that both times he has run for office of

running far ahead of his ticket.

ELKANAH S. ROBINSON Elkanah S. Robinson, postmaster of free life on Great South Bay, he be- On May 24, 1912, Mr. Robinson was Centre Moriches, comes from an old came a bayman as a young man. He appointed postmaster of the village of Long Island family, and Mr. Robin- acquired a knowledge of conservation Centre Moriches, and his term will ex- son's name is a familiar one on the and supply that made him a popular pire in 1916. pages of the public records of Brook- candidate for a member of the Town Mr. Robinson married Sarah M. haven Town. He has held several im- Board of Trustees, whose duty it is to Baker of East Moriches in 1874. They portant public offices and is widely regulate town property and public have five children, all living. Mr. known throughout the town. waters, and he was elected to that body Robinson is a member of the Odd Mr. Robinson was born in Centre in 1892. He served as a member for Fellows. He has been an elder in the Moriches in 1851. He is the son of six years, his final term expiring in Presbyterian Church for forty years, Hiram Robinson, now enjoying good 1898. having been ordained at the age of 22. health at the age of 91. His mother In 1898 Mr. Robinson was elected He is associated in various lines of is dead. Mr. Robinson was educated Highway Commissioner of the Town village improvement work and served in public schools at Centre Moriches. of Brookhaven. He served in that office as President of the Village Improve- Having a love for the charms of the until 1904, being elected three terms. ment Board for one term. Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 69

Be a Lifter Not a Leaner!

Spend some hours each week getting capital

in your head where nobody can steal it from you. Read good books like The Brooklyn Daily Eagle

Almanac and all The Eagle Libraries as they ap- pear each month. Get a good insight into everything worth

knowing at a cost of only $1.50 a year for a year's subscription to all the libraries, including the high-class and very instructive Eagle Almanac.

Be a lifter, not a leaner. People will soon see that you have a good head on your shoulders and they will seek your opinion about different happenings; your family will look to you for the good, sensible advice you will be able to give, and your neighbors, your employer and acquaintances

will all respect you. Try a year's subscription to The Eagle Libraries.

•^J^

I 70 tagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

PATCHOGUE GARAGE COMPANY

is situated at North Ocean avenue and Oak street, a few feet north of Main street.

They are the selling agents for the Cadillac, Case and Ford cars, which can be delivered

immediately. Mr. J. A. Udall, jr., is president and treasurer. Mr. S. L. Tuthill, man-

ager. The business is conducted in the most modern style and the garage is equipped

with every improvement. They carry a full line of supplies. Expert mechanics are

employed on repair work. Ample room for storage in the garage, which is fireproof.

Up-to-date cars can be rented with competent chauffeurs, at moderate rates. Here the

automobilist touring the Island will find perfect service and satisfaction. Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 71

THE CLARENCE M. ROGERS COMPANY

At Sayville, Long Island, is located the new automobile garage of the Clarence M.

Rogers Company, erected about a year and a half ago. It is on the Merrick road, that great highway of automobilists touring Long Island. The garage is equipped with all the modern and latest improvements, and has constantly in attendance expert mechan- icians. The Rogers Company are the agents of the famous Ford cars, carrying in stock always from 12 to 20, thus insuring instant delivery, and report they are delivering a car a day. This is undoubtedly the best equipped garage on Long Island, and is the only one you meet on the Merrick road after leaving Sayville, until you reach Patchogue.

The new State road now being built will pass directly in front of their door. Auto- mobilists using the Parkway, and upon reaching Ronkonkoma and following Lakeland avenue, will lead them directly into the Merrick road at Sayville, from which they can continue their journey the entire length to the South Shore. 72 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

CENTRAL HOTEL PATCHOGUE

The Central Hotel location on Main Street, directly opposite the Postoffice, has

been established over 40 years and is the best known hosteliy to commercial men on

Long Island. Here all the boys put up. The present proprietor, Mr. Fred C. Thurber,

has been the host for the past eleven years, and is one good, genial fellow, making you

feel at home from the time you register until you settle. The Central Hotel entertains

many automobile parties touring the Island and one is insured a good meal at prices

that you do not have to sell the car to pay for the dinner checks, as is the case with

many road resorts. The rooms are large and airy, well screened and comfortable. The

Great South Bay is only a rriile away, easily reached by permanent guests by stage or

trolley, running every few minutes. Mr. Thurber is an enthusiastic yatchsman and has

the reputation of being the most skilled sailor of ice boats in the country, his scooter,

"The Eagle," holding the championship of the Great South Bay. Mr. Thurber is

Commodore of the Scooter Club, and the coming winter will see him competing with the cracks of the Shrewsbury. Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 73

Farmhouse for rent, on Huntington Bay—$5 00 season. FOR SALE A farm of 106 acres, near Greenlawn Station; views of the Sound and Ocean, at $350 an acre.

Farm of 1 12 acres near Huntington Station; fine, level, fertile fields, with excellent building site. Price $350 an acre. Five-acre farm at West Hills. All kinds of fruit. Price moderate. Fifteen room house, located on Huntington Bay, with two acres of

land ; bathing and dock privileges. Price $ 1 8,500. Rent ^900. For sale on Huntington Harbor, a boathouse lot, with 50-foot shore front. For sale, beautiful building plots, located on high ground, in Hunting- ton village. Oyster Bay Cove—Fine farms of 65 acres each, high elevation; lake on property. RICHARD M. CONKLIN AGENCY

Box 375, Huntington, L. I.

TIMOTHY F. SCUDDER SIGN PAINTER

Auto and Carriage Painting NEW YORK AVENUE

Opposite L. I. Express Office

HUNTINGTON, L. I. 74 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

Telephone, 358-IVI Huntington P. 0. Box 129, HunHngton, N. Y. J. H. HEMINGWAY

~~^ Oils ^ — Gasoline

I

Steam Vulcanizing and Garage

AUTOMOBILE SUPPLIES

NEW YORK AVE., HUNTINGTON, L. I. CYLINDERS CLEANED BY THE NEW OXYGEN CARBON PROCESS

TELEPHONE 138

J. B. F. THOMSON Plumbing AND Heating

Main Street Huntington, N. Y. Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 75

J. D. MARTENS WHITESTONE, LONG ISLAND Telephone, Flushing 777-M

Groceries, Paints, Hardware, Etc., Etc.

J. D. Martens is one of the most progressive men of Whitestone. In all matters pertaining to the welfare of Whitestone the name of Martens has always been prominent.

In the establishment of J. D. Martens can be found a most complete line of Groceries,

Paints, Hardware, etc. Here, under one roof, you can find all the necessities of a home, from the time you build your foundation until its occupancy, while the Grocery Department is fully equipped and well stocked to minister to your needs.

The business, originally founded by Mr. Martens' father in 1865, was successfully carried on until his death in 1882, at which time Mr. Martens then conducted the business for his mother until 1 906, when he assumed control.

All interested in planting can find a most complete line of Seeds and Garden tools at Martens'. J. D. MARTENS, EIGHTH AVENUE AND EIGHTEENTH STREET

WHITESTONE, L. I.

TELEPHONE 166

Freeport Artificial Stone Company

TRANSPARENT AND GRANITE CRYSTALS PASTE WATERPROOFING MARBLE DUST LALLY FIREPROOF PORTLAND CEMENT COLUMNS WHITE CEMENT

METAL WALL PLUGS ETC., ETC. CONCRETE BLOCKS Made by High Pressure Hydraulic Press

CORNER LONG BEACH AVENUE AND LONG ISLAND RAILROAD

(Adjoining Standpipe) FREEPORT, NEW YORK 76 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

FAR ROCKAWAY GARAG

FAR ROCKAWAY GARAGE-MOTT & SMITH, Proprietors

Cars Stored and Cared for by the Week or Season. First Class Cars to Hire—Expert Mechanics in Attendance

Agents for Hudson and E-M-F Cars—Automobile Supplies and Tires 338-360 Central Avenue Far Rockaway, New York

Garage Telephone 148 Far Rockaway

Knapp Portable-Permanent Building System

NEW YORK, N. Y., U. S. A. TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS CABLE: "KNAPPORTA" DESIGNERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF

Portable-Permanent Portable-Permanent

COTTAGES & VILLAS Portable-Permanent Buildings OFFICE BUILDINGS STORES, STABLES HOTELS, SCHOOLS IN WOOD, STEEL, STUCCO AND OTHER MATERIALS CHURCHES, THEATERS FACTORIES, WAREHOUSES BOATHOUSES & PAVILIONS Folding Furniture and Household Accessories TUBERCULOSIS HOSPITALS BUNGALOWS, CABINS BOOTHS, PLAYHOUSES (Patents Pending in the U. S. and All Foreign Countries) AUTOMOBILE GARAGES BUILDINGS FOR EXPORT

Pronounced by Eminent Architects and Engineers "The System to Supersede All Others" "A Revolution m the Science of Construction"

"No Make of Portable Houses on the Market Today Equals Those of the Knapp System" United Stales Trade Reports. Portable Garages Dwellings and All Other Buildings KNAF»F»Eiesigned and ConstructedSYSTEIVIUnder tlie Wiit'ther of Steel. Stucco, "Wood or Other Ma- terials. Invariably Sustain an Appraised Valuation of Nearly Double Their Actual Cost We are Originators ami Pioneers in Portables antJ have devoteid over a Quarter of a Century to the development of this marvelous innova- tion in building methods, whereby we Cut the Cost at least One-third and at the same time 'nhance the Standard of Artistic and Structural I-xcellence. Whether you wish a Modest Bungalow or a Mammoth Hotel, a Garage or a Forty Story Structure, this office will Most 'Faithfully and Elficiently Serve and Safeguard Your Interests. Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 77 THE OLD OAK HOTEL

About one-half mile east of the center of Patchogue, on Main

street, one is attracted by the splendid old oak trees in the front of mine host hotel, very appropriately named The Old Oak Hotel. The genial boniface presiding over this truly rural hostelry is Mr. George A. Link, an old-time Eastern District man. Mr. Link is progressive in every way. The grounds adjoining the hotel are the meeting place of the Patchogue baseball and football teams. Here automobilists will find an excellent meal awaiting them at prices commensurate with good service. Permanent and transit guests accommodated. The latest bowling alleys are installed, and for a good time The Old Oak Hotel is the place to go. Garage on grounds, with expert mechanic in charge.

MORTGAGE LOANS NOTARY PUBLIC JOSEPH B. SWEZEY REAL ESTATE AND INSURANCE Roe's Block, Ocean Avenue

(ROOM 1)

Fau-ms and Country Seats My Specialty PATCHOGUE, N. Y.

J. M. HORTON ICE CREAM CO.

French and American Ice Cream, Bisques, Ices, Charlotte Russe, Fancy Cakes and Pastry ol AH Descriptions. Prices as Reasonable as Quality Will Allow Orders From One Quart to Any Amount Promptly Delivered

1416 Fulton St., BROOKLYN. 521 Fulton SI. Phone 3010 BEDFORD

Why Not Live in Amityville?

The Home of the Amityville Sun

Paul Bailey, Publisher 78 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 79

y///^////////////////^^^^^ LONG ISLAND'S NORTH SHORE

^///////////////////y//^^^^^

Estates, Shore Fronts, Farms and Acreage

at Very Attractive Prices.

Furnished Cottages for Rent

All Inquiries Receive Prompt and Personal Attention.

//^/v/^/tv///vy///^//x///^^^^^

Daniel M. Gerard, Huntington, l. i.

SWAN RIVER NURSERIES

As you journey from Patchogue toward Bellport you notice a sign, Swan River Nurseries, conducted by Mr. C. W. Avery. Mr. Avery comes from an historical family and the ground covering over 60 acres, occupied by the nursery, has been in the family over 150 years. The Swan River Nurseries have a large and varied assortment of beautiful ornamental and shade trees, showing many different varieties. A visit to this establishment is well worth while. Swan River Nurseries have furnished trees and plants to many of the beautiful estates of Southampton and other towns in Suf- folk County.

L. K. LUDWIG UPHOLSTERING AUTOMOBILE TOPS AND TRIMMINGS

Telephone Huntington 358-R

New York Avenue, Huntington, L. I. —

80 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

THE THIELER BIRD STORE H. G. SUTTON, Manager Dealer in All Kinds of Song Birds, Parrots, Etc., Cages and Supplies "Our Song Restorer"—the Best on the Market Also a Fine Assortment of All Goldfish, Japanese Fantails and Fring-etails, Telescopes, Shubunkins, Medaka (the New Fish), Golden Orfe, Etc. AQUARIUMS AND ALL KINDS OF SUPPLIES 33 FLATBUSH AVENUE, BROOKLYN, N. Y. Telephone Main 7798

Instead of Paying 25c. for This Book Why not subscribe to the EAGLE LIBRARY At a Cost of $1.50 a Year? Which includes The Eagle Almanac, City Charter and all the valuable Eagle publications. Address Eagle Library, Eagle Building, Brooklyn

THE DAILY nTTTT^ 17 A /^ T t? ISSUES OF 1 nlL IL/\Lji^lL THE NEWS THURSDAY Forum. The six week-day issues of The Brooklyn Eagle Home Dressmaking Department, Weekly Public represent the most complete afternoon newspaper pub- FRIDAY lished in the city. It is the only daily in Brooklyn that The Jewish Review—An article on Beauty and Hygiene world-wide service of the Associated Press. receives the —Humane Club news, letters from members, new mem- In addition, it has experienced correspondents in Wash- bers, etc. ington, Albany and in all important cities. A valuable SATURDAY daily edition are the financial pages, feature of the News of Churches, both Catholic and Protestant—The with complete tables and news of the stock market weekly real estate page— Reviews of the new books quotations and other financial news. News of women's club's—Missionary societies and T. Table kitchen notes. If you live in Brooklyn you can't afford to be un- W. C. U.— and informed about what is going on in the borough. The SUNDAY Eagle will keep you posted on all the news of Brooklyn Bright, snappy and filled with many features in its social. affairs, civic, financial, political and enlarged form—Magazine Section, freely illustrated Special Stories by special writers—Two pages of for- EACH DAY eign news and gossip. Many pages of sports, profes- scholastic. in addition to the above. The Eagle has a wide range sional, amateur and A Junior Eagle Section local of features. Here is a schedule of some of them: and the news, and general, fully covered. MONDAY EVERY DAY sermons by noted ministers of all Two full pages of The Eagle contains special features of interest to men, special religious news. denominations with women and children. For instance, here are some de- TUESDAY partments you will find EVERY DAY: Review of all the new attractions in Manhattan and PICTURE SECTION SPORTS Brooklyn playhouses. WOMEN'S DEFT. SOCIETY BETWEEN THE LINES WEDNESDAY WALKS AND TALKS PAGE OF LONG ISLAND Junor Eagle puzzle solvers' names—New puzzle club CHILDREN'S DEPT. NEWS members. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES J Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 81

Merrick Park—The Choice of Long Island It possesses attractions not offered by other subdivisions, being destined to advance in value more rapidly than any other site around New York City. Merrick Park lies in the heart of Jamaica, in the Fourth Ward of the Bor- ough of Queens, in the healthiest section of Long Island. The climate is equable, tempered by the ocean, and is an ideal all-year-round place of residence.

S .wr" •^•T'^^T'^*

, THE ^ fNICQtSMltH

Beautiful homes surround Merrick Park. Within a few minutes' walk are schools, churches, libraries, theaters, banks and up-to-date stores. If you are seeking ideal transportation, splendid home appointments, beautiful and healthful surroundings at a comparatively moderate price, you will find Merrick Park the place offering more advantages than any other in Greater New York. Purchasing lots in Merrick Park at present prices is like buying gold dollars at a liberal discount. Write, phone or call for booklet and full particulars. The Nicol-Smith Company, Telephone Greeley 430.

820 Marbridge Building, 34th St. and Broadway, New York City

S. GOTTLIEB

Mr. S. Gottlieb of 43 Ocean avenue, Patchogue, is an importer and wholesale dealer

in wines and liquors, has been established eleven years and carries in stock a full selec-

tion of goods in his line, all well-known brands being represented. Mr. Gottlieb's estab-

lishment is the largest of its kind on the eastern end of the Island. He is the special

agent appointed by S. Liebmann's Sons to nandle the famous Rheingold beer, brewed by

this well-known brewery. Rheingold beer has been indorsed by physicians everywhere

as a healthful and nourishing beverage.

"The Golden Rod" 5c and 10c and Variety Store

A thousand different things, useful in the home, shop, office, in camp and on the road. IVIACHIPSJE SHOF» ANNEX: Mechanical drawings, pattern making and machine work. Light automatic labor-saving machinery and devices designed and cons.ruc.ed. JJ^^^^.j. ^^^^^ j^ ^^^^^^ InVCntlOnS We develop mechanical ideas and give you free advice as to their probable commercial value.

EDWARD F. SHORE, Broadway, Amityville, L. I.

THE BROOKLYN DAILY EAGLE Gives All the Latest Items of Interest Every Day From All Over Long Island The Brooklyn Daily Eagle Is 73 Years Young Its Reliability Is Undisputed. A Great Home Newspaper. 82 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

Palms,Vines and Fresh Flowers Supplied and Artistically Arranged for Weddings at Reasonable Rates

FLORAL PLANTS DECORATIONS AND FOR FLOWERS ALL DELIVERED OCCASIONS ANYWHERE

Thirty=five Greenhouses HORTICULTURIST 734 Fifth Avenue Branches: Fort Hamilton Parkway, TELEPHONES 27 South—3410 Flatbush. Gravesend Av., and 291-313 24th St. PLOTS IN GREENWOOD CEMETERY IMPROVED AND CARED FOR.

II COLLECT YOUR ACCOUNTS ii OUR SYSTEM PRODUCES MAXIMUM RESULTS. Ji WE COLLECT AT A MINIMUM COST. WE COLLECT FOR EVERY ONE GIVING CREDIT. WE ARE BONDED FOR $10,000.00 TO PROTECT OUR

The Only Bonded Collection Association in the World. Write Us and a Representative Will Call.

The Allied Mercantile Protective Ass'n (Inc.) 43 CEDAR STREET, NEW YORK Phone 1745 John

&®®

] DO FOR SALE A Private Residence YOU Near Sea Beach Subway Station

This 7-room house is a beauty. No one who has ever seen it has said otherwise. Tiled bath, tiled vestibule; handsome com- KNOW bination gas and electric light fixtures; par- quet floors; steam heat and automatic hot water plant. Cement cellar, with laundry that it is easier to go to the nearby North and gas heater. Large kitchen gas range. Shore of Long Island than to the crowded Duo-tone shades in every room. Will dec- apartment house sections of the city ? orate to suit. On beautiful, quiet street. Congenial neighbors. All street improve- that the L. 1. R. R. (Penn. System) runs ments. Exceptionally fine drinking water. roads, city the finest suburban electric train service in Typhoid unknown. Macadam sidewalks. $500,000 school in course of the world? construction. All churches. that a home at MALBA provides all the joys of country life on the waterfront, yet is THE SUBWAY close to t'he heart of Manhattan? which will run from Columbus Circle down Broadway (in Manhattan), across the Man- that Malba is in the Borough of Queens, hattan Bridge, up Fourth avenue (in Brook- which at present is the most favored of the lyn), to Sixty-second street, and down to boroughs in point of rapid transit improve- Coney Island (5 cent fare), will have three stations within reach of my house. Sub- ments being constructed there now ? way now 25% completed; guaranteed to be finished April, 19 15. that the money that now purchases your rent receipts could buy you a charming TODAY'S PRICE, $5,500 country cottage at MALBA built to your — Value in 12 Months From Today order if desired? Is Conservatively Predicted at $7,500

I WILL ACCEPT Information concerning the above sug- $250 cash and allow the balance to remain gested facts is more fully given in our on mortgage. The chance of a lifetime to pEonphlet C, sent free upon request. buy a cozy 7-room home and make a good investment.SILSBY MALBA ESTATES CARE OF CORPORATION ALCO BUILDING CO. 60 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK STREET, 60 LIBERTY NEW YORK Telephone—Cortlandt 2552 84 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

HARRY G. MAYBEGK MANUFACTURER OP AWNINGS and FLAGS FLAC DECORATOR 2396 JAIVIAICA AVENUE

Telephone, 1034 Richmond Hill RICHMOND HILL, N. Y.

! Presided over by Will Graham, whom : Y£ ANCHORAGE INN hurried look around you will see everybody knows, is a different place records of the visits of many famous j than any you have ever visited. Here I men who many times have enjoyed the

originality stands out everywhere. It i hospitality of Ye Anchorage Inn. You take to describe would volumes what i are now ready to attend to the inner you see as soon as you enter, yes, i man and this is one place he is well before you enter. Motoring along the attended to. | Merrick road at Blue Point you are Space does not permit us to do this

attracted by a Sphinx on the lawn, i subject justice, but a motoring trip on Your turn in, alight from your car, and Long Island without making a stop at

[

there is Will Graham to welcome you. I Will Graham's Anchorage Inn is by

Every niche of the walls is hung with no manner of means complete, and you j When the lifflits are lou\ and all sorts I and kinds of curios. After a ffentle shadoius will remember it as long as you live.

THE FLUSHING DAILY TIMES

Published at 70 Broadway, Flushing, N. Y.

Is THE local newspaper of the Third Ward of Queens. The only newspaper which has consist-

ently and persistently worked and fought for the upbuilding of this section. The only newspaper

in the Third Ward which has an opinion, and expresses that opinion straight.

CHILDREN TEETHING

Baby Is Very Comfortable and Laughs During the Teething, Period, THANKS TO Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup Contains Neither Opium nor Morphine nor Their Derivatives PURELY VEGETABLE NOT NARCOTIC Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 85 beautiful Prenttuoob nestling among its magnificent groves of pine, fir and balsam, is the offspring of a passionate desire for social and economic equality. Its founders were a fiery band of reformers, who felt called to work out their theories of social freedom; and its history is woven full of faith and aspiration; of high ideal and noble resolve. And as it now lies peacefully basking in the sunshine, waiting and ready for its new destiny, it seems as though the shades of the fathers still walk its streets and breathe their bene- diction upon it. It was back in 1851 that the loyal band of reformers, with Josiah Warren at their head, founded on the Islip plains the village of Modern Times. Among them were Horace Greeley (whose heirs still own property here), then looming up as the forceful editor of the "Tribune"; Charles A. Dana, who had not yet founded the "Sun," but was still writing editorials for the "Tribune"; Stephen Pearl Andrews; George Ripley, the historian, and others. Most of them had taken part in the "Brook Farm" movement in Massachusetts, which Hawthorne made famous in his "Blithedale Romance." But it did not go to the bottom of the economic theories of the day, especially so far as the interchange of labor was concerned; and these choice spirits felt that in the newer environment they could work out their plans to better advantage. So a large tract of land near (the then) Thompsons Station was purchased and laid out on broad, comprehensive lines. The pioneers toiled with great energy. Blocks of four acres were laid out; and the curb and lot lines set with evergreen and deciduous trees, as well as many fruit trees. The latter owe their presence to the broad humanitarian spirit underlying the movement, even though their presence did not practically carry out its demands. One of the fathers said : "Brethren, let us plant fruit trees along our streets, so that the way- farer may not have to demean himself by begging at our doors"; and to him they all agri'eed, despite the cap- tious query of a brother of weaker faith: "What will the wayfarer do in winter?" So they dug in the rich, warm soil which the leaders had shrewdly and wisely chosen; planted their orchards and berries, their trees and shrubs, their school and village hall; and all prospered under the glow of ardor and enthusiasm. One of the cardinal principles of the movement was the interchange of labor; and, to facilitate this, scrip was issued, signed by the Village Treasurer, which was received among the members as currency. The values of a bushel of wheat, a pair of shoes, a day's labor were fixed by schedule; and scrip of appro- priate value was issued to the man or woman who had created anything tangible wherewith he or she might procure the necessaries of life. The plan worked well in theory and among themselves, or until the "outside barbarians who sold them goods demanded greenbacksin payment," as the former Treasurer (the late Charles A. Codmani quaintly expressed it; and it naturally fell of its own weight. But they had a paper-box factory, a harness shop, and raised wonderfully good fruits and berries, and developed into a prosperous community. They were all bright and brainy. The writer recalls summers spent there fifty years ago as a boy, in which wit flashed against even brighter wit, debate ran high, and the fountain of literary culture was full to over- flowing. All the old dramatists found exponents at the village hall before appreciative audiences. The glee club sang, artists painted, poets wrote, philosophers poured forth copious streams of wisdom, and a peace too idyllic for this practical world hovered over the community. It is quite untrue that free love ever had any foothold in the scheme. To the minds of its followers it was too serious a problem to admit of any lower ideals. They hoped to regenerate the world, to cut out wrong and misery, to stimulate a general and lasting brotherhood of man which should place even the weakest brother on a par with those more capable. It was a sharing of ideal and substance if needed; and, like most altruistic notions, was not appreciated by the coldly practical life in the world about it. And so it passed, gradually. A faithful few, within their intimate circle, clung to the old brotherhood idea. But the grim Reaper gradually thinned their ranks until now only four of the old guard are left with a wealth of memories to sweeten their declining years. But the village still feels the irnpress of the founders. The wide street's and ample grounds of the old part of the village, with its magnificent growths of trees planted over sixt> years ago, testify to their love of nature and the beauti- ful. The houses nestle behind bowers of shrubs and vines or tall hedges. One acre was allotted to each per- son and each was expected to show his industry thereon by his fruits. And it is still a singularly cultivated village, with the old spirit of self-help so dominant that there is not a person within its limits on the poor- funds of the town today. As a natural sequence of this history, the village is now the seat of a great institu- tion of learning as well as a large sanitarium. A strong and capable development movement has taken the newer portion of the village in hand, and along lines of perfectly good taste has made it into a graceful and dignified enlargement of the old village and in perfect harmony with it. Twinkling electric lights shine under the old trees; stores and a garage with auto delivery meet the temporal wants; three churches supply the spiintual demands, and several hotels house and feed the wayfarer. And in no derogation of the older idea is the newer one that here health of mind and body may be best served by nature's own beneficent provision. Lying "In the Heart of the Great Pine Belt" of Long Island (the largest in the State outside the Adirondacksl —the trees, the air, the soil, the pure water, give off their com- bination of healing influences to tired and sick humanity. The island itself is a great sanitarium, projecting as it does like a huge dock out into the broad Atlantic. It has its own climate, not that of the Continent from which it is detached. Swept on every side by breezes that are not only absolutely free from germ or taint, but laden with the salt breath of the sea as well as the fragrant balsam of the pine, it furnishes an ideal retreat for the tired and ovei-worked toilers of the city. And Brentwood is the Capital City in this work of healing. No other spot on the Island quite so admirably combine all these features. It is far enough from the sea so that the rawness is taken from the air, and yet near enough so that the roar of its breakers can be heard on a south breeze, and all of its attractive features be made available. If the plans of the present leaders in the village life can be carried out, a modern hotel is to be quite speedily erected that will make all these attractions available; and if the visitor who has tired of the rush and glare of city life can get into the spirit of the old days that still prevades the place, he will find rest and heal- ing for body and mind in a most peculiarly helpful way. 86 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

We desire to call your attention to the fact that we are now ready for our Summer season, and we make Summer Suits and

Dresses (from your own material) at the usual Summer prices, ranging from

SUITS, $6.50 DRESSES, $4.00 SKIRTS, $1.50 RELIANCE DRESS CO. MAKERS OF

Women's and Misses' Outer Wearing Apparel of All Description

234 LIVINGSTON ST., BROOKLYN, N. Y.

OPPOSITE ELM PLACE

" Booksellers ^totheWorld^

Any Book in the World, in any language, promptly an^ safely delivered to any point on the Globe, through BRE NTA^NO'S AILORDERSERYIC Mail, Cable, Telephone, Tele- graph, and Messenger Ser- vice given immediate and intelligent attention. BRENTANO'S Sth Av. and 87da S^ New YoA Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 87

Strang's Montauk Storage Co. and Moving Vans BOXING, PACKING AND SHIPPING TO ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD

Storage Rooms $2.00 Per Month and Upwards

AUTO VANS FOR CITY AND COUNTRY MOVING

OFFICES AND WAREHOUSES 189 TO 199 SO. PORTLAND AVE. BROOKLYN, N. Y.

Telephones 4500 & 4501 Prospect f;THE DAVIS & WEISSr^ SPECIAL Hfi MADE TO ^^^^^^^^ XO ORDER SUIT OR TOPCOAT Cannot be Duplicated $A/r Elsewhere for ^^ OPPOSITE BOROUGH HALL 361 FULTON STREET BRANCH STORES: BROADWAY at Gates Ave. 80 WALL ST., N. Y. ^ ^ 88 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

I

THE AFTERNOON FORCH IN NASSAU COUNTY

I Summer in the Suburbs

is attractive because you are in a position to see nature unfold, because it indicates the coming of summer pleasures that abound in Nassau County, the great residential section of Metropolitan New York. I WINDSOR LAND AND IMPROVEMENT CO. I offers several substantially built houses that embody all the features of city conveniences at very low prices, and choice building plots in subdivi- sions that are thoroughly improved with curbs and sidewalks, electric light, gas, telephone, etc., all within easy commuting distance. We have suc- cessful developments at Hempstead, East Rockaway, Oceanside, Floral I Park, Valley Stream, Lynbrook, Rockville Centre and Rosedale, all on Long Island in the southern half of Nassau County.

Send for a booklet. It will show you the way to own your own home. I Windsor Land and Improvement Co. D. MAUJER McLaughlin, President LONGACRE BUILDING, Entire Eleventh Floor 1476 Broadway Telephone, Bryant 146 I Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 89

Safety and Security

IN THE PURCHASE OF REAL ESTATE

WE INDORSE the campaigns for the protection of real estate investors by exposing the real estate companies selling worthless stocks and bonds, represented as being secured by real

estate.

THESE CAMPAIGNS deserve the support and co-operation of all real estate interests, and the public should appreciate the efforts in their behalf.

ESTABLISHED IN 1897, this Company owns and controls over 10,000 acres of real estate on Long Island and has developed and sold 7,000 acres. NO BONDS of any kind have ever been issued.

NO STOCK / O.L > ISCHWENCKEl fSCHWENCKE] has ever been offered for sale. NO MORTGAGES

are on any of the properties of this Company.

NO ENCUMBRANCES of any kind whatsoever on any property offered for sale, every parcel being absolutely free and clear.

NO HIGH PRICES asked for property, due to the foresight of the president of the Company in

purchasing holdings prior to the great activity in Long Island real estate.

IN HEMPSTEAD and vicinity we have concentrated our efforts to develop and sell suburban

real estate, being confident that property in this section offered the most desirable and con-

veniently located home sites.

WE ARE NOW OFFERING houses, bungalows, acreage plots, villa sites and lots at attractive prices and on easy monthly payments.

Call, Write or Phone Worth 4657 for Hempstead Booklet and References

0. L SCHWENCKE LAND & INVESTMENT CO. GENERAL OFFICES 277 Broadway, New York

Established 20 Years ! !

90 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

I Wonder If You Can Tell Me?

Yes ! We Can !

If you desire information about Travel, Resorts, Hotels, Railroad and Steam- ship Lines, Auto Tours, Walking Trips, Educational Instruction or data in regard to any kindred subjects, use the free services of The Brooklyn Daily Eagle Information Bureau

Your question will be answered cheerfully and promptly. Over 10,000 varie- ties of free literature for distribution to you or your friends. Eagle Bureau—Johnson and Washington Sts.

BROOKLYN— JAMAICA—No. 354 Fulton St, Bath Beach, Bath Ave., near Bay 19th St. MANHATTAN Bedford Ave., No. 1248, near Fulton St. Fifth Ave., No. 225, Room 321. Broadway, No. 210, near Driggs Ave. World Bldg., 21 Park Row, Room 305. Ninth St., No. 321, near Fifth Ave. WASHINGTON—608 14th St. Flatbush Ave., No. 838, near Linden Ave. PARIS—53 Rue Cambon. Gates Ave., No. 1022, near Broadway. LONDON—3 Regent St.

Classified

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THREE REASONS why The Brooklyn Eagle is both the LEADING and practically the ONLY classified advertising medium in Brooklyn. When a Brooklynite or Long Islander wants anything, he can find it without waste of time in its proper classification among The Eagle classified ads. Naturally, the advertiser gets Quick Results at a Saving of Money.

Advertising in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle DciAzc: Both Advertiser i^Ciy^ and Reader Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 91 THE EAGLE LIBP.ARY A Series of Publications onTopicsof Contemporaneous Interest (Nambers Out of Print are marked thns*. Copies may be seen on application at The Bagle Information Bnreaa) No. (Libraries from 1 to 2$ are out of print.) No. 77—Washington Guide, 1907. Price 15c. 130— civil Service Guide. Price 18 Foreign cents. No. 78—"Summer Resort Guide and No, No. 2&—New York State Canal Frauds, Hotel List. (Illustrated.) Price 10c. 131-Educational Directory, all years. Price 5 cents. August, J898. Price 6 cents. 79— Thought. Price lOe. No. "Modern Religious No, 132— Naturalization and Immigration No. 30—-The Political Campaign of 1898. No. 80—Pope Leo XIII. (Illnatrated.) Price Laws. Price 15 cents. No. 31—The Federal Bankruptcy Law of 15 cents. No. 133—Civil Service Examination Ques- 1898. with Tabulated Index, by Theodore Aub. No. 81-Charter of the City of New Tork. tions. For Patrolmen and Firemen. Price 10c. Cloth cover, small size. Price Jl-00. 1893. Price 50 cents; CHoth Edition, n.OO. No, 134—American Pulpit. Price 15 cents. No, 135 Marriage License No. .S2—'The Civil Service New No. S2—Rapid Transit Act and the Fran- — Law and Sun- Law of day Observance. Price Tork State; the Ford Tax Franchise Law and chise Laws. Price 25 cents. 10 cents. No. 13(V— Brooklyn's Call to Homeseekers. the Ahearn and McCarren Teachers Bills. No, Affecting New Tork City. 83—Tax Laws Price 10 cents. Price 25 cents. No. 32a—'A Complete Review of the Span- No. 137—The Torrens System. Price 25 cents. Laws. ish-American War. (Illustrated.) 1899. No. 84—Sportsman's Book, with Game No. 138—The Emmanuel Movement. Prioe No. 33—•Municipal Ownership. Articles by Price 25 cents. 10 cents. of Wm. H. Muldoon. (Illustrated.) No. 85—Building and Health Laws New No, 139—Summer Resort Directory, all years. No. 34—Spoopendyke Sketches, by Stanley Tork City. Price 25 cents: Cloth, 75 cents. Price 5 cents. Huntley. Paper cover, price 25 cents: Cloth No. 8(J—Book of Pictures and Stories for No. 140—The National Parties. Price Wo. cover. 50 cents. Toung People. Price 50 cents. No. 141—American Board of Foreign Mis- No. 35-*The Charter of the City of New No. 87—"Current Religious Thought. Price sions. Price 10 cents. Tork, with Amendments. 15 cents. No. 142— Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument Dedication and History. Price 10 cents. No. 3G—'The Primary and Election Laws as No. 88—"Educational Directory. Price lOo. No. 143—American Pulpit. Price 10 cents. Amended by the Legislature of 1899. No. 89—Special Laws Enacted by the State FolIoYvinf? isHned dnrine 1909, inclnd- No. 37—'The Building Code of New York of New Tork Legislature, 1903. Price 10 cents. Ine Eagle Almanac and Nos. 121, City. 1899. No. 90—'Civil Service Guide. Price 15 cents. 137, <>.", 139, 12n, 119, No. 38—"Father Malone Memorial. (Hlus- No. 91—Eagle Cartoons. Price 25 cents. No. 144—Torrens Law and Garnishee Law. trated.) January, 1900. Price 5 cents. No. 93-"The American Pulpit. Price 10 cents. No. 39—'Plymouth Church Annals. (Illus- No. 9.3—"Guide to Paris and the Principal No, 145— Lincoln Centenary. Price 10 cents. trated.) February. 1900. Price 5 cents. Countries of Europe. No. 146—Proposed New York CHiarter. Price 10 cents. No. 40—Annual Meeting Suffolk 94— Resort Guide. Price 10c. County No. "Summer No. 147—The Proposed Tariff Revision. Historical Society, 1900. Price 6 cents. No. 95—The Democratic Handbook, 1904. Price 10 cents. No. 41—Workers and the Trust. (Illustrat- Price 15 cents. No. 148—Grover Cleveland Memorial. Price ed.) By Chas. M. Skinner, May, 1900. Price 6o. No. 96—"The Republican Handbook, 1904. 10 cents. No. 42—'The Charter of the City of New Price 15 cents. No, 14J^—L. I. Automobile Guide. Price 50 York with Amendments. No, 97—"Educational Number. (Illustrated.) cents. No. 43—Building Code of New Tork City, September, 1904. No. 150—Theodore L. Cuyler Memorial. 1900. Price 6 cents. No. 98—The Scottish Free Church Appeal Price 10 cents. No. l.'Jl-Rapid Transit Law. Price 10 cents. No. 44—The New Tork Primary and Case, October, 1904. Price 15 cents. Gen- No. 152—Business Laws. Price 10 cents. eral Election Law, 1908. Price 35 cents. 99— by Rev. Wm. J. Dawson. No, "Sermons No, 1 53—Tariff Law. Price 10 cents. cents. No. 45—Sanitary Code of the Board of Price 10 No. 154—Penal Code. Price 25 cents. Health, City of New York, 1900. No, 100—Questions and Answers, 1904. Price No. 15,%—American Pulpit. Price 10 cents. No, 46—"Questions and Answers. 1900. 10 cents. FolloTvIns Issned dnrlne; 1910, tnclnd- No. 47—"Education Directory, Price 5 cents. No. 101—Eagle Almanacs, 1886 to 1909, In- Inf]: Raprle .\1mnnac and Nos, 65, 128. clusive, 121, 127, 77, 119, 131, 1.39, revised. No. 4S—The Political Campaign of 1900 with No, 1511—Our Taxes. Price 25 cents. Platforms. Letters of Acceptance. Price 5 No. 102—Catsklll Guide. Price 10 cents. cents. 157—Jamaica Bay Improvement. Price No. 103—Problems of Life Insurance. Price No. No, 40—"The Proposed Charter of Greater 10 cents. 10 cents. New York, as Prepared by the (barter Revl- No. 158—Government Cook Book. Price 10 eion Commission, December, 1909. No. 104—The Royal Arcanum and Fraternal cents. No, BO—The American Communes, Practi- Insurance. Price 10 cents. No. 159—The Liquor Tax Law. Price 28 cal Socialism In the United States. (Olua- No. 105—Mortgage Tax Law. Price 10 cents. cents. trated.) By C. M. Skinner. No. 106—"Summer Resort Directory. Price No. 160—Employers Liability Law, Inherit- No. J51—"Christian Science Claims—Unscien- 6 cents. ance Tax Law, and Automobile Law. Price tific and Un-Chrlstlan. By Wm. H. Muldoon. No. 107—"Guide to Paris and the Principal 25 cents. Xo. 161—Questions and Answers. Price 10 No. 6S—"Character Sketches of Prominent Countries of Europe, 1903. Price 15 cents. cents. Americans. (Illustrated.) Price 10 centa No. 108—"The American Pulpit. Price 10 No. 162— .American Pulpit. Price 10 cents. No. 53—"Tenement House Laws, 1901. cents. FollowlnB Issned dnrinc 1911. Inclnd- No. B4—"Charter of the City of New York, No. 109—Questions and Answers. Price 10 ing Eagle Almanac and Nos. 6.%. 121, 1901. cents. 12S, 131, 139, 149. 156, 162. revised. No. 55—A Guide to the Pan-American Expo- No. IIO— 'Practical Notes on Photography. No. 163—Chapman- Alexander Evangelistic sition, Buffalo. N. Y., 1901. Price 5 cents. Price 25 cents. Mls.slon. Price 10 cents. No. 164—Real Estate Laws. Revised. Price No. 56—"Summer Resort Directory. 1901. No. Ill—Two Americans In a Motor Car 15 cents. (Illustrated.) Price 10 cents. Touring In Europe. Price 50 cents and $1.00. No. 165—Proposed Charter, N. T. City. Citizen Publicist. No. 57—The American Soldier; Studies in No. 112-Dlngendlefer. and Price 60 cents. Army Life, by Charles M. Skinner, Septem- Price 10 cents. No. 16(»—Levy Election Law and Election ber, 1901. (Illustrated.) Price lO cents. No, 113—"The American Pulpit. Price 10 District Boundaries. Price 25 cents. No. 68—"Educational Directory. Price 10c cents. No. 167-Direct Primaries Law, N. Y. State, No. 59—"The McKlnley Memorial. (Illus- No, 114—Life Insurance. Armstrong Recom- 1911. Price 25 cents. trated.) Price 10 cents: Cloth cover, 60 cents. mendations and Bills. Price 10 cents. Following Issned dnrlng 1912, fnclnd- Almanac and Noa. 65, 119, Public Officials In New York State No, 115 Summer Resort Directory. Price Ing Eagle No. 60— — 128, 131, 139, 154, 166, revised. December, 1901. Price 10 cents. 10 cents. 121, and City, No. 168—Government Cook Book. new. Price No. 117» re- 71—"Educational Number. Price iiig Kagie Almanac and No, 10c. Brooklyn, 1907. Price 10 cents. No, 72 Questions and Answers. t*nce lOc viscfl. — No. 127—A Visitor's Guide to Paris (190e No. 179—Federal Banking and Currency Law. No. 73—"The Modem Pulpit. Price 10c. edition.) Price 10 cents. Price 25 cents. No, 74—"The Bcecher Memorial. (lUnstrat- No. 128—European Resort Number, 1904 No. ISO—Workmen's CJompensatlon Law. Price ed.) Price 10 cents. Price 10 cents. 25 cents. No. 75—Municipal Misrule. Price 10 cents. No, 129—The Public Service Commissions No, 181—Constitution of U. S. and N. Y. No. 76-New Tork City Guide. Price 160. Law. Price 10 cents. State. Price 10 cents. TO EAGLE LIBRARY (PUBLISHED MONTHLY) $t*50 Subscription Price FOR ONE YEAR, I INCLUDING THE EAGLE ALMANAC 92 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

A Good Buy!

Real Estate on Long Island

Men of Wealth Purchase It!

Long Island property is becoming more valu- able year after year. The reason of this is Long Island today is being searched by the discriminat- ing man for a location for an all-year-round home. When you are ready to join the Long Island Colony be certain to consult the classified columns of The Eagle. Many bargains of this charming section are daily advertised. Are You Familiar

with what is going on in your neighboring town.? If not, The Eagle will tell you. It prints all of the social, business and all other reliable news of the entire island. It's one of The Eagle's distinct features.

The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 3 Cents And Worth It!

^^ :

Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 93

7,W,,»//M^^MM^>>»M»»»^MJMW//WW//WMMW^^^^^^

Andrew Carnegie once said

* ^f\ THER men's brains have made V^ me rich—I seldom fail to read their catalogs. 'Tis said I've more money thsui some. If so, 'tis because I've had more courage than some. I

let the slow-coaches use the old ma-

5 chine—mine I chucked into the scrap- heap—quick. "The latest machine I bought from the latest catalog. That plan is the earliest by which to make money in a staple business. "There's brains in catalogs—but only for brains."

J Try the stimulating effect of Catalogs in pushing

We'll glad to talktall it over with ^ yourour business. be you, suggest styles and quote prices.

5 ^ i .^m,m/^^^M^^^^^^^^/M^^^^^^^^^//^^^^^^^^ 94 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND: ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

C. W. RULAND, Funeral Director, Embalmer and Undertaker

PATCHOGUE, L. I.

The undertaking and embalming establishment of C. W. Ruland, situated at North Ocean Avenue and Lake Street, Patchogue, is one of the most up-to-date concerns of its kind on Long Island. Mr. Ruland's ex- perience of forty years in business has been marked with success. Every modern device known to the pro- fession is found at Ruland's, and efficiency, combined with prompt, courteous, honest service, has met with a large and merited patronage. Mr. Ruland can well be called the pioneer in his profession on Long Island by reason of his leadership in modernism. He is the first man in Suffolk County to erecl a funeral chapel, morgue and embalming par- lors, all in one building, fully equipped with the most modern devices. This beautiful building, just com- pleted on North Ocean Avenue at the corner of Lake Street, is one of the show buildings of the village. The funeral chapel on the first floor, accommodating over 100 persons, and fittingly decorated and equipped, is the first of its kind in this section of Long Island. A deep underground basement is used as a morgue. The upper story is used as an embalming laboratory. This up-to-date establishment has a vault in Cedar Grove Cemetery for the use of its patrons. Associated with Mr. Ruland in the business are his two sons, Clarence W. Ruland and John Ruland, both licensed embalmers. SEEK HEALTH

. When you stop to think just where you would like to seek health this year, let The Eagle's Free Information Bureau aid you. Many good places will be spoken of and booklets, photographs and circulars can be secured—all to help you. BROOKLYN DAILY EAGLE

Fourth Floor, 307 Washington Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Telephone 6200 Main. OPEN ALL NIGHT. Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 95

I Mrs. TYLER-MILLER Importer and Manufacturer of Fine Hair Goods 80 and 82 FLEET STREET, BROOKLYN Shampooing, Manicuring, Hair Dressing Scalp and Facial Massage LARGEST LINE OF HAIR GOODS IN THE CITY—LOWEST PRICES Private Room for Each Patron For gray, bleached or faded hair I recommend and use in my establishment Empress Improved Hair Stain—does not rub off or stain the scalp, leaves the hair soft and glossy, so that it can be curled or waved beautifully. Guaranteed abso- lutely harmless by the leading derma- tologists of the Universities of Berlin and Leipsic, Germany, and Paris, France. Mrs.TYLER-MILLER

80-82 Fleet St., Brooklyn

Opp. Loeser's and Netv Dime Savings Bank TeL Main 1319

'!WWWW/MWW/M/W///M//////^///////W/WWW^^^^ WANTED-OLD SILVER CHINA AND ANTIQUE FURNITURE

Highest Price Paid for Old American and English Silver

and Antiques \

C. R. MORSON, 301 Fulton Street, Brooklyn 96 Eagle Library—LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

Photographic Reproductions and Local View Post Cards Made to Order

Developing and Printing for the Amateur Photographer

We Do All Kinds of Photography Everywhere by Appointment

WRITE FOR SAMPLES OF WORK AND PRICES

ROTOGRAPH COMPANY, 523 Atlantic Avenue, Brooklyn TELEPHONE 7959 MAIN

MUSIC ROLLS FOR PLAYERPIANOS

ALL $1.75 and $1.50 Rolls 75c. only ALL $1.25 and $1.00 Rolls 50c. only ALL 75c. Rolls 35c. only

From Manufacturer Direct to You ORDER BY MAIL

Local Parcel Post Rate, 5 cents for one roll— 1 cent for each additional roll.

238 LIVINGSTON ST., BROOKLYN, N. Y. SEND NAME AND ADDRESS FOR CATALOG AND WEEKLY

Special list of new Tangos, One-Step, Hesitation Waltzes and Popular Songs. THE MODERN^ WAY Facts Better Than Manufacturers^ Claims or Salesmen's Arguments IN the old days, when you were on the market to purchase machinery or appHances for your business, a salesman called on you, showed you a few pictures of the article you were inter- ested in and told you what the manufacturer claimed for it; and if the salesman talked well and the pictures looked good, the sale was made.

Our method changes all this, completely discards manufacturers' claims and enables you to "know" that the appliance meets your needs before you purchase.

There are on display at our new building, 1022 to 1028 Fulton Street, between Grand and Franklin Avenues, over two hundred types of apparatus and burners. Some of them will be of popu- lar interest in your line of business.

Every appliance is connected with a test meter, so that you may not only see the work done for which it is intended, but also note the exact amount of gas used in the operation. We show you exactly what gas does when correctly used. We illustrate to you why our appliances work efficiently. You see for yourself why gas is the ideal fuel; clean, economical, starting and ceasing work and expense at the turn of a lever.

Bring a sample of your work here. We can then tell you exactly what appliance is most useful to you and you can try it and learn for yourself.

Our services, our appliances and our gas at the demonstration are at your disposal without any obligation on your part.

THE BROOKLYN UNION GAS CO. INDUSTRIAL DIVISION: 1022-1028 FULTON STREET Telephone Prospect 8096 °'' H«»^^^'"'^ CONGRESS

014 114 451 0^ Absolutely Fireproof

To secure tne best care, telephone our Estimate Department, 5560 Main, for tlie storage of your housebola goods and valuaUes. Expert packers. Carpets cleaned by electric or vacuum machinery

The Eagle Warehonse and Storage Co.f.!.V/l°!l".° ^'.-.?T^.'{!!

OFFICERS and DIRECTORS of the EAGLE WAREHOUSE AND STORAGE COMPANY OFFICERS JOHN H. HALLOCK, President JOHN E. CASSIDY, Vice-President & Mgr. HERBERT F. GUNNISON, Secretary and Treasurer DIRECTORS

Andrew D. Baird Julian D. Fairchild T, M. Lloyd P. J. Carlin John E. Cassidy Herbert F. Gunnison Wm. M. Van Anden J. H. Hallock Daniel J. Creem William Hester E. Le Grand Beers W. V. Hester