José Felipe Araujo De Almeida UMA ABORDAGEM INSTITUCIONAL

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José Felipe Araujo De Almeida UMA ABORDAGEM INSTITUCIONAL José Felipe Araujo de Almeida UMA ABORDAGEM INSTITUCIONAL-PSICOLÓGICA DA TOMADA DE DECISÃO DOS CONSUMIDORES Curitiba 2010 José Felipe Araujo de Almeida UMA ABORDAGEM INSTITUCIONAL-PSICOLÓGICA DA TOMADA DE DECISÃO DOS CONSUMIDORES Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Econômico, Departamento de Economia, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de doutor. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Marco Antonio Ribas Cavalieri Curitiba 2010 I À Adriana II AGRADECIMENTOS Dado o grande número de pessoas que me auxiliaram na elaboração dessa tese não conseguirei ser breve nos agradecimento. Agradeço a todos os meus familiares, principalmente aos meus pais, Claudia Maria Araujo de Almeida e José Carlos Dias de Almeida, e aos meus irmãos, Caroline Araujo de Almeida e Carlos Eduardo Sanches de Almeida, por todo o apoio e carinho fornecido em todo o processo e pelos fundamentais momentos de lazer e entretenimento que me proporcionaram. Agradeço também aos meus amigos Adriano Renzi, Bruno Berger, Daniel Brehm, Fabiany Brehm, Fernanda Yonamini, Rodrigo Silvestre e Wellington Pereira. Dentre os agradecimentos aos meus amigos Evânio Felippe, Marco Tulio França e Tulio Savio merecem um destaque especial devido a apoio que me deram tanto na ida quanto na volta do meu estágio de doutorando no exterior. Em relação ao meu estágio de doutorando no exterior agradeço profundamente ao Prof. Wilfred Dolfsma pela co-orientação e acesso à excelente infra-estrutura da Universidade de Groningen. Agradeço também ao Arthur de Boer, Truusje Cordes e Jeannette Wiersema pela imensa ajuda com a burocracia holandesa e da Universidade de Groningen. Obrigado ao meu primeiro colega de apartamento Abdella Oumer, minha primeira amizade em Groningen e, principalmente, as minhas amigas Ee Soo Lee e Victoria Hentschke que tiveram um papel muito importante na minha estadia em Groningen, me forçavam a parar de trabalhar um pouco para passear. Agradeço também aos professores Thijs Broekhuizen e Rudi de Vries que me auxiliaram muito na elaboração da segunda ilustração da tese. Tratando-se de agradecimento aos professores existe um agradecimento fundamental: o agradecimento ao meu orientador Huáscar Pessali. Agradeço ao Huáscar pelo respeito que ele sempre teve às minhas idéias, ao meu trabalho e a todo o apoio que ele incondicionalmente sempre me deu seja em relação a tese ou a qualquer aspecto profissional. Agradeço a postura extremamente ética que o Huáscar sempre teve diante da minha orientação. Agradeço também a sua paciência e reafirmo, ainda com mais clareza e certeza, algo que destaquei no agradecimento III da minha dissertação: o Huáscar se tornou um exemplo de professor e pesquisador que terei para o resto da minha vida profissional. No quesito orientação também possuo grande gratidão ao Prof. Marco Antonio Cavalieri. Um profundo obrigado ao Marco Antonio por ter aceitado ser o meu orientador formal e por, nas etapas finais do meu trabalho, ter efetivamente auxiliado no processo de orientação. Em relação aos professores que auxiliaram a elaboração dessa tese, agradeço ao Prof. Nilson de Paula por uma contribuição importante embora indireta. Agradeço ao Nilson pela motivação fornecida a elaboração da primeira ilustração da tese, com certeza essa motivação foi de extrema importância para o desenvolvimento da lógica de como aplicar o escopo teórico da tese – algo fundamental não só para a tese mas, principalmente, para estudos subseqüentes. É de fundamental valor destacar um grande agradecimento aos membros da banca de qualificação da tese. Essa banca foi composta pela professora Adriana Sbicca e pelos professores Fabiano Dalto e Ramón Fernandéz, além do Huáscar e Marco Antonio. Sou extremamente grato aos professores citados pelo grande respeito que tiveram diante do meu trabalho. Julgo a minha qualificação muito proveitosa, algo que resulta do tempo que os professores dedicaram a leitura e reflexão sobre o meu trabalho. Muitíssimo obrigado! Também agradeço aos professores Alexandre Sales e Iara Vigo por aceitarem o convite compor a banca que avaliará a defesa da tese. Assim, como agradeço novamente à Adriana, Fabiano, Huáscar e Marco Antonio por mais uma vez aceitarem avaliar a minha tese. Agradeço a CAPES – Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – pois sem o apoio financeiro da CAPES o meu doutorado, o meu estágio de doutorando no exterior e, consequentemente, a elaboração dessa tese não teriam sido possíveis. Devido à grande atenção e apoio durante processo de aquisição da minha bolsa de doutorando no exterior agradeço ao Prof. Mauricio Bittencourt, coordenador do PPGDE – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Econômico – aos demais membros da comissão de bolsa – Prof. Francisco Paulo Cipolla e ao discente e amigo Marco Túlio França – e a atenciosa, paciente e eficiente Secretária da Pró-Reitoria da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Jussara Elias. IV Por último o agradecimento mais importante. Agradeço a minha namorada e grande companheira Adriana Ripka. Agradeço o apoio à elaboração do trabalho, a compreensão incondicional do tempo dedicado e “sacrifícios” realizados para a elaboração da minha tese e a nunca deixar eu me sentir sozinho, mesmo a 10.000 km de distância de casa (e sem conhecer ninguém). Agradeço a Adriana por ter realizado a tarefa mais difícil da construção da tese: ter ficado do meu lado enquanto eu a elaborava. V “There is no spoon ” Frase do filme “The Matrix” VI SUMÁRIO Lista de Quadros ...................................................................................................... VII Lista de Figuras ........................................................................................................ VII Resumo ................................................................................................................... VIII Abstract ..................................................................................................................... IX 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 2. Consumers, instincts and goods: Freud’s insights meet Veblen’s theory ................ 8 2.1 Instincts, emulation, and private properties ........................................................... 9 2.2 Veblen’s institutionalism and Id, Ego, and SuperEgo .......................................... 21 2.3 Conspicuous consumption, instincts, and objects ............................................... 25 2.4 Final comments ................................................................................................... 31 3. Vicarious learning and Institutional Economics ..................................................... 34 3.1 Vicarious learning and cognition .......................................................................... 35 3.2 Groups and status ............................................................................................... 40 3.3 Habits, institutions, and reinforcement ................................................................ 44 3.4 Final comments ................................................................................................... 51 4. Institutional Economics, vicarious learning, consumers’ decision making, and entrepreneurship ....................................................................................................... 55 4.1 Revisiting conspicuous consumption ................................................................... 57 4.2 Shared concepts of goods ................................................................................... 61 4.2.1 Consumers as observers and the influence of groups ..................................... 62 4.2.2 Institutions, communication, and objects of consumption ................................. 65 4.3 The change of objects of consumption and the change in objects of consumption .................................................................................................................................. 71 4.4 How firms can interfere in the consumers’ decision making ................................ 75 4.4.1 The firm and the entrepreneur .......................................................................... 76 4.4.2 The institutional entrepreneur and the upward causation process ................... 81 4.5 Final comments ................................................................................................... 90 5. Illustrations: functional yogurt and comic books movies ........................................ 94 5.1 The creation of the concept of functional yogurt .................................................. 94 5.1.1 The creation of the concept of healthy food ...................................................... 95 5.1.2 The creation of the concept of functional food and the functional yogurt .......... 96 5.1.3 Functional yogurts in Brazil .............................................................................. 99 5.1.4 The cumulative dynamics of the concept of a functional good ....................... 105 5.2 The adaptation of objects of consumption: from comic books to movies ........... 109 5.2.1 Comic books and their concepts of objects of consumption ........................... 110 5.2.2 The consumption of movies ............................................................................ 114 5.2.3 The consumption of movies and the transference of concepts from comic books ...............................................................................................................................
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