Endless Possibilities at NASA Congestion, and Evaluating New Aircraft Designs

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681 NP-2014-12-579-LaRC www.nasa.gov LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER 2014 iv 1

With the launch of Orion in

December, NASA took the

first steps toward the future

of human space exploration.

Langley contributed critical

elements to the mission:

a launch abort system,

structural impact testing,

recovery testing, heat shield

validation, and wind tunnel

testing. The flight test went

flawlessly and met NASA’s

key objectives. NASA/George Homich A D8 airliner concept from a team led by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is tested in Langley’s 14 by-22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel. NASA is working with industry and university partners to develop technologies and systems for aircraft that will reduce noise, emissions and fuel consumption. NASA

Photos in this publication are by David C. Bowman of NASA Langley unless otherwise credited. 2 3

t’s time once again to recognize many of the past That work includes reducing aircraft noise around year’s accomplishments while looking ahead to airports, boosting fuel efficiency, relieving air traffic another year of endless possibilities at NASA congestion, and evaluating new aircraft designs. ILangley Research Center. In 2014, NASA’s Environmentally Responsible The pages of this report highlight steps we’ve Aviation program used an innovative manu- At right: Space Launch System taken and progress toward enabling human models have been tested in several facturing process to build a 10,000-pound Langley wind tunnels, including exploration of the solar system, as well as our composite aircraft structure for testing at this one in the Transonic Dynamics work helping improve the air travel system and Langley. Composite materials and structures Tunnel. The new launch system learning more about Earth’s changing climate. will enable science missions and increasingly are being used in aircraft to improve human exploration beyond Earth’s Our work in space exploration and technology orbit, to destinations such as an safety and fuel-efficiency. asteroid and eventually Mars. development continues to produce advances that will help NASA build and send spacecraft – some with humans And our scientists are learning more about how climate Below left: Technicians check change is impacting the planet. Langley researchers are out a section of a former Marine – to destinations including an asteroid and eventually Mars. helicopter crash tested at conducting experiments to understand the effect on the Langley. The 10-foot drop test As part of that, Langley is helping advance designs for atmosphere from volcanoes, industrial pollution and changes was in preparation for a full-scale expanded launch capabilities, developing next-generation helicopter crash test later in the in Earth’s temperature. year. deployable space structures and partnering with companies to analyze and test the latest class of spacecraft. Capping a four-year campaign, NASA research aircraft spent Below center: The Integrated the month of August studying air pollution in the Denver region. Structural Assembly of Advanced In another step toward spaceflight beyond Earth orbit, in Composites (ISAAC) was recently The mission was aimed at improving the ability of satellites to installed in Langley’s Advanced December NASA’s Orion crew capsule traveled 3,600 miles Manufacturing and Flight Test into space during its first mission, Exploration Flight Test-1. The better observe and understand air quality in the lowest part Articles Development Lab. two-orbit, four-hour uncrewed flight test will help engineers of the atmosphere, an effort that will continue with the launch Below right: Sailors from the USS evaluate the systems critical to crew safety, including the heat in 2018 of a satellite to measure atmospheric pollution over Anchorage attach a towing bridle most of North America. to NASA’s Orion Crew Module off shield, parachute system and launch abort system – all of the Pacific coast after a successful which Langley contributed to. I hope you’ll take a few minutes to go through this report. test launch and splashdown in December. In aeronautics, Langley continues to work on technologies You’ll find a lot more detail about the activities I just touched NASA/George Homich to make commercial flight safer, cleaner and more efficient. on and much more.

Stephen G. Jurczyk Director NASA Langley Research Center

U.S. Navy 4 L initiative. Aboveright:Amock-up totestconcepts forcapturingan asteroid. Center: Technician RickHallinsidetheUnitaryPlan Wind Tunnel readying aDream Chaser modelfortestsinsupportofNASA’s Commercial Crew Above left:Researchers testacomponentofaninflatable devicethatcouldbeusedinfuture missionsforspacecraft atmospheric re-entry. surface ofMars. sending humansintodeepspacebeyondlowEarthorbitandeventuallytothe The ultimategoalistosolvethemostchallengingproblems associatedwith designing and building hypersonic-entry and autonomous-landing systems. to Mars,improving designsforlaunchvehiclesusingspaceagematerials,and retrieval conceptsmightworkinspace.Langleyalsocompletedprototype rendezvous andretrieval mission,demonstratinginthelaboratoryhowasteroid Langley developedrobotic conceptsthatcouldcontributetoNASA’s asteroid precisely andsafelyonsurfaces. as rocks, holesandslopes,ALHAT enablesplanetarylanderstotouchdown and evenanasteroid. Bydetectingandevadingdangerous obstaclessuch spacecraft couldbypasspotentiallyhazardous terrainonthemoon,Mars has collaboratedwiththeJohnsonSpaceCenterinHoustontodeviseways With itsAutonomousLandingHazard Avoidance Technology (ALHAT), Langley longer missionsbeyondnear-Earth space. providing newcapabilityforlong-reach manipulatorsystemsthatwillleadto the massoffuture launchvehicles,crew modules,andspacehabitats continues todevelopadvancedlightweightstructuralconceptsforreducing re-entry test that will piggyback on a space station resupply flight. Langley also a next-generationMarsentrysystemandworkbeganonhigh-speedorbital In 2014,structuralandhigh-temperature testingvalidatedLangleydesignsfor Creating Tomorrow’s SpaceTechnologies Leading theWay totheFuture space exploration, finding the least energy-intensive pathways from Earth from energy-intensive pathways least the finding exploration, space angley engineersandspacearchitects are leadingthewayintofuture of

NASA

from solarradiationstormsduringdeepspacemissions. designs fordeepspacehabitatsthatwillprotect thecrew Earth’s orbit. tunnel supporttoadvancetheirconceptsforspacecraft travelingbeyond worked withSierraNevadaCorp.,Boeing,andSpaceX onanalysisandwind In supportofdevelopmentthecommercial spaceindustry, Langleyhas Travel Orbit toLow-Earth study theresponse oftheOrioncrew moduleduringwaterlandings. has also continued to lead the efforts to define and ultimately execute tests to of thecrew moduleheatshieldthatwillbeusedincrewed missions.Langley atmospheric re-entry, Langleyhasprovided criticalsupporttothedevelopment measure surfacepressures ontheOrionheatshieldduring will that system data flush-air the delivering to addition In Launch Systemin2018. flight test and on the first planned launch of NASA’s Space connected Orion to a Delta IV Heavy rocket during its first hardware isanintegralpartofthestageadapterthat keep exhaustgasesawayfrom thespacecraft.The delivered Orion’s stageadapterdiaphragmusedto tunnel testingandanalysisdatabases.Langleyalso System (SLS),Langleycontinuedtodeliverwind To helpmature thedesignofSpaceLaunch Orion andNASA’s SpaceLaunch System

at Langley. water landingtests article forOrionprepares for Lockheed Martin’s ground test

lander thatusesALHAT A Morpheusprototype http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/exploration technology. Langley ResearchersExpressPrideasOrionRushesintoSpaceandBack it comingin,”Linsaid,smiling.“That’s where mystuff wasworking.Ihadmy “My heartwaspoundingwhenIsawthelaunch,but even harder whenIsaw the fiery, away: high-stakes maneuvercalledre-entry. hours four-and-a-half still was flight he knewthatoneofthemostriskypartsday’s As heatshieldstructure subsystemsmanagerforOrion, immediately startcheering. by themorning’s successfullaunch,buthedidn’t NASA Langleyresearcher Shih-Yung Linwasthrilled test successful. It alsoinstilledprideinthosewhoworkedtomakethe liftoff.” of therocket andhowmuchpropulsion theyneedfor Center inHampton,Virginia. “I was surprisedatthesize big eventontheIMAXscreen attheVirginia Air&Space said 10-year-old whohadjustwatchedthe EvanFurniz, “I’m stunned.I’dneverseenarocket launchbefore,” adventures indeepspace. rekindled excitementaboutthepotentialforhuman rocket from CapeCanaveralAirForce StationinFlorida The uncrewed launchofOrionatopaDeltaIVHeavy right alongwithit. NASA’s ambitiousplansforspaceexplorationlifted A atmosphere and punched into orbitin December, s theOrionspacecraftroared outofEarth’s own fewminutesofterror.” Lin worked more than two years to ensure that Orion’s first Orion’s that ensure to years two than more worked Lin trip tospacedidn’tPartnering endinadestructiveinferno. with OrionprimecontractorLockheedMartin,Linand his teamoversawcreation ofaheatshieldcapable of withstanding the blast-furnace-like conditions of withstandingtheblast-furnace-like of re-entry, with temperatures reaching 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Lin andhisteamwillget to examinethat very same Orionheatshieldupclose.

great dayforNASA.” a success,”shesaid.“Ihave agreat feelingofgratitude fortheirefforts. It’s a this make to sacrifices made people of lot “A team. the of part be to humbled Ellen Carpenter, project managerforOrionwaterimpacttesting, saidshefelt arises duringlaunchbypropelling thespacecraftawayfrom afailingrocket. Abort System.Thatsystemisdesignedtoprotect astronauts ifaproblem developed,” saidKevinRivers,whomanagestheteam overseeingtheLaunch “This isonemore giantsteptoward makingOrionthesafestspacecraftever Plenty offolksatLangleyexpressed thatsamesenseofaccomplishment. This isabsolutelyhugeforNASA.” NASA whole plancometogether. Iwasveryexcitedtoseeitgo. real experiencewithalarge project. Iwantedtoseethe ability to withstand splashdown impacts. “This is my first aerospace engineerwhorunstestsofthecrew module’s on things related to Orion,” said Richard Boitnott, an “I’ve workedforthelasteightyears,almostexclusively, into theatmosphere duringre-entry. Imagery, In-Flight captured thermalsnapshotsofOrionasit blazed back Calibrated Scientifically for stands What’s more, ateamatLangleycalledSCIFLI, which were allhandledbyLangley. procedures recovery Orion’s to refinements and testing of essentialtests.Windtunnelwork,structuralimpact of itsLaunchAbortSystemandconductedanarray contributions toOrion.Researchers leddevelopment Heat shieldvalidationisoneofseveralNASALangley improve thenextgenerationofOrionheatprotection. of expertswillstudyitcarefully andusetheirresults to transported toNASALangley, where Linandateam After beingdetachedfrom thecrew module,itwillbe 5 6 http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/aeronautics/#.VMkJOmTF-3c 7 A low-boom demonstration aircraft concept.

The Next Steps in Aeronautics Innovation Testing Next-generation Aircraft Concepts leaner fuel, fewer bugs, more aerodynamic helicopters, flexible yet was able to reduce the drag generated by both the helicopter fuselage and ore than 736 million passengers flew on U.S. airlines in 2013, according Two questions engineers are trying to answer are whether engines embedded strong airplane wings and smart aircraft skin were all on Langley’s 2014 its rotors. to the Federal Aviation Administration. Every one of those airliners in the fuselage decrease drag, and by how much. Reduced drag helps reduce Caeronautics research agenda. As in years past, computers were put to the M Drag also is caused by objects adhering to aircraft surfaces – especially carried at least some NASA-developed technology on board, much of it fuel consumption. test and results evaluated in the field as Langley scientists and engineers created at NASA Langley. insects – which, when combined with other factors, can increase fuel usage Transonic Dynamics Tunnel engineers at Langley installed a 13-foot semi- took the next steps in aeronautics innovation. by as much as 30 percent. Continuing work begun in 2013, researchers used Now NASA Langley researchers are working to develop the next two span Boeing model to assess the aeroelastic qualities of an unusual truss- In one of 2014’s most significant developments, results from the Alternative a “bug gun” to evaluate a series of nonstick coatings in Langley’s Basic generations of aircraft that could become operational over the next 20 years. braced wing configuration. Aeroelasticity is the study of how an aircraft Fuel Effects on Contrails and Cruise Emissions (ACCESS) II study that Aerodynamics Research Tunnel. Tests proved that certain coatings can These are planes that should be quieter, safer, greener and faster – and flexes during flight. concluded in late May confirmed that jet biofuel burns at least 50 percent shrink the area of insect adherence by as much as 90 percent. flying in an air transportation system that is more efficient than now. Boeing designed the concept with NASA and studies predict that the more cleanly than traditional fuels. ACCESS II was the latest in a series of Aircraft fuel consumption could also decrease with widespread use of A number of different designs — jets shaped like flying wings, an aircraft with truss-braced wing would improve fuel consumption five to 10 percent over ground and flight tests to study emissions and contrail formation generated composite materials. A new NASA effort, the Advanced Composites Project, a double fuselage, a plane with truss-braced wings, and low sonic boom advanced conventional wings. by new blends of plant-based, renewable aviation propellants. involves Langley engineers as well as private industry and the Federal supersonic jet concepts — are being tested and studied in Langley wind A kind of flying wing called the Hybrid Wing Body shows promise as a quieter, ACCESS II — a followup to the 2013 predecessor study ACCESS I – involved Aviation Administration. It is aimed at substantially reducing the time it takes tunnels and labs. more fuel-efficient airplane design, according to researchers. A number of Langley researchers and NASA personnel from California and Ohio, as materials to go from laboratory to market, and would accelerate their design, They represent the possible shape of things to come and a revolution in different versions are being tested in various Langley facilities. well as collaborators from the German Aerospace Center and the National development and certification for both aircraft and spacecraft. aviation technology, which aims to keep noise within airport boundaries, Research Council of Canada. Because they lay the groundwork for more “Some of the technology is not specific to the Hybrid Wing Body,” said Eventually, embedded sensors could turn an airplane’s exterior into a “smart reduce fuel emissions, increase fuel efficiency and bring back supersonic environmentally friendly aircraft designs and worldwide flight operations, Russ Thomas, Environmentally Responsible Aviation Project engineer for skin.” Researchers from Langley have studied the integration of Langley- passenger travel. and given the explosive growth forecast for global air travel, ACCESS II data Vehicle Systems Integration. “It can apply to other aircraft configurations for developed SansEC sensors into composite test panels. The sensors could assume key importance. Most current airliners are designed as a tube with wings – a single tube, incremental and significant noise reduction.” one-day monitor aircraft structural health, and determine the location and called a fuselage. But for the future, engineers, in partnership with the Research at the End of the Tunnel severity of potential damage. Noise is also an issue when it comes to supersonic passenger travel. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, are looking at the possible benefits Federal Aviation Administration banned supersonic flight over land in 1973, A trio of tests in Langley’s wind tunnels during 2014 assessed methods of Langley and NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia also are part of a of wider, double fuselages with wings. primarily because of concerns that sonic booms are annoying to communities reducing fuel use, decreasing noise and improving structural integrity. new effort to advance the technology of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). A model of the so-called “double bubble” D8 airliner concept returned to on the ground. Virginia Tech, plans to work with both NASA field centers to conduct UAS One experiment in Langley’s 14-by-22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel involved both NASA Langley’s 14 by-22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel for further testing in 2014. failure mode testing and identify and evaluate operational and technical After research done here in wind tunnels and noise labs, NASA Langley and NASA and the U.S. Army working together to find ways to smooth the airflow “The team refined what it did last year, “ said Rich Wahls, FixedWing risks areas. NASA Langley uses unmanned aircraft, such as a scaled airliner industry engineers say they believe supersonic research has progressed to the around a helicopter body. Early results indicate that air blown from tiny jets Project scientist. “We are getting higher accuracy data and more insight into model, in its own aviation safety research. point where the design of a practical low-boom supersonic jet is within reach. the flow physics with a new measurement device.”

Right: Researchers prepare a model Left: A scale model of a futuristic Left: A D8 airliner concept of a concept for electric powered hybrid wing body during oil flow from a team led by the flight known as Greased Lightning tests in the 14 by-22-Foot Subsonic Massachusetts Institute for a tethered test flight at Langley’s Tunnel. The oil helps researchers of Technology is tested in LandIR facility. “see” the flow patterns when air Langley’s 14 by-22-Foot passes over and around the Subsonic Tunnel. Far right: A helicopter was drop model. Those tested for crashworthiness of the patterns are important Right: A Boeing concept for airframe and passenger systems in in determining truss-braced wing aircraft partnership with the Navy, Army, FAA crucial aircraft in the Langley Transonic and industry. characteristics Dynamics Tunnel for tests. such as lift and drag. NASA/Sandie Gibbs

NASA/Preston Martin 8 http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/science 9

A Safer Planet, A Better Tomorrow Pollution Study Caps Four-Year Campaign

or almost 40 years, the Science Directorate at NASA Langley has been measurements will continue with two new instruments. inal flights were completed in 2014 for a Langley-led The NASA Wallops P-3B and Langley B200 King Air were Ftranslating atmospheric discovery into better solutions to protect the These long-term data records of the Earth’s climate system enable earlier and Fseries of airborne field studies aimed to improve the the main airplanes supporting DISCOVER-AQ, with the Earth and its people through research in climate, active remote sensing, better-informed public policy decisions that provide a large economic benefit ability to diagnose near-surface air quality conditions P-3B providing in-situ profiles over ground-monitoring sites atmospheric composition and air quality. to the U.S. and the world. from space. To do this, it is critical to understand how and the B200 remotely sensing gaseous and particulate The Earth is continuously bombarded by high-energy cosmic rays, the primary pollution is distributed at the surface as well as aloft pollution from high overhead. The NCAR C-130, fielded since satellites must peer through the entire depth of by the FRAPPÉ team, served as a second in-situ aircraft source of atmospheric ionizing radiation that increases the risk of cancer and Improving Satellite Observations the atmosphere. able to sample more freely upwind and downwind of the other health effects. Commercial aircrews are classified as radiation workers, In searching for ways to make more precise measurements of carbon dioxide DISCOVER-AQ study region. and are among the most exposed occupational group. gas, considered the primary contributor to climate change, NASA envisioned The project, called DISCOVER-AQ (Deriving Information a laser-based carbon dioxide-measuring satellite mission called ASCENDS on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically A second remote sensing aircraft, the NASA Langley HU- Yet, career and storm exposures are not quantified or documented. This year, Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality) has 25C Falcon, joined the B200 flying high overhead with Langley made significant progress on the Radiation Dosimetry Experiment, (Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days and Seasons). provided the most detailed information ever collected NASA/Patrick Reddy an instrument onboard developed at Ball Aerospace to or RaD-X, a high-altitude balloon that will characterize energy deposition by One tool to potentially fill gaps in current knowledge about atmospheric on the distribution of pollutants and the associated demonstrate the technology that will be used in future carbon dioxide is the ASCENDS CarbonHawk Experiment Simulator, or ACES. The NASA P-3B as viewed from the cockpit of the cosmic rays after its launch in 2015. factors affecting local air quality. NCAR C-130 during DISCOVER-AQ testing. geostationary satellite observations of air quality. In 2014, Langley conducted six flights over 20 hours aboard NASA’s HU-25C Natural hazards, like volcanic ash, pose threats to aviation and affect climate. In previous years, deployments focused on the Beneath these aircraft, the local air quality network was Falcon aircraft to measure carbon dioxide over the Atlantic Ocean, and cities After Indonesia’s Mount Kelud erupted in February, a team of NASA Langley Baltimore-Washington area, California’s southern San Joaquin Valley, and augmented with an unprecedented array of observations including 10 lidars, and forests in Virginia, West Virginia and North Carolina. scientists ventured to Australia to send balloons aloft to make measurements Houston, Texas. The final deployment was conducted over Colorado’s Northern 16 trace gas spectrometers, 20 Aerosol robotic network sun photometers, of the volcanic plume during the Kelud Ash experiment. ACES is considered a new-and-improved version of the Multi-functional Front Range/Denver area last July and August. Each location offered unique four in-situ trailers, six mobile labs, two tethered balloon operations, and Fiber Laser Lidar, which was also demonstrated successfully this year aboard factors leading to violations of federal air quality standards. a 300-meter instrumented tower at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Meanwhile from space, measurements from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared NASA’s DC-8 aircraft. Administration’s Boulder Atmospheric Observatory. Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) indicated the persistence of ash In Colorado, it was the terrain and unique mixture of pollution sources with In another effort to advance space-based capabilities, Langley participated in clearly identifiable chemical signatures associated with urban emissions, oil DISCOVER-AQ was able to document violations of federal air quality particles in the plume months after the eruption. a coordinated ship and aircraft observation campaign, NASA’s Ship-Aircraft and gas exploration, and feedlot operations. standards during each of the four deployments, and the ongoing analysis For more than 25 years, the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment Bio-Optical Research (SABOR). A key to the success of DISCOVER-AQ has been partnerships with EPA, local of observations is being used to improve satellite algorithms, develop (SAGE) instruments have made accurate measurements of ozone loss in From Langley’s UC-12 aircraft, Langley’s science team tested a prototype air quality agencies, and communities in each location. In Colorado, another ground-monitoring strategies of the future, and evaluate and improve air Earth’s atmosphere. Ozone measurements will be extended when SAGE III/ lidar system, the High Spectral Resolution Lidar-1 (HSRL-1), which uses a major collaboration was with the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry quality models. ISS is deployed to the International Space Station in 2016. laser to probe the ocean to a depth of 160 feet. This enables a deeper Experiment (FRAPPÉ) jointly sponsored by the National Center for Atmospheric These activities are essential to prepare for NASA’s launch of TEMPO Nearly 20 years of CERES (Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System) understanding of the distribution of phytoplankton blooms, Research, the National Science Foundation and the state of Colorado. (Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution), a geostationary on-orbit performance have produced a long-term record that is critical which affect the migratory patterns of fish and the Earth’s A total of four aircraft collected observations during joint satellite to monitor air quality over North America, which is to detect and understand climate change. These fundamental CERES carbon budget. flights over the local air-quality monitoring network. planned to be on orbit by the end of the decade.

NASA/Sam McDonald Tom Glennon/URI Observations from CERES Morgan Silverman and are used to determine Mary Kleb suit up for Earth’s radiation budget, a ride to the top of which consists of NOAA’s 300-meter measurements of the tower during the final incoming energy DISCOVER-AQ from the sun and deployment in outgoing energy Colorado. back to space. This balance determines Above left: Amin Nehrir, left, and ACES Principal Investigator Mike Obland pose in front of the workings of ACES. Above center and right: Earth’s temp- NASA Nearly 30,000 feet below Langley’s UC-12, scientists aboard the National Science Foundation’s Research Vessel Endeavor took ship-based The NASA P-3B taking off from the Rocky Mountain Metropolitan Airport. erature and measurements that will help the Langley team validate and improve its data set from HSRL-1. NASA climate. 10 http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/business 11 Partnerships

Moving Technologies from Lab to Market ot only are Langley’s efforts in research and technology critical to the a wireless sensor, can be used for a multitude of measuring applications. success of NASA missions, they likewise generate new private-sector When the firm originally licensed SansEC, it was to manufacture and market Nbusinesses and products in the United States and abroad. A key player is the measurement products for the boating industry. Because of SansEC’s success, Office of Innovation, home to Langley’s technology transfer initiatives. Caplan Taylor is now licensing the technology for a new line of products that The office helps set Langley technologies on a target the automotive industry. path to commercial viability, beginning with the This past year, the office earned a national patenting process, and then to promotion and honor: Langley’s Extreme Low Frequency marketing to enlist external partners. With an Acoustic Measurement System garnered the understanding of how today’s latest innovations NASA Commercial Invention of the Year Award. connect to business world, the office uses both The technology detects infrasound, inaudible conventional and new approaches to guide to the human ear, and can sense clear-air Langley innovation to the marketplace. turbulence, tornado activity, and may one day be From Concept to Company used as a cardiac monitor. In 2014, Langley collaborated with Edison Small Business Innovation Nation, a company that works with inventors, American small businesses and research entrepreneurs, and large industry to shepherd institutions are critical to technology innovation. fledgling concepts to viable products. Edison In 2014, Langley oversaw more than 90 Small Nation held a NASA Challenge for Langley’s Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small MindShift, a technology that uses brainwave Business Technology contracts worth almost $30 activity to help pilots maintain safer flight during million. autopilot engagement and other automated Qamar Shams stands next to a protected microphone of the Extreme aircraft functions. Low Frequency Acoustic Measurement System. He and the late Allan To ensure the investments support technology Zuckerwar received the NASA Commercial Invention of the Year for areas that are important to Langley specifically If physiological signals indicate less-than- this technology. and to NASA as a whole, Langley’s SBIR Office optimal performance, MindShift alters works closely with its chief technologist and the the speed, strength or steadiness of a monitoring device that alerts Langley Technology Council. users to increase concentration and decrease stress. Through their Langley SBIR partnerships, Fibertek Inc. of Herndon, Virginia, The goal of the collaboration is to find new ideas and and ADVR Inc. of Bozeman, Montana, delivered key laser technologies for applications for MindShift that may eventually lead to a Langley’s High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) instrument. license and new commercial products from Edison Nation’s inventor community. In 2014, the HSRL flew on Langley’s UC-12 aircraft to validate measurements made by NASA’s Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite In addition, the Office of Innovation maintains Observations mission, as well as measurements of the amount of phytoplankton relationships with its current licensees, present in the ocean. such as Caplan Taylor Enterprises, a local business that licensed SansEC Phytoplankton are responsible for capturing up to 50 percent of the carbon technology from Langley. SansEC, dioxide absorbed by the ocean from the atmosphere, and converting it to oxygen through photosynthesis. It looks like something out of a Transformers movie – a huge robotic arm that moves and spins to pick up massive heads filled with spools of carbon NASA A sample of SansEC, a highly fibers, then moves in preprogrammed patterns to deposit those fibers onto a 40-foot bed. But instead of transforming from machine to Autobot, it can adaptable and wireless sensing transform epoxy and fibers into aerospace structures and parts. Its name is ISAAC, or Integrated Structural Assembly of Advanced Composites. material developed at Langley. 12 13 Economics Economics

Langley Obligations by State Top Business Obligations Economic Impact of NASA in 2014

Jacobs Technology ...... $ 59,255,591 NASA’s Virginia operations generated an economic impact of $3.1 billion in Analytical Mechanics Associates ...... 56,534,171 2014. That compares to $2.9 billion last year. The impact includes the combined Science Systems and Applications ...... 45,913,753 effects of activity at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, and SGT, Inc...... 27,685,907 Wallops Flight Facility on the state’s Eastern Shore. Boeing Company ...... 23,659,468 Direct spending rose in 2014, as illustrated by the chart below. The increase Cornell Technical Services, LLC...... 20,288,141 Exelis, Inc...... 18,409,371 was driven primarily by new projects receiving funding. Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp...... 15,901,406 Gentech Partners Joint Venture ...... 14,123,859 Dominion Virginia Power ...... 9,894,231 NASA Langley Generated the NASA Wallops Generated the Unisys Corp...... 6,208,362 Following Economic Impacts Following Economic Impact Safety & Quality Assurance Alliance ...... 5,338,089 • In the U.S., the economic impact • In the U.S., the economic impact Chugach Federal Solutions, Inc...... 4,958,810 was $2.3 billion that supported 17,610 was $808.5 million that supported Inuteq, LLC...... 4,113,282 jobs. 5,753 jobs. Lockheed Martin Corp...... 3,931,298 Whitestone Group, Inc...... 3,349,208 • In Virginia, the economic impact was • In Virginia, the economic impact was Northrop Grumman Space & Mission Systems .... 2,871,095 $870.2 million that supported 7,394 $248.4 million that supported 2,132 Silicon Graphics Federal, LLC...... 2,791,393 jobs. jobs. Science and Technology Corp...... 2,207,954 • In Hampton Roads, the economic Straughan Environmental, Inc...... 1,738,918 impact was $779.1 million that sup- Alutiiq 3SG, LLC...... 1,725,300 ported 6,544 jobs. Science Applications International ...... 1,722,606 Dyncorp International, LLC...... 1,650,829 Modern Machine and Tool Company, Inc...... 1,502,890 NSR-Integrity Joint Venture, LLC...... 1,383,546 Langley Dollars in Millions $849 $786 $790 $846 $743 $30 Top Nonprofit and Education Obligations $37 $30 $35 $38 Regents of the University of Michigan ...... $ 50,505,434 University of Southern California ...... 919,838 Economic $756 $755 $809 $705 $819 5,753 jobs National Institute of Aerospace Association ...... 20,235,270 The Aerospace Corporation ...... 847,677 Impact from City of Hampton ...... 6,099,716 Research Triangle Institute ...... 718,303 Work for $808.5 million Others U.S. Air Force, Space and Missile System Ctr...... 3,467,281 Old Dominion University Research ...... 652,081 Wallops University of Texas at Austin ...... 2,885,437 Judiciary Courts of the Commonwealth ...... 600,000 Economic 17,610 jobs OSU Center for Innovation and Econ. Dev...... 2,479,268 City of Newport News ...... 528,323 Appropriated Impact from funds US General Services Administration ...... 2,151,006 Universities Space Research Association ...... 484,780 $2.3 billion 2,132 jobs Langley Georgia Tech Research Corp...... 1,613,687 Christopher Newport University ...... 423,801 $248.4 million Regents of the University of Minnesota ...... 1,357,279 University of Iowa ...... 399,985 U.S. Department of the Air Force ...... 1,125,075 University of Maryland, Baltimore County ...... 395,773 Smithsonian Institution ...... 1,061,900 Ohio University ...... 374,992 7,394 jobs U.S. Department of the Army ...... 1,000,000 Pennsylvania State University ...... 372,133 $870.2 million 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 University of Illinois ...... 985,935 Source: NASA and Chmura Economics & Analytics report “The Economic Impact of NASA Virginia Operations for Fiscal Year 2014.” 14 15 Education & Outreach Education & Outreach

From Clouds to Science Cafés, Langley Helps Educate Right: Hampton Mayor George Wallace visited the Langley Child ASA Langley is a strong supporter of science, technology, engineering learn more about weather and climate. (GSST) in Hampton won a nationwide Exploration Design Challenge Development Center to share a and mathematics education from preschool through graduate school sponsored by NASA, Lockheed Martin and the National Institute of book and take a photo for the Langley’s Science Directorate is encouraging the general public and students Nand shares the latest information about its research at a variety of public Aerospace. The challenge asked for a design to provide radiation shielding Global Selfie campaign. to become citizen scientists with Students’ Cloud Observations Online events, web sites and social media. for humans during spaceflight. Their experiment flew into space onboard (S’COOL) and Sky Art. S’COOL participants go to a website to learn when Orion during its first flight. Langley participated in the first Science Festival of Virginia. Organized by the Earth-observing satellites are overhead. They observe the clouds at their Science Museum of Western Virginia and Virginia Tech, the festival showcased location and report the observation online. Sky Art participants take cloud Students at GSST also participated in the High School Students United with the exciting world of science, technology, engineering and mathematics. photos and upload them to a website. NASA to Create Hardware (HUNCH) Extreme Science Program to design Earth: The Ultimate Selfie a robot that could remove dust from surfaces on the International Space Langley researchers, engineers and scientists partnered with the Virginia Air A group of Virginia educators participated in a modeling and simulation On Earth Day this year, NASA asked people all around the world a Station. A second project worked on a design to break down water into & Space Center for Home School Appreciation Day. Home-school families mathematics teacher professional development program. The teachers simple question – “Where are you on Earth Right Now?” saw a moon rock, participated in hands-on activities and learned how to oxygen released to the air and hydrogen that was captured by a fuel cell. The learned the difference between modeling and simulation and how each We asked people to answer the question on social media, with a incorporate NASA content into lesson plans and projects. HUNCH team also flew on a NASA-sponsored zero-gravity flight. technique is applied to NASA research. The teachers plan to use the selfie. The goal was to use each picture as a pixel in the creation of a Members of the Lifelong Learning Society at Christopher experience to inspire students with real-life examples of mathematics in the NASA Langley teamed up with Newport News Shipbuilding for Career Days. “Global Selfie” – a mosaic image that would look like Earth appeared Newport University attended a five-part lecture series workplace. Hampton Roads high school students participated in design challenges from space on Earth Day. called “America’s Human Space Exploration” presented and spent the remainder of their time talking with engineers, scientists and The summer of 2014 saw 260 university students descend on NASA Langley The finished image was built using 36,422 individual photos that were by Langley staff. researchers about their day-to-day work activities. for an intensive 10-week internship. The students worked with mentors on a posted on social media and tagged #globalselfie on or around April Langley’s Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System variety of programs and projects in many of Langley’s research areas. 22. People on every continent – 113 countries and regions in all – or CERES team organized a Science Café for the public. The Virginia Aerospace Science and Technology Scholars academy invited posted selfies. The theme of the discussion was big data and climate 175 rising Virginia high school seniors to Langley. Students were divided into Right: Hampton Roads high school students From Antarctica to Yemen, Greenland to Guatemala, Micronesia science projects. Big data is an accumulation of digital teams that planned part of a mission to Mars. attend an Engineering Career Day sponsored to the Maldives, Pakistan, Poland, Peru – and on. The image was information too large and complex for processing by Newport News Shipbuilding, NASA assembled after weeks of curating more than 50,000 #globalselfie by traditional means. CERES scientists have been More than two-dozen exhibits were set up at the VASC to showcase Langley’s Langley, and Jefferson Lab. submissions from Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Google+ and Flickr. collecting data on the Earth’s ability to absorb and most exciting new technologies during Technology Day for families. reflect the Sun’s light and heat since 1997 to A team from the Virginia Governor’s School for Science and Technology Below: NASA summer interns at a poster The result is a zoomable 3.2-gigapixel image that people can scan session presenting the results of their work. and explore to take a closer look at the variety of pictures. The mosaic is hosted on the web by GigaPan. A few of our local selfies, shown here, made it to the final image.

Above: NASA Social media bloggers were http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/155294 invited to Langley for a tour and remote viewing Left and above: Home schoolers enjoy the Langley exhibits at the Virginia Air & Space Center’s of the Orion launch as part of a campaign to annual Home School Appreciation Day. Above right: A student places a programmable robot on a promote the event. maze for a technology challenge demonstration. 16 17 People People

His Career Started In 4th Grade Education Distribution Associates, More than Doctorate, hen Patrick Taylor caught the bus to Green- Engineers. The awards are the highest honor be- Two Years College 11% Post Doctorate 22% Wwood Elementary School in Millerstown, stowed by the U.S. government on scientists and Pennsylvania, one spring morning in 1992, little did engineers beginning their research careers. High School, Advanced Bachelors, he know that his life was about to change. “I knew I had been nominated,” Taylor said, “but I Study Certificate, Some Post Bachelors Course College: 8% Work 26% Mrs. Benner, his fourth-grade teacher, asked him was really surprised when I was selected.” to take charge of a daily weather log the class was And then, last summer, he was named to the Gov- starting as part of a series of lessons on weather. ernor’s Climate Change and Resiliency Update Masters, Post Masters Course Work, Advanced The task required young Taylor, 10 at the time, to Commission. make sure the daily maximum and minimum tem- Professional Degree 33% peratures were recorded. That’s pretty heady experience for a guy who earned his degree just four years ago. “Every day after lunch for that month I would walk iversity is key to ensuring to the front left corner of the room and read the “I really enjoy my job,” Taylor said. “My favorite part Occupation Distribution said Taylor, a native of Liverpool, Pennsylvania. that a large organization temperature, humidity and wind observations from is creating new knowledge about how energy flows Administrative He has a doctorate in meteorology thanks to Mrs. Dlike NASA Langley succeeds. the weather station’s digital display,” he recalled. through the climate system. As a climate scientist, Professional 23% Benner’s class, and for the last four years has been Langley’s workforce is made up of Technician 11% “Then I would walk to the back right corner of the I’m tasked with learning about the climate system, a research scientist at NASA Langley. He uses his scientists, engineers, technicians, Clerical 2% room and record this data on the bulletin board.” identifying gaps in our knowledge, and then using expertise to analyze climate data from an Earth-or- NASA data to close the knowledge gaps.” administrative professionals, and After that, “my favorite part of the day was always biting instrument called CERES, short for Clouds clerical staff with varying degrees the morning weather forecast,” Taylor said. and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System. What’s the one piece of advice he would give to of education, from high school kids who want to pursue a career in science? degrees to multiple doctorates. “Every morning I would wake up and watch Joe On top of that, Taylor received an award this year Calhoun on WGAL Channel 8 in Lancaster, Penn- for – according to the White House – “exception- “Pursue your passion. Don’t be afraid to ask the In 2014, 1,900 civil service and sylvania. I would make my own forecasts after al early career achievements and innovations that ‘easy’ questions. More often than not, we don’t un- 1,700 contract employees sup- Scientist & Engineer 64% watching Joe. I remember one morning that I fore- have advanced scientific understanding of the derstand these questions well enough.” ported NASA Langley. casted that we would get snow from a storm after Education and occupation distribution numbers apply to 1,895 Earth’s climate system.” As for Mrs. Benner, “I haven’t seen her since I grad- civil servants only. Data is not collected for contractors. watching the radar loop, whereas the forecast was President Obama named five NASA research- uated high school,” he said. “If I saw her again, I for no snow. And it snowed!” ers, Taylor among them, as recipients of the 2012 would tell her how influential her class was to me, “I’ve been hooked on meteorology ever since,” Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and and say thank you.” Below: Langley employees promote breast cancer aware- ness in the Combined Federal Campaign walk/run.

The Faces of Langley

From left to right: Clockwise from top right: Jeremy Shidner, Toni Viudez-Mora, Andreas Beyersdorf and Chelsea Corr, Luther Jenkins, Ken Dudley, Damodar and Manjula Marina Moen. Ambur, Chad Stephens and Kyle Ellis seated, David Palmer, Dennis Bushnell, Al Ragsdale, and Noel Baker. Far left: Lloyd Eldred. 18 19 Milestones Revitalization

Edgar Cortright Phase Two Langley’s newly opened Integrated Engineering Former Langley Center Director Ed Cortright passed away Services Center is a $52-million, 138,000- in May 2014. Under his leadership Langley planned and square-foot facility housing the Engineering, managed two Viking missions to Mars. Viking 1 and 2, each Research, and Systems Analysis and Concepts with an orbiter and lander, sent the first clear photographs of directorates. It also serves as the center’s premiere Mars to Earth. The landers were the first human-made objects collaboration space. The building is the second to soft land on Mars. Cortright was also called upon to lead phase in Langley’s revitalization plan, which the Apollo 13 failure review board, which became known as calls for the construction of eight state-of-the- the Cortright Commission. He became center director in 1968 art facilities and the demolition of several aging and retired in 1975. structures. Over the life of the plan, officials project savings of $105 million in maintenance and utility Sid Pauls costs, and $141 million in deferred maintenance. John Houbolt Former Langley Associate Director Sid Pauls passed away in In Phase One, Langley’s Headquarters, the first October 2014. During his career at Langley he was responsible building in the plan, opened in 2011. Were it not for John Houbolt, the In the original plan, a large rocket for the Manned Orbital Laboratory Life Support System, which United States might never have would fly directly from the Earth to the led to the life support systems for the International Space moon, landing on its tail and blasting landed men on the moon. Station. He worked to establish the Virginia Air & Space Center off the lunar surface for a direct return Houbolt, who died April 15, may have in Hampton and served on its board of directors. He received to Earth. never become a household name, but the Presidential Rank Award for Meritorious Service and retired his ideas and contributions to Apollo “They were going to send a vehicle from NASA in 1995. made it possible to achieve the goal the size of a 100-foot Atlas rocket to the moon with absolutely zero help of landing a crew on the moon and NASA remembers Apollo 11 at 45 safely returning them. and land it backwards,” Houbolt described in a 2008 interview with As a member of the Lunar Mission NASA. “I said, ‘It cannot be done.’” NASA’s Apollo 11 crew landed on the Steering Group, Houbolt had been moon 45 years ago, on July 20, 1969. After a 2-1/2-year debate, Houbolt The world watched as astronauts Neil studying various aspects of space prevailed, and on July 20, 1969, Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin set their rendezvous since 1959 and was lunar module Eagle down in the Sea he watched from the viewing room convinced, like several others at NASA of Tranquility, while crewmate Michael overlooking NASA’s Mission Control Collins orbited above in the command Langley, that lunar-orbit rendezvous as the Eagle, Apollo 11’s lunar module, module Columbia. The agency (LOR) was not only the most feasible landed on the moon. commemorated Armstrong’s “one giant Phase Three Phase Four way to make it to the moon before the leap for mankind” through a number Phase three of Langley’s revitalization plan calls The Measurement Systems Laboratory (left) decade was out, it was the only way. “When the landing took place and of events across, and above, the U.S., touchdown was made ... all of us as well as on the agency’s for construction of a $23-million, 40,000-square- is the fourth phase in Langley’s revitalization Before Houbolt began championing website and NASA foot building called the Computational Research plan. The lab will be a world-class facility for stood up and started clapping,” Television. LOR as the way to go to the moon, Houbolt recalled in a NASA interview. Facility, (not shown) which will provide a research and development of new measurement NASA’s rocket scientists, including “And von Braun sat in front of me, consolidated data center and high-density office concepts, technologies, and systems that Wernher von Braun, envisioned lunar and he did the okay sign and said, space. will enable NASA to achieve its mission in missions of a type now more often ‘Thank you, John.’ That was one of space exploration, science, and aeronautics. associated with early science fiction. the biggest rewards I’ve ever had.” It is the largest of all planned new facilities at 175,000 square feet.

Photo credit/ NASA 20 21 Awards Patents

atrick Taylor, Climate Science Army, GGA, ONERA and the Georgia Branch, received a distinguished paper AWARDS continued oel Campbell, Narasimha Tian-Bing Xu, Ji Su, and Xiaoning Method of Creating Micro-Scale Silver Probe for Surface and Sub-Surface Branch, received the 2012 Institute of Technology that received award from The Adhesion Society for Prasad, Fenton Harrison, and Jiang received patent number Telluride Grains Covered with Bismuth Inspection. P J Nanoparticles. Presidential Early Career Award the Augusta Westland International Novel Epoxy Particulate Composites Carbondale Area Jr./Sr. High School Michael Flood received patent 8,662,412 for Advanced Modified High Brian Stewart received patent for Scientists and Engineers, for Fellowship Award from the American for Mitigation of Insect Residue on in Carbondale, PA, to a crowd of 800 number 8,605,262 for Time Shifted PN Performance Synthetic Jet Actuator Stanley Woodard (deceased) number 8,704,423 for Asymmetric exceptional early career achievements Helicopter Society. Wing Leading Edge Surfaces at the graduates and their guests. Codes for CW LIDAR, RADAR, and with Curved Chamber. received patent number 8,692,562 for Dielectric Elastomer Composite 37th Annual Meeting of the Adhesion SONAR. and innovations that have advanced Kathy Dezern, Office of Strategic Ann Martin, Chemistry & Dynamics Arthur Bradley received patent Wireless Open-Circuit In-Plane Strain Material. scientific understanding of the Earth’s Society. and Displacement Sensor Requiring Analysis, Communications & Business Branch, Lin Chambers, Science Dennis Working, Emilie Siochi, number 8,662,213 for Locomotion of Matthew Rogge and Jason Moore climate system. It is the highest honor No Electrical Connections. Development, received the Outstanding Martin Mlynczak, David Kratz, and Directorate, Margaret Pippin, Chem- Cheol Park, and Peter Lillehei Amorphous Service Robots. received patent number 8,746,076 for bestowed by the United States on received patent number 8,608,993 Technology Transfer Professional Jeff Mast, Climate Science Branch; istry & Dynamics Branch and John William Yost, K. Elliott Cramer, Joel Campbell received patent Shape Sensing Using A Multi-Core scientists and engineers beginning for Mechanically Strong, Thermally Award from The Federal Laboratory Richard Cageao and David Johnson, Baek NOAA’s Office of Education, Daniel Perey, and Keith Williams number 8,693,002 for Fourier Optical Fiber Having an Arbitrary Initial their research careers. Mr. Taylor, Stable, And Electrically Conductive Consortium. Remote Sensing Flight Systems Branch received best poster for The Meta- received patent number 8,671,551 for Transform Spectrometer System. Shape in the Presence of Extrinsic was also selected for the Governor’s and Harri Latvakoski, Utah State Evaluation of NASA Innovations Nanocomposite Structure and Method Qamar Shams and the late Allan Process for Nondestructive Evaluation Forces. Climate Change and Resiliency Update University received best submission in Climate Education (NICE) at the of Fabricating Same. Michael Jones, Mehdi Khorrami, Zuckerwar, Aeronautics Systems of the Quality of a Crimped Wire Commission. for Earth Observing Technologies for American Evaluation Association Meelan Choudhari, and Brian Michael Smith and Kevin Jordan Engineering Branch, received the Lawrence Prinzel III, Alan Pope, Connector. Howerton received patent number received patent number 8,753,578 for Rosemary Baize, Science Directorate, The Far-Infrared Spectroscopy of the annual conference. Olafur Palsson, and Marsha Turner Agency’s Invention of the Year award Allan Zuckerwar (deceased) and 8,695,915 for Flap Side Edge Liners Apparatus for the Production of Boron was selected as the federal gov- Troposphere (FIRST) Instrument: New received patent number 8,628,333 for The Portable Infrasound Detection Mary Gainer, Standard Practice & Qamar Shams received patent for Airframe Noise Reduction. Nitride Nanotubes. ernment’s representative for the Technology for Measuring Earth’s for Method And Apparatus For System. Environmental Engineering Branch, number 8,671,763 for Sub-Surface International Women’s Foundation Energy Balance and Climate Change Performance Optimization Through Keith Gordon, Jin Ho Kang, Cheol Noah Schiller, Randolph Cabell received NASA’s Environment and Windscreen for Outdoor Measurement Fellowship. Dan Oostra, Atmospheric Science Steve Jurczyk receives the Small Business Administrator’s Cup from NASA for the inaugural edition of Earthzine, an Physical Perturbation of Task Park, Peter Lillehei, and Joycelyn and Daniel Perey received patent Energy Blue Marble Award. of Infrasound. Data Center, and Danny Mangosing, online IEEE publication. Harrison received patent number number 8,760,039 for Compact Active James Crawford, Chemistry & Administrator Charles Bolden and Associate Administrator for Small Business Elements. Atmospheric Composition Branch, won The Langley Graphic Information Thomas Ivanco received patent 8,696,940 for Negative Dielectric Vibration Control System for a Flexible Dynamics Branch, was selected to Programs, Glenn Delgado. Keith Lynn, Aeronautics Systems Stanley Woodard (deceased) a 2014 IT Labs Project Call Award for System team led by Brad Ball, number 8,672,107 for Compact Constant Material Based on Ion Panel. serve on The International Global Engineering Branch, Ray Rhew, Laser received patent number, 8,636,407 their proposal, Cloud Based HTML5 David Wing, Crew Systems & Aviation Aeroelasticity Branch; Glenn Hrinda, Resource Management Office, Vibration Damper. Conducting Materials. Remote Sensing Branch, Michael Constantine Lukashin and Bruce Atmospheric Chemistry project’s Toolkit (CBHT). Operations Branch; Thomas Prevot, Vehicle Analysis Branch; Zhuosong received NASA’s Environment and for Wireless Temperature Sensor Mehdi Khorrami, David Lockard, Wielicki received patent number Scientific Steering Committee. NASA Ames; Timothy Lewis, Crew Wang, student intern, Structural Acheson, Technologies Application Energy Blue Marble Group Award. Having No Electrical Connections and R. Roy Whitney, Kevin Jordan, Michael Little, Atmospheric Science Branch, Gregory Jones and William and Michael Smith received patent James Moore, Ji Su, Travis Turner, 8,767,210 for Method for Ground-To- Neil Frink, Configuration Aerodynamics Systems & Aviation Operations Mechanics & Concepts Branch; Robert Sensing Method for Use Therewith. Data Center, along with two other co- Milholen, Configuration Aerodynamics NASA Langley was awarded as a number 8,673,120 for Efficient Boron John Lin, Karen Taminger, Seun Space Laser Calibration System. Branch, received the AIAA Aero- Branch; Lynne Martin, San Jose State Martin, Engineering Methods Branch Michael Czech, Russell Thomas, authors from JPL and Ames, won a Branch, and Scott Goodliff, Subsonic/ Virginia Department of Environmental Nitride Nanotube Formation via Kahng, and Scott Verden received dynamics Award. University; Sally Johnson, NASA and Alicia Kim, University of Bath, and Patrick Taylor, Climate Science Travis Turner, Mehdi Khorrami, 2014 IT Labs Project Call Award for Transonic Testing Branch received Quality Environmental Excellence Combined Laser-Gas Flow Levitation. patent number 8,695,925 for Langley; Christopher Cabrall, San UK, received the AIAA 2014 Collier Branch, was selected for the David Lockard, Martin McKenney, Jeremy Shidner, Atmospheric Flight their proposal, Cloudbursting− Solving the AIAA Best Ground Testing Paper Program Sustainability Partner. Elastically Deformable Side-Edge Link Jose State University; Sean Commo, Research HyperSizer/AIAA Structures Governor’s Climate Change and Stanley Woodard (deceased), Donald Raymond Atherley, and Reggie and Entry Systems Branch, received the the 3-Body Problem. for Trailing-Edge Flap Aeroacoustic Systems Engineering and Engineering Best Paper Award for Structural by the AIAA Ground Testing Technical NASA Langley received the Diamond Resiliency Update Commission. Oglesby, and Bryant Taylor received Kidd received patent number Peninsula Engineers Council Engineer Noise Reduction. Robert Starr, Project Manager for Methods Branch; Jeffrey Homola, San Assessment of Advanced Composite Committee for High-Reynolds Number Excellence Award for 10 years of patent number 8,673,649 for Wireless 8,763,958 for Multi-Element Airfoil of the Year Award, the AIAA Hampton Samuel Miller and Kurt Severance NASA’s Digital Learning Network Jose State University; Manasi Sheth- Tow-Steered Shells at the 54th AIAA/ Active Blowing Semi-Span Force perfect compliance from the Hampton Chemical Sensor and Sensing Method Stanley Smeltzer III and Eric System. Roads Section Engineer of the Year received patent number 8,655,094 for (DLN), was inducted into 2014 class Chandra, NASA Langely; Joey Mercer, ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Measurement System Development. Roads Sanitation District for Use Therewith. Lundgren received patent number Award, and the AIAA Region 1 Engineer Photogrammetry System and Method Kenneth Dudley, Holly Elliott, John of the United States Distance Learning San Jose State University, and Susan Structural Dynamics and Materials D. M. Murphy, S. Solomon, R. W. 8,697,216 for Systems, Apparatuses, of the Year Award. for Determining Relative Motion Stephen Smith, John Newman, Connell, Joseph Smith, Jr., Sayata Association’s Hall of Fame. Morey, San Jose State University Conference. and Methods for Using Durable Portmann, and K. H. Rosenlof, NOAA Between Two Bodies. Robert Piascik, and Edward Ghose, Kent Watson, and Donovan Jeremy Pinier, Configuration Aero- Adhesively Bonded Joints for The Speed Agile Powered-Lift received Best Paper in Session for Luca Cantu, Emanuela Gallo and Earth System Research Laboratory; P. Glaessgen received patent number Delozier received patent number dynamics Branch, received the Doug Michael Vanek received patent Sandwich Structures. Demonstration Team with members Pilot and Controller Evaluations of Andrew Cutler, George Washington M. Forster, University of Leeds and 8,679,642 for System for Repairing 8,790,773 for Tailorable Dielectric Ensor Award for Young Professional of number 8,655,513 for Methods of Real from U.S. Air Force Research Lab, Separation Function Allocation in University, and Paul Danehy, Advanced T. Wong, Climate Science Branch, Cracks in Structures. Robin Southward, Donavon Material with Complex Permittivity the Year, from the Peninsula Engineers Air Traffic Management at the USA/ received the NOAA Oceanic and Time Image Enhancement of Flash Delozier, Kent Watson, Joseph Characteristics. NASA, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Sensing & Optical Measurement Tian-Bing Xu, Xiaoning Jiang, and Ji Council and the SLS SE&I Technical Europe Air Traffic Management Atmospheric Research outstanding LIDAR Data and Navigating a Vehicle Smith, Jr., Sayata Ghose, and Advanced Technologies, Inc. and Branch, received the AIAA Aerodynamic Su received patent number 8,680,749 Alan Pope, Chad Stephens, and Contribution Award. Research and Development Seminar. paper for An Observationally Based Using Flash LIDAR Data. John Connell received patent Williams International received the 56th Measurement Technology Technical for Piezoelectric Multilayer-Stacked Nina Blanson received patent Energy Balance for the Earth Since 1950 Leonard Weinstein and Karen number 8,703,235 for Preparation of Jeffrey Cerro, Vehicle Analysis Branch, Annual Aviation Week Laureate Award Steve Koczo, Rockwell Collins, Inc., Committee’s Best Paper Award for Hybrid Actuation/Transduction number 8,827,717 for Physiologically published in the Journal of Geophysical Taminger received patent number Metal Nanowire Decorated Carbon was elected Honorary Fellow of the in Aeronautics and Propulsion. and David Wing, Crew Systems & Dual-Pump CARS Of Air In A Heated System. Modulating Videogames or Research. Allotropes Society of Allied Weight Engineers Aviation Operations Branch, were Pressure Vessel Up To 55 Bar and 1300 8,658,004, for Vapor-Barrier Vacuum Simulations Which Use Motion- Randy Bailey and Lynda Kramer, Travis Turner, Roberto Cano, and received the president’s award in awarded best in session at the 32nd K presented at SciTech2014. Oliver Wong, received best paper at Isolation System. Michael Jones, Brian Howerton Sensing Input Devices. Crew Systems & Aviation Ops Branch, Richard Silcox, Ralph Buehrle, recognition of leading the committee to Digital Avionics Systems Conference the American Helicopter Society 68th Donald Thomsen III, Robert Cano, and Thomas Van De Ven received and Tim Etherington, Rockwell Collins, Christopher Wohl, Joseph Smith, Christopher Cagle, Randolph Cabel, Eliott Radcliffe, Ahmed Naguib, and plan the society’s “Journey to the 21st (DASC) for the paper An Operational Annual Forum for Blade Tip Pressure Brian Jensen, Stephen Hales, and patent number 8,708,272 for Landing were part of the RTCA SC-213 Team John Gardner, and Ronald Penner, and George Hilton received patent William Humphreys received patent Century.” Safety and Certification Assessment of Measurements Using Pressure Sensitive Joel Alexa received patent number Gear Door Liners for Airframe Noise that received the 2014 Aviation Week Advanced Materials & Processing number 8,683,807 for Jet Engine number 8,848,942 for Acoustic Beam a TASAR EFB Application. Paint. 8,661,653 for Methods of Making Reduction. Susan Gorton, Aeronautics Research Laureate Award for Avionics and Branch; John Connell, Projects & Exhaust Nozzle Flow Effector. Forming Array Using Feedback- Mission Directorate Projects, was Systems. Chauncey Wu, Structural Mechanics Engineering Branch, and Emilie Siochi, David Piatak, Aeroelasticity Branch, Z-Shielding. Russell Wincheski and John Controlled Microphones for Tuning Hyun-Jung Kim, Sang Choi, Glen part of a team that included the US & Concepts Branch; Bret Stanford, Advanced Materials & Processing gave the commencement speech at Simpson (deceased) received patent and Self-Matching of Frequency King, Yeonjoon Park and Kunik Lee number 8,717,012 for Eddy Current Response. received patent number 8,691,612 for 22 23 Roundup Roundup

NASA/Sandie Gibbs

Above: A simulated aircraft accident was staged at Langley. It was a Multiple Agency Response Exercise Above: The aerodynamics team at Langley tested a involving the Emergency Operations Center, Joint Base model of the 70-metric-ton Space Launch System — Langley–Eustis, and the City of Hampton. The crash site NASA’s heavy-lift launch vehicle that will carry crew, involved a controlled fire, loud noises, and smoke as well cargo and science missions into deep space. as a couple of simulated casualties. Right: Technicians perform a structural inspection Above right: These various shapes and forms are made of Langley’s Landing and Impact Research Facility. up of a highly adaptable sensor material referred to as The National Historic Landmark is used as a vehicle SansEC. It’s an open-circuit, resonant sensor developed structural testing complex. Better known as the gantry, by the late Langley researcher Stanley Woodard. SansEC it was built in 1963 to train astronauts to land on the needs no electrical connections, can simultaneously moon. Since then, the 240-foot-high structure has been measure different physical phenomena — temperature used to crash test aircraft so changes can be made to and fluid level, for example — and functions even when improve crashworthiness. Orion crew capsule mock-ups badly damaged. also are tested here and in the adjacent Hydro Impact Basin. Right: Can an aircraft with electric motors that hovers like a helicopter and flies like a plane revolutionize air travel? Left: Langley engineer Mike Logan thought it would be a Engineers at NASA Langley are studying the concept good idea to use drones to spot wildfires after a 2011 fire with models such as the unmanned aerial system GL-10 in the Great Dismal Swamp that lasted four months and Greased Lightning, shown here. The GL-10, with a 10- cost more than $10 million to extinguish. Langley now has foot wingspan, recently flew while tethered. Free-flight an agreement with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to tests are planned. test a drone for that purpose. 24 Leadership

How to Contact Us Office of Strategic Analysis, Communications and Business Development: 757 864-3000

Government Relations 757 864-2505

Doing Business with Langley 757 864-1178

Website: http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/nasalarc

Twitter: https://twitter.com/NASA_Langley

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/NASALANGLEY

Flickr: https://www.flickr.com/photos/50196521@N03/ From left to right: Associate Director Virginia Wycoff, Center Director Stephen Jurczyk, and Deputy Director David Bowles.

VASC Virginia Air & Space Center

Four astronaut crew capsules went on display this year at the Virginia Air & Space Center, Langley’s official visitor center. U.S.Navy A combined U.S. Navy and NASA team recovered the Orion capsule and transferred From left: an Orion mock-up, (partially it to the USS Anchorage after splashdown in the Pacific Ocean on Dec. 5. hidden) the Apollo 12, the Mercury 14, and a Gemini test capsule. This is the first museum collection to exhibit all four U.S. space capsules. Above: Kids test the new Space Racers exhibit at the Virginia Air & Space Center.

http://www.vasc.org