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104 Students' Navigation of Multiple Selves Within Risky Alcohol Students’ Navigation of Multiple Selves within Risky Alcohol Consumption Contest: A Danger Signal to COOU Capacity Building Obikeze, Chinedum O. Department of Marketing, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Igbariam, Anambra State, Nigeria [email protected] ABSTRACT This study on alcohol consumption by students in Anambra State University is aimed at exploring the rationale and the risk associated with alcohol consumption contest in an academic environment especially during official hours of the day. Survey method of research design was adopted, whereas literature survey, observation and the questionnaire were proportionately employed to source data from both primary and secondary sources. A convenient sample of 1150 was drawn. Generated data were presented in tables and analyzed with percentile method, and factor analysis. It was revealed that students’ heavy alcohol consumption is for belongingness (social acceptance) and show-off in the main. The study also found significant relationship between heavy alcohol consumption and risk behaviours, such as poor academic performance, loose life styles and cult engagements. It was therefore recommended that Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University with all other Nigerian universities should promulgate necessary laws stopping the sale and consumption of alcohol on the campuses between 06.00 am and 06.00pm daily or forbid it out rightly; all strategic promotional offers of free drinks and the like should be banned in and around academic institutions of higher learning; COOU in particular should partner with corporate and private individuals to provide adequate hostel accommodation for all students, this will help to check-mate and curtail students’ excesses in all respects; and that the staff especially the teaching staff should be the role model they supposed to be to the students. Key Words: Anambra State University, alcohol consumption and academic environment INTRODUCTION Alcohol is a substance called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol or pure spirits (ethanol) which are formed as wine or hard cider. An alcohol drink is any drink or beverage that contains ethyl alcohol in intoxicating quantities. www.Drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/alcohol briefly described ethyl alcohol or ethanol as an intoxicating ingredient found in beer, wine and liquor. en.m.wikipedia.org noted that an alcohol beverage is a drink that typically contain 3% to 40% alcohol. Alcohol are drinks such as beer, wine, etc that can make people drunk. The 8th Edition of Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary described alcohol as the clear liquid that is found in drinks such as beer, wine, etc and is used in medicine, cleaning products, etc. Alcohol is as old as human history and its consumption in different socio-cultural milieus extends beyond the last ten thousand years (Smart, 2007), its consumption has been considered normal especially when drunk without outright intoxication in Africa and other parts of the globe. Nkereuwem and Nkpa (2014) are of the opinion that serious and risky alcohol use among university students has become a serious public health issue in Nigeria. College drinking is the consumption of alcohol by students on the campus of any college or university (Pedersen and Josephy, 2009). The age at which it is illegal to drink varies by country and affects whether college/university drinking is considered illegal, eg United States where it is illegal for those under the age of 21 to drink in Nigeria the legal voting age of 18 is implied by the drinking age. Brazy (2010) frowned at bing drinking which according to him occurs when students drink large amounts of alcohol in a relatively short space of time in order to feel the full effects of alcohol consumption. Back to history, Dumbili (2014) inferentially observed that the pattern of use, the users and reasons for alcohol consumption are rapidly changing especially among young drinkers. To him, alcohol consumption is no longer solely regulated by the custom and tradition of the people, and it is no longer reserved for social gathering or entertainment of a guest alone. Adewuya (2005) in Nkereuwem and Nkpa, 2014) stated that current estimates of university students’ drinking patterns suggest that nearly 40% of university students engage in bing drinking consuming at least 4 to 5 drinks in one sitting with men tending to bing drink more frequently than women. He further noted from research reports of African Journal of Education, Science and Technology, May, 2017 Vol 3, No. 4 104 Obot (2000), Chikere and Mayowa (2011) that 37% of university students in the country meet diagnostic criteria for either alcohol dependence or alcohol abuse. Adewuya (2005), Obot and Ibanga (2012), Rotimi (2005), and Adewuya, Chikere and Mayowa (2011) reported numerous negative consequences of heavy alcohol consumption in the university student populations. These include injuries, death, sexual misbehavior and academic problems such as missing classes/lectures, poor performance in tests, lower grades and cultism among other alcohol related problems. Dumbili (2013) observed that drinking of alcohol was culturally tolerated as part of ceremonial lives of many ethnic groups in what is now known as Nigeria especially in communities where it was not forbidden by religion…. Chikere and Mayowa (2011) insisted that in recent decades the pattern, quantity and reason for consumption are changing rapidly especially among youths. Effiong (2012) highlighted sense of self-esteem and self-respect among others as the benefits that accrue through education. It is then highly worrisome how students’ bing drinking (with the attendant risks) collaborate with the stipulation “a” of National Policy on Education (2013:54) development of high level manpower within the context of the needs of the nation. Against this backdrop, this study aims at awakening the COOU family /community on this sad drinking habits of the students, and call for prompt remedial action that will enthrone appropriate capacity building. List of Alcoholic Beverages Alcoholic Beverages are drinks containing ethanol (alcohol) and are divided into the classes namely bears, wine, and spirits. They are legally consumed in most countries. Over 100 countries have laws regulating their production, sale and consumption, and specific legal drinking age 16 – 21. Most countries set it at 18 years of age, (Hobgood 2009). Below is the list of alcoholic beverages; List of Alcoholic Beverages (Determined by their Raw Materials) Grains Name of fermented beverage Name of distilled beverage Barley Beear, aley barley wine Scotch whisky, irish whiskey, shōchū (mugi ōchū) (Japan) rye rye beer, Kvass rye whiskey, rodka (Poland), Korn (Germany) Corn Chichi, corn beer, tesguino Bourbon whiskey, moonshine, also rodka (rare) Sorghum Brukutu (Nig.), pito (Ghana), mensa (Southern Maotai, goaliang, certainather types of Sudan), bilibili (Chad Central African, baijiu (China) Cameroon Wheat Wheat beer Horilka (Ukraine), rodka, wheat whiskey, weizenkorn (Germany) Rice Beer, brem (Bali) huangjiu & choujiu (China), Aila (Nepal), rice baijiu (China), Shōchū Ruouguo (Vietnam), sake (Japan) sonti (India), (Komejōchū) and awamoñ (Japan), soju makgeotti & chungiu (Korea) tuak (Borneo (Korea) Island) thown (Nepal) Millet Millet beer (Subsaharan Africa), tongba (Nepal, Tibet) boza (The Balkans, Turkey Bckw heat fruits Shōchū (sobajōchū) (Japan) Grapes Wine Brandy, cognac (france), Vermouth, Armagnac (france), Branntwein (Germany) Pisco (pery, Chile), (Grozdora) Rakia (The Balkans, tuskey), singani (Bolivia), Arak (Syria, Lebanon, Jordan) torkolypalinka (hungany) Apples Cider (us: a hard cider), aptelwein Applejack (or apple brandy), calvados, cider Pears Perry or pear cider poire (France) Poire Williams, pear brandy, Eau-de-vie (France), patinka (Hungany), Knishova rakia/Krushevitsa (Bulganria). African Journal of Education, Science and Technology, May, 2017 Vol 3, No. 4 105 Plums Plum wine Slivovitz, tucia umeshu, palinka, slivora rakia/slivorisha (Bulgaria) Apricols Kaisiera rakia (Bulgaria), Palinka (Hungany). Pineapples Tepache (mexico) pinapple wine (hawail) Luniper berries Gin, borovieka Bananas or Chuoihit (Vietnam_ cauim (Kuna Indian) of plantain Panama, urgwagwa (Uganda, Rwanda), mbege (with millet malt; Tanzarai). Kasikise (wilth sorghum malt; Democratic republic of the congo Gougi Gougi jiu (China) Gougi jiu (China) Coconut Toddy (Sri Lanka, India) Arrack, lambanog (Sri lanka, Indian Philippines) Ginger with Ginger ale, ginger beer, ginger wine sugar, ginger with raisins Myrica rubra Yangmeijiu (China) Yangmei jiu (China) Pomace Pomace wine Raki / ouzo/pastis/sambuca (Turkey/Greece/france/Italy), tsipouro/tsikoudia (Greece), grappa (Italy), Trester, (Germany), marc (france), orujo (Spain), Zivania (Cyprus) Sap of palm Coyol wine (central America), tembo (sub- saharan Africa), toddy Indian subcontinent Sap of Arenga Fuk (Indonesia) Arrack pinnata, Coconut, Borassus flabellifer Honey Mead, horilka (Ukraine), tei (Ethiopia) Distilled mead, honey flavoured liquer Molk Kumis, Kefir, bland Arkhi (Mongolia Sugar Kilju & mead or sima (Finland) Shōchū (Kokutō Shōchū): made from brown sugar (Japan) Fermented beverages founders’ old curmudgeon old ale a hard cider produced in Michigan State, us Palmirine is collected, fermented & stored in calabashes in Bandundes province, democratic, Republic of the Congo Cassava Saliva – fermented beverages Tiquira (Brazil) - cauim - chichi: throughout the Amazon basin, inchiding - interiors of Brazil, Ecuador, pene & Venezuela, Chichi is
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