Appendix 23: Environmental Class Assessment Appendix 23

Figure 18: Municipal Class Environmental Assessment Planning and Design Process, shows the workflow necessary to meet the Municipal Class Environmental Assessment requirements that are applicable to this Pedestrian Mobility Plan study. The overall approach to the Pedestrian Mobility Plan reflects the following key principles of successful Environmental Assessment planning1: • “Consultation with affected parties early in and throughout the process” • “Consideration of a reasonable range of alternatives” • “Identification and consideration of the effects of each alternative on all aspects of the environment” • “Systematic evaluation of alternatives in terms of their advantages and disadvantages to determine their net environmental effects” • “Provision of clear and complete documentation of the planning process followed, to allow 'traceability' of decision‐making with respect to the project”. Phase 1 identifies the problems and opportunities associated with the City's pedestrian mobility network. Phase 2 develops alternative solutions to address the identified problems and opportunities, with consideration for the existing environment and input from the public and regulatory agencies. The workflow incorporates one discretionary and two mandatory points of contact with the public. The public are invited to participate and submit comments on this study through various mediums, including on‐line mapping, surveys, and Public Information Centres. In the end, a Plan document is prepared for a minimum 30‐day public review period. A Notice of Study Completion will be advertised in the Hamilton Spectator and local community newspapers to announce the 30‐day review period. Part II of the Environmental Assessment Act refers to the Ministry of Environment’s review and approval for individual environmental assessments. The Class Environmental Assessment provision that enables the public to request the Minister of Environment to order the City to comply with Part II of the Environmental Assessment Act is not applicable to this Pedestrian Mobility Plan study. This Pedestrian Mobility Plan recommends a process for selecting toolbox solutions and policy changes versus a list of individual projects for implementation. Future projects that are initiated as a result of this process may require further Class Environmental Assessment review for which separate public review periods will be completed.

1 Municipal Engineers Association., “Municipal Class Environmental Assessment”, October 2000, as amended in 2007, pg. A‐2.

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Appendix 23

This section describes the evolution of transportation improvements from pre‐European settlement to the present emphasizing pedestrian activity. It concludes with a summary of existing pedestrian conditions that forms the basis for the assessment of the Pedestrian Mobility Plan.

Movement in the City of Hamilton is defined by valleys, rivers, //Lake , and . Aboriginal communities developed an elaborate network of trails for traditional harvesting purposes around and through these features. Early European settlement clustered around Escarpment waterfalls which generated energy to power gristmills. These waterfall communities were often interconnected and accessed by trails. Some of these trails were incorporated into streets and highways (parts of Main Street and #8 Highway).

As more settlers arrived, land was surveyed into grids with county and township roads constructed in a manner prescribed by early legislation and maintained by early settlers, township, county and colonial governments. Many surveys began along Cootes Paradise, Hamilton Harbour and with lots and roads organized in grids surveyed from these shores.

Dundas and Hamilton developed ports accessed by the Desjardins and Burlington Canals. Rail service began in the 1800’s, while urban radial passenger services and inclines in Hamilton and on the Escarpment moved people and goods in and through this emerging industrial centre. Commercial ferries moved people from Hamilton to the Beach Strip recreational facilities, Burlington and beyond. Significant pedestrian activity was associated with rail and ferry services.

Residential neighbourhoods were organized so pedestrians could access work and services on foot or in combination with public transit, especially in the older City located south Bay Front Park and in Dundas. As the City grew, the Chedoke Spencer Creek and Red Hill Valleys, the Harbour and Niagara Escarpment framed transportation facilities development as both scenic background and physical barriers.

The automobile helped transcend these barriers. In the 1920’s, the car became the preferred transportation mode and new and older streets and highways were designed to facilitate vehicular movement. The (QEW) was built in the

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1930s under the direction of Hamilton’s Thomas McQuesten, Provincial Minister of the Department of Transportation. Highways 6, 8, 20 and 403, as well as mountain accesses, the high level bridge and the lift bridge/skyway spanned the Desjardins and Burlington Canals.

Before and after the First World War, the Hamilton Parks Board set aside many of Hamilton’s scenic amenities as parks (i.e. Kings Forest, Gage Park). Cootes Paradise was set aside as a wildlife preserve. Special attention was given to roadways, trails and parks on the Niagara Escarpment, to be coordinated with civic facilities (i.e., a hospital and public arenas) solidifying recreation/leisure and walking linkages.

Highway #2, on Burlington Heights, was the main entrance to the City. McQuesten, then a member of the Hamilton Board of Parks Management, advocated acquiring and cleaning up Burlington Heights. The Heights were transferred to the Parks Department and a design competition was held for a new bridge and landscape restoration. Teams lead by Carl Borgstrom and John Lyle won this competition.

Their designs integrated pedestrian and vehicle movement between Cootes Paradise/Hamilton Harbour, and public lands on the Heights and Royal Botanical Gardens. While their original bridge design wasn’t implemented in the depression, a scaled down version was built. Today, pedestrian access between the public lands on the Heights and Harbour and Cootes Paradise proposed so many years ago has been provided recently.

The balance between public rail/streetcar transit, automobile and truck and pedestrian modes began to shift as the automobile gained dominance. In the late 40’s, the first Hamilton Official Plan recommended removing street cars and rail lines from City streets to enable faster vehicle movement and in higher volumes. Pedestrian activity associated with radial rail service declined. For example, Westdale village was serviced by electric trolley service until the early 50’s when this infrastructure was removed. The QEW replaced #2 Highway and Burlington Heights as the major City access.

The advance of the automobile culminated in a transportation plan by C. C. Parker (a Hamilton engineering firm) and Parsons, Brinkerhoff (a New York City engineering firm). This innovative plan used traffic computer modeling software and recommended the Lincoln Alexander and Red Hill Creek Parkways and other major traffic facilities. It

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focused on vehicular movement with public transit playing a secondary role. However, no mention is made of pedestrian movement and cycling.

Hamilton’s downtown renewal incorporated pedestrian designs providing for elevated pedestrian corridors: separating walking from street levels and vehicular traffic. Some of these corridors remain (i.e., the walkway between Jackson Square and the Convention Centre and Art Gallery across King Street and the open plazas above Jackson Square). Buildings turned their backs to speeding one way traffic on adjoining streets. Recent Art Gallery renovations providing street level access have addressed in part these architectural designs. Not all designs work as intended.

In the late 1950’s and 1960s a system of one way streets and signalling along major east/west and north/south streets in the lower City was implemented. At the time, several transportation awards were issued to the City for the manner in which these expedited traffic in an efficient manner. Some of the streets have reverted back to two way flows in order to focus more attention and encourage a livelier street life.

Physical Environment Physiography Information regarding the City of Hamilton’s physiography was taken from the Nature Counts Project Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory (2003) and The Soils of Wentworth County (Report No. 32 of the Ontario Soil Survey). The City of Hamilton’s physiography is largely represented by the following landform features:2 1. Western Lake Ontario Shoreline and Hamilton Harbour embayment; 2. Niagara Escarpment cuesta which generally runs parallel to and is set back, approximately 2km from the shoreline. Elevations at the escarpment range from 150m to 335m above sea level3; and 3. Dundas Valley which is described as a major, partially buried bedrock valley in the shoreline and Escarpment.

2 Dwyer, Jill, and Jay Lindsay, and Brian McHattie, and Cathy Plosz., “Nature Counts: Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory Summary Report” in Nature Counts Project Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory, 2003 , pg. I. 3 Present, E. W., and R. E. Wicklund, and B. C. Matthews., “The Soils of Wentworth County”, Report No. 32 of the Ontario Soil Survey, 1965, pg. 17.

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During the last glaciation period, a series of glacial lakes deposited clay, silt and sand sediments in the southern part of Hamilton. A major glacial ridge called the Galt Moraine lies along the northwestern edge of this area. In the northern part of Hamilton, glaciers formed various landforms including moraines and drumlin fields.4 The area along the Lake Ontario shoreline is known as the Iroquois Plain. This area extends from Lake Ontario to an elevation of 110m above sea level. Surface features within this area have been influenced by the fluctuating levels of Lake Ontario and the former glacial Lake Iroquois. The area is gently sloping while the bench between the former Lake Iroquois shoreline and escarpment is represented by rolling topography.5 6 The physiographic features above the escarpment consist of bedrock plains in Flamborough (e.g., Flamborough Plain), sand plains in Ancaster, and clay plains in Glanbrook (e.g., Haldimand Clay Plain).7 8 Geology Information regarding the geology in the City of Hamilton was taken from The Soils of Wentworth County (Report No. 32 of the Ontario Soil Survey).9 At the time of the soils survey, Wentworth County generally represented the current boundaries of the City of Hamilton. Bedrock formations in Hamilton are comprised of dolomite, shale and sandstone. Most of the bedrock formations in the City are of the Silurian age. The Cataract and Clinton Groups are exposed along the Niagara Escarpment and Dundas Valley. The Cataract Group consists of red and gray sandstones and shales while the Clinton Group consists of gray sandstone, dolomite and limestone, with black shale. The Lockport formation occupies an area immediately above the Escarpment and the Amabel formation occupies an area north of Waterdown in Flamborough. The two formations consist of

4 Dwyer, Jill, and Jay Lindsay, and Brian McHattie, and Cathy Plosz., “Nature Counts: Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory Summary Report” in Nature Counts Project Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory, 2003 , pg. I. 5 Dwyer, Jill, and Jay Lindsay, and Brian McHattie, and Cathy Plosz., “Nature Counts: Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory Summary Report” in Nature Counts Project Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory, 2003 , pg. I. 6 Present, E. W., and R. E. Wicklund, and B. C. Matthews., “The Soils of Wentworth County”, Report No. 32 of the Ontario Soil Survey, 1965, pg. 17. 7 Dwyer, Jill, and Jay Lindsay, and Brian McHattie, and Cathy Plosz., “Nature Counts: Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory Summary Report” in Nature Counts Project Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory, 2003, pg. I. 8 Present, E. W., and R. E. Wicklund, and B. C. Matthews., “The Soils of Wentworth County”, Report No. 32 of the Ontario Soil Survey, 1965, pg. 17‐18. 9 Present, E. W., and R. E. Wicklund, and B. C. Matthews., “The Soils of Wentworth County”, Report No. 32 of the Ontario Soil Survey, 1965, pg. 15‐17.

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white, gray and brown dolomites. These formations display karst features in the Waterdown and Taplytown area. The Guelph formation occupies the remaining areas of the Hamilton Mountain (e.g. Flamborough, Ancaster and Glanbrook/Binbrook) and consists of light gray dolomites. The area between the base of the escarpment and the Lake Ontario shoreline, including the Dundas Valley, is occupied by the Queenston formation of the Ordivician age. Rocks of the Queenston formation consist of red mudstone with occasional bands of greenish siltstone. Soils Information regarding soils in the City of Hamilton was taken from The Soils of Wentworth County (Report No. 32 of the Ontario Soil Survey)10. As indicated above, the soils of Wentworth County were deposited during the Winsconsin glaciation. As a result, glacial lake deposits of sand, silt and clay occur in the southwestern part of the City. Dense grayish clay till occurs above the escarpment in the southeastern part of the City. A grayish‐brown silty clay occurs in areas near the escarpment and a silt loam to silty clay loam till occurs in areas near the Dundas Valley. Light brown loam and stoney loam till occurs in the northwestern part of the City in the Galt moraine and drumlinized region. Sand and gravel outwash are associated with the drumlins and moraine across the northern part of the City. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada maintains an inventory of rural land called the Canada Land Inventory (CLI).11 Soil capability for agriculture is mapped and rated by seven classes, where Class 1 soils represent the highest capability and Class 7 soils represent the lowest capability to support agricultural land uses. A relatively large portion of the soils in rural Hamilton are classified as Class 1 or 2, which have no to moderate limitations for the use of crops.12 Soils of higher agricultural capability are generally situated in the south while good agricultural soils are interspersed with bedrock outcrops, and poorly drained organic soils in the north. Hamilton generally exhibits a wide distribution of reasonably drained, gentle sloping, productive agricultural soils. Natural Environment

10 Present, E. W., and R. E. Wicklund, and B. C. Matthews., “The Soils of Wentworth County”, Report No. 32 of the Ontario Soil Survey, 1965, pg. 19‐20. 11 Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada., http://res.agr.ca/cansis/nsdb/cli/intro.html Modified 2011‐ 05‐10. Accessed on July 19, 2011. 12 Canada Department of Agriculture., Canada Land Inventory. Soil Capability for Agriculture. 30M. Cartography by the Soil Research Institute, Research Branch, Canada Department of Agriculture and Capability Classification by the Ontario Soil Survey with the support of ARDA, Canada Department of Forestry and Rural Development. Base map and printing by the Surveys and Mapping Branch, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources. Ottawa. 1968.

HAMILTON PEDESTRIAN MOBILITY PLAN 7 of 32 Appendix 23

Natural Heritage System The City of Hamilton’s Natural Heritage System consists of several core areas and linkages within the urban and rural areas of the City. These natural core areas and linkages are defined in Schedule B of the Urban Hamilton Official Plan (2009) (under appeal). Core areas include key natural heritage and hydrological features as well as locally and provincially significant natural areas. Linkages provide connectivity between the core areas to help maintain the ecological function of natural core features. 13 14 The Official Plan (2009) sets out policies for the protection and restoration of natural features and their functions. Permitted uses within the core areas are limited. Of note to this study is the permitted use of passive recreation and small scale structures for recreational use, such as boardwalks and footbridges. These uses must adhere to the applicable policies of the local Conservation Authority and any identified negative impacts must be reduced or mitigated. Natural Areas Natural Areas within the City of Hamilton are described in the Nature Counts Project Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory (2003).15 The natural areas of Hamilton include woodlots, wetlands, wildlife reserves, escarpment lands, ravines, and greenspace. The largest natural areas are associated with the extensive bedrock plain in Flamborough, the Niagara Escarpment, and Dundas Valley. Smaller natural areas represent woodlots, plantations and old field habitats. Early conservation efforts included the establishment of Cootes Paradise as a wildlife sanctuary, King’s Forests in the Red Hill Creek and park development along the Niagara Escarpment. Environmentally Significant Areas The City of Hamilton describes an Environmentally Significant Area (ESA) as a local natural area that serves essential ecological or hydrological functions.16 ESAs may support habitat for rare species of vegetation or wildlife and may have unique landscapes or geological features. ESAs may also be designated by the Ministry of

13 City of Hamilton., “Urban Hamilton Official Plan”, MMAH Modified – March 2011, Chapter C – City Wide Systems and Designations, C.2, pg. 1 and 3 of 10. 14 City of Hamilton., "Rural Hamilton Official Plan", MMAH Modified ‐ July 2009, Chapter C ‐ City Wide Systems and Designations, C.2, pg. 3 and 4 of 13. 15 Dwyer, Jill, and Jay Lindsay, and Brian McHattie, and Cathy Plosz., “Nature Counts: Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory Summary Report” in Nature Counts Project Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory, 2003, pg. II. 16 City of Hamilton., http://www.hamilton.ca/CityDepartments/PlanningEcDev/Divisions/Planning/CommunityPlanning /NaturalHeritage/. Includes "Map of the ESAs in the City" in the Regional Official Plan. Accessed on July 19, 2011.

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Natural Resources (MNR) as Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest or Provincially Significant Wetlands. The City has 81 ESAs within its boundaries (see Table 18). The composition of these ESAs varies from wetlands/swamps to prairie, alvar and escarpment habitat. Figures 19: Natural Heritage System and 20: Natural Heritage System – Urban shows the general location and area of ESAs in the City of Hamilton. Table 18: Environmentally Significant Areas in the City of Hamilton (ESAs)

• Mountsberg Wetlands • Dundas Valley • Sinclairville North and Wildlife Centre Woodlot • Carlisle North Forests • Cootes Paradise • Hamilton Golf and Country Club • Flamborough Swamp • Borer' Falls ‐ Rock Chapel • Fifty Creek Valley • Bronte Creek Ravine • • Jerseyville Road Woodlot • Carlisle Swamp • Iroquoia Heights • Community Beach Conservation Area Ponds • Wyatt Road Wetland • Tiffany Creek • Copetown Bogs Headwaters • Medad Valley • Hamilton Escarpment • North Seneca Wetland • Waterdown North • Hamilton Harbour • Copetown Ballpark Wetlands Woodlot • Waterdown Woods • Hamilton Beach Strip • Trinity Southeast Woodlot • Grindstone Valley • Van Wagner's Ponds • Copetown Woods ‐ Summit Wetland

• Clappison Woods • Stoney Creek Ravine • Duff's Comers South Woodlot • Millgrove South • Redhill Valley • Curran's Swamp ‐ Woodlot Dunmark Lake • Hayesland Swamp • Felker's Falls Escarpment • Ancaster Prairie • Harper Corners East • Devil's Punch Bowl • Jerseyville Northwest Wetland Escarpment Woods • Haper Corners Drumlins • Vinemount South • Lynden Southeast Complex Woods • Freelton Esker – • Saltfleet Northeast • Lynden South Woods Wetland Complex • Puslinch Southeast • Vinemount Quarry • Big Creek Headwaters

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Swamp Complex • Beverly Swamp • Tweedside Northeast • Harrisburg – Troy Woodlot Swamp • Fletcher Creek Swamp • Tweedside Woodlot • Troy Northeast Woodlot Forest • Valens Conservation • Falco Woods • Christie Conservation Area and Drumlin Field Area • Sheffield Complex • Woodburn Floodplain • Fourth Concession and Forest Wetland • Rockton Northeast • Twenty Mile Creek • Spencer Gorge Woodlot Floodplain • Hyde/Rockton/Beverly • Hannon Floodplain • Fairchild Creek Complex Forests • Patterson Tract • Glanford Station West • Donald Farm Complex Wetland • Rockton – Westover • Binbrook Southwest Area • Sager Road Woodlot Complex • Westover Lowland • Welland River Meanders • Hayseland complex Forest and Drumlin Field • Strabane Southwest • Glanford Station • Rockton Airfield West Drumlins Northeast Woods • Westover Drumlin Fields

Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest The MNR defines an Area of Natural and Scientific Interest (ANSI) as an area of land and water with significant geological and biological features.17 Earth Science ANSIs have significant geological features that are characteristic of Ontario’s evolving landscape. Life Science ANSIs have significant biological features which reflect the natural landscapes of 14 natural regions in Ontario.

17 Ministry of Natural Resources., Conservation Land Tax Incentive Program. Types of Conservation Land. http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/CLTIP/2ColumnSubPage/STEL02_167425.html Accessed on July 12, 2011.

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The MNR’s Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC) maintains a database of rare species, vegetation communities, and natural areas in Ontario.18 A geographic query of MNR’s NHIC database on July 12, 2011 listed 28 ANSIs in the City of Hamilton: Nine (9) Earth Science ANSIs of provincial significance and 19 Life Science ANSIs of regional or provincial significance (see Table 19)19. The general location and area of ANSIs in the City of Hamilton are shown in Figures 19: Natural Heritage System and 20: Natural Heritage System ‐ Urban. Table 19: Areas on Natural and Scientific Interest in the City of Hamilton

Earth Science ANSIs of Provincial Significance

• Devil’s Punch Bowl • Old Dundas Quarry – PA‐36 • Dundas Valley • Old Neilson Quarry • Eramosa Karst • Spencer Gorge • Freelton Esker • Westover • King City Quarry

Life Science ANSIs of Provincial Life Science ANSIs of Regional Significance Significance

• Beverly Swamp • Ancaster Creek Valley • Bronte Creek Escarpment Valley • Ancaster Prairie • Clappison Escarpment Woods • Fletcher Creek Swamp Forest • Cootes Paradise Drowned Valley • Mountsberg Wildlife Centre • Dundas Valley Forests • North Vinemount Escarpment • Grindstone Creek Valley • Rock Chapel – Borer’s Falls Escarpment • Medad Valley • Twenty Mile Creek Meanders B • Sinclairville Meander Basin Swamp • Twenty Mile Creek Meanders C • Spencer Gorge • Sulphur Creek Valley • Summit Bog

18 Ministry of Natural Resources., Natural Heritage Information Centre Database. http://nhic.mnr.gov.on.ca/. Modified November 2, 2009. Accessed on July 12, 2011. 19 Ministry of Natural Resources., Biodiversity Explorer. https://www.biodiversityexplorer.mnr.gov.on.ca/nhicWEB/mainSubmit.do Last Updated July 30, 2010. Accessed on July 12, 2011.

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Provincially and Non‐Provincially Significant Wetlands A geographic query of MNR’s NHIC database on July 12, 2011 listed 27 wetlands in the City of Hamilton: eighteen (18) provincially significant and nine (9) non‐provincially significant wetlands (see Table 20).20 The City of Hamilton’s Stormwater Master Plan (2007) identified 25 of the wetlands listed in Table 20.21 The referenced source in the Master Plan was dated 1998, which suggests an increase in the number of wetlands over the past 13 years. As described in the Master Plan, wetlands cover an area of over 7,500 ha and most are located in the northern part of the City. The general location and area of wetlands are shown in Figures 19: Natural Heritage System and 20: Natural Heritage System ‐ Urban. Table 20: Provincially and Non‐Provincially Significant Wetlands in the City of Hamilton

Provincially Significant Non‐Provincially Significant

• 20 Mile Creek ‐ Wetland • Carlisle Wetland Complex • Binbrook Conservation Area – • Dunmark Lake – Currans Swamp Wetland • Cootes Paradise Complex – Wetland • Harrisberg East Swamp • Copetown Bog ‐ Wetland • Highview Swamp • Fairchild Creek Headwaters Complex • Logies Creek Wetland Complex • Flamborough Centre Complex • North Carlisle Swamp • Fletcher Creek Swamp – Crieff Bog • North Progreston Swamp • Hayesland – Christie Wetland • North Seneca Swamp ‐ Wetland Complex • Lake Medad Valley Swamp – Wetland • Troy Swamp • Lower Mountsberg Creek Complex – Wetland • Sheffield‐Rockton Wetland Complex

• Sinclairville Meander Basin Swamp – Wetland

20 Ministry of Natural Resources., Biodiversity Explorer. https://www.biodiversityexplorer.mnr.gov.on.ca/nhicWEB/mainSubmit.do Last Updated July 30, 2010. Accessed on July 12, 2011. 21 City of Hamilton., “City of Hamilton Stormwater Master Plan ‐ Class Environmental Assessment Report (City‐wide)”, Prepared by Aquafor Beech Limited for the City of Hamilton, 2007, pg. 12.

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• Tiffany Creek Headwaters Wetland Complex • Valen’s Reservoir and Swamp – Wetland • Van Wagner’s Marsh

• Vinemount Swamp

• Welland River Area 4 – Wetland

• Welland River Area 5 – Wetland

Wetlands are widespread in Flamborough due to the presence of relatively undisturbed lowland forest on poorly drained, shallow and rocky soils. Broadleaf, mixed and cedar swamps are found in the forest. Riparian marshes/swamps, small slough forest remnants, shoreline marshes, and some kettle bogs are also present in the Flamborough area.22 Niagara Escarpment The Niagara Escarpment is described as “a massive ridge of fossil rich sedimentary rock” which formed along the edge of the former Michigan Basin about 450 million years ago. The Escarpment extends from Niagara through Hamilton to Tobermory for a distance of 725 km.23 24 In Hamilton, the Niagara Escarpment Plan Area (NEPA) covers 12,105 hectares, which amounts to 10% of the City’s lands.25 The unique landform runs parallel to the Lake Ontario shoreline and is set back approximately 2 km from the Lake26. Three sites along Hamilton’s Escarpment are notable for their geological features: Webster’s Falls and Tew’s Falls in the Spencer Gorge Conservation Area of Dundas; and Devil’s Punch Bowl Conservation Area in East Hamilton/Stoney Creek.27

22 Dwyer, Jill, and Jay Lindsay, and Brian McHattie, and Cathy Plosz., “Nature Counts: Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory Summary Report” in Nature Counts Project Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory, 2003, pg. I‐II. 23 Niagara Escarpment Commission., “The Niagara Escarpment Plan”, Office Consolidation, 2011, pg. 6. 24 Niagara Escarpment Commission., http://www.escarpment.org/home/index.php. Accessed on July 19, 2011. 25 Niagara Escarpment Commission., “Niagara Escarpment Plan Statistics”, 2007, pg. 1 and 3. 26 City of Hamilton., “City of Hamilton Stormwater Master Plan Class Environmental Assessment Report (City‐wide), Prepared by Aquafor Beech Limited for the City of Hamilton, 2007, pg. 9 and 35. 27 Niagara Escarpment Commission., “Niagara Escarpment Plan Statistics”, 2007, pg. 1 and 3.

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In 1990, the Niagara Escarpment was designated as a World Biosphere Reserve by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). This designation is honoured in areas where a balanced relationship exists between humans and the biosphere.28 The Niagara Escarpment is managed by the Niagara Escarpment Commission and any trail improvement on the Escarpment would need approval from the Commission. Plant and Wildlife Communities The City of Hamilton is situated within the transition zone of the Eastern Deciduous Forest Region (Carolinian Zone) and the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Forest Region. As a result, Hamilton consists of a variety of flora and fauna which represent species that are either at or near the limits of their geographic range.29 Many of the remaining Carolinian communities are situated on undisturbed and regenerating portions of the Niagara Escarpment, Hamilton Harbour and Cootes Paradise. The Cootes to Escarpment planning effort, initiated by stakeholders led by the Royal Botanical Gardens, addresses a study area with one of the richest biotic diversity in Canada. The Nature Counts Project Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory (2003) provides a checklist of plant and wildlife species in Hamilton.30 A summary of species is included in Table 21. Table 21: Summary of Plant and Wildlife Species in the City of Hamilton

Species Group Total Species Species of Significance Vascular Plants 1,430 Native species (949): 366 regionally rare species 110 regionally uncommon species 82 rare species in Ontario 4 endangered species in Canada 2 endangered species in Ontario 2 threatened species in Canada 3 species of special concern

28 Niagara Escarpment Commission., http://www.escarpment.org/home/index.php. Accessed on July 19, 2011. 29 Dwyer, Jill, and Jay Lindsay, and Brian McHattie, and Cathy Plosz., “Nature Counts: Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory Summary Report” in Nature Counts Project Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory, 2003, pg. I. 30 Dwyer, Jill, and Anthony G. Goodban, and Alan Wormington, and William G. Lamond, and George A. Coker, and Bruce Duncan, and Bob Curry, and Kara Vlasman., “Species Checklists” in Nature Counts Project Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory, 2003 , pg. 1‐6 to 1‐7 and 4‐9 and 5‐4 to 5‐5 and 7‐11 and 6‐8 to 6‐9.

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Mammals 46 Rare/uncommon: Southern Flying Squirrel Ater Shrew Least Shrew Northern Flying Squirrel Woodland Vole Snowshoe Hare Ermine and River Otter Hairy‐tailed Mole Woodland Jumping Mouse Eastern Cougar Breeding Birds 176 Highly significant species (61): 57 rare native species 1 uncommon species 17 nationally and provincially significant species 47 uncommon, moderately significant native species Herptofauna 531 Nationally Threatened: Jefferson Salamander Common Musk Turtle Eastern Spiny Softshell Species of Special Concern:32 Common Map Turtle Eastern Milksnake Northern Ribbon Snake Locally Threatened: Eastern Spiny Softshell Common Musk Turtle Northern Ribbon Snake Common Mudpuppy Jefferson Salamander Common Map Turtle Four‐toed Salamander

31 Three (3) herptofauna and two (2) triploid hybrid salamanders 32 Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC)

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Fish 98 Nationally Significant: Redside Dace Bigmouth Buffalo Black Redhorse The above information was supplemented by two geographic queries of the MNR’s NHIC database on July 12, 2011.33 The first query listed four (4) rare plant communities in the City of Hamilton: • Bulblet Fern ‐ Herb Robert Open Shaded Limestone / Dolostone Cliff Face Type • Dry Herbaceous Limestone / Dolostone Talus • Fresh Sugar Maple Deciduous Forest Type • Sugar Maple Moist Treed Limestone Talus Type

Relative to surrounding communities, the City exhibits a higher proportion of upland wetland and alvar habitats situated between the Paris/Galt Moraines and the Waterdown Moraine on the Flamborough plain, where drainage is impeded by flat terrain and drumlin fields on bedrock plains located on the edge of the Niagara Escarpment. Of particular note is the location of Alvar and Tallgrass Prairie as shown in Schedule B‐3 of the Hamilton Official Plan.34 These two plant communities are found mostly within the western portion of Hamilton. The second query of the NHIC database listed 122 rare wildlife species in the City of Hamilton.35 The list is represented by a variety of wildlife including mammals, birds, reptiles and turtles, amphibians, fish, slugs and snails, dragonflies and damselflies, butterflies and sippers, dicotyledons, monocotyledons, ferns and fern allies, and lichens. Table 22 shows the number of species assigned to a particular status as defined by the MNR for Species at Risk in Ontario and by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC).36

33 Ministry of Natural Resources., Biodiversity Explorer. https://www.biodiversityexplorer.mnr.gov.on.ca/nhicWEB/mainSubmit.do Last Updated July 30, 2010. Accessed on July 12, 2011. 34 City of Hamilton., “Urban Hamilton Official Plan”, MMAH Modified – March 2011, Schedule B‐3. 35 Ministry of Natural Resources., Biodiversity Explorer. https://www.biodiversityexplorer.mnr.gov.on.ca/nhicWEB/mainSubmit.do Last Updated July 30, 2010. Accessed on July 12, 2011. 36 Ministry of Natural Resources., Biodiversity Explorer. https://www.biodiversityexplorer.mnr.gov.on.ca/nhicWEB/mainSubmit.do Last Updated July 30, 2010. Accessed on July 12, 2011.

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Table 22: Wildlife Species at Risk in the City of Hamilton

Status Number of Species assigned Number of Species assigned by by MNR COSEWIC

Endangered 22 24

Extirpated 1 1

Not at Risk 3 5

Special 13 10 Concern

Threatened 7 6

The MNR assigns the status for Species at Risk in Ontario, as follows:37 Endangered Candidate species for regulation under the Ontario Endangered Species Act because their extinction or extirpation is imminent in Ontario Extirpated Species that no longer exist in wilderness areas but may occur in other areas Not at Risk Species that are not at risk Special Concern Species that are sensitive to human or natural events Threatened Species that are at risk of being evaluated as endangered in Ontario The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) assigns the status of rare wildlife species in Canada using similar definitions as above. The noted difference is species of special concern, which are defined as species that may become threatened or endangered due to a mix of “biological characteristics and identified

37 Ministry of Natural Resources., Natural Heritage Information Centre Database. http://nhic.mnr.gov.on.ca/. Modified November 2, 2009. Accessed on July 12, 2011.

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threats”. The status definitions were derived from the MNR NHIC database on July 12, 2011.38 Aquatic Environment As described in the Nature Counts Project Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory (2003), the City’s aquatic environment includes the Lake Ontario shoreline zone, Hamilton Harbour and Cootes Paradise embayment, several small stream systems, natural and artificial ponds, and dugouts.39 In addition, Hamilton has four inland reservoirs with dams. These are described in the City of Hamilton Stormwater Master Plan (2007) as the Christie Reservoir and Valens Reservoir in the Spencer Creek watershed, the Mountsberg Reservoir in the Bronte Creek watershed, the Lake Medad Reservoir in the Grindstone Creek watershed and the Binbrook Reservoir or Lake Niapenco in the Welland River watershed.40 The International Joint Commission (I.J.C.) has identified Cootes Paradise, Hamilton Harbour and the as a Great Lakes Area of Concern. These areas require the development and implementation of Remedial Action Plans to address degraded environmental conditions.41 Watersheds The City of Hamilton consists of 15 watersheds that drain a total area of 131,000 ha. Each watershed consists of a major creek and associated tributaries, which ultimately flow into Lake Ontario, Cootes Paradise, Hamilton Harbour, the Niagara River, the Grand River and/or Lake Erie.42 43 As identified in Table 23, the management of Hamilton’s 15 watersheds falls under the jurisdiction of four conservation authorities: the Hamilton Conservation Authority, Conservation Halton, the Grand River Conservation Authority, and the Niagara Peninsula

38 Ministry of Natural Resources., Natural Heritage Information Centre Database. http://nhic.mnr.gov.on.ca/. Modified November 2, 2009. Accessed on July 12, 2011. 39 Dwyer, Jill, and Jay Lindsay, and Brian McHattie, and Cathy Plosz., “Nature Counts: Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory Summary Report” in Nature Counts Project Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory, 2003 , pg. I. 40 City of Hamilton., “City of Hamilton Stormwater Master Plan ‐ Class Environmental Assessment Report (City‐wide)”, Prepared by Aquafor Beech Limited for the City of Hamilton, 2007, pg. 32. 41 City of Hamilton., “City of Hamilton Stormwater Master Plan ‐ Class Environmental Assessment Report (City‐wide)”, Prepared by Aquafor Beech Limited for the City of Hamilton, 2007, pg. 13. 42 City of Hamilton., “City of Hamilton Stormwater Master Plan ‐ Class Environmental Assessment Report (City‐wide)”, Prepared by Aquafor Beech Limited for the City of Hamilton, 2007, pg. 9 and 24 and 31. 43 City of Hamilton., “City of Hamilton Stormwater Master Plan ‐ Class Environmental Assessment Report (City‐wide)”, Prepared by Aquafor Beech Limited for the City of Hamilton, 2007, pg. 11.

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Conservation Authority .44 45 The boundaries of each watershed and conservation district within the City of Hamilton are shown on City mapping. Table 23: Watersheds in the City of Hamilton

Watershed Area Drainage Conservation Authority (hectares) System Bronte Creek 8,901 Lake Ontario Conservation Halton Grindstone Creek 7,088 Hamilton Conservation Halton Harbour Borer’s Creek 2,092 Cootes Hamilton Conservation Paradise Authority Spencer Creek 36,249 Cootes Hamilton Conservation Paradise Authority Chedoke Creek 2,658 Cootes Hamilton Conservation Paradise Authority Red Hill Creek 6,912 Hamilton Hamilton Conservation Harbour Authority Stoney Creek 3,079 Lake Ontario Hamilton Conservation Authority Stoney Creek 3,491 Lake Ontario Hamilton Conservation numbered Authority watercourses Sulphur Creek 4,128 Lake Ontario Hamilton Conservation Authority Forty Mile Creek 1,986 Lake Ontario Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority Twenty Mile Creek 10,985 Lake Ontario Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority Welland River 10,534 Niagara River Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority Big Creek 12,473 Grand River Grand River Conservation and Authority Lake Erie

44 Dwyer, Jill, and Jay Lindsay, and Brian McHattie, and Cathy Plosz., “Nature Counts: Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory Summary Report” in Nature Counts Project Hamilton Natural Areas Inventory, 2003, pg. I. 45 City of Hamilton., “City of Hamilton Stormwater Master Plan ‐ Class Environmental Assessment Report (City‐wide)”, Prepared by Aquafor Beech Limited for the City of Hamilton, 2007, pg. 11.

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Fairchild Creek 17,421 Grand River Grand River Conservation and Authority Lake Erie

The City of Hamilton recognizes watershed planning as an important part of land use and infrastructure planning.46 Hamilton’s Official Plan (2009) includes policies for the development of watershed plans and master drainage plans, in cooperation with the local conservation authorities and other stakeholders/agencies. Drainage Drainage below the Niagara Escarpment is mostly organized from the Escarpment face to Lake Ontario. Streams and their ravines within the old City have been piped. Approximately a third of the original harbour was filled in and built upon. Remnants of this shore include Windemere Basin and portions of the Statherne slip. Drainage over the Niagara Escarpment is impeded by glacial moraines which funnel the drainage parallel to the Escarpment to openings in the Moraine and over the Niagara Escarpment. Twenty Mile Creek, the Red Hill Creek, Borer’s Creek and Grindstone Creek drain areas parallel to the Niagara Escarpment before passing over Escarpment waterfalls on their way to Lake Ontario. Ancaster and Spencer Creeks drain into Cootes Paradise through the Dundas Valley and Crook’s Hollow. The Spencer Creek rises on the Galt Moraine and flows through the Flamborough Plain through several wetland complexes. Fletcher’s Creek rises in the glacial sand deposits located at the head of the Dundas valley and flows westwards into the Grand River. The Welland River (Chippewa Creek) rises in the southern limits of these glacial sand deposits in the vicinity of John Munroe International Airport and flows in an easterly direction eventually into the Welland Canal. Within the City’s urban areas, many watercourses that once flowed over the Escarpment face through steep ravines to the Harbour now drain through sewers and their ravines have been filled and leveled although subsurface flows still follow these ancient channels to the lake.

46 City of Hamilton., “Urban Hamilton Official Plan”, MMAH Modified – March 2011, Chapter C – City Wide Systems and Designations, C.2, pg. 8 of 10.

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Appendix 23

Socio‐Economic Environment Regional Context The City of Hamilton covers an area of 1,117 km2 at the southwestern end of Lake Ontario.47 The City’s neighbouring areas include Lake Ontario and the Regional Municipality of Halton (Town of Milton and City of Burlington) to the north; Brant County (Townships of South Dumfries, Brantford and Onondaga) and Haldimand County (Town of Haldimand) to the south; Wellington County (Township of Puslinch) and the Regional Municipality of Waterloo (Township of North Dumfries) to the west; and the Regional Municipality of Niagara (Town of Grimsby and Township of West Lincoln) to the east.48 Hamilton’s geographic location in the heart of Ontario’s provides for convenient access to the provincial highway network and railway system, which connects Hamilton to destinations in Ontario, Canada and the US. Hamilton is also suitably located to handle the largest shipping traffic of all the Great Lakes Ports through the Port of Hamilton at Lake Ontario. In addition, the City supports the largest courier and cargo air traffic via the John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport located on the southwest Hamilton Mountain.49 50 51 Population and Employment The City of Hamilton’s total population is 504,550 according to the 2006 Statistics Canada Census; Eighty‐two percent (82%) of Hamilton’s population is older than 15 years of age.52

47 Hamilton Economic Development Office., Why Hamilton Quick Facts.http://www.investinhamilton.ca/why‐ hamilton/quick‐facts.html. 2007‐2011. Accessed on July 19, 2011. 48 City of Hamilton., Map Produced by GIS Services Section, Information Technology Services. 2010. 49 Hamilton Economic Development Office., Why Hamilton Location Advantage/Maps. http://www.investinhamilton.ca/why‐hamilton/location‐advantage‐maps.html. 2007‐2011. Accessed on July 19, 2011. 50 Hamilton Economic Development Office., Why Hamilton Top Ten Reasons. http://www.investinhamilton.ca/why‐hamilton/top‐ten‐reasons.html. 2007‐2011. Accessed on July 19, 2011. 51 Hamilton Economic Development Office., Why Hamilton Quick Facts. http://www.investinhamilton.ca/why‐hamilton/quick‐facts.html. 2007‐2011. Accessed on July 19, 2011. 52 Statistics Canada., 2006 Community Profiles. 2006 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 92‐591‐XWE. Released March 13, 2007. http://www12.statcan.ca/census‐recensement/2006/dp‐pd/prof/92‐591/index.cfm?Lang=E Accessed on July 19, 2011.

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Appendix 23

Hamilton follows the cities of Toronto, Ottawa and Mississauga with the fourth largest population in Ontario.53 The City’s population increased by 2.91% from 2001 to 2006 and is expected to grow to 660,000 by 2031. Most of the growth between 2001 and 2006 occurred in Ancaster and Glanbrook while most of the future growth is expected to continue in Flamborough (Waterdown), Glanbrook (Binbrook) and Upper Hamilton.54 55 Hamilton has an employed labour force of 231,850 people over 15 years of age; of this amount, 14,700 people use walking or biking as a mode of transportation to their place of work.56 At present, the top five employers in Hamilton include the Corporation, The Corporation of the City of Hamilton, ArcelorMittel Inc., US Steel Canada and McMaster University.57 The Provincial Growth Plan forecasted an increase in Hamilton’s employment to 300,000 by 2031.58 Land Use Hamilton is divided into an urban and rural area. The urban area is comprised of employment, community, and residential uses. Most of the urban area is built‐up with the exceptions of Binbrook and some vacant residential/employment lands. The rural area is comprised of 19 settlement areas; agricultural, recreational and tourism uses; and natural environmental features.59 60 61

53 City of Hamilton., Facts and Figures. 2006 Census Highlights for the City of Hamilton. http://www.hamilton.ca/CityDepartments/PlanningEcDev/Divisions/StrategicServicesSpecialProjects/GISPl anningAnalysis/FactsandFigures.htm. Accessed on July 19, 2011. 54City of Hamilton., Facts and Figures. 2006 Census Highlights for the City of Hamilton. http://www.hamilton.ca/CityDepartments/PlanningEcDev/Divisions/StrategicServicesSpecialProjects/GISPl anningAnalysis/FactsandFigures.htm. Accessed on July 19, 2011. 55 City of Hamilton., “Growth Related Integrated Development Strategy: Growth Report”, Completed by Dillon Consulting Limited for the City of Hamilton, 2006, pg. 6 and 9. 56 Statistics Canada., 2006 Community Profiles. 2006 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 92‐591‐XWE. Released March 13, 2007. http://www12.statcan.ca/census‐recensement/2006/dp‐pd/prof/92‐591/index.cfm?Lang=E Accessed on July 19, 2011. 57 Hamilton Economic Development Office., Why Hamilton Quick Facts. http://www.investinhamilton.ca/why‐hamilton/quick‐facts.html. Accessed on July 19, 2011. 58 City of Hamilton., “Growth Related Integrated Development Strategy: Growth Report”, Completed by Dillon Consulting Limited for the City of Hamilton, 2006, pg. 6. 59 City of Hamilton., “Hamilton Transportation Master Plan Class Environmental Assessment Report”, Completed by IBI Limited for the City of Hamilton, 2007, pg. 16. 60 City of Hamilton., “Rural Hamilton Official Plan”, MMAH Modified – July 2009, Chapter A – Introduction, A.1, pg. 1 of 4. 61 City of Hamilton., “Urban Hamilton Official Plan”, MMAH Modified – March 2011, Chapter A – Introduction, A.1, pg. 1 of 4.

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Appendix 23

Hamilton is an amalgamated City comprised of six communities with respective downtown and commercial areas. Many of the commercial areas are recognized as Business Improvement Areas (BIAs), where an attractive physical environment is considered an important contributor to the success of local businesses. Hamilton has 13 Business Improvement Areas. These include Ancaster, Barton Village, Concession Street, Dundas, Downtown Hamilton, International Village, King Street West, Locke Street, King Street Esplanade, Ottawa Street, Stoney Creek, Waterdown, and Westdale.62 The urban structure of Hamilton is comprised of neighbourhood areas, employment areas, major activity centres, and major open space centres. Within the urban structure there are a hierarchy of nodes connected by primary and secondary corridors. 63 64 Local Economy The business development aspect of the City’s Economic Development Strategy (2010‐2015) is based on six (6) industrial sectors:65 1. Advanced Manufacturing. The dominant industries in Hamilton’s manufacturing sector are steel, automotive parts, food and beverage products, warehousing and distribution, building products/aggregates and chemicals.66 2. Agriculture and Food Processing. 3. Clean Technology. Power generation from renewable sources and water and wastewater treatment technologies are two key areas for investment.67 4. Creative Industries. Examples include Film/Video/Broadcasting, Design and Digital Media, Music, Festivals and Events, Performing Arts and Visual Art.68 5. Goods Movement. Hamilton is a prime gateway in North America for goods movement, logistics and distribution.69

62 City of Hamilton., “Hamilton Economic Development Strategy 2010‐2015 Executive Summary”, City of Hamilton Economic Development, 2010, pg. 11. 63 City of Hamilton., “Urban Hamilton Official Plan”, MMAH Modified – March 2011, Chapter E – Urban Systems and Designations, E, pg. 1 of 1. 64 City of Hamilton., “Urban Hamilton Official Plan”, MMAH Modified – March 2011, Chapter E – Urban Systems and Designations, E.2, pg. 12 of 12. 65 City of Hamilton., “Hamilton Economic Development Strategy 2010‐2015 Executive Summary”, City of Hamilton Economic Development, 2010, pg. 5 and 18‐23. 66 City of Hamilton., “Hamilton Advanced Manufacturing Industry Profile”, Developed by urbanMetrix inc. for the City of Hamilton Economic Development Division, 2006, pg. 04. 67 City of Hamilton., “CleanTech”, pg. 2. 68 City of Hamilton., “City of Hamilton Draft Economic Development Strategy 2010”, 2009, pg. 67. 69 City of Hamilton., “Goods Movement”, City of Hamilton Economic Development, pg. 2.

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6. Life Sciences. This industry refers to biotechnology, particularly in the health sector.70

Hamilton is among Ontario’s five largest manufacturing centres, contributing approximately $17 billion dollars per year into the Provincial economy or 3% of Ontario’s Growth Domestic Product.71 72 The main types of manufacturing in Hamilton include primary metals, fabricated metal products, machining, transportation equipment, electrical equipment and food and beverage operations.73 Manufacturing is the largest industry group in Hamilton.74 Agriculture is another important contributor to the local economy. Large areas of the land in Hamilton are considered to be prime agricultural land. The industry’s annual impact on the local economy exceeds $1.26 billion. Based on Statistics Canada information, Hamilton had 975 farms in 2006 which occupied 133,205 acres of land. The major farm commodities included greenhouse product, poultry and egg, nursery products and sod, mushroom, dairy, vegetables, small grain and the horse and pony sectors.75 76 In addition to the above industry sectors, four post‐secondary institutions contribute to the local economy through education, research, workforce training and innovation. These include McMaster University, , Redeemer University College and Columbia International College. The main campus of McMaster University is located in West Hamilton while the Columbia International College is located in downtown Hamilton. The main Fennell Campus of Mohawk College is located on the West Hamilton Mountain and Redeemer University College is located in Ancaster.77 78 79 80 Cultural Environment Cultural Heritage Properties

70 City of Hamilton., “City of Hamilton Draft Economic Development Strategy 2010”, 2009, pg. 90. 71 City of Hamilton., “ Economic Development Strategy 2010‐2015 Executive Summary”, City of Hamilton Economic Development, 2010, pg. 18 72 City of Hamilton., “City of Hamilton Draft Economic Development Strategy 2010”, 2009, pg. 19. 73 City of Hamilton., “City of Hamilton Draft Economic Development Strategy 2010”, 2009, pg. 19. 74 Hamilton Economic Development Office. Why Hamilton Quick Facts. http://www.investinhamilton.ca/why‐ hamilton/quick‐facts.html. 2007‐2011. Accessed on July 19, 2011. 75 City of Hamilton., “City of Hamilton Draft Economic Development Strategy 2010”, 2009, pg. 32 and 49. 76 City of Hamilton.,“ Economic Development Strategy 2010‐2015 Executive Summary”, City of Hamilton Economic Development, 2010, pg. 19. 77 McMaster University. http://www.mcmaster.ca/. 2011. Accessed on July 19, 2011. 78Mohawk College. http://www.mohawkcollege.ca/. 2004‐2011. Accessed on July 19, 2011. 79Redeemer University College. http://www.redeemer.ca/. 2011. Accessed on July 19, 2011. 80 Columbia International College. http://www.cic‐totalcare.com/en/. 2008. Accessed on July 19, 2011.

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Appendix 23

Volume 1 of the “Hamilton’s Heritage” series (2007) lists properties in Hamilton that have been designated by the City under the Ontario Heritage Act as properties having heritage value.81 The Ontario Heritage Act is provincial legislation that governs the conservation and protection of cultural heritage resources in Ontario.82 83 The Act applies to the conservation and protection of archaeological, historical and architectural resources. Two hundred and forty‐one (241) Hamilton properties are designated individually under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act. These designated properties are sited throughout the former municipalities of Ancaster, Dundas, Flamborough, Glanbrook, Hamilton and Stoney Creek. At least 12 of these individual properties have been recognized nationally. Three hundred and fifty‐five (355) properties are collectively designated within seven heritage conservation districts under Part V of the Act. The seven districts include the Cross‐Melville area in the former municipality of Dundas; the Durand‐Markland, Hamilton Beach, MacNab‐ Charles, St. Claire Avenue, and St. Claire Boulevard areas in the former City of Hamilton; and the Mill Street area in the former Town of Flamborough. Cultural Heritage Landscapes and Historic Architectural Buildings Volume 2 of the “Hamilton’s Heritage” series (2002) includes an inventory of cultural heritage landscapes and historic/architectural buildings of interest, as identified by the six former municipalities in Hamilton.84 The inventory listed 33 cultural heritage landscapes and numerous historic/architectural buildings of interest throughout the amalgamated City. Among the listed cultural heritage landscapes are the relatively well‐known areas of Bayfront Park, Chedoke Park (Civic Golf Course), , Gage Park, Gore Park, Hamilton Beach Strip, McMaster University (Historic Core), Red Hill Creek Valley, Royal Botanical Gardens, Sam Lawrence Park, and Whithern. Archaeological Sites Based on the general information provided in Volume 4 of the “Hamilton’s Heritage” series (2004), over 900 archaeological sites have been found throughout the urban, suburban and

81City of Hamilton., “Heritage Volume 1 Second Edition: List of Designated Properties and Heritage Conservation Easements under the Ontario Heritage Act”, City of Hamilton Planning and Development Department, 2007, pg. 1 and 6 ‐36. 82 City of Hamilton., “Heritage Volume 1 Second Edition: List of Designated Properties and Heritage Conservation Easements under the Ontario Heritage Act”, City of Hamilton Planning and Development Department, 2007, pg. 1. 83 Ontario Heritage Act. R.S.O. 1990., Chapter O.18. Last amendment 2009, c. 33, Sched. 11., s. 6. 84 City of Hamilton., “Hamilton’s Heritage Volume 2: Inventory of Buildings of Architectural and/or Historical Interest”, City of Hamilton Planning and Development Department, 2002, pg. 1‐2 and 6‐104.

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rural areas of the City.85 These sites have been included in the Ontario Archaeological Sites Database maintained by the Ministry of Culture. They represent various types of historic uses, such as burial grounds, homesteads, campsites for habitation and hunting, and areas of ceramic/pottery artifacts. Other Cultural Heritage Resources According to Volume 6 of the “Hamilton’s Heritage” series (2005), there are 145 licensed cemeteries in Hamilton.86 One hundred and thirteen (113) of these cemeteries were active at the time of publishing the series in 2005. Thirty‐two (32) cemeteries are described as lost or abandoned. Three (3) cemeteries are designated under the Ontario Heritage Act, namely Shaver Family Cemetery (Ancaster), Rous‐Howard Family Cemetery (Flamborough), and Smith’s Knoll Cemetery (Stoney Creek). Other cemeteries are associated with properties already designated under the Ontario Heritage Act (e.g. cemeteries associated with religious institutions). At the time of publication, the City of Hamilton owned and maintained over 70 cemetery sites. In addition to the above properties, the municipality has identified 24 properties throughout the City in its Register of Property of Cultural Heritage Value or Interest (2010) which are not designated under the Ontario Heritage Act.87 Examples include Gage Park, Gore Park and the . Municipal Cultural Planning There are eight cultural resource categories recognized by Municipal Cultural Planning Inc. 88 Cultural Industries: businesses and non‐profit groups involved in the creation, production, manufacturing and distribution of cultural goods or services. The classifications in this category come from the Statistics Canada’s Canadian Framework for Culture Statistics, and reflect the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes. Cultural Occupations: the labour force aspect of cultural industries. It describes employment in the various jobs that people perform as cultural workers. The occupation categories also come from the Canadian Framework for Culture Statistics, and are organized according to North

85 City of Hamilton., “Hamilton’s Heritage Volume 4: Inventory of Registered Archaeological Sites”, 2004, pg. 1 and 14 and 17‐55. 86 City of Hamilton., “Hamilton’s Heritage Volume 6: Inventory of Cemeteries and Burial Grounds”, City of Hamilton Planning and Economic Development Department, 2005, pg. 1 and 3 and 6. 87 City of Hamilton., “City of Hamilton Register of Property of Cultural Heritage Value or Interest: Section B‐1 Non‐designated Heritage Properties” City of Hamilton Planning and Economic Development Department, 2010. 88 Cultural Resource Mapping: A Guideline for Municipalities, 2010. www.ontariomcp.ca. Toronto, Canada.

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American Occupational Classification System (NOCS) codes. For example, occupation data could tell you how many graphic designers are employed in your community, whether they are employed by a or a hospital. Community Cultural Organizations: organizations that represent arts, heritage and ethno‐ cultural interests in the community. These are usually non‐profits and can include arts and heritage advisory committees, ethno‐cultural associations, local arts councils, dance schools and library boards. Cultural Facilities and Spaces: buildings and sites that host cultural activity. These can include spaces in the public, private and non‐profit sectors, and include everything from purpose‐built facilities, to facilities that include cultural programming. Natural Heritage: natural wonders and areas of environmental and cultural significance. These can include municipal parks, conservation areas and botanical gardens. Research currently underway at Ryerson University is pointing towards a broader definition of natural heritage that includes green infrastructure assets such as the urban tree canopy, trail systems and green roofs. Cultural Heritage: the management and exhibition of objects, buildings and sites of historical, cultural and educational value. These can include everything from pioneer villages to public art and archive collections. Cultural Events and Festivals: festivals and events in your community. These can include performing arts events, tours of culturally significant places, seasonal celebrations, and many others. Intangible Culture: These are assets that are not necessarily manifest in physical form. They include stories and legends, shared beliefs, customs and rituals, as well as digital cultural expression. First Nations Communities The Six Nations of the Grand River First Nations holds a deeded tract of land of approximately 46,000 acres (18,000 hectares) along the Grand River. This First Nation includes the six nations of Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, Onondaga, and Tuscarora. The Six Nations of the Grand River has a band membership of 22,294 with an on‐reserve population of 11,297.89 The two reserves within this territory are Glebe Farm No. 40B and Six Nations No. 40.90 The territory is

89 Six Nations Council. Six Nations of the Grand River Community Profile. http://www.sixnations.ca/CommunityProfile.htm. 2007. Accessed on July 19, 2011. 90 Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. First Nation Detail for the Six Nations of the Grand River.http://pse5‐esd5.ainc‐inac.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=121&lang=eng. Reserves and Registered Population last modified on 2008‐12‐11. Accessed on July 19, 2011.

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located approximately 25 km southwest of Hamilton, and is surrounded by Hamilton’s neighbouring counties of Brant and Haldimand as well as the County of Norfolk and the Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nations.91 The Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nations (New Credit 40A) is located southwest of Hamilton with a population of 1,945.92 93

Additional PIC comments:

Participants in the PICs, provided these additional comments:

Walking Along the Street

• South James Street intersection at Main Street (bumps between cuts), unevenness at intersection between cement and asphalt • Curb cuts are often too steep for manual chair (John Street and Cannon Street), sidewalks are so poorly maintained that wheelchairs and scooters prefer to use the road • Shrubs and bushes encroach on sidewalk (south Wilson Street east of Ferguson Street) • Time the lights downtown to pedestrian pace – not vehicle pace • Intersection at Dundurn Street and King Street by Fortino’s, intersection and at Main Street West and Macklin Street, bumpy uneven sidewalks are hard for baby strollers • Improved sidewalks, buffered medians, street trees at Millgrove Sideroad Road between 6th and 4th concession; 5th concession (Millgrove) west of school to village edge; Rock Chapel Road to Church Street to the Royal Botanical Gardens • No sidewalks on north side of Scenic Drive (significant bicycle, running, walking area); Speed of traffic considerable risk to pedestrians • Angela, Leslie, Elmwood Streets have no sidewalks; Children travelling east – west

91 Six Nations Council. Six Nations of the Grand River Community Profile. http://www.sixnations.ca/CommunityProfile.htm. 2007. Accessed on July 19, 2011. 92 Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. First Nation Detail for the Mississaugas of the Credit River. http://pse5‐esd5.ainc‐inac.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=120&lang=eng. Reserves and Registered Population last modified on 2008‐12‐11. Accessed on July 19, 2011. 93 Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. First Nation Profiles Interactive Map. http://fnpim‐ cippn.inac‐ainc.gc.ca/index‐eng.asp. Accessed on July 19, 2011.

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to two public elementary schools Crossing the Street

• Sensitivity of construction for disabled people • California curbs are painful compared to flush corners • Pedestrian crossing buttons are usually too high for wheelchair users or off pavement, Main Street West and Paisley Street (long wait, short crossing time); Pedestrians cross illegally to shorten their trips to the Store • Eliminate EAST CROSSWALK RETAIN WEST CROSSWALK – Dundas‐Osler Drive; Traffic coming too fast for seniors to cross – no traffic light and drive way after crossing from plaza; Scooters and walkers have difficulty getting onto sidewalk. • The Scenic Drive/ area crossing at the corner (curve) west of West 34th Street is an unsafe crossing • Motorists do not come to a complete stop at stop signs (by schools ‐ Elmer Park Area) • Refuge island needed on Scenic Drive to Bruce Trail (west of West 34th Street) Policies

• Consistent construction standards • No bevelling of cement joints • As in urban braille, no interlocking bricks • Consistent crossing times for seniors throughout the City (King Street and Wellington Street 20 seconds; James Street and Barton Street 30 seconds); snow removal or intersection needs major improvement; consistent safety supervision; erect pedestrian bridge over very busy road intersection, allows cars to turn east unimpeded by pedestrians; minimize jeopardy of walkers • Enforcement – Pedestrian signals at stop lights and signs; vehicles tend to ignore pedestrians • Enforce snow removal by‐law Other

• There is no rescue programme for people who have problems with their mobility

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devices • Street furniture and garbage cans • Many more specifically labelled bike routes needed • Smokers in clearly marked non‐smoking areas • Big trucks in urban area Wellington Street and Young Street (no stop) • What works in built up area does not necessarily lend itself to use on rural roads • Multiple accidents from speed at the curve on Scenic Drive west of West 34th Street (often not reported to police, vehicles usually needed to tow vehicle away) • Need to expand sidewalk network (Angela, Leslie, and Scenic Drive) • Preference for one‐way streets • Emergency call buttons along sidewalks/trails • Expand bike network to get cyclists off sidewalks • More green space Programs

• No comments

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